A method and system for adaptive control of active power ramp rate

Abstract

This invention discloses an adaptive control method and system for active power ramp rate, belonging to the field of new energy power system control technology. It addresses the problem that traditional control strategies in weak grid environments only consider the short-circuit ratio while ignoring impedance characteristic differences. The method includes real-time acquisition of grid node parameters to calculate the short-circuit ratio; calculation of a dynamic stability index including a control bandwidth limitation coefficient and a dynamic response delay coefficient based on the impedance ratio; construction of a voltage sensitivity model based on the short-circuit ratio; and adaptive generation of differentiated ramp rate commands for different regions. This invention explicitly utilizes grid impedance characteristics to correct the control bandwidth, significantly improving ramp efficiency in resistive weak grids through physical damping, and automatically tightening the bandwidth to ensure stability in inductive weak grids. This method effectively solves the contradiction between voltage instability and limited regulation capacity caused by grid strength differences within new energy bases, significantly improving the system's robustness and absorption capacity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy power system control technology, specifically to an adaptive control method and system for active power ramp rate. Background Technology

[0002] With the advancement of the "dual carbon" target, numerous new energy bases have emerged in many regions. These bases generally employ multi-stage voltage boosting and flexible direct current transmission (VSC-HVDC) technologies for long-distance power transmission. However, the vast electrical distances have resulted in multiple regions within these bases exhibiting significant differences in short-circuit ratio (SCR), exposing numerous shortcomings of existing technologies in actual operation.

[0003] First, in weak grid environments with low short-circuit ratios, the power regulation of inverter-driven power sources (IBRs) such as wind and solar power suffers from severe coupling issues with grid voltage. Rapid power changes can easily trigger voltage instability, threatening grid security.

[0004] Secondly, when the receiving-end power grid requires emergency power support, existing active power ramping control strategies typically employ a uniform ramping rate, failing to consider the differences in voltage support capabilities across regions with varying short-circuit ratios. This results in near-field equipment with high short-circuit ratios failing to fully utilize its rapid support capabilities (ramping too slowly), while far-field equipment with low short-circuit ratios is prone to voltage over-limiting or even collapse due to ramping too quickly.

[0005] In addition, the existing emergency control system lacks coordination. When issuing power commands, it does not perform differentiated control for the sending-end renewable energy clusters, making it difficult to ensure voltage stability at the sending end while meeting the support needs of the receiving end.

[0006] In view of this, there is an urgent need to provide an adaptive control scheme for the active power ramp rate to solve the above-mentioned problems and achieve rapid active power support while ensuring the stability of the sending-end voltage. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention proposes an adaptive control method and system for active power ramp rate to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] An adaptive control method for active power ramp rate, the method comprising:

[0010] The electrical parameters of the power grid nodes in the new energy base are collected in real time. The electrical parameters include short-circuit capacity and rated capacity. The short-circuit ratio of each power grid node is calculated.

[0011] The dynamic stability index of each power grid node is calculated based on the short-circuit ratio and impedance characteristics of each power grid node. The dynamic stability index includes the control bandwidth limitation coefficient and the dynamic response delay coefficient.

[0012] Historical operating data of electrical parameters and voltage sensitivity to active power of power grid nodes in new energy bases are extracted. A voltage sensitivity model based on short-circuit ratio is constructed and trained. The active power ramp rate limit of each power grid node is determined in combination with the dynamic stability index.

[0013] Extract the operating status of the power system, combine it with the active power ramp rate limit, generate a zone-differentiated ramp rate command, and adjust the active power output.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the adaptive control method for active power ramp rate in this invention, the specific implementation process for calculating the short-circuit ratio of each power grid node includes:

[0015] The short-circuit ratio of each power grid node is calculated based on the electrical parameters of the power grid nodes in the new energy base collected in real time. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0016] ;

[0017] in, Let m be the short-circuit ratio of the m-th power grid node in the new energy base. Let m be the short-circuit capacity of the m-th power grid node in the new energy base. Let m be the rated capacity of the m-th power grid node in the new energy base.

[0018] Based on the short-circuit ratio of each power grid node, the power grid nodes are divided into regions, including near zone, middle zone, and far zone. The division rules include:

[0019] When the short-circuit ratio of grid node i is greater than the first grid threshold, grid node i is classified as a near zone;

[0020] When the short-circuit ratio of grid node i is greater than or equal to the second grid threshold and less than the first grid threshold, grid node i is classified as the middle zone.

[0021] When the short-circuit ratio of grid node i is less than the second grid threshold, grid node i is classified as a far zone.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the adaptive control method for active power ramp rate in this invention, the calculation of the dynamic stability index of each power grid node specifically includes:

[0023] In a weak power grid environment, the control bandwidth tightens as the grid strength decreases, where grid strength is the short-circuit ratio. The control bandwidth limitation coefficient for each grid node is calculated based on its short-circuit ratio and impedance characteristics. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0024] ;

[0025] in, Let m be the control bandwidth limitation coefficient for the m-th power grid node. As the benchmark coefficient, The impedance ratio influence coefficient. Let be the impedance ratio of the m-th power grid node;

[0026] It should be noted that under weak power grid conditions, the characteristic roots of the system shift towards the imaginary axis, resulting in reduced damping and extended adjustment time in the closed-loop system. The dynamic response delay coefficient quantifies the hysteresis of control command transmission and execution under weak power grid conditions.

[0027] The dynamic response delay coefficient of each power grid node is calculated based on the short-circuit ratio of each node. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0028] ;

[0029] in, c1 is the dynamic response delay coefficient of the m-th power grid node, and c2 is the delay correction coefficient.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment of the adaptive control method for active power ramp rate in this invention, the specific implementation process of determining the active power ramp rate limit for each power grid node includes:

[0031] The voltage change at a grid node is proportional to the product of injected power and node impedance. Historical operating data on the electrical parameters and voltage sensitivity to active power of grid nodes in new energy bases are extracted. A voltage sensitivity model based on the short-circuit ratio is constructed and trained. The electrical parameters of the grid nodes are input, and the voltage sensitivity to active power is output. The model formula for the voltage sensitivity model is: ;

[0032] in, SCR is the voltage sensitivity to active power, and SCR is the short-circuit ratio of a grid node. , The fitting coefficients are denoted as k1 and k2. The voltage sensitivity model can be constructed based on least squares regression. First, by collecting historical PV curves of the new energy power station access points under different operating conditions, the measured sensitivity samples are calculated. Then, using 1 / SCR as the input feature, the fitting coefficients k1 and k2 are determined by minimizing the sum of squared observation residuals.

[0033] Based on the dynamic stability index and the voltage sensitivity model, the active power ramp rate limit for each grid node is calculated, including the active power upward ramp rate limit. and active power downhill rate limit The calculation formula is:

[0034]

[0035]

[0036] in, For node voltage, and Let be the upper and lower limits of the voltage, and the voltage of the m-th grid node. This is the lower limit of voltage. This is the upper limit of the voltage. As the baseline climbing rate, Let be the sensitivity of voltage to active power in the m-th grid node.

[0037] Rateup limits for both uphill and downhill climbs m and Ratedown m The voltage dead zone range (Umax-U) m or U m -Umin) is converted into the allowable variation range of active power, and corrected by the delay factor KDm to ensure that power adjustment will not cause voltage over-limit.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment of the adaptive control method for active power ramp rate in this invention, the specific implementation process of generating zone-differentiated ramp rate commands and adjusting the active power output includes:

[0039] The basic ramp rate for renewable energy bases is extracted based on the operating status of the power system. The operating status of the power system includes normal operation and emergency operation. The operating status refers to the overall macro-dispatch environment or frequency regulation requirements faced by the renewable energy base, which is uniform across all nodes within the same control cycle and can be provided by dispatch. However, under the same system state, by introducing node-specific short-circuit ratios (SCRm) and voltage deviations ΔUm, the globally uniform 'basic ramp requirement' is transformed into 'regionally differentiated execution instructions'. This ensures that while meeting the overall power regulation requirements of the network, local voltage instability is not caused by differences in the physical performance of individual nodes, achieving a balance between global optimization and local safety.

[0040] Based on the voltage deviation at each power grid node, the voltage safety margin factor for each power grid node is calculated using the following formula:

[0041] β Um =1-|ΔU m | / ΔU max ;

[0042] Where, β Um Let ΔU be the voltage safety margin factor for the m-th grid node. m Let ΔU be the voltage deviation at the m-th grid node. max The maximum allowable voltage deviation;

[0043] Based on the basic ramp rate in the new energy base and the voltage safety margin coefficient of each grid node, the active power ramp rate of each grid node is calculated, and a zone-differentiated ramp rate command is generated. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0044] ; Ratecmd m Ratemode is the active power ramp rate of the m-th grid node, which is the base ramp rate and takes the corresponding value from the active power upward ramp rate limit or the active power downward ramp rate limit.

[0045] When the power system is in emergency operation mode, the following steps are performed: When a fault is detected at the receiving end of the power system, an emergency power demand is sent to the sending-end renewable energy cluster controller via the flexible DC emergency power controller; the sending-end renewable energy cluster controller allocates the active power support for each region based on the emergency power demand and the ramp rate instructions for each region. The following calculation formula is used in the allocation of active power support for each region: ΔP m =ΔP demand ×(Ratecmd m ×P n,m ) / Σ(Ratecmd j ×P n,j ), ΔP m The active power support provided to the m-th grid node, ΔP demand For urgent power needs, Ratecmd m Let P be the active power ramp rate of the m-th grid node. n,m Let Σ(Ratecmd) represent the rated total power of all renewable energy power generation equipment at the m-th grid node, where n is the total amount of renewable energy power generation equipment at the m-th grid node. j ×P n,j The ramp-up capacity is the weighted capacity of all grid nodes; whereby the active power support of each grid node satisfies the power support constraint, which is: ΔP m ≤(P max,m -P m ), P max,mLet P be the maximum transmittable power of the m-th power grid node. m Let m be the current power of the m-th grid node;

[0046] The renewable energy generation equipment at each grid node adjusts its active power output according to the received differentiated ramp rate commands. The adjustment formula is as follows:

[0047] ; Where Pref(t) is the active power output value at the current time t, Pref(t-1) is the active power output value at the previous time t-1, and Ratecmd m Let α be the active power ramp rate of the m-th grid node, Δt be the control period, and α be the active power ramp rate. filter Let α be the filter coefficient. filter =min{1,SCR m / SCRref}, where SCRref is the reference short-circuit ratio.

[0048] This achieves optimized resource allocation within the cluster: stations in areas with strong power grids can obtain higher ramp rate commands due to their low sensitivity and large margin, thus playing a leading role in system frequency regulation or power balance; while stations at the weak edge of the power grid are protected to avoid local voltage instability caused by participating in global regulation.

[0049] As a preferred embodiment of the adaptive control method for active power ramp rate in this invention, it further includes continuously monitoring the voltage change rate and voltage deviation of each grid node; and executing a ramp rate command derating strategy when any triggering condition is met.

[0050] The triggering conditions include:

[0051] |dU / dt|>(dU / dt) threshold |dU / dt| is the rate of change of voltage, (dU / dt) threshold The voltage change rate threshold;

[0052] |ΔU|>ΔU threshold |ΔU| represents the voltage deviation, ΔU threshold This is the voltage deviation threshold.

[0053] The ramp rate command derating strategy includes calculating the adjusted active power ramp rate of each grid node based on the voltage change rate, voltage deviation, and active power ramp rate of each grid node. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0054] C Ratecmd,m =Ratecmd m ×[1-λ×max{|dU / dt| / (dU / dt) threshold -a}];

[0055] Among them, C Ratecmd,m Let λ be the active power ramp rate of the m-th grid node after adjustment, λ be the derating factor, and a be a constant, taking values ​​of 1 and 0. When a=1, it is mainly used in strong grids or normal dispatch scenarios. In this case, the system only intervenes when the voltage change rate exceeds the safety threshold, aiming to ensure the maximum flexibility of renewable energy output and avoid unnecessary power reduction. When a=0, it is mainly used in weak grids (SCR < 2) or system transient processes. In this mode, the system achieves a 'zero dead zone' response to voltage fluctuations, reducing the ramp rate in real time through a feedforward compensation mechanism, fundamentally eliminating the risk of the voltage change rate touching the threshold, and ensuring the reliability of system operation under high penetration rates.

[0056] The ramp rate command of the grid node is updated based on the adjusted active power ramp rate of the grid node.

[0057] An adaptive control system for active power ramp rate, comprising a data acquisition module, a dynamic stability analysis module, a ramp rate limit calculation module, and a command generation and active power output module;

[0058] The data acquisition module is used to collect electrical parameters of the power grid nodes in the new energy base in real time. The electrical parameters include short-circuit capacity and rated capacity. The short-circuit ratio of each power grid node is calculated based on the ratio of short-circuit capacity to rated capacity.

[0059] The dynamic stability analysis module is used to calculate the dynamic stability index of each power grid node based on the short-circuit ratio and impedance characteristics of each power grid node. The dynamic stability index includes the control bandwidth limitation coefficient and the dynamic response delay coefficient.

[0060] The ramp rate limit calculation module is used to extract historical operating data of electrical parameters and voltage sensitivity to active power of grid nodes in the new energy base, construct and train a voltage sensitivity model based on short-circuit ratio, and determine the active power ramp rate limit of each grid node in combination with the dynamic stability index.

[0061] The instruction generation and active power output module is used to extract the operating status of the power system, combine it with the active power ramp rate limit, generate regionally differentiated ramp rate instructions, and adjust the active power output.

[0062] As a preferred embodiment of the adaptive control system for active power ramp rate in this invention, the dynamic stability analysis module includes:

[0063] The control bandwidth limitation factor for each power grid node is calculated based on its short-circuit ratio and impedance characteristics. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0064] ;

[0065] in, Let m be the control bandwidth limitation coefficient for the m-th power grid node. As the benchmark coefficient, The impedance ratio influence coefficient. Let be the impedance ratio of the m-th power grid node;

[0066] The dynamic response delay coefficient of each power grid node is calculated based on the short-circuit ratio of each node. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0067] ;

[0068] in, c1 is the dynamic response delay coefficient of the m-th power grid node, and c2 is the delay correction coefficient.

[0069] As a preferred embodiment of the adaptive control system for active power ramp rate in this invention, the ramp rate limit calculation module includes: extracting historical operating data of electrical parameters and voltage sensitivity to active power of grid nodes in the new energy base; constructing and training a voltage sensitivity model based on short-circuit ratio; inputting the electrical parameters of the grid nodes; and outputting the voltage sensitivity to active power. The model formula is as follows:

[0070] ;

[0071] in, The sensitivity of voltage to active power. , These are the fitting coefficients;

[0072] Based on the dynamic stability index and the voltage sensitivity model, the active power ramp rate limit for each grid node is calculated, including the active power upward ramp rate limit. and active power downhill rate limit The calculation formula is:

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] in, For node voltage, and Let be the upper and lower limits of the voltage, and the voltage of the m-th grid node. This is the lower limit of voltage. This is the upper limit of the voltage. As the baseline climbing rate, Let be the sensitivity of voltage to active power in the m-th grid node.

[0076] As a preferred embodiment of the adaptive control system for active power ramp rate in this invention, the instruction generation and active power output module includes an instruction generation unit, an active power output unit, and an instruction update unit:

[0077] The instruction generation unit extracts the basic ramp rate in the new energy base based on the operating status of the power system.

[0078] Based on the voltage deviation at each power grid node, the voltage safety margin factor for each power grid node is calculated using the following formula:

[0079] β Um =1-|ΔU m | / ΔU max ;

[0080] Where, β Um Let ΔU be the voltage safety margin factor for the m-th grid node. m Let ΔU be the voltage deviation at the m-th grid node. max The maximum allowable voltage deviation;

[0081] Based on the basic ramp rate in the new energy base and the voltage safety margin coefficient of each grid node, the active power ramp rate of each grid node is calculated, and a zone-differentiated ramp rate command is generated. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0082] ; Ratecmd m Let Ratemode be the active power ramp rate of the m-th grid node, and Ratemode be the base ramp rate.

[0083] The active power output unit is used by the new energy power generation equipment at each grid node to adjust its active power output according to the received differentiated ramp rate command. The adjustment formula is as follows:

[0084] ; Where Pref(t) is the active power output value at the current time t, Pref(t-1) is the active power output value at the previous time t-1, and Ratecmd m Let α be the active power ramp rate of the m-th grid node, Δt be the control period, and α be the active power ramp rate. filter Let α be the filter coefficient. filter =min{1,SCR m / SCRref}, where SCRref is the reference short-circuit ratio;

[0085] The instruction update unit is used to continuously monitor the voltage change rate and voltage deviation of each power grid node; when any triggering condition is met, the ramp rate instruction derating strategy is executed.

[0086] The triggering conditions include:

[0087] |dU / dt|>(dU / dt) threshold |dU / dt| is the rate of change of voltage, (dU / dt) threshold The voltage change rate threshold;

[0088] |ΔU|>ΔU threshold |ΔU| represents the voltage deviation, ΔU threshold This is the voltage deviation threshold.

[0089] The ramp rate command derating strategy includes calculating the adjusted active power ramp rate of each grid node based on the voltage change rate, voltage deviation, and active power ramp rate of each grid node. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0090] C Ratecmd,m =Ratecmd m ×[1-λ×max{|dU / dt| / (dU / dt) threshold -a}];

[0091] Among them, C Ratecmd,m Let λ be the active power ramp rate of the m-th grid node after adjustment, λ be the derating factor, and a be a constant.

[0092] The ramp rate command of the grid node is updated based on the adjusted active power ramp rate of the grid node.

[0093] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects achieved by this invention are as follows: The adaptive control method and system for active power ramp rate provided by this invention, through an adaptive control scheme for active power ramp rate, constructs a refined and adaptive control framework for the active power ramp rate of new energy sources. This fully utilizes the flexibility and responsiveness of areas with strong grid power while protecting areas with weak grid power from excessive power fluctuations, effectively avoiding voltage instability caused by drastic changes in new energy power. Through differentiated ramp rate management, new energy sources can more closely follow grid demand, maximizing the absorption capacity and utilization efficiency of new energy sources while ensuring system safety. It overcomes the limitation of using a uniform ramp rate, achieving customized and intelligent management of new energy output at different grid nodes and under different operating conditions, improving the grid-friendliness of the entire new energy cluster and the safety of grid operation.

[0094] Introducing the short-circuit ratio eliminates subjective judgment and provides a solid scientific basis for subsequent ramp rate limit calculations and control command generation. By analyzing the base based on actual grid nodes, the control strategy can be more precisely adapted to the actual grid characteristics of each node, avoiding a uniform, extensive management approach. Real-time monitoring of electrical parameters and calculation of the short-circuit ratio ensures the dynamism and accuracy of the calculation, providing real-time data support for responding to changes in grid operating conditions. This precise analysis of grid nodes is a key step in achieving differentiated control. It enables the new energy cluster controller to issue targeted ramp commands to new energy equipment at different grid nodes, thereby maximizing the support capacity of strong grid areas while protecting voltage stability in weak grid areas, significantly improving the effectiveness and robustness of the entire control strategy.

[0095] By directly linking the ramp rate limit to grid voltage stability, the problem of voltage exceeding limits caused by rapid changes in renewable energy power is fundamentally avoided, significantly improving the safety of grid operation. The ramp rate limit is no longer fixed but dynamically calculated based on real-time voltage, voltage sensitivity, and dynamic stability indicators, enabling renewable energy ramp capabilities to intelligently adapt to constantly changing grid operating conditions. By comprehensively considering voltage constraints and dynamic stability indicators, the upward and downward ramp rate limits for active power in each region can be accurately derived. This ensures that regardless of whether renewable energy generation equipment increases or decreases its active power, the regional voltage will not exceed the safe operating range, while also taking into account the grid's dynamic response characteristics and preventing transient voltage instability. This dynamic and bidirectional limit setting significantly improves the grid's voltage stability and operational safety. It ensures that the set ramp rate limit not only meets voltage requirements but also does not exceed the grid's actual power transmission capacity. This is particularly crucial in weak grid environments, preventing system collapse due to limited power transmission.

[0096] Under different operating conditions, based on the characteristics of different grid nodes and real-time voltage status, refined ramp rate commands are generated and executed, and intelligent power allocation is performed in emergency situations. Through operating status awareness and refined command generation, a high degree of adaptability and security of commands is achieved. While ensuring grid voltage stability, the regulation capacity of new energy sources is maximized; when voltage is under pressure, it can self-limit to prevent further deterioration. Through coordinated power support in emergency operating conditions, the power system can provide efficient, coordinated, and safe power support in the face of emergency faults. It can not only respond quickly to faults but also fully utilize the overall regulation capacity of the new energy cluster through intelligent allocation, while avoiding local overload or secondary collapse caused by blind support, greatly enhancing the grid's anti-disturbance and recovery capabilities. Attached Figure Description

[0097] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0098] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method steps in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0099] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0100] Please see Figures 1-2 In this first embodiment: an adaptive control method for active power ramp rate, the method includes:

[0101] The electrical parameters of the power grid nodes in the new energy base are collected in real time. The electrical parameters include short-circuit capacity and rated capacity. The short-circuit ratio of each power grid node is calculated.

[0102] The dynamic stability index of each power grid node is calculated based on the short-circuit ratio and impedance characteristics of each power grid node. The dynamic stability index includes the control bandwidth limitation coefficient and the dynamic response delay coefficient.

[0103] Historical operating data of electrical parameters and voltage sensitivity to active power of power grid nodes in new energy bases are extracted. A voltage sensitivity model based on short-circuit ratio is constructed and trained. The active power ramp rate limit of each power grid node is determined in combination with the dynamic stability index.

[0104] Extract the operating status of the power system, combine it with the active power ramp rate limit, generate a zone-differentiated ramp rate command, and adjust the active power output.

[0105] Specifically, the implementation process for calculating the short-circuit ratio of each power grid node includes:

[0106] The electrical parameters of the power grid nodes in the new energy base are collected in real time by the power grid strength predictor. The electrical parameters include short-circuit capacity and rated capacity. The short-circuit ratio of each power grid node is calculated.

[0107] Grid strength predictors are deployed at grid connection points and key nodes in new energy bases. These predictors combine real-time monitoring data with grid models to provide more accurate and reliable real-time data acquisition capabilities. The predictors provide high-precision, time-synchronized voltage and current phasor data through PMUs (Phasor Measurement Units) and broader real-time operational data, such as voltage, power flow, and circuit breaker status, through SCADA (Supervisory and Data Acquisition) systems. Using this real-time acquired operational data, advanced state estimation algorithms or specialized short-circuit ratio estimation models can be employed to calculate the equivalent impedance or short-circuit capacity at the new energy connection point, thereby estimating the current short-circuit ratio.

[0108] The power grid model includes the grid topology (connections of lines, transformers, generators, and loads), electrical parameters of equipment, and current or anticipated grid operation modes (such as generator output, load levels, and line switching status). Through traditional power flow calculations and fault analysis simulations, the short-circuit capacity and short-circuit ratio of each node under different operating conditions can be calculated.

[0109] Data fusion technology effectively combines real-time monitoring estimates with power grid model predictions. Because measurement data may contain noise, sensor malfunctions, or missing data, while power grid models may have inaccurate parameters or be simplified, no single method can provide perfect results. Fusion algorithms (e.g., Kalman filtering, Bayesian estimation, or weighted averaging) can combine the advantages of both, cross-validating and compensating for each other's shortcomings. More importantly, it not only outputs an estimate of the short-circuit ratio but also provides a confidence interval.

[0110] This hybrid algorithm-based grid strength predictor provides high-precision, high-reliability grid strength assessment with uncertainty quantification by combining real-time and prediction methods, as well as experience and models. It provides a solid data foundation and decision-making basis for the adaptive control of the active power ramp rate of new energy sources, greatly improving the stability and security of new energy grid-connected operation.

[0111] The short-circuit ratio of each power grid node is calculated based on the electrical parameters of the power grid nodes in the new energy base collected in real time. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0112] ;

[0113] in, Let m be the short-circuit ratio of the m-th power grid node in the new energy base. Let m be the short-circuit capacity of the m-th power grid node in the new energy base. Let m be the rated capacity of the m-th power grid node in the new energy base.

[0114] Based on the short-circuit ratio of each power grid node, the power grid nodes are divided into regions, including near zone, middle zone, and far zone. The division rules include:

[0115] When the short-circuit ratio of grid node i is greater than the first grid threshold, grid node i is classified as a near zone;

[0116] When the short-circuit ratio of grid node i is greater than or equal to the second grid threshold and less than the first grid threshold, grid node i is classified as the middle zone.

[0117] When the short-circuit ratio of grid node i is less than the second grid threshold, grid node i is classified as a far zone.

[0118] The threshold for the first power grid is 2, and the threshold for the second power grid is 1.5.

[0119] Specifically, the dynamic stability indices of each power grid node are calculated. These dynamic stability indices include the control bandwidth limitation coefficient and the dynamic response delay coefficient, specifically including:

[0120] In a weak power grid environment, the control bandwidth tightens as the grid strength decreases, where grid strength is the short-circuit ratio. The control bandwidth limitation coefficient for each power grid node is calculated based on the short-circuit ratio of each node, using the following formula:

[0121] ;

[0122] Among them, KB m Let k be the control bandwidth limitation coefficient for the m-th power grid node. base SCR is the benchmark coefficient. m Let be the short-circuit ratio of the m-th grid node, and c1 be the impedance ratio influence coefficient, with a value ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 (X / R). m Let be the impedance ratio of the m-th power grid node;

[0123] The dynamic response delay coefficient of each power grid node is calculated based on the short-circuit ratio of each node. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0124] ;

[0125] Among them, KD m c1 is the dynamic response delay coefficient of the m-th power grid node, and c2 is the delay correction coefficient.

[0126] By introducing two key dynamic stability indicators, a concrete and calculable evaluation standard for the dynamic characteristics of the power grid is provided, enabling a refined diagnosis of the dynamic health status of the power grid in various regions. Through these two key indicators, the control system can gain a deeper understanding of the characteristics of different regional power grids, thus providing a scientific and reliable basis for subsequent adaptive ramp rate command generation and emergency power allocation.

[0127] Specifically, the implementation process for determining the active power ramp rate limits for each power grid node includes:

[0128] The voltage change at a grid node is proportional to the product of injected power and node impedance. Historical operating data on the electrical parameters and voltage sensitivity to active power of grid nodes in new energy bases are extracted. A voltage sensitivity model based on the short-circuit ratio is constructed and trained. The electrical parameters of the grid nodes are input, and the voltage sensitivity to active power is output. The model formula for the voltage sensitivity model is: ;

[0129] in, Let SCR be the short-circuit ratio of the grid node, k1 be the first fitting coefficient, and k2 be the second fitting coefficient. The voltage sensitivity model can be constructed based on least squares regression. First, by collecting historical PV curves of the new energy power plant access points under different operating conditions, the measured sensitivity samples are calculated. Then, using 1 / SCR as the input feature, the fitting coefficients k1 and k2 are determined by minimizing the sum of squared observation residuals.

[0130] The active power ramp rate limit for each grid node is calculated based on voltage constraints and dynamic stability indices. This active power ramp rate limit includes the active power upward ramp rate limit. and active power downhill rate limit The calculation formula is:

[0131]

[0132]

[0133] in, For node voltage, and Let be the upper and lower limits of the voltage, and the voltage of the m-th grid node. This is the lower limit of voltage. This is the upper limit of the voltage. As the baseline climbing rate, Let be the sensitivity of voltage to active power in the m-th grid node.

[0134] Based on the physical characteristics and dynamic response capabilities of the power grid, a data-driven approach is used to accurately and adaptively determine the active power ramp-up rate limits for renewable energy generation equipment. By constructing a voltage sensitivity model based on the short-circuit ratio, the impact of active power variations on voltage is quantified. This enables the predictive assessment of voltage changes that may be caused by renewable energy power fluctuations under different grid strengths, providing a solid physical and mathematical basis for subsequent ramp-up rate limit setting, moving away from empirical and fuzzy judgments. By comprehensively considering multiple constraints in ramp-up rate determination, the approach allows for flexible renewable energy output as much as possible while ensuring safety, and ensures that different grid nodes obtain ramp-up capabilities commensurate with their capacity.

[0135] As a preferred embodiment of the adaptive control method for active power ramp rate in this invention, the step of extracting the operating state of the power system, combining it with the active power ramp rate limit, generating a zone-differentiated ramp rate command, and adjusting the active power output includes:

[0136] Extract the basic ramp rate in the new energy base based on the operating status of the power system;

[0137] Based on the voltage deviation at each power grid node, the voltage safety margin factor for each power grid node is calculated using the following formula:

[0138] β Um =1-|ΔU m | / ΔU max ;

[0139] Where, β Um Let ΔU be the voltage safety margin factor for the m-th grid node. m Let ΔU be the voltage deviation at the m-th grid node. max The maximum allowable voltage deviation;

[0140] Based on the basic ramp rate in the new energy base and the voltage safety margin coefficient of each grid node, the active power ramp rate of each grid node is calculated, and a zone-differentiated ramp rate command is generated. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0141] ; Ratecmd m Let Ratemode be the active power ramp rate of the m-th grid node, and Ratemode be the base ramp rate.

[0142] The renewable energy generation equipment at each grid node adjusts its active power output according to the received differentiated ramp rate commands. The adjustment formula is as follows:

[0143] ; Where Pref(t) is the active power output value at the current time t, Pref(t-1) is the active power output value at the previous time t-1, and Ratecmd m Let α be the active power ramp rate of the m-th grid node, Δt be the control period, and α be the active power ramp rate. filter Let α be the filter coefficient. filter =min{1,SCR m / SCRref}, where SCRref is the reference short-circuit ratio.

[0144] When the power system is in normal operating condition, the value of Ratemode ranges from 0.1 pu / s to 0.3 pu / s. When the power system is in emergency operating condition, the value of Ratemode ranges from 0.5 pu / s to 1.0 pu / s.

[0145] When the power system is in emergency operation mode, after generating differentiated ramp rate commands for different regions, when a fault is detected at the receiving end of the power system, an emergency power demand is sent to the renewable energy cluster controller at the sending end via the flexible DC emergency power controller. Then, the renewable energy cluster controller at the sending end allocates the active power support of each grid node in a weighted manner based on the emergency power demand and the ramp rate commands of each grid node.

[0146] The expression for emergency power demand is: ΔP demand =P fault_support ΔP demand For emergency power demand, ΔP demand =P fault_support Power to support faults.

[0147] The following formula is used to calculate the active power support for each power grid node: ΔP m =ΔP demand ×(Ratecmd m ×P n,m ) / Σ(Ratecmd j ×P n,j ), ΔP m The active power support provided to the m-th grid node, ΔP demand For urgent power needs, Ratecmd m For the ramp rate command of the m-th power grid node, P n,m Let Σ(Ratecmd) represent the rated total power of all renewable energy power generation equipment at the m-th grid node, where n is the total amount of renewable energy power generation equipment at the m-th grid node. j ×P n,j The ramp-up capacity is the weighted capacity of all grid nodes.

[0148] The active power support at each grid node satisfies the power support constraint, which is: ΔP m ≤(P max,m -P m ), P max,m Let P be the maximum transmittable power of the m-th power grid node. m Let be the current power of the m-th grid node.

[0149] In the process of calling on renewable energy power generation equipment at various power grid nodes to provide active power support, priority is given to calling on renewable energy power generation equipment in the nearby area to provide active power support, while renewable energy power generation equipment in the distant area follows at a lower rate to avoid voltage instability.

[0150] In the near-field region (areas with high short-circuit ratios), changes in active power have a smaller impact on local voltage. This means that even if the output power of renewable energy power plants changes rapidly and significantly, voltage fluctuations at their connection points remain within acceptable limits. Therefore, renewable energy power plants in the near-field region are prioritized to respond to emergency power demands from the grid (such as when generator tripping causes a frequency drop) as quickly as possible (i.e., reaching their maximum permissible ramp rate). They can rapidly inject or absorb active power, providing immediate frequency or power balance support to the grid.

[0151] In remote areas (regions with low short-circuit ratios), even small changes in active power can cause significant voltage fluctuations. If renewable energy sources in remote areas were to change their power output as rapidly and drastically as those in nearby areas, it could lead to voltage exceedances at their connection points and even in surrounding areas, potentially causing voltage collapse and resulting in localized or widespread blackouts. Therefore, renewable energy sources in remote areas are instructed to adjust their power output at a relatively slow ramp-up rate, merely following the overall demand of the grid rather than proactively responding quickly. Their power changes must be strictly limited to avoid causing excessive disturbance to the fragile grid.

[0152] A 10%-20% adjustment margin is reserved to cope with uncertainties. For example, if it is calculated that the new energy base can provide a maximum of 100MW of emergency power support, it will not immediately issue a 100MW order, but only an 80MW-90MW order. The remaining 10-20MW is temporarily reserved as an "adjustment margin" for unforeseen needs.

[0153] By issuing only a relatively conservative command (80%-90%), the probability of achieving the expected goal on the first execution of emergency support is greatly increased, avoiding support gaps. This is crucial for system stability. If, after the initial power support, the system frequency or voltage still has not returned to a safe range, or new disturbances occur, the controller can immediately utilize this reserved margin to issue a second supplementary command for fine-tuning, without needing to perform complex global calculations again. This greatly improves response speed and flexibility. In some cases, the initially calculated power demand may be too high. If all the calculated power is injected into the grid at once, it may cause the system to swing from an underpowered state to an overpowered state, triggering over-adjustment oscillations. Reserving margin is equivalent to step-by-step execution, making control smoother and avoiding secondary impacts on the grid.

[0154] Specifically, this also includes continuously monitoring the voltage change rate and voltage deviation of each power grid node; and executing a ramp rate command derating strategy when any trigger condition is met.

[0155] The triggering conditions include:

[0156] |dU / dt|>(dU / dt) threshold |dU / dt| is the rate of change of voltage, (dU / dt) threshold The voltage change rate threshold;

[0157] |ΔU|>ΔU threshold |ΔU| represents the voltage deviation, ΔU threshold This is the voltage deviation threshold.

[0158] The ramp rate command derating strategy includes calculating the adjusted active power ramp rate of each grid node based on the voltage change rate, voltage deviation, and active power ramp rate of each grid node. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0159] C Ratecmd,m =Ratecmd m ×[1-λ×max{|dU / dt| / (dU / dt) threshold -a}];

[0160] Among them, C Ratecmd,m Let λ be the active power ramp rate of the m-th grid node after adjustment, λ be the derating factor, and a be a constant.

[0161] The ramp rate command of the grid node is updated based on the adjusted active power ramp rate of the grid node.

[0162] In summary, by employing the adaptive control scheme for active power ramp rate provided above, this embodiment of the application constructs a refined and adaptive control framework for the active power ramp rate of new energy sources. This framework fully leverages the flexibility and responsiveness of areas with strong grid power while protecting areas with weak grid power from excessive power fluctuations, effectively avoiding voltage instability caused by drastic changes in new energy power output. Through differentiated ramp rate management, new energy sources can more closely follow grid demand, maximizing the absorption capacity and utilization efficiency of new energy sources while ensuring system safety. This overcomes the limitation of using a uniform ramp rate, achieving customized and intelligent management of new energy output in different regions and under different operating conditions, thus improving the grid-friendliness of the entire new energy cluster and the safety of grid operation.

[0163] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the short-circuit ratio is introduced as a grid strength indicator, eliminating subjective judgment and providing a solid scientific basis for subsequent ramp rate limit calculations and control command generation. Dividing the base into regions of different strengths allows the control strategy to be more precisely adapted to the actual grid characteristics of each region, avoiding a uniform and extensive management approach. By monitoring electrical parameters in real time and calculating the short-circuit ratio, the dynamics and accuracy of grid strength assessment are ensured, providing real-time data support for responding to changes in grid operating conditions. This precise regional division is a key step in achieving differentiated control, enabling the new energy cluster controller to issue targeted ramp commands to new energy equipment in different regions, thereby maximizing the support capacity of strong grid regions while protecting voltage stability in weak grid regions, significantly improving the effectiveness and robustness of the entire control strategy.

[0164] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the ramp rate limit is directly linked to the grid voltage stability, fundamentally avoiding voltage exceedance issues caused by rapid changes in renewable energy power, and significantly improving the safety of grid operation. The ramp rate limit is no longer fixed but dynamically calculated based on real-time voltage, voltage sensitivity, and dynamic stability indicators, enabling renewable energy ramping capabilities to intelligently adapt to constantly changing grid operating conditions. By comprehensively considering voltage constraints and dynamic stability indicators, the upward and downward ramp rate limits for active power in each region can be accurately derived. This ensures that regardless of whether renewable energy generation equipment increases or decreases its active power, the regional voltage will not exceed the safe operating range, while also taking into account the grid's dynamic response characteristics and preventing transient voltage instability. This dynamic and bidirectional limit setting significantly improves the grid's voltage stability and operational safety. By ensuring that the set ramp rate limit not only meets voltage requirements but also does not exceed the grid's actual power transmission capacity, this is particularly crucial in weak grid environments, preventing system collapse due to limited power transmission.

[0165] Furthermore, in some embodiments, under different operating states, refined ramp rate commands are generated and executed based on regional characteristics and real-time voltage conditions, and intelligent power allocation is performed in emergency situations. Through operating state awareness and refined command generation, a high degree of adaptability and security of the commands is achieved. While ensuring grid voltage stability, the regulation capabilities of new energy sources are maximized; when voltage is under pressure, it can self-limit to prevent further deterioration. Through coordinated power support in emergency operating states, the power system can provide efficient, coordinated, and safe power support in the face of emergency faults. It can not only respond quickly to faults but also fully utilize the overall regulation capabilities of the new energy cluster through intelligent allocation, while avoiding local overload or secondary collapse caused by blind support, greatly enhancing the grid's anti-disturbance and recovery capabilities.

[0166] An adaptive control system for active power ramp rate, comprising a data acquisition module, a dynamic stability analysis module, a ramp rate limit calculation module, and a command generation and active power output module;

[0167] The data acquisition module is used to collect electrical parameters of the power grid nodes in the new energy base in real time. The electrical parameters include short-circuit capacity and rated capacity. The short-circuit ratio of each power grid node is calculated based on the ratio of short-circuit capacity to rated capacity.

[0168] The dynamic stability analysis module is used to calculate the dynamic stability index of each power grid node based on the short-circuit ratio and impedance characteristics of each power grid node. The dynamic stability index includes the control bandwidth limitation coefficient and the dynamic response delay coefficient.

[0169] The ramp rate limit calculation module is used to extract historical operating data of electrical parameters and voltage sensitivity to active power of grid nodes in the new energy base, construct and train a voltage sensitivity model based on short-circuit ratio, and determine the active power ramp rate limit of each grid node in combination with the dynamic stability index.

[0170] The instruction generation and active power output module is used to extract the operating status of the power system, combine it with the active power ramp rate limit, generate regionally differentiated ramp rate instructions, and adjust the active power output.

[0171] Specifically, the dynamic stability analysis module includes:

[0172] The control bandwidth limitation factor for each power grid node is calculated based on its short-circuit ratio and impedance characteristics. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0173] ;

[0174] in, Let m be the control bandwidth limitation coefficient for the m-th power grid node. As the benchmark coefficient, The impedance ratio influence coefficient. Let be the impedance ratio of the m-th power grid node;

[0175] The dynamic response delay coefficient of each power grid node is calculated based on the short-circuit ratio of each node. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0176] ;

[0177] in, c1 is the dynamic response delay coefficient of the m-th power grid node, and c2 is the delay correction coefficient.

[0178] Specifically, the ramp rate limit calculation module includes: extracting historical operating data of electrical parameters and voltage sensitivity to active power of grid nodes in the new energy base; constructing and training a voltage sensitivity model based on short-circuit ratio; inputting the electrical parameters of the grid nodes; and outputting the voltage sensitivity to active power. The model formula is as follows:

[0179] ;

[0180] in, The sensitivity of voltage to active power. , These are the fitting coefficients;

[0181] Based on the dynamic stability index and the voltage sensitivity model, the active power ramp rate limit for each grid node is calculated, including the active power upward ramp rate limit. and active power downhill rate limit The calculation formula is:

[0182]

[0183]

[0184] in, For node voltage, and Let be the upper and lower limits of the voltage, and the voltage of the m-th grid node. This is the lower limit of voltage. This is the upper limit of the voltage. As the baseline climbing rate, Let be the sensitivity of voltage to active power in the m-th grid node.

[0185] Specifically, the instruction generation and active power output module includes an instruction generation unit, an active power output unit, and an instruction update unit:

[0186] The instruction generation unit extracts the basic ramp rate in the new energy base based on the operating status of the power system.

[0187] Based on the voltage deviation at each power grid node, the voltage safety margin factor for each power grid node is calculated using the following formula:

[0188] β Um =1-|ΔU m | / ΔU max ;

[0189] Where, β Um Let ΔU be the voltage safety margin factor for the m-th grid node. m Let ΔU be the voltage deviation at the m-th grid node. max The maximum allowable voltage deviation;

[0190] Based on the basic ramp rate in the new energy base and the voltage safety margin coefficient of each grid node, the active power ramp rate of each grid node is calculated, and a zone-differentiated ramp rate command is generated. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0191] ; Ratecmd m Let Ratemode be the active power ramp rate of the m-th grid node, and Ratemode be the base ramp rate.

[0192] The active power output unit is used by the new energy power generation equipment at each grid node to adjust its active power output according to the received differentiated ramp rate command. The adjustment formula is as follows:

[0193] ; Where Pref(t) is the active power output value at the current time t, Pref(t-1) is the active power output value at the previous time t-1, and Ratecmd m Let α be the active power ramp rate of the m-th grid node, Δt be the control period, and α be the active power ramp rate. filter Let α be the filter coefficient. filter =min{1,SCR m / SCRref}, where SCRref is the reference short-circuit ratio;

[0194] The instruction update unit is used to continuously monitor the voltage change rate and voltage deviation of each power grid node; when any triggering condition is met, the ramp rate instruction derating strategy is executed.

[0195] The triggering conditions include:

[0196] |dU / dt|>(dU / dt) threshold |dU / dt| is the rate of change of voltage, (dU / dt) threshold The voltage change rate threshold;

[0197] |ΔU|>ΔU threshold |ΔU| represents the voltage deviation, ΔU threshold This is the voltage deviation threshold.

[0198] The ramp rate command derating strategy includes calculating the adjusted active power ramp rate of each grid node based on the voltage change rate, voltage deviation, and active power ramp rate of each grid node. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0199] C Ratecmd,m =Ratecmd m ×[1-λ×max{|dU / dt| / (dU / dt) threshold -a}];

[0200] Among them, C Ratecmd,m Let λ be the active power ramp rate of the m-th grid node after adjustment, λ be the derating factor, and a be a constant.

[0201] The ramp rate command of the grid node is updated based on the adjusted active power ramp rate of the grid node.

[0202] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0203] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive control method for active power ramp rate, characterized in that, The method includes: The electrical parameters of the power grid nodes in the new energy base are collected in real time. The electrical parameters include short-circuit capacity and rated capacity. The short-circuit ratio of each power grid node is calculated. The dynamic stability index of each power grid node is calculated based on the short-circuit ratio and impedance characteristics of each power grid node. The dynamic stability index includes the control bandwidth limitation coefficient and the dynamic response delay coefficient. Historical operating data of electrical parameters and voltage sensitivity to active power of power grid nodes in new energy bases are extracted. A voltage sensitivity model based on short-circuit ratio is constructed and trained. The active power ramp rate limit of each power grid node is determined in combination with the dynamic stability index. Extract the operating status of the power system, combine it with the active power ramp rate limit, generate a zone-differentiated ramp rate command, and adjust the active power output.

2. The adaptive control method for active power ramp rate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific implementation process for calculating the short-circuit ratio of each power grid node includes: The short-circuit ratio of each power grid node is calculated based on the electrical parameters of the power grid nodes in the new energy base collected in real time. The calculation formula is as follows: ； in, Let m be the short-circuit ratio of the m-th power grid node in the new energy base. Let m be the short-circuit capacity of the m-th power grid node in the new energy base. Let m be the rated capacity of the m-th power grid node in the new energy base.

3. The adaptive control method for active power ramp rate according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific implementation process for calculating the dynamic stability index of each power grid node includes: The control bandwidth limitation factor for each power grid node is calculated based on its short-circuit ratio and impedance characteristics. The calculation formula is as follows: ； in, Let m be the control bandwidth limitation coefficient for the m-th power grid node. As the benchmark coefficient, The impedance ratio influence coefficient. Let be the impedance ratio of the m-th power grid node; The dynamic response delay coefficient of each power grid node is calculated based on the short-circuit ratio of each node. The calculation formula is as follows: ； in, c1 is the dynamic response delay coefficient of the m-th power grid node, and c2 is the delay correction coefficient.

4. The adaptive control method for active power ramp rate according to claim 3, characterized in that, The specific implementation process for determining the active power ramp rate limit for each power grid node includes: Historical operating data on the electrical parameters and voltage sensitivity to active power of grid nodes in the new energy base are extracted. A voltage sensitivity model based on the short-circuit ratio is constructed and trained. The electrical parameters of the grid nodes are input, and the voltage sensitivity to active power is output. The model formula is as follows: ； in, The sensitivity of voltage to active power. , These are the fitting coefficients; Based on the dynamic stability index and the voltage sensitivity model, the active power ramp rate limit for each grid node is calculated, including the active power upward ramp rate limit. and active power downhill rate limit The calculation formula is: ； ； in, For node voltage, and Let be the upper and lower limits of the voltage, and the voltage of the m-th grid node. This is the lower limit of voltage. This is the upper limit of the voltage. As the baseline climbing rate, Let be the sensitivity of voltage to active power in the m-th grid node.

5. The adaptive control method for active power ramp rate according to claim 4, characterized in that, The specific implementation process of generating the partition-differentiated ramp rate command includes: Extract the basic ramp rate in the new energy base based on the operating status of the power system; Based on the voltage deviation at each power grid node, the voltage safety margin factor for each power grid node is calculated using the following formula: β Um =1-|ΔU m | / ΔU max ; wherein β Um is the voltage safety margin coefficient of the mth grid node, ΔU m is the voltage deviation of the mth grid node, ΔU max is the maximum allowed voltage deviation; Based on the basic ramp rate in the new energy base and the voltage safety margin coefficient of each grid node, the active power ramp rate of each grid node is calculated, and a zone-differentiated ramp rate command is generated. The calculation formula is as follows: ； Ratecmd m Ratemode is the base ramp rate for the active power ramp rate of the mth grid node The renewable energy generation equipment at each grid node adjusts its active power output according to the received differentiated ramp rate commands. The adjustment formula is as follows: ； Where Pref(t) is the active power output value at the current time t, Pref(t-1) is the active power output value at the previous time t-1, and Ratecmd m Let α be the active power ramp rate of the m-th grid node, Δt be the control period, and α be the active power ramp rate. filter Let α be the filter coefficient. filter =min{1,SCR m / SCRref}, where SCRref is the reference short-circuit ratio.

6. The adaptive control method for active power ramp rate according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes continuously monitoring the voltage change rate and voltage deviation of each grid node; and executing a ramp rate command derating strategy when any trigger condition is met. The triggering conditions include: |dU / dt|>(dU / dt) threshold |dU / dt| is the rate of change of voltage, (dU / dt) threshold The voltage change rate threshold; |ΔU|>ΔU threshold |ΔU| represents the voltage deviation, ΔU threshold This is the voltage deviation threshold. The ramp rate command derating strategy includes calculating the adjusted active power ramp rate of each grid node based on the voltage change rate, voltage deviation, and active power ramp rate of each grid node. The calculation formula is as follows: C Ratecmd,m =Ratecmd m ×[1-λ×max{(|dU / dt| / (dU / dt) threshold -a),0}]; Among them, C Ratecmd,m The active power ramp rate of the m-th grid node is adjusted, λ is the derating factor, and a is a constant; the ramp rate command of the grid node is updated according to the adjusted active power ramp rate of the grid node.

7. An adaptive control system for active power ramp rate, characterized in that, The system includes a data acquisition module, a dynamic stability analysis module, a ramp rate limit calculation module, and an instruction generation and active power output module. The data acquisition module is used to collect electrical parameters of the power grid nodes in the new energy base in real time. The electrical parameters include short-circuit capacity and rated capacity. The short-circuit ratio of each power grid node is calculated based on the ratio of short-circuit capacity to rated capacity. The dynamic stability analysis module is used to calculate the dynamic stability index of each power grid node based on the short-circuit ratio and impedance characteristics of each power grid node. The dynamic stability index includes the control bandwidth limitation coefficient and the dynamic response delay coefficient. The ramp rate limit calculation module is used to extract historical operating data of electrical parameters and voltage sensitivity to active power of grid nodes in the new energy base, construct and train a voltage sensitivity model based on short-circuit ratio, and determine the active power ramp rate limit of each grid node in combination with the dynamic stability index. The instruction generation and active power output module is used to extract the operating status of the power system, combine it with the active power ramp rate limit, generate regionally differentiated ramp rate instructions, and adjust the active power output.

8. The adaptive control system for active power ramp rate according to claim 7, characterized in that, The dynamic stability analysis module includes: The control bandwidth limitation factor for each power grid node is calculated based on its short-circuit ratio and impedance characteristics. The calculation formula is as follows: ； in, Let m be the control bandwidth limitation coefficient for the m-th power grid node. As the benchmark coefficient, The impedance ratio influence coefficient. Let be the impedance ratio of the m-th power grid node; The dynamic response delay coefficient of each power grid node is calculated based on the short-circuit ratio of each node. The calculation formula is as follows: ； in, c1 is the dynamic response delay coefficient of the m-th power grid node, and c2 is the delay correction coefficient.

9. An adaptive control system for active power ramp rate according to claim 8, characterized in that, The ramp rate limit calculation module includes: extracting historical operating data of electrical parameters and voltage sensitivity to active power of grid nodes in the new energy base; constructing and training a voltage sensitivity model based on short-circuit ratio; inputting the electrical parameters of the grid nodes; and outputting the voltage sensitivity to active power. The model formula is as follows: ； in, The sensitivity of voltage to active power. , These are the fitting coefficients; Based on the dynamic stability index and the voltage sensitivity model, the active power ramp rate limit for each grid node is calculated, including the active power upward ramp rate limit. and active power downhill rate limit The calculation formula is: ； ； in, For node voltage, and Let be the upper and lower limits of the voltage, and the voltage of the m-th grid node. This is the lower limit of voltage. This is the upper limit of the voltage. As the baseline climbing rate, Let be the sensitivity of voltage to active power in the m-th grid node.

10. An adaptive control system for active power ramp rate according to claim 9, characterized in that, The instruction generation and active power output module includes an instruction generation unit, an active power output unit, and an instruction update unit: The instruction generation unit extracts the basic ramp rate in the new energy base based on the operating status of the power system. Based on the voltage deviation at each power grid node, the voltage safety margin factor for each power grid node is calculated using the following formula: b Um =1-|ΔU m | / ΔU max ; Where, β Um Let ΔU be the voltage safety margin factor for the m-th grid node. m Let ΔU be the voltage deviation at the m-th grid node. max The maximum allowable voltage deviation; Based on the basic ramp rate in the new energy base and the voltage safety margin coefficient of each grid node, the active power ramp rate of each grid node is calculated, and a zone-differentiated ramp rate command is generated. The calculation formula is as follows: ； Ratecmd m Let Ratemode be the active power ramp rate of the m-th grid node, and Ratemode be the base ramp rate. The active power output unit is used by the new energy power generation equipment at each grid node to adjust its active power output according to the received differentiated ramp rate command. The adjustment formula is as follows: ； Where Pref(t) is the active power output value at the current time t, Pref(t-1) is the active power output value at the previous time t-1, and Ratecmd m Let α be the active power ramp rate of the m-th grid node, Δt be the control period, and α be the active power ramp rate. filter Let α be the filter coefficient. filter =min{1,SCR m / SCRref}, where SCRref is the reference short-circuit ratio; The instruction update unit is used to continuously monitor the voltage change rate and voltage deviation of each power grid node; when any triggering condition is met, the ramp rate instruction derating strategy is executed. The triggering conditions include: |dU / dt|>(dU / dt) threshold |dU / dt| is the rate of change of voltage, (dU / dt) threshold The voltage change rate threshold; |ΔU|>ΔU threshold |ΔU| represents the voltage deviation, ΔU threshold This is the voltage deviation threshold. The ramp rate command derating strategy includes calculating the adjusted active power ramp rate of each grid node based on the voltage change rate, voltage deviation, and active power ramp rate of each grid node. The calculation formula is as follows: C Ratecmd,m =Ratecmd m ×[1-λ×max{|dU / dt| / (dU / dt) threshold -a}]; Among them, C Ratecmd,m Let λ be the active power ramp rate of the m-th grid node after adjustment, λ be the derating factor, and a be a constant. The ramp rate command of the grid node is updated based on the adjusted active power ramp rate of the grid node.

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