A retired lithium battery rotary pyrolysis device, a cleaning scraping method and application thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to lithium battery recycling technical field, especially to a kind of decommissioned lithium battery rotary pyrolysis device, clear scraping method and application thereof.The device includes the scraping assembly being provided on the protective frame;Scraping assembly includes auxiliary ring installed at both ends of rotary cylinder, the outer surface of auxiliary ring is provided with serpentine hole, rotary cylinder is provided with arc mounting plate in the upper portion, the upper surface of arc mounting plate is installed with the scraping piece that is in contact with the top wall of rotary cylinder, the sliding rod is installed on the protective frame, the expansion spring is sleeved on the sliding rod, the one end of expansion spring is connected with reciprocating block, the ball that rolls in serpentine hole is connected on reciprocating block, reciprocating block is connected with arc mounting plate by connecting block.The device realizes the full-width, dead-angle-free scraping of the top wall of rotary cylinder, and the continuous scraping action compared with the intermittent knock of chain can generate greater shear force, which is beneficial to the complete peeling of adhesive from the wall, and prevents the formation of hard knot.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lithium battery recycling technology, and in particular to a rotary pyrolysis device for retired lithium batteries, a cleaning method, and their applications. Background Technology

[0002] Rotary pyrolysis units are commonly used for the resource recovery of materials such as retired lithium batteries, waste tires, and oil sludge. During operation, the materials undergo a pyrolysis reaction at high temperatures. The rotating cylinder is driven by a drive mechanism to rotate slowly, causing the materials to tumble and move forward within the cylinder. However, the molten or semi-molten substances formed at high temperatures easily adhere to the inner wall of the cylinder, and in severe cases, form ring-shaped deposits. This leads to a reduction in the inner diameter of the cylinder, obstructed material flow, decreased heat transfer efficiency, and even equipment seizure and shutdown.

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, a high-efficiency anti-ringing machine for rotary kilns has been proposed in the prior art. This device features a chain installed near the inner wall of the kiln, with both ends fixed to specific supports. As the kiln rotates, the chain oscillates periodically under its own weight and centrifugal force, removing adhering materials from the wall surface through striking and scraping actions. The chain's oscillation primarily occurs within its single axial cross-sectional area, constituting a localized, intermittent cleaning process.

[0004] Because the chain's movement trajectory is limited to a fixed hinge point, it can only oscillate within its axial cross-section. This results in a small scraping coverage area, making it difficult to completely remove the adhering material from the kiln wall. The residue gradually hardens and carbonizes at high temperatures, easily evolving into hard, difficult-to-remove rings. Secondly, the scraping force is provided solely by the chain's own weight and centrifugal force, with fixed parameters and no adjustable capability. In the early stages of pyrolysis, when the soft adhering material has high viscosity and strong adhesion, the chain's striking force is insufficient for effective peeling; conversely, once the adhering material hardens at high temperatures to form hard rings, the chain's striking force is significantly insufficient to break them. Therefore, this structure cannot adapt to different scraping forces based on the ring formation state, making it difficult to completely solve the ring formation problem under complex operating conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a rotary pyrolysis device for retired lithium batteries, a cleaning method, and their applications.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a rotary pyrolysis device for retired lithium batteries, including a rotary drum and a protective frame for supporting the rotary drum. A scraping assembly is provided on the protective frame. The scraping assembly includes auxiliary rings installed at both ends of the rotary drum. The outer surface of the auxiliary rings is provided with a serpentine hole. An arc-shaped mounting plate is provided on the upper part of the inside of the rotary drum. A scraping component that abuts against the top wall of the rotary drum is installed on the upper surface of the arc-shaped mounting plate. A sliding rod is installed on the protective frame. An expansion spring is sleeved on the sliding rod. One end of the expansion spring is connected to a reciprocating block. A ball bearing that rolls in the serpentine hole is connected to the reciprocating block. The reciprocating block is connected to the arc-shaped mounting plate through a connecting block.

[0007] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a cleaning method for a decommissioned lithium battery rotary pyrolysis device, comprising the following steps: The rotary drum rotates at a constant speed, causing the auxiliary rings installed at both ends of the rotary drum to rotate synchronously; When the auxiliary ring rotates, the serpentine holes on the surface of the auxiliary ring drive the ball bearings to move, causing the reciprocating block to move back and forth along the sliding rod axis. The expansion spring sleeved on the sliding rod always pushes the arc-shaped mounting plate and scraper against the top wall of the rotary drum, so that the scraper keeps in close contact with the top wall of the rotary drum and performs reciprocating scraping. When the ball slides in the long stroke groove, it drives the scraping component to perform large reciprocating motion. When the ball slides in the short stroke groove, it drives the scraping component to perform small reciprocating motion. As the auxiliary ring rotates, the ball automatically switches between the long stroke groove and the short stroke groove periodically.

[0008] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention also provide an application of the aforementioned rotary pyrolysis apparatus for retired lithium batteries in the pyrolysis treatment of retired lithium batteries.

[0009] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages: As the rotary drum rotates, the auxiliary ring rotates synchronously. The trajectory of the serpentine hole forces the ball bearings to drive the reciprocating block to reciprocate axially along the sliding rod. The expansion spring is always in a compressed state, and the elastic force is transmitted through the reciprocating block and connecting block to the arc-shaped mounting plate and the scraper, making the scraper adhere tightly to the top wall of the rotary drum. Compared with the existing technology where the chain only makes point-like oscillations in a single cross section, this device uses the cooperation of the serpentine hole and the ball bearings to transform the circumferential motion of the rotary drum into the continuous axial reciprocating motion of the scraping component. Combined with the large-area arc surface of the arc-shaped mounting plate, the scraper forms a continuous sweep in both the axial and circumferential directions of the rotary drum, achieving full-width, no-dead-angle scraping of the top wall of the rotary drum. This continuous scraping action generates greater shearing force than the intermittent striking of the chain, which is beneficial for completely peeling the adhesive from the wall and preventing the formation of hard rings. Furthermore, the constant thrust provided by the expansion spring allows the scraper to automatically adjust the clamping force according to the thickness and hardness of the knotted material: when the knotted material is thicker and softer, the scraper's reaction force is small, and the spring pushes it deep into the adhesive layer for strong cutting; when the knotted material is thinner and harder, the scraper's reaction force is large, which compresses the spring in the opposite direction to automatically reduce the feed rate, avoiding rigid impact damage to the scraper or the inner wall of the rotary drum. This adaptive clamping mechanism solves the problem of fixed scraping force and the inability to adapt the force according to the knotted material's condition.

[0010] Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0011] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. The drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In addition, the dimensions or spacing between the components are exaggerated to show the position of each component, and the schematic diagrams are for illustrative purposes only.

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the scraping component of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the ball bearing of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a front view of the arc-shaped mounting plate of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the arc-shaped mounting plate of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the rotary drum of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the adaptive driving component of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the long-stroke groove and the short-stroke groove of the present invention.

[0013] In the diagram: 1. Base; 11. Protective cover; 12. Rotary drum; 13. Guard frame; 14. Drive motor; 2. Scraping assembly; 21. Auxiliary ring; 22. Serpentine hole; 23. Arc-shaped mounting plate; 231. Return spring; 232. Guide block; 24. Scraping component; 241. First scraping block; 242. Second scraping block; 25. Sliding rod; 26. Expansion spring; 27. Reciprocating block; 28. Ball bearing; 29. ​​Sleeve; 291. Connecting block; 211. Adaptive drive assembly; 212. Long stroke groove; 213. Short stroke groove; 221. First vibration block; 222. Drive block; 223. Second vibration block. Detailed Implementation

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments in this specification, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some examples or embodiments of this specification. For those skilled in the art, these drawings can be applied to other similar scenarios without creative effort. Unless obvious from the context or otherwise specified, the same reference numerals in the drawings represent the same structures or operations.

[0015] Generally speaking, the terms "comprising" and "including" only indicate that the steps and elements are explicitly identified, and these steps and elements do not constitute an exclusive list. The method or apparatus may also include other steps or elements.

[0016] Example 1 In one typical embodiment of this disclosure, a rotary pyrolysis apparatus for retired lithium batteries is provided. The apparatus includes a rotary drum 12 and a protective frame 13 for supporting the rotary drum 12. A scraping component 2 is provided on the protective frame 13.

[0017] The scraping assembly 2 includes auxiliary rings 21 installed at both ends of the rotary drum 12, with serpentine holes 22 on the outer surface of the auxiliary rings 21. An arc-shaped mounting plate 23 is provided above the interior of the rotary drum 12, and a scraping component 24 that abuts against the top wall of the rotary drum 12 is installed on the upper surface of the arc-shaped mounting plate 23. A sliding rod 25 is installed on the guard 13, and an expansion spring 26 is sleeved on the sliding rod 25. One end of the expansion spring 26 is connected to a reciprocating block 27, and a ball bearing 28 that rolls in the serpentine hole 22 is connected to the reciprocating block 27. The reciprocating block 27 is connected to the arc-shaped mounting plate 23 through a connecting block 291.

[0018] The rotary drum 12 is a cylindrical container used to hold retired lithium batteries and carry out pyrolysis reactions; it is typically made of heat-resistant steel. The support frame 13 is a support structure fixed to the base 1, used to support components such as the sliding rod 25 of the scraping assembly 2. The expansion spring 26 is a helical compression spring, its function being to provide continuous clamping force to the scraping element 24. The ball bearing 28 is a steel sphere, embedded in the serpentine hole 22 and able to roll along the channel.

[0019] When the rotary drum 12 rotates, the auxiliary ring 21 rotates synchronously. The trajectory of the serpentine hole 22 forces the ball bearing 28 to drive the reciprocating block 27 to perform axial reciprocating motion along the sliding rod 25. The expansion spring 26 is always in a compressed state, and its elastic force is transmitted to the arc-shaped mounting plate 23 and the scraper 24 through the reciprocating block 27 and the connecting block 291, so that the scraper 24 is in close contact with the top wall of the rotary drum 12. Compared with the existing technology where the chain only makes point-like oscillations in a single cross section, this device uses the cooperation of the serpentine hole 22 and the ball bearing 28 to transform the circumferential motion of the rotary drum 12 into the continuous axial reciprocating motion of the scraper assembly 2. With the large-area arc surface of the arc-shaped mounting plate 23, the scraper 24 forms a continuous sweep in both the axial and circumferential directions of the rotary drum 12, realizing full-width, dead-angle-free scraping of the top wall of the rotary drum 12. This continuous scraping action generates greater shearing force compared to the intermittent striking of the chain, which is beneficial for completely peeling the adhesive from the wall and preventing the formation of hard rings. Furthermore, the constant thrust provided by the expansion spring 26 allows the scraper 24 to automatically adjust its clamping force according to the thickness and hardness of the ring: when the ring is thicker and softer, the scraper 24 has a smaller reaction force, and the spring pushes it deep into the adhesive layer for a powerful cut; when the ring is thinner and harder, the scraper 24 has a larger reaction force, which compresses the spring in the opposite direction to automatically reduce the feed rate, avoiding rigid impact damage to the scraper 24 or the inner wall of the rotary drum 12. This adaptive clamping mechanism solves the problem of fixed scraping force and the inability to adapt the force according to the ring state.

[0020] In a further specific example of this disclosure, the device also includes a base 1, a protective cover 11 mounted on top of the base 1, a rotating drum 12 rotatably connected inside the protective cover 11, a protective frame 13 mounted at both ends of the base 1, and a drive motor 14 for driving the rotating drum 12 to rotate, all mounted on the base 1. These components are standard configurations for rotary pyrolysis devices. The protective cover 11 serves to isolate high temperatures and prevent material splashing, while also providing rotational support for the rotating drum 12. The drive motor 14 typically drives the rotating drum 12 to rotate via gear or chain transmission.

[0021] In some other specific examples of this disclosure, the scraping component 2 is provided with an adaptive drive component 211, which includes a long stroke groove 212 and a short stroke groove 213 formed on the surface of the auxiliary ring 21, and the serpentine hole 22 is composed of the connected long stroke groove 212 and short stroke groove 213.

[0022] The long-stroke groove 212 and the short-stroke groove 213 have different axial spans, with the long-stroke groove 212 having a larger axial span than the short-stroke groove 213. When the ball 28 slides in the long-stroke groove 212, it drives the reciprocating block 27 to produce a larger axial displacement, thereby causing the scraper 24 to perform a large reciprocating motion; when the ball 28 slides in the short-stroke groove 213, the reciprocating block 27 has a smaller displacement, and the scraper 24 performs a small reciprocating motion.

[0023] Large-amplitude reciprocating motion is suitable for removing soft, widely distributed adhesives, while small-amplitude reciprocating motion is suitable for breaking up localized hard rings or fine trimming. As the auxiliary ring 21 rotates continuously, the balls 28 automatically switch between the two channels, achieving a cycle of cleaning modes without additional control components. This solves the problem of not being able to adapt different cleaning amplitudes according to the state of the rings, while also avoiding energy loss caused by ineffective strokes.

[0024] In a further specific example of this disclosure, the long stroke groove 212 is disposed at the upper and lower ends of the auxiliary ring 21, and the short stroke groove 213 is disposed at the left and right ends of the auxiliary ring 21, and the axial span of the long stroke groove 212 is greater than the axial span of the short stroke groove 213.

[0025] Each rotation of the auxiliary ring 21 causes the balls 28 to pass sequentially through the upper long-stroke groove 212, the right short-stroke groove 213, the lower long-stroke groove 212, and the left short-stroke groove 213, completing a full cleaning cycle. This circumferentially symmetrical layout ensures that the inner wall of the rotary drum 12 undergoes two large-amplitude cleanings and two small-amplitude cleanings within each rotation cycle, guaranteeing the uniformity and continuity of the cleaning operation.

[0026] In some other specific examples of this disclosure, the included angle between the upper long stroke slots 212 is greater than the included angle between the lower long stroke slots 212, and the included angle between the left short stroke slots 213 is smaller than the included angle between the right short stroke slots 213.

[0027] In this embodiment, the upper long-stroke groove 212 has a larger included angle, causing the scraping component 2 to perform large reciprocating motions at a slower speed at the upper end of the rotary drum 12. The slower speed prolongs the contact time between the scraper 24 and the top wall, allowing the thrust of the expansion spring 26 to be fully transmitted, ensuring that the ring-shaped material in the upper area is thoroughly removed. The lower long-stroke groove 212 has a smaller included angle, causing the scraping component 2 to perform large reciprocating motions at a faster speed at the lower end of the rotary drum 12. The faster speed increases the dynamic clamping force of the scraper 24 on the wall surface, which is beneficial for removing harder residues at the bottom. The left short-stroke groove 213 has a smaller included angle, causing the scraping component 2 to perform small reciprocating motions at a faster speed on the left side, obtaining a larger clamping force, which is suitable for powerfully breaking up stubborn hard ring-shaped materials on the left side. The right short-stroke groove 213 has a larger included angle, causing the scraping component 2 to perform small reciprocating motions at a slower speed on the right side, obtaining a moderate scraping force, which is suitable for fine trimming of the right side area. This differentiated design makes full use of the distribution characteristics of the rings in different phases of the rotary drum 12, thereby improving the cleaning efficiency.

[0028] In a further specific example of this disclosure, multiple sliding rods 25 are mounted in an arc shape on the guardrail 13. Each sliding rod 25 is fitted with an expansion spring 26. A reciprocating block 27 is fixedly mounted on the end of each expansion spring 26 away from the guardrail 13, and the reciprocating block 27 is slidably connected to the sliding rod 25. A ball bearing 28 is rolled below the reciprocating block 27 located in the middle. A sleeve 29 is mounted on the end of the reciprocating block 27 away from the expansion spring 26, and the sleeve 29 is slidably connected to the sliding rod 25. The connecting block 291 has an L-shaped structure. The horizontal end of the connecting block 291 is fixedly connected to the end of the sleeve 29 away from the reciprocating block 27, and the vertical end of the connecting block 291 is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped mounting plate 23.

[0029] In this embodiment, three sliding rods 25 are arranged in an arc shape. This arrangement provides stable three-point support for the arc-shaped mounting plate 23, preventing it from deflecting. The reciprocating block 27 in the middle is connected to the ball bearing 28, while the reciprocating blocks 27 on both sides are only used to assist sliding and provide additional thrust from the expansion spring 26, ensuring balanced force distribution. The sleeve 29 increases the contact length between the reciprocating block 27 and the sliding rod 25, improving sliding stability. The L-shaped connecting block 291 transmits the axial movement of the sleeve 29 to the arc-shaped mounting plate 23, while its vertical section allows the arc-shaped mounting plate 23 to extend into the upper part of the rotary cylinder 12.

[0030] In other specific examples of this disclosure, the scraper 24 includes a first scraper block 241 and a second scraper block 242, which are combined in a figure-eight shape and distributed along the axial direction of the rotating drum 12. The first scraper block 241 on the left scrapes out obliquely along the rotating drum 12, and the second scraper block 242 on the right scrapes out in the opposite direction along the rotating drum 12. The first scraper block 241 and the second scraper block 242 are designed with pointed ends and conform to the inner wall of the rotating drum 12.

[0031] When the arc-shaped mounting plate 23 moves axially back and forth under the drive of the reciprocating block 27, the first scraping block 241 and the second scraping block 242 move synchronously. Since the two are tilted in opposite directions, the first scraping block 241 on the left side forms an inclined scraping in one direction, and the second scraping block 242 on the right side forms an inclined scraping in the opposite direction, realizing bidirectional scraping and improving cleaning efficiency.

[0032] The figure-eight structure also serves a guiding function, guiding the scraped-off ring material along the inclined surfaces of the first scraping block 241 and the second scraping block 242 to the surface of the arc-shaped mounting plate 23, and then sliding down the arc surface of the arc-shaped mounting plate 23 to the bottom of the rotary drum 12. The pointed design allows the scraping block to easily penetrate into the interior of the adhesive, disrupting its interface with the wall, achieving efficient cutting with relatively small driving force. For softer adhesives, the pointed tip can penetrate deep into the material and scrape it off entirely; for harder rings, the pointed tip can locally break up the hard points through point contact, avoiding jamming caused by large-area contact.

[0033] In a further specific example of this disclosure, the arc-shaped mounting plate 23 is provided with a telescopic groove below the scraper 24. A return spring 231 is installed on the bottom wall inside the telescopic groove. A guide block 232 connected to the top of the return spring 231 by a slide rail is installed inside the telescopic groove. The scraper 24 is installed on the top of the guide block 232.

[0034] This structure allows the scraper 24 to extend and retract slightly relative to the arc-shaped mounting plate 23. When there are microscopic unevennesses or uneven thickness of the ring material on the inner wall of the rotary drum 12, the reaction force on the scraper 24 will change in real time. The guide block 232 overcomes the elastic force of the return spring 231 and extends and retracts slightly in the telescopic groove, allowing the scraper 24 to float with the shape and always stick to the top wall of the rotary drum 12 without rigid jamming. When encountering local hard protrusions or large hard ring materials, the instantaneous impact force on the scraper 24 increases. The guide block 232 compresses the return spring 231 and automatically retracts, allowing the scraper 24 to briefly avoid the obstacle. After passing the obstacle, the return spring 231 pushes the scraper 24 to extend again and resume the scraping state.

[0035] This floating mechanism brings multiple synergistic effects: First, it enables the scraper 24 to follow the microscopic morphological changes of the inner wall of the rotating drum 12 in real time, maintaining a constant contact pressure and achieving all-round coverage scraping; Second, it transforms rigid collisions into elastic buffers, protecting the scraper 24 and the inner wall of the rotating drum 12 from damage; Third, when the ring material is thick, the compression of the return spring 231 increases, and the elastic force increases accordingly, automatically increasing the scraping pressure of the scraper 24 on the ring material to ensure strong cutting; when the ring material is thin, the spring compression decreases, and the scraping pressure decreases accordingly, avoiding excessive scraping and damage to the inner wall.

[0036] The following explanation, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, further illustrates the following: See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the device includes a base 1, a protective cover 11 is installed on the top of the base 1, a rotating cylinder 12 for pyrolysis lithium battery is rotatably connected inside the protective cover 11, a protective frame 13 for supporting the rotating cylinder 12 is installed at the left and right ends of the base 1, and a drive motor 14 for driving the rotating cylinder 12 to rotate is provided on the base 1; the rotating cylinder 12 is arranged at an angle, and the arc-shaped mounting plate 23 is inclined along the direction of the rotating cylinder 12.

[0037] The scraping assembly 2 includes: an auxiliary ring 21, installed at both ends of the rotary drum 12; a serpentine hole 22, located on the outer surface of the auxiliary ring 21; an arc-shaped mounting plate 23, with an arc-shaped structure, located inside the rotary drum 12; scraping elements 24, located on the upper surface of the arc-shaped mounting plate 23, arranged in a linear array, and abutting against the top wall of the rotary drum 12; three sliding rods 25, installed in an arc shape on the guard frame 13; expansion springs 26, corresponding one-to-one with the sliding rods 25, and sleeved on the sliding rods 25; and a reciprocating block 27. Corresponding to the expansion spring 26, it is fixedly installed at the end of the expansion spring 26 away from the guard 13 and slidably connected to the sliding rod 25; the ball bearing 28 is rolledly connected below the reciprocating block 27 located in the middle and slidably connected inside the serpentine hole 22; the sleeve 29 is installed at the end of the reciprocating block 27 away from the expansion spring 26 and slidably connected to the sliding rod 25; the connecting block 291 has an L-shaped structure, and its horizontal end is fixedly connected to the end of the sleeve 29 away from the reciprocating block 27, and its vertical end is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped mounting plate 23.

[0038] When the device is working, the drive motor 14 drives the rotary drum 12 to rotate at a constant speed to perform pyrolysis treatment on the retired lithium battery inside. At the same time, the auxiliary rings 21 installed at both ends of the rotary drum 12 rotate synchronously with the rotary drum 12. When the auxiliary rings 21 rotate, the serpentine holes 22 opened on their surface move accordingly. Since the ball bearing 28 is embedded in the serpentine hole 22 and connected to the reciprocating block 27, the trajectory of the serpentine hole 22 forces the ball bearing 28 to drive the reciprocating block 27 to move back and forth along the axis of the sliding rod 25. While the reciprocating block 27 moves, the expansion spring 26 sleeved on the sliding rod 25 is always in a compressed state. The released elastic force continuously pushes the reciprocating block 27, sleeve 29, connecting block 291 and arc mounting plate 23 as a whole towards the top wall of the rotary drum 12, ensuring that the scraper 24 always keeps in close contact with the top wall of the rotary drum 12. Under the push of the expansion spring 26, the arc mounting plate 23 drives the scraper 24 to make left and right reciprocating movements on the top wall of the rotary drum 12. This combination of reciprocating movement and continuous pressing action enables the scraper 24 to perform a comprehensive and continuous cutting and peeling of the ring material on the top wall of the rotary drum 12, similar to a scraper. The arc-shaped mounting plate 23 and the scraper 24 are made of heat-transfer materials, and the arc-shaped mounting plate 23 is arc-shaped in general. This arc shape has a large area of ​​contact with the temperature inside the rotary drum 12. Under the high temperature environment of pyrolysis, they can absorb a lot of heat and conduct it to the contact surface with the ring material, which helps the scraped adhesive to dry and become brittle quickly, making it easier to fall off the scraper 24 and fall into the bottom of the rotary drum 12.

[0039] This invention transforms the circumferential motion of the rotary drum 12 into the axial reciprocating motion of the scraping component 2 through the cooperation of the serpentine hole 22 and the ball bearing 28. Combined with the large-area arc surface of the arc mounting plate 23 and the top wall of the rotary drum 12, the scraping component 24 forms a continuous and dynamic sweep in both the axial and circumferential directions of the rotary drum 12, realizing full-width, no dead angle, and continuous scraping of the top wall of the rotary drum 12. Compared with knocking, this scraping action can generate greater shearing force, effectively peeling the adhesive completely from the wall surface and preventing the formation of hard rings. This invention utilizes an expansion spring 26, a sliding rod 25, and a reciprocating block 27. The constant thrust provided by the expansion spring 26 allows the scraping component 24 to automatically adjust the clamping force according to the thickness and hardness of the knotted material. When the knotted material is thick and soft, the scraper 24 experiences a small reaction force, and the expansion spring 26 pushes it deep into the adhesive layer to achieve a strong cut and ensure the adhesive layer is removed. When the ring material is thin and hard, the scraper 24 is subjected to a large reaction force, which will compress the spring in the opposite direction and automatically reduce the feed amount, so as to avoid damage to the scraper 24 or the inner wall of the rotary drum 12 due to rigid impact. This design enables the device to effectively clean soft deposits and safely handle hard rings when dealing with the complex and varied pyrolysis conditions of retired lithium batteries. Moreover, the scraping operation of this device is specifically designed for the top wall of the rotary drum 12. During the pyrolysis process of the rotary kiln, the material mainly accumulates at the bottom under the action of gravity. The top wall is the main area where the adhesive material sublimates due to high temperature. By cleaning the top wall, the scraped material falls vertically directly into the material layer at the bottom of the rotary drum 12. This not only prevents the cleaned material from sticking to the wall again, but also allows it to immediately participate in the pyrolysis reaction at the bottom, effectively improving the pyrolysis efficiency and heat energy utilization. At the same time, the heat transfer characteristics of the arc-shaped mounting plate 23 and the scraper 24 can scrape and dry the adhesive material at the same time, preventing the scraper 24 itself from sticking to the material, thus ensuring the reliability of long-term operation.

[0040] See Figures 1-5 As shown, the scraping component 24 includes a first scraping block 241 and a second scraping block 242. The first scraping block 241 and the second scraping block 242 are combined in an overall figure-eight structure and distributed along the axial direction of the rotary drum 12. The first scraping block 241 on the left side scrapes out at an angle along the rotary drum 12, and the second scraping block 242 on the right side scrapes out in the opposite direction along the rotary drum 12.

[0041] When the arc-shaped mounting plate 23 abuts against the top wall of the rotary drum 12 under the thrust of the expansion spring 26 and moves axially back and forth under the drive of the reciprocating block 27, the first scraping block 241 and the second scraping block 242 move synchronously. Since the two are in a figure-eight structure and have opposite inclination directions, the first scraping block 241 on the left side forms an inclined scraping along one direction of the rotary drum 12 during the reciprocating motion, while the second scraping block 242 on the right side forms an inclined scraping along the opposite direction. The ring material peeled off from the top wall of the rotary drum 12 by the scraping block is scraped in both directions, thus improving the cleaning efficiency. Guided by the figure-eight structure, the material is guided along the inclined surfaces of the first scraping block 241 and the second scraping block 242 to the surface of the arc-shaped mounting plate 23. The arc-shaped mounting plate 23 itself has an arc-shaped structure with a smooth surface and a certain degree of inclination. Under the action of gravity, the ringed material slides quickly down the arc surface of the arc-shaped mounting plate 23 and falls into the bottom of the rotary drum 12. The combination of the figure-eight structure and the arc-shaped mounting plate 23 ensures that the scraped material is always in a continuous flow state of being scraped away, guided, and slid down, avoiding the material from staying, accumulating, and secondary adhering on the surface of the scraping piece 24 or the arc-shaped mounting plate 23.

[0042] See Figures 2-3 As shown, the rotary drum 12 is arranged at an angle, and the arc-shaped mounting plate 23 is inclined along the direction of the rotary drum 12.

[0043] The rotary drum 12 is arranged at an angle, meaning that there is a certain angle between the axis of the rotary drum 12 and the horizontal plane. It is usually set so that the feed end is higher than the discharge end, so that the material moves slowly forward along the axis under the action of gravity during the rotation of the rotary drum 12, realizing continuous material conveying and gradual advancement of the pyrolysis process. The arc-shaped mounting plate 23 is inclined along the direction of the rotary drum 12, that is, the inclination direction of the arc-shaped mounting plate 23 is consistent with the inclination direction of the rotary drum 12. After the arc-shaped mounting plate 23 is inclined in the same direction, when the ring material peeled off from the top wall of the rotary drum 12 by the scraped part 24 falls to the surface of the arc-shaped mounting plate 23, it automatically slides towards the discharge end along the inclination direction of the arc-shaped mounting plate 23 under the action of gravity, and finally falls into the material layer at the bottom of the rotary drum 12 and is discharged with the main material flow. This directional conveying design avoids the local accumulation or backflow of scraped material on the arc-shaped mounting plate 23, ensuring the continuity and effectiveness of the scraping operation.

[0044] See Figure 3 As shown, a first vibration block 221 is installed on the top of the connecting block 291, a driving block 222 is installed on one side of the top of the guard 13, and a second vibration block 223 is installed on the end of the driving block 222 near the first vibration block 221. Matching inclined grooves are opened on the opposite sides of the first vibration block 221 and the second vibration block 223.

[0045] As the ball bearing 28 slides within the long-stroke groove 212, the scraping assembly 2 undergoes large-amplitude reciprocating motion. During this reciprocating motion, the connecting block 291 drives the first vibrating block 221 to move synchronously. When the first vibrating block 221 moves to the position where it meets the second vibrating block 223, the inclined grooves on opposite sides of the two contact each other, slide past each other and separate, forming a periodic contact and separation cycle. Since the first vibrating block 221 moves back and forth in a straight line with the connecting block 291, while the second vibrating block 223 is fixedly installed on the guard 13, when the first vibrating block 221 passes the second vibrating block 223 each time, the inclined surfaces of the two inclined grooves cooperate to cause the first vibrating block 221 to generate an instantaneous radial displacement or impact. This periodic impact is transmitted to the connecting block 291, and then to the arc-shaped mounting plate 23 and the scraper 24, causing the scraper 24 to generate intermittent vibration. This vibration can destroy the interfacial bonding force between the adhesive and the wall of the rotary drum 12, causing the adhesive to loosen from the wall. Combined with the shearing action of the scraper 24, efficient peeling is achieved by first loosening and then scraping, which significantly improves the removal effect of soft adhesives. Combining the figure-eight guide structure of the scraper 24 and the sliding function of the arc-shaped mounting plate 23, intermittent vibration is transmitted to the surface of the arc-shaped mounting plate 23, which can accelerate the sliding speed of the scraped material along the surface of the arc-shaped mounting plate 23 and prevent the material from staying, accumulating and secondary adhering on the arc-shaped mounting plate 23.

[0046] See Figure 5As shown, the first scraping block 241 and the second scraping block 242 are designed with pointed ends, and the first scraping block 241 and the second scraping block 242 are matched on the inner wall of the rotary drum 12.

[0047] The scraping block adopts a pointed design, which greatly reduces the contact area between it and the inner wall of the rotary drum 12. According to the pressure principle, under the same clamping force, the pointed structure can generate a larger unit area pressure on the contact surface. When the scraping part 24 contacts the clump, the pointed tip can easily penetrate into the interior of the adhesive, destroy its bonding interface with the wall, and achieve efficient cutting and peeling with a smaller driving force. This reduces the resistance of the reciprocating motion of the scraping component 2 and improves the cleaning efficiency. At the same time, for softer adhesives, the tip can penetrate deep into the material and peel it off as a whole; for harder rings, the tip can locally break the hard points by point contact, avoiding chipping or jamming of the scraper 24 due to large-area contact.

[0048] See Figures 6-7 As shown, the arc-shaped mounting plate 23 is provided with a telescopic groove below the scraper 24. A return spring 231 is installed on the bottom wall inside the telescopic groove. A guide block 232 connected to the top of the return spring 231 by a slide rail is installed inside the telescopic groove. The scraper 24 is installed on the top of the guide block 232.

[0049] The scraper 24 is installed on the top of the guide block 232, which is connected to the telescopic groove via a slide rail and can slide up and down along the telescopic groove. The return spring 231 is installed between the bottom wall of the telescopic groove and the guide block 232, and always applies an upward elastic thrust to the guide block 232, keeping the scraper 24 in elastic contact with the top wall of the rotary drum 12. When the rotary drum 12 rotates, if there are micro-unevennesses on the top wall of the rotary drum 12 or uneven thickness of the ring material, the reaction force on the scraper 24 will change in real time. At this time, the guide block 232 overcomes the elastic force of the return spring 231 and slightly expands and contracts within the telescopic groove, allowing the scraper 24 to float with the shape and always stick tightly to the top wall of the rotary drum 12 without rigid jamming. When encountering a local hard protrusion or a large hard ring material, the instantaneous impact force on the scraper 24 increases, and the guide block 232 compresses the return spring 231 and automatically retracts, allowing the scraper 24 to briefly avoid the obstacle. After passing the obstacle, the return spring 231 pushes the scraper. The scraper 24 extends again, resuming its scraping state. This device, through a floating mechanism consisting of a return spring 231 and a guide block 232, achieves several advantages. First, it allows the scraper 24 to follow the microscopic morphological changes of the inner wall of the rotating drum 12 in real time, maintaining a constant contact pressure and enabling comprehensive, blind-spot-free cleaning of the top wall of the rotating drum 12. Second, the scraper 24 automatically retracts to avoid impact, transforming rigid collisions into elastic buffers, protecting both the scraper 24 and the inner wall of the rotating drum 12 from damage, and ensuring continuous and stable operation of the device. Third, when the coiled material is thick, the compression of the return spring 231 increases, and the elastic force increases accordingly, automatically enhancing the scraping pressure of the scraper 24 on the coiled material, ensuring strong penetration. When the coiled material is thin, the spring compression decreases, and the scraping pressure decreases accordingly, avoiding excessive scraping and damage to the inner wall of the rotating drum 12. This dynamic pressure variation characteristic allows the scraping assembly 2 to maintain optimal cleaning performance under different coiling conditions.

[0050] See Figures 8-9 As shown, the adaptive drive component 211 is disposed on the scraping component 2 and is used to drive the scraping component 2 to adjust the scraping force, adapting to different scraping forces. The adaptive drive component 211 includes a long stroke groove 212 and a short stroke groove 213 formed on the surface of the auxiliary ring 21. The serpentine hole 22 is composed of the connected long stroke groove 212 and short stroke groove 213. The long stroke groove 212 is disposed at the upper and lower ends of the auxiliary ring 21, and the short stroke groove 213 is disposed at the left and right ends of the auxiliary ring 21. The axial span of the long stroke groove 212 is greater than the axial span of the short stroke groove 213, so that when the ball 28 slides in the long stroke groove 212, it drives the scraping component 2 to produce a large reciprocating motion, and when it slides in the short stroke groove 213, it drives the scraping component 2 to produce a small reciprocating motion.

[0051] When the ball bearing 28 enters the long-stroke groove 212, due to the long axial span of this section of the groove, the ball bearing 28, as it rotates with the auxiliary ring 21, will drive the reciprocating block 27, sleeve 29, connecting block 291, and arc-shaped mounting plate 23 to produce a large-amplitude axial reciprocating motion. At this time, the scraper 24 performs long-distance, large-area scraping operations on the top wall of the rotary drum 12, which can powerfully remove soft adhesive materials distributed over a large area. When the auxiliary ring 21 continues to rotate, and the ball bearing 28 transitions from the long-stroke groove 212 into the short-stroke groove 213, due to the long axial span of this section of the groove... The axial span of the channel is relatively short, and the reciprocating motion amplitude generated by the ball bearing 28 driving the scraping component 2 is correspondingly reduced. At this time, the scraping component 24 performs a short-distance, small-area fine scraping operation on the top wall of the rotary drum 12, which is suitable for removing small residual rings or hardened particles. The long stroke groove 212 is connected to the short stroke groove 213. As the auxiliary ring 21 rotates continuously, the ball bearing 28 automatically switches between the two grooves periodically, so that the scraping component 2 alternates between large-amplitude reciprocating scraping and small-amplitude reciprocating scraping. The automatic cycle of the cleaning mode can be achieved without additional control elements. Each time the auxiliary ring 21 rotates, the balls 28 pass through the upper long stroke groove 212, the right short stroke groove 213, the lower long stroke groove 212, and the left short stroke groove 213 in sequence, completing a complete cleaning cycle. This circumferential symmetrical layout ensures that the inner wall of the rotary drum 12 undergoes two large-scale cleanings and two small-scale cleanings in each rotation cycle, ensuring the uniformity and continuity of the cleaning operation.

[0052] The device uses an alternating design of long-stroke groove 212 and short-stroke groove 213 to automatically switch the cleaning mode during operation. The large reciprocating mode is for the strong peeling of soft adhesives, while the small reciprocating mode is for the precise breaking of hard rings. This achieves adaptive matching of working conditions throughout the entire pyrolysis cycle. In addition, when the ball 28 enters the short-stroke groove 213, the movement amplitude of the scraping component 2 automatically decreases, so that each reciprocating motion of the scraping component 24 is precisely applied to the area where the ring is located. This avoids energy loss and component wear caused by ineffective strokes and significantly improves the energy efficiency ratio of the cleaning operation.

[0053] See Figure 9 As shown, the included angle between the upper long stroke grooves 212 is greater than the included angle between the lower long stroke grooves 212, and the included angle between the left short stroke grooves 213 is smaller than the included angle between the right short stroke grooves 213.

[0054] It should be noted that the included angle determines the axial movement speed of the ball bearing 28: the larger the included angle, the slower the reciprocating speed; the smaller the included angle, the faster the reciprocating speed.

[0055] As the auxiliary ring 21 rotates continuously, the balls 28 pass through each groove section sequentially along the serpentine hole 22. The scraping assembly 2 obtains differentiated scraping parameters at different phases of the rotary drum 12. The specific working process is as follows: When the ball bearing 28 runs to the upper end of the auxiliary ring 21, it enters the upper long stroke groove 212. Since the included angle of this groove section is large, the scraping component 2 performs large reciprocating motion at a slower speed. The slower motion speed prolongs the contact time between the scraping part 24 and the top wall of the rotary drum 12, and the thrust of the expansion spring 26 is fully transmitted to ensure that the ring material in the upper area of ​​the rotary drum 12 is completely removed. As the auxiliary ring 21 continues to rotate, the ball 28 enters the short stroke groove 213 on the left side from the upper long stroke groove 212. The included angle of this groove is small, and the scraping component 2 performs small reciprocating motion at a relatively fast speed. The faster motion speed increases the dynamic clamping force of the scraper 24 on the left side wall of the rotary drum 12, which is suitable for powerfully breaking the hard rings in the left area. The ball bearing 28 continues to run to the lower long stroke groove 212, where the included angle of the groove is smaller than that of the upper long stroke groove 212. The scraping component 2 performs large reciprocating motion at a relatively fast speed. At this time, the scraper 24 is located at the bottom of the rotary drum 12, which further increases the pressure of the scraper 24 on the wall surface, and efficiently removes the ring material in the lower area of ​​the rotary drum 12. The ball bearing 28 continues to run to the short stroke groove 213 on the right side, where the included angle is greater than that of the left short stroke groove 213. The scraping component 2 performs a small reciprocating motion at a slower speed to finely trim the local rings in the right area of ​​the rotary drum 12. Each time the auxiliary ring 21 rotates once, the ball bearing 28 goes through the above four stages in sequence, completing a complete cleaning cycle; The device, through the design of a large included angle in the upper long stroke groove 212 and a small included angle in the lower long stroke groove 212, allows the scraping component 2 to scrape slowly at the upper end of the rotary drum 12, ensuring that the thrust of the expansion spring 26 is fully transmitted and achieving efficient removal. Furthermore, through the design of a small included angle in the left short stroke groove 213 and a large included angle in the right short stroke groove 213, the scraping component 2 can obtain a large clamping force with rapid movement on the left side, which is suitable for powerfully breaking up stubborn hard rings; and obtain a moderate scraping force with slow movement on the right side, which is suitable for fine trimming.

[0056] In summary, this device, through the cooperation of serpentine holes and ball bearings, transforms the circumferential motion of the rotary drum into the axial reciprocating motion of the scraping component. Combined with the large-area arc-shaped mounting plate's fit against the top wall of the rotary drum, the scraping component achieves continuous sweeping in both the axial and circumferential directions of the rotary drum. This enables full-width, no-dead-angle, and continuous scraping of the top wall of the rotary drum, effectively solving the problems of chain-driven point-like oscillation within a single axial section, small scraping coverage, and easy hardening of residue into stubborn rings. Compared to hammering, this scraping action generates greater shearing force, completely removing the adhesive from the wall surface. The entire process is peeled off, preventing the formation of hard rings. Furthermore, the present invention uses a constant thrust provided by an expansion spring to allow the scraper to automatically adjust the clamping force according to the thickness and hardness of the ring: when the ring is thick and soft, the scraper penetrates deep into the adhesive layer to achieve a powerful cut; when the ring is thin and hard, the scraper compresses the spring in the opposite direction to automatically reduce the feed amount. This effectively solves the problem of fixed scraping force and inability to adapt the scraping force to different scraping states. This allows the device to effectively clean soft adhesives and safely handle hard rings when dealing with complex and variable pyrolysis conditions of retired lithium batteries.

[0057] Furthermore, this device configures the serpentine orifice as a combination of long-stroke and short-stroke grooves, with the axial span of the long-stroke groove being greater than that of the short-stroke groove. This allows the ball bearings to drive the scraping component to produce a large reciprocating motion when sliding in the long-stroke groove to remove large areas of soft, adhesive material, and to drive the scraping component to produce a small reciprocating motion when sliding in the short-stroke groove to break up localized hard rings. As the auxiliary ring rotates continuously, the ball bearings automatically and periodically switch between the two types of grooves, achieving automatic cycling of the scraping mode without the need for additional control components. This solves the problem that existing technologies cannot adapt different scraping widths according to the state of the ringed material. This invention addresses the issue of speed while avoiding energy loss and component wear caused by ineffective strokes, significantly improving the energy efficiency ratio of scraping operations. Furthermore, the design of the upper long stroke groove with a large included angle and the lower long stroke groove with a small included angle allows the scraping component to scrape slowly at the top of the rotating drum, ensuring full transmission of the expansion spring thrust for efficient removal. Additionally, the design of the left short stroke groove with a small included angle and the right short stroke groove with a large included angle allows the scraping component to obtain greater clamping force with rapid movement on the left side, suitable for powerfully breaking up stubborn hard rings; and to obtain moderate scraping force with slow movement on the right side, suitable for fine trimming.

[0058] Example 2 This embodiment provides a cleaning method for the rotary pyrolysis device for retired lithium batteries as described in Embodiment 1. The method includes the following steps: The rotary drum 12 rotates at a constant speed, causing the auxiliary rings 21 installed at both ends of the rotary drum 12 to rotate synchronously. When the auxiliary rings 21 rotate, the serpentine holes 22 on the surface of the auxiliary rings 21 drive the ball bearings 28 to move, causing the reciprocating block 27 to move back and forth along the sliding rod 25 axially. The expansion spring 26 sleeved on the sliding rod 25 always pushes the arc-shaped mounting plate 23 and the scraper 24 against the top wall of the rotary drum 12, so that the scraper 24 keeps in close contact with the top wall of the rotary drum 12 and performs reciprocating scraping. When the ball bearings 28 slide in the long stroke groove 212, they drive the scraper assembly 2 to perform large reciprocating motion. When the ball bearings 28 slide in the short stroke groove 213, they drive the scraper assembly 2 to perform small reciprocating motion. As the auxiliary ring 21 rotates, the ball bearings 28 periodically and automatically switch between the long stroke groove 212 and the short stroke groove 213.

[0059] The variable span design of the serpentine orifice 22 enables automatic switching of the scraping amplitude according to the rotation cycle of the auxiliary ring 21, eliminating the need for sensor or controller intervention. This purely mechanical adaptive mechanism reduces the failure rate. The alternation of large and small reciprocating motions allows the same scraping component 2 to handle both large areas of soft adhesives and localized hard rings, covering different working conditions throughout the pyrolysis process. In actual operation, the auxiliary ring 21 completes one full cycle with each rotation, ensuring the cleanliness of the inner wall of the rotating drum 12 during long-term operation.

[0060] Specifically, during operation, the drive motor 14 drives the inclined rotary drum 12 to rotate at a constant speed, the auxiliary ring 21 rotates synchronously, the serpentine hole 22 drives the ball bearings 28, causing the reciprocating block 27 to move back and forth along the sliding rod 25 axially. The expansion spring 26 constantly pushes the arc-shaped mounting plate 23 and the scraper 24 against the top wall of the rotary drum 12, keeping the scraper 24 in close contact and performing reciprocating scraping. The scraper 24 has a figure-eight-shaped bidirectional tip structure, and forms inclined scraping in both directions during reciprocating motion. The stripped material is guided along the inclined surface of the scraper 24 to the surface of the arc-shaped mounting plate 23. A return spring 231 and a guide block 232 are provided below the scraper 24, so that the scraper 24 can float with the microscopic morphology of the inner wall of the rotary drum 12, and automatically retracts to avoid hard protrusions. The serpentine hole 22 consists of a long-stroke groove 212 and a short-stroke groove 213. The ball bearing 28 drives the scraping component 2 to reciprocate significantly in the long-stroke groove 212 and to reciprocate slightly in the short-stroke groove 213. The movement automatically switches as the auxiliary ring 21 rotates. The angle of the upper long-stroke groove 212 is greater than that of the lower long-stroke groove 212, and the angle of the left short-stroke groove 213 is smaller than that of the right short-stroke groove 213. A larger angle results in a slower movement speed, while a smaller angle results in a faster movement speed. The ball bearing 28 sequentially passes through two sets of long-stroke grooves 212 and two sets of short-stroke grooves 213, completing one cycle. The connecting block 291 is provided with a first vibrating block 221, and the guard 13 is provided with a second vibrating block 223. Inclined grooves are opened on opposite sides of the two. When the ball 28 reciprocates in the long stroke groove 212, the first vibrating block 221 and the second vibrating block 223 periodically come into contact and disengage, generating intermittent impacts that are transmitted to the scraper 24, causing the scraper 24 to vibrate. The rotary drum 12 is inclined, and the arc-shaped mounting plate 23 is inclined in the same direction. After the scraped material falls onto the arc-shaped mounting plate 23, it automatically slides down towards the discharge end along the inclined direction under the action of gravity and falls into the bottom of the rotary drum 12 and is discharged with the main material flow.

[0061] Example 3 This embodiment provides an application of the rotary pyrolysis device for retired lithium batteries described in Embodiment 1 in the pyrolysis treatment of retired lithium batteries.

[0062] The pyrolysis treatment of retired lithium batteries refers to heating waste lithium batteries under oxygen-free or oxygen-limited conditions to decompose organic components such as separators and electrolytes into small molecule oil and gas, while simultaneously separating positive and negative electrode materials from current collectors.

[0063] In this application scenario, the inner wall of the rotary drum 12 is prone to forming rings due to the melting of organic matter. This device can effectively remove these rings, ensuring the continuity of the pyrolysis process and the efficiency of heat transfer. In specific applications, the drive motor 14 rotates the rotary drum 12, and the scraping component 2 automatically performs the scraping operation during the rotation of the rotary drum 12. The scraped material falls directly into the material layer at the bottom of the rotary drum 12 to participate in the pyrolysis reaction, avoiding secondary adhesion.

[0064] This application is not limited to retired lithium batteries, but can also be extended to the pyrolysis treatment of similar materials such as waste tires and sludge. However, it has a particularly significant effect in the treatment of retired lithium batteries because the organic binders and separators in lithium batteries have high viscosity and are prone to forming rings in the early stage of pyrolysis. The variable amplitude adaptive scraping capability of this device can effectively solve this problem.

[0065] While the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, they are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rotary pyrolysis device for retired lithium batteries, comprising a rotary drum and a support frame for supporting the rotary drum, characterized in that, The guardrail is equipped with a scraping component; The scraping assembly includes auxiliary rings installed at both ends of the rotary drum. The outer surface of the auxiliary rings is provided with serpentine holes. An arc-shaped mounting plate is provided inside the upper part of the rotary drum. A scraping component that abuts against the top wall of the rotary drum is installed on the upper surface of the arc-shaped mounting plate. A sliding rod is installed on the guard. An expansion spring is sleeved on the sliding rod. One end of the expansion spring is connected to a reciprocating block. A ball bearing that rolls in the serpentine holes is connected to the reciprocating block. The reciprocating block is connected to the arc-shaped mounting plate through a connecting block.

2. The rotary pyrolysis apparatus for retired lithium batteries as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a base, with a protective cover installed on the top of the base. The rotary drum is rotatably connected inside the protective cover. The protective frame is installed on the left and right ends of the base. The base is equipped with a drive motor for driving the rotary drum to rotate.

3. The rotary pyrolysis device for retired lithium batteries as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The scraping assembly is equipped with an adaptive drive assembly, which includes long-stroke grooves and short-stroke grooves formed on the surface of the auxiliary ring. The serpentine hole is composed of the connected long-stroke grooves and short-stroke grooves.

4. The rotary pyrolysis apparatus for retired lithium batteries as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Long-stroke grooves are located at the top and bottom ends of the auxiliary ring, while short-stroke grooves are located at the left and right ends of the auxiliary ring. The axial span of the long-stroke grooves is greater than that of the short-stroke grooves.

5. The rotary pyrolysis apparatus for retired lithium batteries as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The angle between the upper long-stroke slots is greater than the angle between the lower long-stroke slots, and the angle between the left short-stroke slots is smaller than the angle between the right short-stroke slots.

6. The rotary pyrolysis apparatus for retired lithium batteries as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple sliding rods are mounted on the guard frame in an arc shape. Each sliding rod is fitted with an expansion spring. A reciprocating block is fixedly installed at the end of each expansion spring away from the guard frame. The reciprocating block is slidably connected to the sliding rod. A ball bearing is rolled below the reciprocating block located in the middle. A sleeve is installed at the end of the reciprocating block away from the expansion spring. The sleeve is slidably connected to the sliding rod. The connecting block has an L-shaped structure. The horizontal end of the connecting block is fixedly connected to the end of the sleeve away from the reciprocating block. The vertical end of the connecting block is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped mounting plate.

7. The rotary pyrolysis apparatus for retired lithium batteries as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The scraping component includes a first scraping block and a second scraping block. The first scraping block and the second scraping block are combined in a figure-eight shape and distributed along the axial direction of the rotating drum. The first scraping block on the left scrapes out at an angle along the rotating drum, and the second scraping block on the right scrapes out in the opposite direction along the rotating drum. The first scraping block and the second scraping block are designed with pointed tips and match the inner wall of the rotating drum.

8. The rotary pyrolysis apparatus for retired lithium batteries as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The arc-shaped mounting plate has a telescopic groove below the scraper. A return spring is installed on the bottom wall inside the telescopic groove. A guide block connected to the top of the return spring via a slide rail is installed inside the telescopic groove. The scraper is installed on the top of the guide block.

9. A method for cleaning a decommissioned lithium battery rotary pyrolysis device, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The rotary drum rotates at a constant speed, causing the auxiliary rings installed at both ends of the rotary drum to rotate synchronously; When the auxiliary ring rotates, the serpentine holes on the surface of the auxiliary ring drive the ball bearings to move, causing the reciprocating block to move back and forth along the sliding rod axis. The expansion spring sleeved on the sliding rod always pushes the arc-shaped mounting plate and scraper against the top wall of the rotary drum, so that the scraper keeps in close contact with the top wall of the rotary drum and performs reciprocating scraping. When the ball slides in the long stroke groove, it drives the scraping component to perform large reciprocating motion. When the ball slides in the short stroke groove, it drives the scraping component to perform small reciprocating motion. As the auxiliary ring rotates, the ball automatically switches between the long stroke groove and the short stroke groove periodically.

10. The application of a rotary pyrolysis apparatus for retired lithium batteries as described in any one of claims 1-8 in the pyrolysis treatment of retired lithium batteries.

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