A high-yield water and gas well shaft flow rule and dynamic liquid carrying simulation experiment device and experiment method

Abstract

This invention discloses an experimental device for simulating the flow law and dynamic liquid carrying capacity of a high-yield water-gas well, comprising a gas supply component, a gas-liquid mixing device, a wellbore simulation unit, a data acquisition and visualization unit, a pressure controller, a liquid supply unit, and a gas-liquid processing unit. The data acquisition and visualization unit includes a wire mesh sensor, a flow / pressure measurement device group, a high-speed camera, and a data terminal. The visualized tubing is mounted on a sliding rail-type variable angle multiphase pipe flow simulation device. The data terminal is connected to the wire mesh sensor, the flow / pressure measurement device group, and the high-speed camera. This invention can simulate wellbore flow under laboratory conditions with different visualized tubing angles, different pipe diameters, different gas-liquid flow rates, and different outlet pressure constraints, and has the function of synchronous acquisition and continuous recording of pressure, flow rate, liquid holdup, and high-speed images.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of experimental equipment for oil and gas field development and physical simulation technology of multiphase flow in wellbore, and in particular to an experimental device and method for simulating the flow law and dynamic liquid carrying capacity of a high-yield water and gas wellbore. Background Technology

[0002] High-yield water-gas wells often exhibit high gas production and high water production in their later stages of development. The flow process within these wellbores is not typically dominated by frictional transport of gas against droplets or liquid films, but is often accompanied by distinctly unsteady flow patterns such as slug flow and agitated flow. The liquid exhibits a dynamic process within the wellbore characterized by intermittent upward movement, localized retreat, re-entrainment, and redistribution. Therefore, relying solely on conventional critical liquid-carrying theory to determine whether liquid accumulates in such wellbores is often insufficient to accurately characterize the actual liquid-carrying production process in high-yield water-gas wells. With the deepening of research on high-yield water-gas well development, existing studies have recognized that wellbore liquid accumulation and transport are not solely controlled by gas carrying capacity, but are also influenced by wellbore structure, well inclination angle, pipe diameter, inlet gas-liquid flow rate, outlet pressure boundary, and flow pattern transformation processes. Especially for high-yield water and gas wells in the later stages of production, the liquid lift within the wellbore often occurs in unsteady flow regions such as slug flow and turbulent flow. The liquid may be carried out in stages or may fall back and re-accumulate locally, often exhibiting dynamic evolution characteristics within the wellbore. While some existing experimental devices can achieve wellbore visualization, angle adjustment, gas-liquid injection, and pressure testing, most still focus on determining the critical liquid-carrying point, observing general two-phase flow patterns, or studying flow patterns in specific well types. Specific experimental methods are still lacking for the dynamic liquid-carrying process, outlet pressure constraint effect, high-frequency response of liquid holdup, and simultaneous multi-parameter characterization of high-yield water and gas wells under unsteady flow conditions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an experimental device and method capable of stably simulating, synchronously measuring, and systematically recording the gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns, liquid holdup changes, pressure response along the flow path, and dynamic liquid-carrying process within the wellbore of high-yield water and gas wells under different well inclination angles, gas-liquid flow rates, and outlet pressures.

[0003] Among the existing publicly available technologies, some experimental devices related to gas well liquid carrying, wellbore gas-liquid two-phase flow simulation, and visualization observation have emerged. Patent CN202383121U, "A Gas-Liquid Carrying Simulation Device," provides a liquid carrying simulation platform composed of a gas injection system, a water injection system, and a wellbore. It includes a gas-liquid mixing junction, a liquid accumulation observation section, pressure and temperature measuring points, and a gas-liquid separator within the wellbore, which can be used to study gas-liquid carrying and its critical flow rate under different conditions. However, this device mainly focuses on the visualization of general liquid carrying processes and the measurement of conventional parameters, and is still insufficient for acquiring high-frequency data along the flow path, continuously measuring cross-sectional liquid holdup, and continuously recording the dynamic liquid carrying process under high-yield conditions.

[0004] The published patent CN103397876A, "Visual Simulation Experimental Device for Liquid Carrying Mechanism in Complex Structure Wells and Gas Wells," uses a gas injection system, a water injection system, a gas-liquid mixer, a flow guide hose, a pulse jet injector, and a particle imaging velocimetry system to achieve a visual simulation of the liquid carrying mechanism in vertical and horizontal sections of wells. It can also study droplet formation, migration, and the influence of different inclination angles. However, its technical focus is on the visual observation of droplet injection and flow in complex structure wells. It has not formed a complete solution for the experimental simulation and continuous data recording of dynamic liquid carrying in wellbore under the pressure constraint conditions at the outlet end of high-yield water and gas wells.

[0005] The published patent CN111852446A, "An Experimental Device for Physical Simulation of Liquid Accumulation in Gas Wells," uses an air compressor, a gas storage tank, a water storage tank, a plunger pump, a gas-liquid mixer, and a wellbore simulation pipe to form a circulating experimental loop. It can study the effects of factors such as production rate, pipe diameter, well inclination angle, and oil-water ratio on the critical liquid-carrying velocity. However, the research focus of this device is still mainly on the factors affecting the critical liquid-carrying velocity. The experimental simulation support for high-yield water-gas wells under unsteady flow conditions, multi-parameter synchronous measurement, and outlet pressure control conditions is still insufficient.

[0006] The published patent CN108894772A, "An experimental device and method for simulating the gas-liquid flow state of a wellbore under high temperature and high pressure conditions, can simulate the two-phase flow state of gas and liquid under different gas-liquid ratios, different flow velocities, and different well inclinations in the wellbore, and is equipped with a high-speed camera and control system to achieve monitoring. This device focuses more on the visualization simulation of the flow state under high temperature and high pressure conditions, but does not provide a specific design for the dynamic liquid carrying process, online measurement of liquid holdup, and synchronous recording of multi-source information under the pressure constraint at the outlet end in the later stage of high-yield water and gas well production.

[0007] The published patents CN212837770U "Visual Simulation Device for Gas-Liquid Flow in Horizontal Wellbore" and CN112031746A "Visual Simulation Device, Method and Parameter Selection Method for Gas-Liquid Flow in Horizontal Wellbore" simulate the gas-liquid flow in the entire wellbore under multi-point inflow and variable mass flow conditions through a liquid supply device, a gas supply device, a gas-liquid mixing tank, and a transparent simulated wellbore including horizontal, inclined, and vertical sections. They also introduce a particle imaging velocimeter and a microwave liquid holdup tester. However, their research objects are mainly focused on the variable mass flow in the entire wellbore of horizontal wells and the selection of experimental parameters. The focus is not on the simulation of the dynamic liquid carrying process in high-yield vertical and inclined wellbores and the continuous acquisition of experimental data, nor does it highlight the stable control of the outlet pressure of the experimental section through the outlet pressure controller to simulate the wellhead pressure constraint.

[0008] The publicly disclosed patent CN112242000B, "Method, System and Medium for Reconstructing Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow Field Characteristics Based on Wire Mesh Probe," which is related to measurement and reconstruction, proposes a method for obtaining the cavitation fraction matrix and reconstructing the flow field using a wire mesh probe. This indicates that there is already a technological foundation in China for obtaining and processing gas-liquid two-phase flow parameters using wire mesh measuring elements. However, this patent pertains to the data processing and reconstruction method itself and is not a complete device solution for the dynamic liquid-carrying experiment process of high-yield water and gas wellbore.

[0009] In terms of academic papers, Li Jinchao et al.'s "A New Model for Predicting Liquid Accumulation Mechanism and Critical Gas Velocity in Gas Wells," published in the *Acta Petrolei Sinica*, points out that liquid film reversal is a significant cause of liquid accumulation in gas wells and proposes a vertical gas well critical gas velocity prediction model based on zero shear stress. This research strengthens the understanding of liquid accumulation problems from the perspective of liquid film movement mechanisms, but the focus remains on critical point prediction rather than experimental characterization of the entire dynamic liquid-carrying process in high-yield water-gas wells near and above the critical point. Geng Xinzhong's "A Diagnostic Model for Liquid Carrying Conditions in Gas Wellbore Based on the Law of Energy Conservation," published in *Natural Gas Industry*, establishes a diagnostic model for liquid carrying conditions in wellbore from the perspective of energy conservation, indicating that the academic community has recognized the limitations of the traditional single critical velocity criterion and the need to introduce a system energy perspective to diagnose the liquid carrying state in wellbore. However, this achievement is essentially a diagnostic model study and still lacks a device-based implementation path that combines it with high-frequency visualization experiments, cross-sectional liquid holdup measurement, and stable outlet pressure control. Therefore, although existing technologies have made progress in areas such as the study of critical conditions for liquid carrying, visualization of complex structure wells, simulation of flow patterns in high-temperature and high-pressure wells, observation of variable mass flow in horizontal wells, and reconstruction of flow fields using wire mesh probes, an integrated experimental device for high-yield water and gas wells has not yet been developed. The required device should be able to observe the flow patterns of gas and liquid in a transparent and adjustable wellbore test section, be able to stably control the pressure at the end of the test section through an outlet pressure controller to simulate wellhead pressure constraints, be able to simultaneously collect multi-source information such as pressure along the test section, flow rate, cross-sectional liquid holdup, and high-speed images, and continuously record the dynamic liquid carrying process under different operating conditions, thereby revealing the flow patterns and dynamic liquid carrying characteristics of high-yield water and gas wells more realistically.

[0010] Among the existing publicly available technologies, there are devices that can achieve angle adjustment, flow rate measurement, pressure testing, and local visualization observation of gas-liquid two-phase flow in wells. However, they are still mainly focused on scenarios such as general two-phase flow law research, horizontal well fluid carrying mechanism research, high-temperature and high-pressure flow state observation, or critical fluid carrying boundary determination.

[0011] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an experimental device to simulate the flow pattern and dynamic liquid carrying capacity of high-yield water and gas wells. Summary of the Invention

[0012] This invention provides, on the one hand, an experimental apparatus for simulating the flow patterns and dynamic liquid carrying capacity of high-yield water-gas wells, addressing key technical problems in existing experimental research on well flow and liquid carrying capacity in high-yield water-gas wells. Specifically, existing experimental apparatuses generally struggle to simultaneously achieve variable well inclination angle simulation, stable outlet pressure control, high-frequency liquid holdup measurement, synchronous pressure monitoring along the wellbore, and high-speed visual recording, thus limiting in-depth experimental research on the flow patterns and dynamic liquid carrying capacity of high-yield water-gas wells. Furthermore, it addresses the challenges of complex gas-liquid two-phase flow processes, significant unsteady flow, and the inability of traditional critical liquid carrying capacity concepts to fully characterize the actual liquid discharge process under conditions of high gas production and high water production in the later stages of high-yield water-gas well development. On the other hand, this invention provides an experimental method for simulating the flow patterns and dynamic liquid carrying capacity of high-yield water-gas wells.

[0013] The first aspect of the present invention provides an experimental device for simulating the flow law and dynamic liquid carrying of a high-yield water and gas well, including a gas supply component, a gas-liquid mixing device, a well simulation unit, a data acquisition and visualization unit, a pressure controller, a liquid supply unit, and a gas-liquid processing unit. The wellbore simulation unit includes a sliding rail type variable angle multiphase pipe flow simulation device and a visual tubing, wherein the visual tubing is made of transparent material; The data acquisition and visualization unit includes a wire mesh sensor, a flow / pressure measurement device group, a high-speed camera, and a data terminal; The gas-liquid mixing device is connected to the visualized oil pipe, the gas supply component and the liquid supply unit are respectively connected to the gas-liquid mixing device, and the gas-liquid processing unit is connected to the outlet end of the visualized oil pipe. The visualized tubing is installed on the sliding rail type variable angle multiphase pipe flow simulation device. The sliding rail type variable angle multiphase pipe flow simulation device is used to support and adjust the tilt angle of the visualized tubing, so that the visualized tubing can be adjusted and fixed in the range of vertical, inclined and near-horizontal working conditions. The wire mesh sensor is installed at a selected measurement section of the visualized oil pipe to measure the change in liquid holdup as the gas-liquid mixture flows through the flow section. The flow / pressure measurement equipment group is set at the inlet, along the pipe and at the outlet of the visualized oil pipe, and is used to continuously measure and record the gas-liquid flow and pressure parameters during the experiment. The pressure controller is located at the outlet end of the visualized tubing and is used to stably control the pressure at the end of the visualized tubing to simulate different wellhead pressure or outlet pressure constraints. The high-speed camera is deployed in the observation area outside the visualized oil pipe to continuously acquire images of the gas-liquid two-phase flow process inside the visualized oil pipe. The data terminal is connected to the wire mesh sensor, the flow / pressure measurement device group, the pressure controller, and the high-speed camera, respectively, and is used to synchronously receive, time-match, record, store, and export pressure, flow rate, liquid holdup, and flow images during the experiment.

[0014] The high-yield water and gas wellbore flow law and dynamic liquid carrying simulation experimental device, preferably, includes a sliding rail type variable angle multiphase pipe flow simulation device comprising a transverse sliding rail, a diagonal brace adjustment rod, and a longitudinal sliding rail. The lower end of the diagonal brace adjustment rod is slidably connected to the transverse sliding rail, and the upper end of the diagonal brace adjustment rod is slidably connected to the longitudinal sliding rail. The visualized tubing is installed on the diagonal brace adjustment rod. By adjusting and locking the relative positions of the upper and lower ends of the diagonal brace adjustment rod on the transverse and longitudinal sliding rails, the visualized tubing can achieve angle adjustment and stable fixation within the range of vertical, inclined, and near-horizontal working conditions.

[0015] Preferably, in the high-yield water and gas wellbore flow law and dynamic liquid carrying simulation experimental device, both ends of the bottom of the inclined brace adjustment rod and the contact end of the longitudinal slide rail and the transverse slide rail are provided with pulleys with locking mechanisms.

[0016] The high-yield water-gas wellbore flow law and dynamic liquid carrying simulation experimental device is preferably provided in which the gas supply component includes a gas cylinder, an air compressor and a gas flow control device connected in sequence. The gas cylinder provides gas, and the gas enters the gas flow control device after being pressurized or stabilized by the air compressor. The gas flow control device is connected to the gas-liquid mixing device.

[0017] The high-yield water and gas wellbore flow law and dynamic liquid carrying simulation experimental device is preferably provided in which the liquid supply unit includes a centrifugal pump and a liquid flow control device, the gas-liquid treatment unit, the centrifugal pump and the liquid flow control device are connected in sequence, the gas-liquid treatment unit is connected to the outlet end of the visualized oil pipe, the gas-liquid treatment unit provides liquid, the liquid is transported by the centrifugal pump and enters the liquid flow control device, and the liquid flow control device is connected to the gas-liquid mixing device.

[0018] The high-yield water-gas wellbore flow law and dynamic liquid carrying simulation experimental device, preferably, includes a gas-liquid treatment unit comprising a gas-liquid treatment tank, which includes a liquid outlet, a mixture inlet, a gas outlet, and a tank body. The tank body is respectively provided with the liquid outlet, the mixture inlet, and the gas outlet. The mixture inlet is connected to the outlet end of the visualized oil pipe. The gas outlet is used to discharge the treated gas. The liquid outlet is connected to the centrifugal pump and is used to discharge the treated liquid. The tank body is used to provide buffer and treatment space for the mixture flow.

[0019] The high-yield water and gas wellbore flow law and dynamic liquid carrying simulation experimental device, preferably, includes a gas-liquid mixing device comprising a liquid inlet, a mixed fluid outlet, a device body, and a gas inlet. The device body is provided with the liquid inlet, the mixed fluid outlet, and the gas inlet. The mixed fluid outlet is connected to the visualized tubing, and the gas flow control device is connected to the gas inlet. Gas enters the device body through the gas inlet. The liquid inlet is connected to the liquid flow control device, and liquid enters the device body through the liquid inlet. The device body has a mixing chamber structure. After the gas and liquid phases complete contact, shearing, and mixing inside the device body, they are output through the mixed fluid outlet and enter the visualized tubing.

[0020] The high-yield water and gas wellbore flow law and dynamic liquid carrying simulation experimental device, preferably, includes a wire mesh sensor comprising a signal processing component, a sensor body, a signal transmission port, and a wire mesh measuring element. The wire mesh measuring element is disposed inside the flow cross-section of the sensor body to sense changes in the distribution of the gas-liquid mixture on the cross-section. The signal processing component processes the raw response signal acquired by the wire mesh measuring element and converts it into an outputtable information signal. The signal transmission port transmits the processed signal to the data terminal in real time.

[0021] The second aspect of this invention provides a method for simulating the flow law and dynamic liquid carrying capacity of a high-yield water and gas well, including the aforementioned experimental apparatus for simulating the flow law and dynamic liquid carrying capacity of a high-yield water and gas well, specifically comprising the following steps: Select the diameter of the visualized tubing according to the target working conditions and adjust the slide rail type variable angle multiphase pipe flow simulation device so that the wellbore simulation unit is at the predetermined angle of the visualized tubing. Set the target gas flow rate for the gas flow control device, the target liquid flow rate for the liquid flow control device, and the target outlet pressure for the pressure controller; Start the air compressor, centrifugal pump, liquid outlet of the gas-liquid treatment tank and data terminal to allow the gas and liquid to enter the gas-liquid mixing device separately, forming a two-phase mixed flow that meets the experimental conditions in the gas-liquid mixing device; The two-phase mixed flow is introduced into the visualization tubing and flows under the conditions of set slope angle and set outlet pressure. The pressure and flow data, liquid holdup changes, flow images and pressure controller at the inlet, along the tubing and outlet positions are collected and recorded simultaneously using a flow / pressure measurement device group, a high-speed camera and a wire mesh sensor to achieve reliable monitoring of the pressure controller. After completing a set of operating condition experiments, at least one parameter among gas flow rate, liquid flow rate, inclination angle of the visualized tubing, pipe diameter, or outlet pressure is changed, and the experiment is repeated to obtain experimental data on the flow law and dynamic liquid carrying process of high-yield water and gas wells under different operating conditions.

[0022] The beneficial effects are: This invention, through the simulation system composed of the above-mentioned multi-component collaboration, realizes the simulation of the gas-liquid two-phase flow process in the wellbore of high-yield water-gas wells under different visualization tubing angles, different pipe diameters, different gas-liquid flow rates, and different outlet pressures, and can continuously acquire multi-source experimental data such as pressure, flow rate, liquid holdup, and high-speed images. Compared with existing technologies, this invention has at least the following advantages: First, by setting a pressure controller at the outlet end of the wellbore simulation unit, the outlet pressure of the experimental section can be stably controlled under laboratory conditions, which better meets the simulation requirements of wellhead pressure constraints for high-yield water and gas wells; Second, by integrating inlet and outlet positions, friction pressure measurement, inlet and outlet flow rate measurement, liquid holdup measurement, and high-speed visualization recording into the same experimental platform, and synchronously recording by a data terminal, multi-parameter coupled experimental data required for dynamic liquid carrying research can be obtained; Third, by combining a sliding rail-type variable angle multiphase pipe flow simulation device with a visualized tubing, comparative experiments on wellbore flow patterns under different well inclination angles and pipe diameters can be achieved; Fourth, this invention can stably simulate and continuously record the dynamic liquid carrying process of high-yield water and gas wells under unsteady flow conditions, providing experimental basis for subsequent research on dynamic liquid carrying mechanisms, summarization of experimental laws, and establishment of related models.

[0023] This invention integrates variable wellbore inclination angle simulation, outlet pressure stabilization control, cross-sectional liquid holdup measurement, inlet and outlet friction pressure measurement, inlet and outlet flow rate measurement, and high-speed visualization recording onto a single experimental platform. This enables the simulation and continuous experimental recording of the gas-liquid two-phase flow process in high-yield water-gas wells under different well inclination angles, pipe diameters, gas-liquid flow rates, and outlet pressures. Compared to existing experimental setups, this invention is more suitable for experimental research on the dynamic liquid-carrying process of high-yield water-gas wells under unsteady flow conditions, offering advantages such as a wide adjustable operating range, good experimental repeatability, rich data acquisition dimensions, and clearly defined applicable scenarios.

[0024] This invention enables simulation of gas-liquid two-phase flow under different wellbore inclination angles, pipe diameters, gas-liquid flow rates, and outlet pressures within a transparent and visualized wellbore. Through simultaneous recording of inlet, friction, and outlet pressure data, flow rate measurements at these locations, wire mesh liquid holdup measurements, and high-speed photography, multi-source experimental data are obtained, including flow pattern evolution, liquid holdup changes, pressure fluctuations, and liquid production response within the wellbore of high-yield water-gas wells. Its advantages include the ability to stably construct the outlet pressure boundary, continuous observation and experimental recording of the dynamic liquid-carrying process under unsteady flow conditions, good adjustability of operating conditions, experimental repeatability, and data integrity. It can be widely applied in fields such as the study of liquid accumulation mechanisms in high-yield water-gas wellbores, the establishment of dynamic liquid-carrying models, and the optimization of liquid drainage and gas production regimes. Addressing the key challenges of simultaneously achieving stable outlet pressure constraint, continuous observation of unsteady dynamic liquid carrying process, high-frequency measurement of cross-sectional liquid holdup, and synchronous acquisition of multiple parameters in existing technologies, the device of this invention achieves stable reproduction of the influence of wellhead pressure or end pressure on wellbore flow by constraining the outlet pressure. Furthermore, by synchronously acquiring inlet flow rate, outlet pressure, friction pressure, liquid holdup, and high-speed visual images, it provides an experimental basis for studying the wellbore flow law and dynamic liquid carrying process of high-yield water and gas wells. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a gas-liquid mixing device; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wire mesh sensor; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a sliding rail type variable angle multiphase pipe flow simulation device. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the gas-liquid processing tank.

[0026] In the picture: 1. Gas cylinders; 2. Air compressors; 3. Gas flow control equipment; 4. Gas-liquid mixing device; 4-1 Liquid inlet; 4-2 Mixed fluid outlet; 4-3 Main body of the device; 4-4 Gas inlet; 5. Sliding rail type variable angle multiphase pipe flow simulation device; 6. Visualized oil pipe; 7. Wire mesh sensor; 7-1. Signal processing components; 7-2. Sensor body; 7-3. Signal transmission port; 7-4. Wire mesh measuring component; 8. Flow / pressure measurement equipment set; 9. Pressure controller; 10. High-speed camera; 11. Data terminal; 12. Gas-liquid processing tank; 12-1. Liquid outlet; 12-2. Mixture inlet; 12-3. Gas outlet; 12-4. Tank body; 13. Centrifugal pump; 14. Liquid flow control equipment. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0028] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper" and "lower" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the system or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0029] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "setting," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0030] This invention provides an experimental apparatus for simulating the flow patterns and dynamic liquid carrying capacity of high-yield water-gas wells, addressing key technical issues in existing experimental research on wellbore flow and liquid carrying capacity in high-yield water-gas wells. Specifically, existing experimental apparatuses generally struggle to simultaneously achieve variable wellbore inclination angle simulation, stable outlet pressure control, high-frequency liquid holdup measurement, synchronous pressure monitoring along the wellbore, and high-speed visual recording, thus limiting in-depth experimental research on the flow patterns and dynamic liquid carrying capacity of high-yield water-gas wells. Furthermore, this invention addresses the challenges of complex gas-liquid two-phase flow processes, significant unsteady flow, and the inability of traditional critical liquid carrying capacity concepts to fully characterize the actual liquid discharge process under conditions of high gas production and high water production in the later stages of high-yield water-gas well development. Another aspect of this invention provides an experimental method for simulating the flow patterns and dynamic liquid carrying capacity of high-yield water-gas wells.

[0031] This invention discloses an experimental device for simulating the flow law and dynamic liquid carrying capacity of a high-yield water-gas wellbore, comprising a gas supply component, a gas-liquid mixing device, a wellbore simulation unit, a data acquisition and visualization unit, a pressure controller, a liquid supply unit, and a gas-liquid processing unit. The wellbore simulation unit includes a sliding-rail type variable-angle multiphase pipe flow simulation device and a visualized tubing. The data acquisition and visualization unit includes a wire mesh sensor, a flow / pressure measurement device group, a high-speed camera, and a data terminal. The gas-liquid mixing device is connected to the visualized tubing. The gas supply component and the liquid supply unit are respectively connected to the gas-liquid mixing device. The gas-liquid processing unit is connected to the outlet end of the visualized tubing. The visualized tubing is mounted on the sliding-rail type variable-angle multiphase pipe flow simulation device, which supports and adjusts the inclination angle of the visualized tubing, enabling it to flow within vertical, inclined, and near-horizontal operating conditions. The system includes: a line position adjustment and fixation mechanism; a wire mesh sensor installed at a selected measurement section of the visualized tubing to measure the change in liquid holdup as the gas-liquid mixture flows through the cross-section; a flow / pressure measurement device group positioned at the inlet, along the tubing, and at the outlet to continuously measure and record gas-liquid flow and pressure parameters during the experiment; a pressure controller positioned at the outlet of the visualized tubing to stably control the outlet pressure of the experimental section, simulating different wellhead pressures or outlet pressure constraints; a high-speed camera deployed in the observation area outside the visualized tubing to continuously acquire images of the gas-liquid two-phase flow process within the wellbore; and a data terminal connected to the wire mesh sensor, the flow / pressure measurement device group, and the high-speed camera to synchronously receive, time-match, record, store, and export pressure, flow, liquid holdup, and flow images during the experiment. This invention enables wellbore flow simulation under laboratory conditions with different well inclination angles, pipe diameters, gas-liquid flow rates, and outlet pressure constraints. It also features simultaneous acquisition and continuous recording of pressure, flow rate, liquid holdup, and high-speed images. This invention effectively supports experimental research on the dynamic liquid-carrying mechanism, wellbore flow pattern evolution, and related model establishment of high-yield water-gas wells, providing an experimental basis and technical support for research on liquid drainage and gas production in high-yield water-gas wells.

[0032] The following section uses a high-yield water and gas wellbore flow law and dynamic liquid carrying simulation experimental device as an example to illustrate the entire technical process in detail.

[0033] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a simulation experimental device for the flow law and dynamic liquid carrying of a high-yield water and gas wellbore includes a gas supply component, a gas-liquid mixing device 4, a wellbore simulation unit, a data acquisition and visualization unit, a pressure controller 9, a liquid supply unit, and a gas-liquid processing unit. The data acquisition and visualization unit includes a wire mesh sensor 7, a flow / pressure measurement device group 8, a high-speed camera 10, and a data terminal 11; The wellbore simulation unit includes a sliding rail type variable angle multiphase pipe flow simulation device 5 and a visual tubing 6. The sliding rail type variable angle multiphase pipe flow simulation device 5 is used to support and adjust the tilt angle of the visual tubing 6, so that it can be adjusted and stably fixed in the vertical, inclined and near-horizontal working conditions. It can simulate the gas-liquid two-phase flow process in the wellbore of high-yield water and gas wells under different well inclination angles.

[0034] The visualization tubing 6 is made of transparent pressure-resistant material and is used to simulate the gas-liquid two-phase flow process in the wellbore of a high-yield water-gas well. It also provides a visualization channel for experimental observation. By adjusting the well inclination angle and replacing the visualization tubing 6 with different inner diameters, the flow patterns and dynamic liquid carrying processes under different wellbore structure conditions can be simulated.

[0035] The gas-liquid mixing device 4 is connected to the visualization oil pipe 6. The gas supply component and the liquid supply unit are respectively connected to the gas-liquid mixing device 4. The gas-liquid processing unit is connected to the outlet end of the visualization oil pipe 6. The gas flow control device 3 is used to regulate and measure the gas flow rate entering the gas-liquid mixing device 4, thereby enabling experimental simulation under different gas injection conditions. Through the aforementioned gas supply unit, a continuous, stable, and adjustable gas input can be provided for high-yield water-gas wellbore simulation experiments.

[0036] The wire mesh sensor 7 is installed at a selected measurement section of the visualized oil pipe 6 to measure the change in liquid holdup as the gas-liquid mixture flows through the flow section; The flow / pressure measurement equipment group 8 is set at the inlet, along the flow path, and the outlet of the visualized oil pipe 6 to continuously measure and record the gas-liquid flow and pressure parameters during the experiment. Through the deployment of the above measurement equipment, flow characteristic data such as the pressure response along the flow path and the changes in inlet and outlet flow rates under different operating conditions of the visualized oil pipe 6 can be obtained, providing basic experimental data for subsequent research on dynamic liquid carrying behavior. Pressure controller 9 is located at the outlet end of the visualization tubing 6 to stabilize the pressure at the outlet end of the experimental section, thereby simulating different wellhead pressures or outlet pressure constraints. Pressure controller 9 is located downstream of the wellbore simulation unit. Its function is not to change the injection conditions at the inlet side of the gas-liquid mixing device 4, but to establish a stable and adjustable pressure boundary at the outlet side of the visualization tubing 6. By adjusting the set value of pressure controller 9, the influence of different outlet pressure constraints on the flow law and dynamic liquid carrying process of the visualization tubing 6 can be reproduced under laboratory conditions.

[0037] A high-speed camera 10 is deployed outside the observation area of ​​the visualization tubing 6 to continuously acquire images of the gas-liquid two-phase flow process inside the wellbore. Data terminal 11 is connected to wire mesh sensor 7, flow / pressure measurement device group 8, pressure controller 9, and high-speed camera 10, respectively. It is used for synchronous reception, time matching, data recording, storage, and export of pressure, flow rate, liquid holdup, and flow images during the experiment. Through the aforementioned data acquisition and visualization units, synchronous experimental recording of pressure, flow rate, liquid holdup, and flow images can be achieved. Data terminal 11 enables unified recording and management of multi-source experimental data, improving the integrity and usability of experimental data.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, the gas supply assembly includes a gas cylinder 1, an air compressor 2, and a gas flow control device 3 connected in sequence. The gas cylinder 1 provides gas, which is pressurized or stabilized by the air compressor 2 before entering the gas flow control device 3. The gas flow control device 3 is connected to a gas-liquid mixing device 4. The gas flow control device 3 is used to adjust and measure the gas flow rate entering the visualization oil pipe 6 to meet the gas phase injection requirements under different experimental conditions.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, the liquid supply unit includes a centrifugal pump 13 and a liquid flow control device 14. The gas-liquid processing unit, the centrifugal pump 13 and the liquid flow control device 14 are connected in sequence. The gas-liquid processing unit is connected to the outlet end of the visible oil pipe 6. The gas-liquid processing unit provides liquid. After being transported by the centrifugal pump 13, the liquid enters the liquid flow control device 14. The liquid flow control device 14 is connected to the gas-liquid mixing device 4.

[0040] The liquid supply unit includes a centrifugal pump 13 and a liquid flow control device 14. The centrifugal pump 13 is used to deliver liquid to the gas-liquid mixing device 4, and the liquid flow control device 14 is used to adjust and measure the liquid flow rate entering the gas-liquid mixing device 4, thereby realizing experimental simulation under different liquid production conditions. The liquid supply unit can form a circulating liquid path with the gas-liquid processing unit to carry out continuous or repeated experiments, thereby improving experimental efficiency and repeatability of operating conditions.

[0041] like Figure 4As shown, the sliding rail type variable angle multiphase pipe flow simulation device 5 includes a transverse sliding rail 5-1, a diagonal brace adjustment rod 5-2, and a longitudinal sliding rail 5-3. The lower end of the diagonal brace adjustment rod 5-2 is slidably engaged with the transverse sliding rail 5-1, and the upper end of the diagonal brace adjustment rod 5-2 is slidably engaged with the longitudinal sliding rail 5-3. The visualized tubing 6 is installed on the diagonal brace adjustment rod 5-2. During adjustment, the locking state of the sliding connection is released, and the sliding connection positions at both ends of the diagonal brace adjustment rod 5-2 are moved along the transverse sliding rail 5-1 and the longitudinal sliding rail 5-3, so that the diagonal brace adjustment rod 5-2 forms a predetermined angle relative to the transverse direction, thereby driving the visualized tubing 6 to synchronously adjust to the corresponding well inclination angle; after reaching the predetermined angle, the sliding connection is locked to ensure that the spatial attitude of the visualized tubing 6 remains stable during the experiment.

[0042] The diagonal brace adjustment rod 5-2 has pulleys with locking mechanisms at both ends of its bottom and at the contact ends of the longitudinal slide rail 5-3 and the transverse slide rail 5-1. These pulleys with locking mechanisms are existing technology; for example, existing technology includes universal wheels with locking functions at the bottom of suitcases or office chairs.

[0043] like Figure 5 As shown, the gas-liquid processing unit includes a gas-liquid processing tank 12, which is located downstream of the pressure controller 9 and is used to collect, buffer, process, or separate the gas-liquid mixture stream discharged from the experiment. The gas-liquid processing tank 12 includes a liquid outlet 12-1, a mixture inlet 12-2, a gas outlet 12-3, and a tank body 12-4. The tank body 12-4 is respectively provided with the liquid outlet 12-1, the mixture inlet 12-2, and the gas outlet 12-3. The mixture inlet 12-2 is connected to the outlet end of the visible oil pipe 6. The gas outlet 12-3 is used to discharge the processed gas. The liquid outlet 12-1 is connected to the centrifugal pump 13 and is used to discharge the processed liquid. The tank body 12-4 provides buffering and processing space for the mixture stream. When a cyclic experiment is required, the liquid discharged from the liquid outlet 12-1 can re-enter the centrifugal pump 13 and the liquid flow control device 14, thereby forming a liquid circulation loop to support continuous or repeated experiments.

[0044] like Figure 2As shown, the gas and liquid are respectively controlled and transported to the gas-liquid mixing device 4, forming a two-phase mixed flow under a predetermined gas-liquid ratio before entering the visible oil pipe 6. The gas-liquid mixing device 4 includes a liquid inlet 4-1, a mixed fluid outlet 4-2, a device body 4-3, and a gas inlet 4-4. The device body 4-3 is equipped with a liquid inlet 4-1, a mixed fluid outlet 4-2, and a gas inlet 4-4. The mixed fluid outlet 4-2 is connected to the visualization tubing 6. The gas flow control device 3 is connected to the gas inlet 4-4. Gas enters the device body 4-3 through the gas inlet 4-4. The liquid inlet 4-1 is connected to the liquid flow control device 14. Liquid enters the device body 4-3 through the liquid inlet 4-1. The device body 4-3 is a mixing chamber structure, which is used to improve the mixing uniformity and input stability of the gas and liquid phases before entering the visualization tubing 6. It is also used to improve the stability and consistency of the two-phase flow input conditions before entering the wellbore simulation unit, thereby ensuring the controllability and repeatability of the inlet conditions between different experimental conditions. After the gas and liquid phases complete contact, shearing, and mixing inside the device body 4-3, the mixed two-phase flow is output through the mixed fluid outlet 4-2 and enters the visualization tubing 6.

[0045] like Figure 3 As shown, the wire mesh sensor 7 includes a signal processing component 7-1, a sensor body 7-2, a signal transmission port 7-3, and a wire mesh measuring element 7-4. The wire mesh measuring element 7-4 is located inside the sensor body 7-2 at the flow cross-section position, used to sense changes in the distribution of the gas-liquid mixture on the cross-section. The signal processing component 7-1 processes the raw response signal acquired by the wire mesh measuring element 7-4 and converts it into an outputtable information signal. The signal transmission port 7-3 transmits the processed signal to the data terminal 11 in real time. With this structure, continuous measurement and real-time transmission of the change in the liquid holdup of the cross-section of the tubing 6 can be achieved.

[0046] Example 2 A method for simulating the flow pattern and dynamic liquid carrying capacity of a high-yield water-gas well, comprising the experimental apparatus for simulating the flow pattern and dynamic liquid carrying capacity of a high-yield water-gas well as described in Example 1, specifically including the following steps: S1: Select the diameter of the visualized tubing 6 according to the target working conditions and adjust the sliding rail type variable angle multiphase pipe flow simulation device 5 so that the wellbore simulation unit is at the predetermined angle of the visualized tubing 6.

[0047] Specifically, based on the target experimental conditions, the diameter of the visualized oil pipe 6 is selected, and the sliding rail type variable angle multiphase pipe flow simulation device 5 is adjusted so that the visualized oil pipe 6 is in a predetermined oblique angle position. At the same time, the working status of each pipeline connection, each measuring device and data terminal 11 is checked to ensure that the experimental system is sealed reliably and the signal transmission is normal.

[0048] S2: Set the target gas flow rate of gas flow control device 3, the target liquid flow rate of liquid flow control device 14, and the target outlet pressure of pressure controller 9.

[0049] S3: Start the air compressor 2, centrifugal pump 13, liquid outlet 12-1 of gas-liquid treatment tank 12 and data terminal 11, so that gas and liquid enter the gas-liquid mixing device 4 respectively to form a gas-liquid two-phase mixed flow.

[0050] Specifically, gas enters the main body 4-3 of the device through gas inlet 4-4, and liquid enters the main body 4-3 of the device through liquid inlet 4-1. After mixing is completed in the main body 4-3, the mixture enters the visible oil pipe 6 through the mixed fluid outlet 4-2.

[0051] S4: The gas-liquid two-phase mixed flow obtained in step S3 is introduced into the visualization oil pipe 6. Under the set angle and set outlet pressure conditions of the visualization oil pipe 6, the flow is collected and recorded synchronously by the flow / pressure measurement equipment group 8, high-speed camera 10 and wire mesh sensor 7 at the inlet, along the pipe and outlet positions of the visualization oil pipe 6 during the experiment, as well as the pressure and flow data, liquid holdup changes, flow images and pressure controller 9.

[0052] Specifically, the formed gas-liquid two-phase mixture is made to flow along the visualized oil pipe 6 under a set angle and a set outlet pressure. During the experiment, the flow / pressure measurement device group 8 continuously collects pressure and flow data at the inlet, along the pipe, and at the outlet of the visualized oil pipe 6; the wire mesh sensor 7 continuously collects data on the change in liquid holdup at the flow cross section; the high-speed camera 10 continuously collects images of the gas-liquid two-phase flow within the visualized oil pipe 6; and the data terminal 11 synchronously records and stores the information collected by the flow / pressure measurement device group 8, the wire mesh sensor 7, and the high-speed camera 10. Simultaneously, it enables safeguard monitoring of the pressure controller 9.

[0053] Preferably, the flow / pressure measurement device group 8 includes 5 pressure gauges and 5 flow meters, which are respectively installed at the inlet, along the pipe and the outlet of the visualized oil pipe 6, for continuous measurement and recording of pressure and flow parameters during the experiment.

[0054] Specifically, the gas-liquid two-phase mixture flows out through the visualization oil pipe 6 and enters the pressure controller 9. Under the action of the pressure controller 9, the set outlet pressure boundary is maintained, and then it enters the gas-liquid treatment tank 12. The gas-liquid treatment tank 12 buffers and processes the discharged mixture flow. The gas is discharged from the gas outlet 12-3, and the liquid is discharged from the liquid outlet 12-1. When a cycle experiment is required, the liquid can be transported back to the liquid supply unit to form a closed liquid circuit.

[0055] S5: After completing a set of operating condition experiments, change at least one parameter among the following: gas flow rate, liquid flow rate, inclination angle of the visualized tubing 6, pipe diameter, or outlet pressure. Repeat steps S3 to S5 to obtain experimental data on the wellbore flow patterns and dynamic liquid carrying process of high-yield water-gas wells under different operating conditions. Depending on the experimental plan, parameters such as the inclination angle of the visualized tubing 6, gas flow rate, liquid flow rate, pipe diameter of the visualized tubing 6, and outlet pressure can be changed individually or in combination to construct different simulated operating conditions. Through multiple sets of comparative experiments, the effects of outlet pressure, well inclination angle, pipe diameter, and gas-liquid input conditions on the wellbore flow patterns and dynamic liquid carrying process can be studied.

[0056] Example 3 The pressure data, flow data, liquid holdup data, and high-speed image data obtained during the experiment of Example 2 were organized, archived, and compared and analyzed to conduct research on the flow law of high-yield water and gas wells, dynamic liquid carrying process, and the establishment of related models.

[0057] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental device for simulating the flow law and dynamic liquid carrying capacity of a high-yield water and gas wellbore, characterized in that, It includes a gas supply component, a gas-liquid mixing device (4), a wellbore simulation unit, a data acquisition and visualization unit, a pressure controller (9), a liquid supply unit, and a gas-liquid processing unit; The wellbore simulation unit includes a sliding rail type variable angle multiphase pipe flow simulation device (5) and a visual oil pipe (6), wherein the visual oil pipe (6) is made of transparent material; The data acquisition and visualization unit includes a wire mesh sensor (7), a flow / pressure measurement device group (8), a high-speed camera (10), and a data terminal (11). The gas-liquid mixing device (4) is connected to the visualized oil pipe (6), the gas supply component and the liquid supply unit are respectively connected to the gas-liquid mixing device (4), and the gas-liquid processing unit is connected to the outlet end of the visualized oil pipe (6). The visualized oil pipe (6) is installed on the sliding rail type variable angle multiphase pipe flow simulation device (5). The sliding rail type variable angle multiphase pipe flow simulation device (5) is used to support and adjust the tilt angle of the visualized oil pipe (6), so that the visualized oil pipe (6) can be adjusted and fixed in the vertical, tilted and near-horizontal working conditions. The wire mesh sensor (7) is installed at a selected measurement section of the visualization oil pipe (6) to measure the change in liquid holdup information when the gas-liquid mixture flows through the flow section; The flow / pressure measurement device group (8) is set at the inlet, along the path and outlet of the visualization oil pipe (6) for continuous measurement and recording of gas-liquid flow and pressure parameters during the experiment. The pressure controller (9) is located at the outlet end of the visualization tubing (6) and is used to stably control the pressure at the end of the visualization tubing (6) to simulate different wellhead pressure or outlet pressure constraints. The high-speed camera (10) is deployed in the observation area outside the visualization oil pipe (6) to continuously acquire images of the gas-liquid two-phase flow process inside the visualization oil pipe (6); The data terminal (11) is connected to the wire mesh sensor (7), the flow / pressure measurement device group (8), the pressure controller (9) and the high-speed camera (10) respectively, and is used to synchronously receive, time-match, record, store and export the pressure, flow rate, liquid holdup and flow images during the experiment.

2. The experimental device for simulating the flow law and dynamic liquid carrying capacity of a high-yield water and gas wellbore according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slide rail type variable angle multiphase pipe flow simulation device (5) includes a transverse slide rail (5-1), a diagonal brace adjustment rod (5-2), and a longitudinal slide rail (5-3). The lower end of the diagonal brace adjustment rod (5-2) is slidably connected to the transverse slide rail (5-1), and the upper end of the diagonal brace adjustment rod (5-2) is slidably connected to the longitudinal slide rail (5-3). The visualized oil pipe (6) is installed on the diagonal brace adjustment rod (5-2). By adjusting and locking the relative positions of the upper and lower ends of the diagonal brace adjustment rod (5-2) on the transverse slide rail (5-1) and the longitudinal slide rail (5-3), the visualized oil pipe (6) can achieve angle adjustment and stable fixation within the range of vertical, inclined, and near-horizontal working conditions.

3. The experimental device for simulating the flow law and dynamic liquid carrying capacity of a high-yield water and gas wellbore according to claim 2, characterized in that, Both ends of the bottom of the diagonal brace adjusting rod (5-2) and the contact end between the longitudinal slide rail (5-3) and the transverse slide rail (5-1) are provided with pulleys with locking mechanisms.

4. The experimental device for simulating the flow law and dynamic liquid carrying capacity of a high-yield water and gas wellbore according to claim 3, characterized in that, The gas supply assembly includes a gas cylinder (1), an air compressor (2), and a gas flow control device (3) connected in sequence. The gas cylinder (1) provides gas, which is pressurized or stabilized by the air compressor (2) before entering the gas flow control device (3). The gas flow control device (3) is connected to the gas-liquid mixing device (4).

5. The experimental device for simulating the flow law and dynamic liquid carrying capacity of a high-yield water and gas wellbore according to claim 4, characterized in that, The liquid supply unit includes a centrifugal pump (13) and a liquid flow control device (14). The gas-liquid processing unit, the centrifugal pump (13) and the liquid flow control device (14) are connected in sequence. The gas-liquid processing unit is connected to the outlet end of the visible oil pipe (6). The gas-liquid processing unit provides liquid. The liquid is transported by the centrifugal pump (13) and then enters the liquid flow control device (14). The liquid flow control device (14) is connected to the gas-liquid mixing device (4).

6. The experimental device for simulating the flow law and dynamic liquid carrying capacity of a high-yield water and gas wellbore according to claim 5, characterized in that, The gas-liquid processing unit includes the gas-liquid processing tank (12), which includes a liquid outlet (12-1), a mixture inlet (12-2), a gas outlet (12-3), and a tank body (12-4). The tank body (12-4) is provided with the liquid outlet (12-1), the mixture inlet (12-2), and the gas outlet (12-3). The mixture inlet (12-2) is connected to the outlet end of the visible oil pipe (6). The gas outlet (12-3) is used to discharge the processed gas. The liquid outlet (12-1) is connected to the centrifugal pump (13) and is used to discharge the processed liquid. The tank body (12-4) is used to provide a buffer and processing space for the mixture flow.

7. The experimental device for simulating the flow law and dynamic liquid carrying capacity of a high-yield water and gas wellbore according to claim 6, characterized in that, The gas-liquid mixing device (4) includes a liquid inlet (4-1), a mixed fluid outlet (4-2), a device body (4-3), and a gas inlet (4-4). The device body (4-3) is provided with the liquid inlet (4-1), the mixed fluid outlet (4-2), and the gas inlet (4-4). The mixed fluid outlet (4-2) is connected to the visualization oil pipe (6). The gas flow control device (3) is connected to the gas inlet (4-4). Gas enters the device body (4-3) through the gas inlet (4-4). The liquid inlet (4-1) is connected to the liquid flow control device (14). Liquid enters the device body (4-3) through the liquid inlet (4-1). The device body (4-3) is a mixing chamber structure. After the gas and liquid phases complete contact, shearing, and mixing inside the device body (4-3), they are output through the mixed fluid outlet (4-2) and enter the visualization oil pipe (6).

8. The experimental apparatus for simulating the flow law and dynamic liquid carrying capacity of high-yield water and gas wells according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The wire mesh sensor (7) includes a signal processing component (7-1), a sensor body (7-2), a signal transmission port (7-3), and a wire mesh measuring component (7-4). The wire mesh measuring component (7-4) is disposed inside the sensor body (7-2) at the flow cross-section position and is used to sense the distribution change of the gas-liquid mixture on the cross-section. The signal processing component (7-1) is used to process the raw response signal acquired by the wire mesh measuring component (7-4) and convert it into an output information signal. The signal transmission port (7-3) is used to transmit the processed signal to the data terminal (11) in real time.

9. A simulation method for the flow law and dynamic liquid carrying capacity of a high-yield water and gas wellbore, characterized in that, The experimental apparatus for simulating the flow pattern and dynamic liquid carrying capacity of a high-yield water-gas well as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 specifically includes the following steps: Select the diameter of the visualization tubing (6) according to the target working conditions and adjust the sliding rail type variable angle multiphase pipe flow simulation device (5) so that the wellbore simulation unit is at the predetermined angle of the visualization tubing (6); Set the target gas flow rate of the gas flow control device (3), the target liquid flow rate of the liquid flow control device (14), and the target outlet pressure of the pressure controller (9); Start the air compressor (2), centrifugal pump (13), liquid outlet (12-1) of gas-liquid treatment tank (12) and data terminal (11) to allow gas and liquid to enter the gas-liquid mixing device (4) respectively, and form a two-phase mixed flow that meets the experimental conditions in the gas-liquid mixing device (4); The two-phase mixed flow is introduced into the visualization tubing (6), and flows under the conditions of setting the angle of the visualization tubing (6) and setting the outlet pressure. The pressure and flow data, liquid holdup changes, flow images and pressure controller (9) at the inlet, along the flow path and outlet of the visualization tubing (6) are collected and recorded synchronously using the flow / pressure measurement equipment group (8), high-speed camera (10) and wire mesh sensor (7) during the experiment. After completing a set of working condition experiments, change at least one of the parameters of gas flow rate, liquid flow rate, inclination angle of the visualized tubing (6), pipe diameter or outlet pressure, and repeat the experiment to obtain experimental data on the flow law and dynamic liquid carrying process of high-yield water and gas wells under different working conditions.

Images