Composite microwave soil disinfection device and operation method thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a composite microwave soil disinfection device and its operation method, relating to the field of plant protection machinery. The soil disinfection device is configured as a soil operation device based on microwave and micro-steam synergy. The soil operation device includes a carrier and a micro-steam synergy mechanism. The carrier is a self-propelled tracked chassis. A lidar for environmental perception and navigation is installed on the front of the carrier, and a support frame that can extend laterally is provided on the rear of the carrier. The microwave irradiation mechanism is located on the rear of the carrier and performs microwave disinfection on the soil during movement. The microwave irradiation mechanism has a high-voltage power supply unit electrically connected to the carrier and a microwave irradiation component. The microwave irradiation component is mounted on the support frame and includes an irradiation assembly and a heat dissipation module. This composite microwave soil disinfection device and its operation method achieve efficient soil sterilization through the synergistic disinfection mechanism of microwave heating and micro-steam.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to plant protection machinery technology, specifically to a composite microwave soil disinfection device and its operation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of facility agriculture, hydroponics, and the construction of high-standard farmland, problems such as continuous cropping obstacles, soil-borne diseases and pests, and pesticide residues have become increasingly prominent, becoming key factors restricting the green and high-quality development of agriculture. Traditional soil disinfection methods mainly include chemical fumigation (such as methyl bromide, dazomet, etc.), solar disinfection, biological fumigation, and hot water treatment. However, these methods all have significant drawbacks in practical applications: although chemical fumigation is effective, it easily causes pesticide residues, disrupts the soil micro-ecological balance, and causes environmental pollution, and some highly toxic chemical agents have been restricted or banned by international conventions; solar disinfection is limited by climatic conditions, has a long cycle, and it is difficult to guarantee the depth and uniformity of disinfection; biological fumigation has low efficiency and is greatly affected by environmental factors; hot water treatment has extremely high energy consumption, is difficult to manage water, and is prone to causing secondary salinization.

[0003] In recent years, microwave soil disinfection technology, as a physical non-thermal treatment method, has attracted much attention due to its advantages such as rapid sterilization and pest control, no chemical residue, and simple operation. Its principle is to utilize the thermal and biological effects of microwaves to cause microorganisms and pests in the soil to die due to protein denaturation within a short period of time.

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical needs, the inventor filed an invention patent on April 17, 2024, with publication number CN118161639A, entitled "A Greenhouse Microwave Irradiation Soil Disinfection Device." This patent application includes: a frame for mounting various components of the soil disinfection device; a generator mounted on the frame to provide power or electricity; a self-propelled tracked chassis mounted on both sides of the bottom of the frame to control its forward movement; a microwave frequency converter power supply mounted on the front of the frame to output microwaves by adjusting the voltage; and a microwave irradiation unit matrix mounted on the front of the microwave frequency converter power supply, serving as the microwave output device. This invention can be used for microwave disinfection of soil within a tillage depth of 0-20cm, producing no pollution after application. It is used for the prevention and control of soil diseases, pests, and weeds in continuously cropped greenhouses, and has positive effects on inactivating soil pathogens, improving soil quality, enhancing soil nutrients and some soil physicochemical indicators, and improving soil microbial communities. Cultivation can begin shortly after irradiation, and the self-propelled chassis avoids microwave radiation exposure to operators.

[0005] Meanwhile, the inventors searched for similar prior art, such as the dual-mode microwave soil disinfection device and control method published in patent application CN121003050A. This patent application includes a chassis system, a soil conveying component, and a disinfection component. The soil conveying component is pivotally mounted at the front end of the chassis system via a hinge mechanism, and a soil-shoveling structure is located at the distal end of the soil conveying component. The disinfection component includes a soil transmission mechanism, a first microwave generating structure, and a second microwave generating structure. The inlet end of the soil transmission mechanism is connected to the soil conveying component, and the outlet end of the soil transmission mechanism extends to the rear end of the chassis system. The first microwave generating structure is located above the soil transmission mechanism, and the second microwave generating structure is located below the soil transmission mechanism. The two microwave generating structures are configured to open and close simultaneously. This invention achieves soil displacement disinfection through the first microwave generating structure and in-situ disinfection of deep soil through the second microwave generating structure, improving the uniformity and depth of disinfection.

[0006] However, the aforementioned existing technologies all rely solely on microwaves as the only energy source for soil disinfection, and therefore still suffer from the following common shortcomings in practical applications:

[0007] Firstly, a large amount of soil moisture evaporates during microwave irradiation, and the sensible heat of the soil is lost accordingly, so the energy utilization efficiency needs to be further improved.

[0008] Secondly, the soil moisture content decreases significantly after high-temperature treatment, which can easily lead to soil compaction and affect subsequent cultivation.

[0009] Third, the ability of microwave thermal effect alone to kill certain heat-resistant soil-borne pathogens and deep-seated insect eggs is still limited.

[0010] Therefore, how to construct a synergistic disinfection mechanism by utilizing the sensible heat accumulated in the soil on the basis of microwave disinfection is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of this invention is to provide a composite microwave soil disinfection device and its operation method to solve the problems of severe heat loss and moisture loss in soil and insufficient killing ability against heat-resistant pathogens when using a single microwave energy source for disinfection in the prior art.

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a composite microwave soil disinfection device, wherein the soil disinfection device is configured as a soil operation device based on microwave and micro-steam synergy, the soil operation device comprising:

[0013] The carrier is a tracked chassis with self-propelled capability. A lidar for environmental perception and navigation is installed on the front of the carrier, and a support frame that can extend laterally is installed on the rear of the carrier.

[0014] The microwave irradiation mechanism is located at the rear of the carrier and performs microwave disinfection on the soil during movement. The microwave irradiation mechanism has a high-voltage power supply unit with phase-connected power and a microwave irradiation component. The microwave irradiation component is mounted on the carrier frame and includes an irradiation assembly and a heat dissipation module. The irradiation assembly is a microwave generator with a magnetron and a waveguide. The bottom end of the irradiation assembly is connected to a bottom slide. The carrier frame is provided with a slide groove that cooperates with the bottom slide. The rear end of the bottom slide is connected to a rack. The carrier frame is provided with a gear module that meshes with the rack and drives the irradiation assembly to move left and right.

[0015] The micro-steam coordinating mechanism is located at the rear of the carrier. The micro-steam coordinating mechanism includes a top frame, a water tank, a high-pressure pump, and a micro-atomizing nozzle array. The water tank and the high-voltage power unit are stacked vertically. A horizontally set top frame is connected to the rear of the water tank. The top frame is a rectangular frame structure with a hollow center. The high-pressure pump and the micro-atomizing nozzle array are installed at the front of the top frame. The input end of the high-pressure pump is connected to the outlet of the water tank through a high-pressure hose, and the output end of the high-pressure pump is connected to the micro-atomizing nozzle array through a split pipe.

[0016] Furthermore, the heat dissipation module is arranged adjacent to the irradiation assembly, and the heat dissipation module is an air-cooled radiator.

[0017] Furthermore, the spray direction of the microporous atomizing nozzle array is directed toward the soil action zone below the microwave irradiation mechanism. The microporous atomizing nozzle array is used to spray atomized water onto the surface of high-temperature soil particles after microwave heating. The atomized water instantly vaporizes to form micro-steam using the sensible heat stored in the soil itself.

[0018] Furthermore, the soil handling device also includes a soil pre-loosening mechanism, which is located in front of the microwave irradiation mechanism and connected to the bottom of the support frame. The soil pre-loosening mechanism is used to pre-loosen the soil during travel. The soil pre-loosening mechanism includes a main rotary tillage assembly, a secondary rotary tillage assembly, and a drive assembly. The secondary rotary tillage assembly has two sets and is respectively hinged to both sides of the main rotary tillage assembly. Both the main rotary tillage assembly and the secondary rotary tillage assembly are rotary tillers with a cover plate on the rear side and a rotary tillage blade shaft on the inner side.

[0019] Furthermore, the main rotary tiller assembly is connected to the drive assembly in the middle, and a bracket is installed on the upper end of the main rotary tiller assembly. A flip drive telescopic rod is hinged to both sides of the bracket. The free end of the flip drive telescopic rod is hinged to the auxiliary rotary tiller assembly. The flip drive telescopic rod is used to drive the auxiliary rotary tiller assembly to rotate relative to the main rotary tiller assembly to switch the working width.

[0020] Furthermore, the rotary tillage components of the main rotary tillage assembly and the auxiliary rotary tillage assembly are equipped with a disengageable coupling at the end of the rotary tillage blade shaft. When the auxiliary rotary tillage assembly is extended outward to the horizontal working position, the end of the rotary tillage blade shaft of the auxiliary rotary tillage assembly and the end of the rotary tillage blade shaft of the main rotary tillage assembly are connected and powered through the coupling, so that the power of the drive assembly can synchronously drive the rotary tillage blade shafts of the auxiliary rotary tillage assemblies on both sides to rotate.

[0021] Furthermore, a microwave focusing reflector is provided below the waveguide output port of the irradiation assembly. The microwave focusing reflector includes multiple metal focusing reflectors arranged circumferentially and with adjustable pitch angles.

[0022] Furthermore, the metal focusing reflector has a parabolic or conical structure. The metal focusing reflector is connected to the outer periphery of the waveguide output port via an angle adjustment bracket. The angle of the metal focusing reflector relative to the waveguide output port is adjustable to change the microwave focusing depth or irradiation area.

[0023] A method for operating the aforementioned composite microwave soil disinfection equipment includes the following steps:

[0024] S1: Control the soil disinfection equipment to move to the field operation area. During the movement, the equipment uses lidar to perceive and navigate the operation environment, identify operation boundaries, obstacles and terrain information, plan the operation path and control the tracked chassis to move automatically along the planned path.

[0025] S2: Control the soil pre-loosening mechanism to pre-loosen the soil. When the working width is less than or equal to the width of the main rotary tillage component, control the tilting drive telescopic rod to drive the auxiliary rotary tillage component to retract upwards and put the coupling in the disengaged state, with only the main rotary tillage component performing the pre-loosening operation; when the working width is greater than the width of the main rotary tillage component, control the tilting drive telescopic rod to drive the auxiliary rotary tillage component to extend outwards to the horizontal working position, so that the coupling is engaged, and the main rotary tillage component and the auxiliary rotary tillage component jointly perform the pre-loosening operation, rotating synchronously to break the soil;

[0026] S3: Control the microwave irradiation mechanism to disinfect the pre-loosened soil with microwaves. Drive the irradiation assembly to move laterally through the gear module to adjust the irradiation position. Adjust the pitch angle of the metal focusing reflector according to the soil type and moisture content to change the microwave focusing depth and irradiation area, and control the microwave irradiation depth and energy density.

[0027] S4: Control the micro-steam synergistic mechanism. After the microwave irradiation step in S3, spray atomized water onto the surface of the high-temperature soil particles heated by microwave. Utilize the sensible heat stored in the soil itself to instantly vaporize the atomized water into micro-steam, achieving synergistic disinfection. The working pressure of the high-pressure pump is linked to the output power of the microwave irradiation mechanism to match the spray volume of atomized water with the sensible heat storage of the soil.

[0028] S5: Control the tracked chassis to continuously move along the planned path, and simultaneously repeat S2 pre-loosening, S3 microwave irradiation and S4 micro steam synergy until the soil disinfection of the entire work area is completed.

[0029] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention provides a composite microwave soil disinfection device and its operating method. On one hand, it rapidly heats and disinfects the soil through a microwave irradiation mechanism, and utilizes a gear module in conjunction with a chute and bottom slide to drive the irradiation assembly to move left and right, achieving flexible adjustment of the irradiation position to meet the adaptability requirements of different operating widths and localized enhanced disinfection. On the other hand, by configuring a micro-steam synergistic mechanism, atomized water is immediately sprayed onto the surface of soil particles after high-temperature microwave irradiation. The sensible heat stored in the soil instantly vaporizes to form micro-steam, achieving a dual disinfection mechanism of microwave thermal effect + micro-steam heat and moisture synergy. This significantly improves energy utilization efficiency and the ability to kill heat-resistant pathogens. Simultaneously, the atomized water replenishment effectively alleviates the soil compaction problem caused by microwave treatment, improving the tillageability of the treated soil. Specific technical effects include the following:

[0030] 1. This invention, by setting up main and auxiliary rotary tillage components in conjunction before microwave irradiation, not only effectively breaks up compacted soil and increases the specific surface area of ​​soil particles, allowing microwave energy and micro-steam to penetrate more evenly into the depth of the tillage layer, significantly improving the uniformity of disinfection; at the same time, the auxiliary rotary tillage component can flexibly expand or retract by flipping the telescopic rod, and achieve rapid switching of the working width in conjunction with the clutch of the coupling, which not only meets the operational needs of different furrow widths and field sizes, but also reduces energy consumption and mechanical wear when operating in narrow areas, greatly improving the equipment's adaptability and operational efficiency.

[0031] 2. The present invention provides a circumferentially adjustable pitch metal focusing reflector below the waveguide output port, which can dynamically adjust the focusing depth and irradiation area of ​​the microwave according to the soil type, moisture content and target disinfection depth, so that the microwave energy can be more concentrated on the target area of ​​the cultivated layer, reducing the useless dissipation into the deeper soil, thereby improving the heating rate and sterilization effect of a unit volume of soil under the same power. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the microwave irradiation mechanism in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the soil pre-loosening mechanism in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the micro-vapor collaborative mechanism in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0040] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0041] 1. Carrier; 2. Support frame; 3. Irradiation assembly; 4. Heat dissipation module; 5. Bottom slide; 6. Rack; 7. Gear module; 8. Soil pre-loosening mechanism; 81. Main rotary tillage assembly; 82. Secondary rotary tillage assembly; 83. Drive assembly; 84. Tilting drive telescopic rod; 85. Coupling; 9. Micro-steam collaborative mechanism; 91. Top frame; 92. Water tank; 93. High-pressure pump; 94. Micro-pore atomizing nozzle array; 10. Metal focusing reflector; 11. Angle adjustment bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] As attached Figure 1 To be continued Figure 2 As shown:

[0044] Example 1:

[0045] The present invention provides a composite microwave soil disinfection device, which is configured as a soil operation device based on microwave irradiation. The soil operation device includes a carrier 1 and a microwave irradiation mechanism.

[0046] 1. In one embodiment of the present invention, the carrier 1 is a tracked chassis with self-propelled function, a lidar for environmental perception and navigation is provided on the front side of the carrier 1, and a support frame 2 that can extend laterally is provided on the rear side of the carrier 1.

[0047] 2. In one embodiment of the present invention, a microwave irradiation mechanism is disposed on the rear side of the carrier 1 and performs microwave disinfection on the soil during movement. The microwave irradiation mechanism has a high-voltage power supply unit electrically connected to the phase and a microwave irradiation component. The microwave irradiation component is mounted on the support frame 2. The microwave irradiation component includes an irradiation assembly 3 and a heat dissipation module 4. The irradiation assembly 3 is a microwave generator with a magnetron and a waveguide. The bottom end of the irradiation assembly 3 is connected to a bottom slide 5. The support frame 2 is provided with a slide groove that cooperates with the bottom slide 5. The rear end of the bottom slide 5 is connected to a rack 6. The support frame 2 is provided with a gear module 7 that meshes with the rack 6 and drives the irradiation assembly 3 to move left and right.

[0048] 3. In one embodiment of the present invention, the heat dissipation module 4 is disposed adjacent to the irradiation assembly 3, and the heat dissipation module 4 is an air-cooled radiator.

[0049] Working Principle: Based on existing technology, Example 1 further introduces a translation adjustment mechanism for the irradiation assembly 3. Through the meshing transmission of the gear module 7 and rack 6, the bottom slide 5 is driven to slide laterally along the groove on the support frame 2, thereby enabling the irradiation assembly 3 to achieve controllable left-right translation behind the carrier 1. This structure allows the microwave irradiation area to no longer be limited to a fixed width. Operators can flexibly adjust the lateral position of the irradiation assembly 3 according to the width of the field ridges, the planting row spacing, or areas with severe pests and diseases, achieving targeted enhanced disinfection or wide-area uniform coverage. Simultaneously, an air-cooled radiator is installed adjacent to the irradiation assembly 3, which can promptly remove the large amount of heat generated by the magnetron, ensuring the thermal stability of the microwave generator under continuous operation and extending the continuous operation time of the equipment.

[0050] As attached Figure 3 To be continued Figure 4 As shown:

[0051] Example 2:

[0052] This embodiment is basically the same as the previous embodiment, except that the soil working device also includes a soil pre-loosening mechanism 8. The soil pre-loosening mechanism 8 is disposed on the front side of the microwave irradiation mechanism and connected to the bottom end of the support frame 2. The soil pre-loosening mechanism 8 is used to pre-loosen the soil during the movement. The soil pre-loosening mechanism 8 includes a main rotary tillage component 81, a secondary rotary tillage component 82 and a drive assembly 83. The secondary rotary tillage component 82 is provided in two sets and is respectively hinged on both sides of the main rotary tillage component 81. Both the main rotary tillage component 81 and the secondary rotary tillage component 82 are rotary tillers with a cover plate on the rear side and a rotary tillage blade shaft on the inner side.

[0053] 1. In one embodiment of the present invention, the main rotary tillage assembly 81 is connected to the drive assembly 83 in the middle, and a bracket is installed on the upper end of the main rotary tillage assembly 81. A flip drive telescopic rod 84 is hinged to both sides of the bracket. The free end of the flip drive telescopic rod 84 is hinged to the auxiliary rotary tillage assembly 82. The flip drive telescopic rod 84 is used to drive the auxiliary rotary tillage assembly 82 to rotate relative to the main rotary tillage assembly 81 to switch the working width.

[0054] 2. In one embodiment of the present invention, the rotary tillage assembly 81 and the rotary tillage assembly 82 are provided with a disengageable coupling 85 at the ends of their rotary tillage blade shafts. When the rotary tillage assembly 82 is extended outward to a horizontal working position, the ends of the rotary tillage blade shafts of the rotary tillage assembly 82 and the ends of the rotary tillage blade shafts of the main rotary tillage assembly 81 are connected and powered through the coupling 85, so that the power of the drive assembly 83 can synchronously drive the rotary tillage blade shafts of the two auxiliary rotary tillage assemblies 82 to rotate.

[0055] Working Principle: In Example 2, based on Example 1, a soil pre-loosening mechanism 8 is further added in front of the microwave irradiation mechanism. Its main function is to break down compacted or dense topsoil into loose particles by high-speed rotation of the rotary tiller shaft, cutting, lifting, and throwing the soil. The porosity between the pre-loosened soil particles is significantly increased. This facilitates the uniform penetration of microwave energy into the deeper soil layers, avoiding microwave reflection and energy dissipation caused by surface density. Furthermore, the significantly increased surface area of ​​the loose soil particles allows for faster and more uniform microwave irradiation heating, while also providing conditions for subsequent micro-vapor penetration and diffusion (Example 3), thus improving the overall disinfection effect from a physical perspective.

[0056] Secondly, its main function is to further solve the problem of fixed working width in traditional rotary tillers. By flipping and driving the telescopic rod 84, the auxiliary rotary tiller components 82 on both sides are driven to retract upwards or extend outwards relative to the main rotary tiller component 81. Combined with the engagement / disengagement switching of the coupling 85, flexible adjustment of the working width is achieved: when the auxiliary rotary tiller components 82 are extended and the coupling 85 is engaged, the rotary tiller shafts of the main and auxiliary rotary tiller components 82 form an integrated power transmission chain, and the power of the drive assembly 83 is synchronously transmitted to both sides, achieving wide-width pre-loosening operations; when the auxiliary rotary tiller components 82 are retracted and the coupling 85 is disengaged, only the main rotary tiller component 81 works independently, suitable for narrow-width or boundary area operations. This design allows the equipment to flexibly match the pre-loosening width according to the field width and planting row spacing, improving operational efficiency while avoiding unnecessary energy consumption and mechanical wear.

[0057] As attached Figure 5 To be continued Figure 6 As shown:

[0058] Example 3:

[0059] This invention provides a composite microwave soil disinfection device, which is configured as a soil operation device based on the synergy of microwave and micro-steam. The soil operation device includes:

[0060] Carrier 1 is a tracked chassis with self-propelled function. A lidar for environmental perception and navigation is installed on the front side of carrier 1, and a support frame 2 that can extend laterally is installed on the rear side of carrier 1.

[0061] A microwave irradiation mechanism is configured on the rear side of the carrier 1 and performs microwave disinfection on the soil during movement. The microwave irradiation mechanism has a high-voltage power supply unit with phase-connected power and a microwave irradiation component. The microwave irradiation component is mounted on the carrier frame 2. The microwave irradiation component includes an irradiation assembly 3 and a heat dissipation module 4. The irradiation assembly 3 is a microwave generator with a magnetron and a waveguide. The bottom end of the irradiation assembly 3 is connected to a bottom slide 5. The carrier frame 2 is provided with a sliding groove that cooperates with the bottom slide 5. The rear end of the bottom slide 5 is connected to a rack 6. The carrier frame 2 is provided with a gear module 7 that meshes with the rack 6 and drives the irradiation assembly 3 to move left and right.

[0062] The micro-steam coordinating mechanism 9 is located on the rear side of the carrier 1. The micro-steam coordinating mechanism 9 includes a top frame 91, a water tank 92, a high-pressure pump 93, and a micro-pore atomizing nozzle array 94. The water tank 92 and the high-voltage power supply unit are stacked vertically. A horizontally arranged top frame 91 is connected to the rear side of the water tank 92. The top frame 91 is a rectangular frame structure with a hollow center. The high-pressure pump 93 and the micro-pore atomizing nozzle array 94 are installed on the front side of the top frame 91. The input end of the high-pressure pump 93 is connected to the outlet of the water tank 92 through a high-pressure hose, and the output end of the high-pressure pump 93 is connected to the micro-pore atomizing nozzle array 94 through a split pipe.

[0063] 1. In one embodiment of the present invention, the spraying direction of the microporous atomizing nozzle array 94 is directed toward the soil action area below the microwave irradiation mechanism. The microporous atomizing nozzle array 94 is used to spray atomized water onto the surface of high-temperature soil particles heated by microwaves. The atomized water is instantly vaporized using the sensible heat stored in the soil to form micro-steam.

[0064] Working Principle: Based on Examples 1 and 2, Example 3 introduces a micro-steam synergistic mechanism 9. This mechanism uses the sensible heat accumulated in the high-temperature soil particles after microwave irradiation as the energy source for secondary disinfection. The microporous atomizing nozzle array 94 atomizes high-pressure water into micron-sized droplets, which are directly sprayed onto the high-temperature soil surface that has just left the microwave irradiation area. Because the soil particle temperature is much higher than the boiling point of water, the atomized droplets undergo a violent phase change upon contact, rapidly vaporizing to form micro-steam. This micro-steam diffuses and permeates through the soil pores, providing secondary moist heat sterilization of hidden areas not fully irradiated by microwaves, as well as heat-resistant pathogens and insect eggs.

[0065] As attached Figure 7 As shown:

[0066] Example 4:

[0067] This embodiment is basically the same as the previous embodiment, except that a microwave focusing reflector is provided below the waveguide output port of the irradiation assembly 3. The microwave focusing reflector includes multiple metal focusing reflectors 10 arranged circumferentially and with adjustable pitch angle.

[0068] 1. In one embodiment of the present invention, the metal focusing reflector 10 is a parabolic or conical structure. The metal focusing reflector 10 is connected to the outer periphery of the waveguide output port through an angle adjustment bracket 11. The angle of the metal focusing reflector 10 relative to the waveguide output port is adjustable to change the microwave focusing depth or irradiation area.

[0069] Working Principle: Example 4, based on Example 3, further adds a microwave focusing reflector. The circumferentially arranged metal focusing reflector 10 focuses and guides the divergent microwave energy output from the waveguide, changing the microwave propagation path and energy distribution in the soil medium. The pitch angle of the reflector can be dynamically adjusted by changing the angle adjustment bracket 11: when the reflector angle is steeper, the microwave energy is more concentrated in the surface soil, suitable for rapid shallow disinfection; when the reflector angle is flatter, the microwave penetration depth increases, suitable for the treatment of pests and diseases in deep soil or root zones.

[0070] In conjunction with the above embodiments 1, 2, 3, and 4, the present invention also provides an operation method for a composite microwave soil disinfection device, specifically including the following steps:

[0071] S1: Control the soil disinfection equipment to move to the field operation area. During the movement, the equipment uses lidar to perceive and navigate the operation environment, identify operation boundaries, obstacles and terrain information, plan the operation path and control the tracked chassis to move automatically along the planned path.

[0072] S2: Control the soil pre-loosening mechanism 8 to pre-loosen the soil. When the working width is less than or equal to the width of the main rotary tillage component 81, control the flipping drive telescopic rod 84 to drive the auxiliary rotary tillage component 82 to retract upwards and put the coupling 85 in a disengaged state, with only the main rotary tillage component 81 performing the pre-loosening operation. When the working width is greater than the width of the main rotary tillage component 81, control the flipping drive telescopic rod 84 to drive the auxiliary rotary tillage component 82 to extend outwards to a horizontal working position, so that the coupling 85 engages, and the main rotary tillage component 81 and the auxiliary rotary tillage component 82 jointly perform the pre-loosening operation, rotating synchronously to break the soil.

[0073] S3: Control the microwave irradiation mechanism to disinfect the pre-loosened soil with microwaves. Drive the irradiation assembly 3 to move laterally through the gear module 7 to adjust the irradiation position. Adjust (pre-detect) the pitch angle of the metal focusing reflector 10 according to the soil type and moisture content to change the microwave focusing depth and irradiation area, and control the microwave irradiation depth and energy density.

[0074] S4: Control the micro-steam synergistic mechanism 9. After the microwave irradiation step S3, spray atomized water onto the surface of the high-temperature soil particles heated by microwave. Utilize the sensible heat stored in the soil itself to instantly vaporize the atomized water into micro-steam, achieving synergistic disinfection. Among them, the working pressure of the high-pressure pump 93 is linked to the output power of the microwave irradiation mechanism to match the spray volume of atomized water with the sensible heat storage of the soil.

[0075] S5: Control the tracked chassis to continuously move along the planned path, and simultaneously repeat S2 pre-loosening, S3 microwave irradiation and S4 micro steam synergy until the soil disinfection of the entire work area is completed.

[0076] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite microwave soil disinfection device, wherein the soil disinfection device is configured as a soil operation device based on microwave and micro-steam synergy, characterized in that, The soil handling equipment includes: The carrier (1) is a tracked chassis with self-propelled function. A lidar for environmental perception and navigation is installed on the front side of the carrier (1), and a support frame (2) that can extend laterally is installed on the rear side of the carrier (1). The microwave irradiation mechanism is located on the rear side of the carrier (1) and performs microwave disinfection on the soil during movement. The microwave irradiation mechanism has a high-voltage power supply unit connected to the phase and a microwave irradiation component. The microwave irradiation component is mounted on the support frame (2). The microwave irradiation component includes an irradiation assembly (3) and a heat dissipation module (4). The irradiation assembly (3) is a microwave generator with a magnetron and a waveguide. The bottom end of the irradiation assembly (3) is connected to the bottom slide (5). The support frame (2) is provided with a sliding groove that cooperates with the bottom slide (5). The rear end of the bottom slide (5) is connected to a rack (6). The support frame (2) is provided with a gear module (7) that meshes with the rack (6) and drives the irradiation assembly (3) to move left and right. The micro-steam coordinating mechanism (9) is located on the rear side of the carrier (1). The micro-steam coordinating mechanism (9) includes a top frame (91), a water tank (92), a high-pressure pump (93), and a micro-pore atomizing nozzle array (94). The water tank (92) and the high-voltage power unit are stacked vertically. A horizontally arranged top frame (91) is connected to the rear side of the water tank (92). The top frame (91) is a rectangular frame structure with a hollow center. The high-pressure pump (93) and the micro-pore atomizing nozzle array (94) are installed on the front side of the top frame (91). The input end of the high-pressure pump (93) is connected to the outlet of the water tank (92) through a high-pressure hose. The output end of the high-pressure pump (93) is connected to the micro-pore atomizing nozzle array (94) through a diverter pipe.

2. The composite microwave soil disinfection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat dissipation module (4) is arranged adjacent to the irradiation assembly (3), and the heat dissipation module (4) is an air-cooled radiator.

3. The composite microwave soil disinfection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spray direction of the microporous atomizing nozzle array (94) is toward the soil action zone below the microwave irradiation mechanism.

4. The composite microwave soil disinfection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil operation device also includes a soil pre-loosening mechanism (8), which is located on the front side of the microwave irradiation mechanism and connected to the bottom of the support frame (2). The soil pre-loosening mechanism (8) is used to pre-loosen the soil during travel. The soil pre-loosening mechanism (8) includes a main rotary tillage assembly (81), a secondary rotary tillage assembly (82), and a drive assembly (83). The secondary rotary tillage assembly (82) has two sets and is respectively hinged on both sides of the main rotary tillage assembly (81). Both the main rotary tillage assembly (81) and the secondary rotary tillage assembly (82) are rotary tillers with a cover plate on the rear side and a rotary tillage blade shaft on the inner side.

5. The composite microwave soil disinfection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The main rotary tillage assembly (81) is connected to the drive assembly (83) in the middle. A bracket is installed on the upper end of the main rotary tillage assembly (81). A flip drive telescopic rod (84) is hinged on both sides of the bracket. The free end of the flip drive telescopic rod (84) is hinged to the auxiliary rotary tillage assembly (82). The flip drive telescopic rod (84) is used to drive the auxiliary rotary tillage assembly (82) to rotate relative to the main rotary tillage assembly (81) to switch the working width.

6. The composite microwave soil disinfection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The rotary tillage assembly (81) and the auxiliary rotary tillage assembly (82) are provided with a detachable coupling (85) at the end of the rotary tillage blade shaft.

7. The composite microwave soil disinfection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A microwave focusing reflector is provided below the waveguide output port of the irradiation assembly (3). The microwave focusing reflector includes multiple metal focusing reflectors (10) arranged circumferentially and with adjustable pitch angle.

8. A composite microwave soil disinfection device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The metal focusing reflector (10) is a parabolic or conical structure, and the metal focusing reflector (10) is connected to the outer periphery of the waveguide output port through an angle adjustment bracket (11).

9. A method for operating the composite microwave soil disinfection equipment according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Control the soil disinfection equipment to move to the field operation area. During the movement, the equipment uses lidar to perceive and navigate the operation environment, identify operation boundaries, obstacles and terrain information, plan the operation path and control the tracked chassis to move automatically along the planned path. S2: Control the soil pre-loosening mechanism (8) to pre-loosen the soil. When the working width is less than or equal to the width of the main rotary tillage component (81), control the flip drive telescopic rod (84) to drive the auxiliary rotary tillage component (82) to retract upwards and put the coupling (85) in a separated state. Only the main rotary tillage component (81) performs the pre-loosening operation. When the working width is greater than the width of the main rotary tillage component (81), control the flip drive telescopic rod (84) to drive the auxiliary rotary tillage component (82) to unfold outwards to the horizontal working position and put the coupling (85) into place. The main rotary tillage component (81) and the auxiliary rotary tillage component (82) perform the pre-loosening operation together and rotate synchronously to break the soil. S3: Control the microwave irradiation mechanism to disinfect the pre-loosened soil with microwaves. Drive the irradiation assembly (3) to move laterally through the gear module (7) to adjust the irradiation position. Adjust the pitch angle of the metal focusing reflector (10) according to the soil type and moisture content to change the microwave focusing depth and irradiation area, and control the microwave irradiation depth and energy density. S4: Control the micro-steam synergistic mechanism (9), after the microwave irradiation step S3, spray atomized water onto the surface of the high-temperature soil particles heated by microwave, and use the sensible heat stored in the soil itself to make the atomized water instantly vaporize into micro-steam, thereby achieving synergistic disinfection; wherein, the working pressure of the high-pressure pump (93) is linked with the output power of the microwave irradiation mechanism to control the amount of atomized water sprayed to match the sensible heat storage of the soil. S5: Control the tracked chassis to continuously move along the planned path, and simultaneously repeat S2 pre-loosening, S3 microwave irradiation and S4 micro steam synergy until the soil disinfection of the entire work area is completed.

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