A method for relaying field bus with optical channel extension and related device

Abstract

The application discloses a field bus relay method with optical channel expansion and related devices, which comprises a main control unit, an electric signal relay unit and an optical channel expansion unit. The electric signal relay unit performs signal regeneration, waveform shaping and time sequence recovery on the attenuated bus signal; the optical channel expansion unit realizes bidirectional seamless conversion between the electric signal domain and the optical signal domain; the main control unit supports flexible configuration of four relay modes of electric-electric, electric-optical, optical-electric and optical-optical, and integrates adaptive equalization algorithm and fault self-healing isolation mechanism. Through the photoelectric hybrid architecture, a single module can adapt to various complex industrial scene scenarios, effectively resist strong electromagnetic interference while extending the communication distance, dynamically compensate signal transmission loss, and realize millisecond-level automatic isolation and network partial self-healing when the network segment fails, thereby significantly improving the communication reliability and maintainability of the field bus system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of industrial fieldbus communication technology, specifically relating to a fieldbus relay method and related devices with optical channel extension. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous improvement of industrial automation, fieldbus technology, as a crucial link connecting field devices and control systems, has been widely applied in manufacturing, energy, chemical, and other fields. Fieldbus protocols such as Profibus-DP and Modbus RTU, with their advantages of high reliability, strong anti-interference capabilities, and simple wiring, have become the mainstream communication standards for industrial control networks. However, in practical engineering applications, fieldbus systems often face complex physical environment challenges. For example, the wide distribution of equipment in large production workshops can cause communication distances to exceed the limits of protocol standards, and strong electromagnetic interference generated by frequency converters, high-voltage equipment, etc., can severely affect signal quality.

[0003] In existing technologies, electrical repeaters are typically used to amplify and shape signals to address the signal attenuation problem in fieldbus systems. However, traditional electrical repeaters can only regenerate signals within the electrical domain and cannot penetrate areas with strong electromagnetic interference. Furthermore, the noise accumulation effect is significant when multiple repeaters are cascaded, leading to an increase in the communication error rate. For long-distance transmission requirements, some projects use independent optoelectronic converters to achieve electro-optical-electro-electric conversion. However, these devices are limited in function, supporting only fixed optoelectronic conversion modes and cannot be flexibly configured for electro-electric or optical-optical repeater modes based on the site conditions. They also lack intelligent fault management capabilities; when a short circuit or open circuit occurs in one segment, it often paralyzes the entire communication network. In addition, existing repeater equipment often uses signal processing circuits with fixed parameters, unable to dynamically adjust compensation parameters according to the actual losses of the transmission line, resulting in poor adaptability in complex and variable industrial environments. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a high-performance repeater solution that integrates hybrid optoelectronic repeaters, adaptive signal compensation, and intelligent fault management. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fieldbus relay method and related devices with optical channel extension, which solves the problems of signal attenuation and communication reliability of fieldbus in long-distance transmission and strong electromagnetic interference environment, realizes seamless conversion of bus signals between electrical and optical domains and self-healing isolation of network faults.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a fieldbus relay device with optical channel extension, comprising a main control unit, an electrical signal relay unit and an optical channel extension unit, wherein the electrical signal relay unit is electrically connected to the main control unit, and the optical channel extension unit is electrically connected to both the main control unit and the electrical signal relay unit. The electrical signal relay unit is configured to perform signal regeneration, waveform shaping, and timing recovery on the received attenuated bus signal; The optical channel expansion unit is configured to perform bidirectional seamless switching between the electrical signal domain and the optical signal domain; The main control unit is configured to be able to be configured as any one of the following modes according to the on-site engineering requirements: electric-electric relay mode, electric-optical relay mode, optical-electric relay mode, or optical-optical relay mode.

[0006] Preferably, the electrical signal relay unit includes at least four electrical signal interfaces, and each electrical signal interface is equipped with a low-noise differential amplifier circuit.

[0007] Preferably, the low-noise differential amplifier circuit includes a pre-differential amplifier stage, a main amplifier stage, and an output driver stage, wherein: The pre-differential amplifier stage is used to amplify the received attenuated bus signal and suppress common-mode interference; The main amplification stage is used to adjust the gain of the signal output from the pre-differential amplification stage; The output driver stage is used to output the signal from the main amplifier stage with low impedance.

[0008] Preferably, the optical channel expansion unit includes at least two optical signal interfaces, each optical signal interface is equipped with a photoelectric conversion module and an optical transceiver device, and the photoelectric conversion module and the optical transceiver device are connected bidirectionally.

[0009] Preferably, the photoelectric conversion module includes an electro-optical conversion channel and a photoelectric conversion channel, wherein: The electro-optic conversion channel is used to convert electrical signals into optical signals; The photoelectric conversion channel is used to convert optical signals into electrical signals.

[0010] Preferably, the main control unit includes an adaptive equalization algorithm module, which further includes a signal quality monitoring subunit, an equalization coefficient calculation subunit, and a filter configuration subunit, wherein: The signal quality monitoring subunit is configured to extract signal quality parameters of the received signal in real time. The equalization coefficient calculation subunit is constructed based on the minimum mean square error algorithm and combines signal quality parameters to calculate the optimal equalization coefficient. The filter configuration subunit is constructed to configure the calculated optimal equalization coefficients to the digital filter for dynamic compensation of the received signal.

[0011] Preferably, the main control unit further includes a fault self-healing isolation mechanism, which includes a fault detection subunit, a logic judgment subunit, an isolation execution subunit, and a fault recording and reporting subunit, wherein: The fault detection subunit is configured to monitor the signal loss status, continuous abnormal level status and communication timeout status of each network segment in real time. The logic judgment subunit is configured to confirm the detected abnormal state based on the preset fault judgment threshold and duration threshold, and transmit the abnormal confirmation result to the isolation execution subunit. The isolation execution subunit is configured to disconnect the physical layer connection of the faulty network segment by controlling a solid-state relay or an analog switch array, while maintaining the normal communication path of other network segments, thereby achieving partial self-healing of the network. The fault recording and reporting subunit is configured to record the timestamp of the fault occurrence, the fault type and the fault duration while isolating the faulty network segment, and report the fault information to the host computer or remote monitoring system through the diagnostic interface.

[0012] Secondly, the present invention provides a signal relay method based on a fieldbus relay module with optical channel extension, applied to the aforementioned fieldbus relay device with optical channel extension, comprising the following steps: Based on the on-site engineering requirements, configure the electrical-electrical, electrical-optical, optical-electrical, or optical-optical relay modes, and control the transmission path of the switching signal between the electrical signal relay unit and the optical channel extension unit according to the configuration results; The system receives fieldbus signals. If the signal is an electrical signal, the electrical signal relay unit preprocesses the attenuated electrical signal. The preprocessing includes signal regeneration, waveform shaping, and timing recovery. If the signal is an optical signal, the optical channel extension unit receives the signal and performs optical-to-electrical signal conversion, and then transmits it to the electrical signal relay unit. Adaptive equalization is performed on the pre-processed electrical signal to counteract signal attenuation and interference caused by the transmission line, compensate for signal transmission loss, and complete signal relay transmission.

[0013] Thirdly, the present invention provides an electronic device including a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores computer instructions, and when the computer instructions are executed by the processor, the electronic device performs the method described thereon.

[0014] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer program product, the computer program product including computer-executable instructions, which, when executed, implement the method described.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention provides a fieldbus repeater module with optical channel extension. Through a collaborative architecture of a main control unit, an electrical signal repeater unit, and an optical channel extension unit, it achieves flexible configuration of multiple repeater modes. This allows for free switching between four modes—electrical-electrical, electrical-optical, optical-electrical, and optical-optical—according to field engineering needs, adapting to different communication scenarios without hardware replacement, greatly simplifying engineering design and equipment inventory management. The electrical signal repeater unit regenerates, reshapes, and restores the timing of attenuated bus signals, effectively eliminating distortion and jitter introduced by long-distance transmission. The optical channel extension unit achieves seamless bidirectional conversion between the electrical and optical domains, enabling signals to traverse areas with strong electromagnetic interference in fiber optic form, significantly improving anti-interference capabilities. The main control unit supports adaptive equalization and fault self-healing. The former ensures signal integrity after up to 2000 meters of fiber optic transmission through dynamic compensation for transmission loss, while the latter can automatically isolate faulty segments and maintain communication in other segments within milliseconds when short circuits or open circuits occur in a network segment, significantly improving the system's mean time between failures (MTBF) and overall reliability.

[0016] Furthermore, by defining the low-noise differential amplifier circuit as a three-stage cascaded architecture consisting of a pre-differential amplifier stage, a main amplifier stage, and an output driver stage, a complete link optimization is achieved, from high-fidelity amplification of weak signals to flexible gain adjustment and strong driving capability output: the pre-differential amplifier stage adopts a low-noise design to effectively suppress common-mode interference and ensure pure amplification of attenuated signals; the main amplifier stage adapts to signal amplitude changes under different transmission distances through programmable gain adjustment; and the output driver stage provides low-impedance output to ensure that the signal maintains a complete waveform under long cable loads. The three-stage collaboration enables the electrical signal relay unit to maintain an extremely low bit error rate while extending the communication distance.

[0017] Furthermore, the defined adaptive equalization algorithm module extracts key parameters such as eye diagram opening, jitter value, and signal-to-noise ratio in real time through the signal quality monitoring subunit. The equalization coefficient calculation subunit dynamically solves for the optimal equalization coefficient based on the minimum mean square error algorithm. The filter configuration subunit configures the coefficients to the digital filter in real time to dynamically compensate for the received signal, thereby accurately offsetting the frequency-selective fading and inter-symbol interference of the transmission line. This solves the problem of poor adaptability of traditional fixed-parameter compensation circuits in complex industrial environments, and maintains signal integrity even after transmission over a fiber optic cable up to 2000 meters long. Claim 7 Furthermore, the defined fault self-healing isolation mechanism monitors fault states such as signal loss, continuous abnormal level, and communication timeout in real time through the fault detection subunit. The logic judgment subunit confirms the anomaly based on a preset threshold to avoid misjudgment due to momentary interference. After confirming the fault, the isolation execution subunit quickly disconnects the physical layer connection of the faulty network segment through solid-state relays or analog switch arrays while maintaining normal communication of other network segments. The fault recording and reporting subunit records the fault information synchronously and uploads it to the host computer, realizing millisecond-level automatic isolation and partial self-healing of network faults, which significantly improves the system's mean time between failures and maintainability. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the fieldbus relay module with optical channel extension of the present invention. The diagram shows the layout relationship of the housing, main control unit, electrical signal relay unit and optical channel extension unit, as well as the electrical connection method between each unit. Figure 2 The circuit block diagram of the electrical signal relay unit shows in detail the three-stage cascaded architecture of the low-noise differential amplifier circuit, including the pre-differential amplifier stage, the main amplifier stage and the output driver stage, as well as the connection relationship of each stage; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the optical channel extension unit, showing the composition of the photoelectric conversion module, including the laser driving circuit and vertical cavity surface-emitting laser of the electro-optic conversion channel, as well as the avalanche photodiode and transimpedance amplifier circuit of the photoelectric conversion channel. Figure 4 This is a block diagram illustrating the working principle of the adaptive equalization algorithm module, showing the data flow relationship between the signal quality monitoring subunit, the equalization coefficient calculation subunit, and the filter configuration subunit. Figure 5 The flowchart of the fault self-healing isolation mechanism shows the workflow of fault detection, logical judgment, isolation execution and fault recording and reporting. Figure 6 This is a typical application topology diagram of the relay module of the present invention in the control system of a coal-fired power plant unit, showing the connection method between the module and the field I / O station in the DCS system. Detailed Implementation

[0019] In the following description, specific details such as particular system architectures and techniques are set forth for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of this application. However, those skilled in the art will understand that this application may also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, apparatuses, circuits, and methods have been omitted so as not to obscure the description of this application with unnecessary detail.

[0020] It should be understood that, when used in this application specification and the appended claims, the term "comprising" indicates the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or a collection thereof.

[0021] It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in this application specification and the appended claims means any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0022] As used in this application specification and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as "when," "once," "in response to determination," or "in response to detection." Similarly, the phrase "if determined" or "if detected [the described condition or event]" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as meaning "once determined," "in response to determination," "once detected [the described condition or event]," or "in response to detection [the described condition or event]."

[0023] Furthermore, in the description of this application and the appended claims, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0024] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" as described in this specification mean that one or more embodiments of this application include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," "in still other embodiments," etc., appearing in different parts of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more, but not all, embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0025] Example 1 This embodiment provides a fieldbus repeater device with optical channel extension. This module adopts a modular design concept and achieves flexible signal repeating functionality through a hybrid optoelectronic architecture. Specifically, the fieldbus repeater module involved in this embodiment includes a housing and a main control unit, an electrical signal repeater unit, and an optical channel extension unit disposed within the housing, wherein: The electrical signal relay unit is electrically connected to the main control unit, and the optical channel extension unit is electrically connected to both the main control unit and the electrical signal relay unit. The units interact and work together through an internal bus and control signal lines.

[0026] The electrical signal relay unit is configured to perform signal regeneration, waveform shaping, and timing recovery on the received attenuated bus signal; The optical channel expansion unit is configured to perform bidirectional seamless switching between the electrical signal domain and the optical signal domain; The main control unit is configured to be able to be configured as any one of the following modes according to the on-site engineering requirements: electric-electric relay mode, electric-optical relay mode, optical-electric relay mode, or optical-optical relay mode.

[0027] The electrical signal relay unit includes at least four electrical signal interfaces: a first electrical signal interface, a second electrical signal interface, a third electrical signal interface, and a fourth electrical signal interface. Each electrical signal interface is equipped with a low-noise differential amplifier circuit. The four electrical signal interfaces have identical electrical performance and can all be used as input or output interfaces. They can be paired in pairs to achieve multi-segment relay or redundant networking.

[0028] This low-noise differential amplifier circuit adopts a three-stage cascaded architecture, including a pre-differential amplifier stage, a main amplifier stage, and an output driver stage, wherein: The pre-differential amplifier stage uses a low-noise operational amplifier chip, with an equivalent input noise voltage density of less than 3.5. This ensures high-fidelity amplification of weak signals; The main amplification stage uses a programmable gain amplifier with a gain adjustment range of 0dB to 40dB, which can automatically or manually adjust the gain according to the amplitude of the input signal. The output driver stage uses a current feedback amplifier to provide low-impedance output drive capability, ensuring signal integrity even under long cable loads.

[0029] The electrical signal relay unit is configured to regenerate, shape, and restore the timing of the received attenuated bus signal, eliminating distortion and jitter generated during signal transmission.

[0030] The optical channel expansion unit includes at least two optical signal interfaces, namely a first optical signal interface and a second optical signal interface. Each optical signal interface is equipped with a photoelectric conversion module and an optical transceiver device. The optical transceiver device is the physical execution element of the photoelectric conversion module, which is installed at the optical signal interface and electrically connected to the drive / receiver circuit of the photoelectric conversion module.

[0031] The photoelectric conversion module includes an electro-optical conversion channel and a photoelectric conversion channel. The electro-optical conversion channel includes a laser driving circuit and a vertical cavity surface-emitting laser, which is used to convert electrical signals into optical signals. The photoelectric conversion channel includes an avalanche photodiode and a transimpedance amplifier circuit, which is used to convert received optical signals into electrical signals.

[0032] The optical signal interface supports the connection of single-mode and multi-mode optical fibers and is equipped with an automatic power control circuit to stabilize the optical transmission power. The automatic power control circuit is integrated into the electro-optical conversion channel of the photoelectric conversion module and forms a feedback control loop with the optical transceiver device to ensure the stability of the optical output power under different temperature and aging conditions.

[0033] The optical channel extension unit is configured to enable bidirectional seamless conversion between the electrical signal domain and the optical signal domain, realizing long-distance, highly interference-resistant transmission of bus signals through optical fiber.

[0034] The main control unit uses a high-performance embedded processor, specifically a dual-core processor architecture. One core is dedicated to real-time signal processing and the execution of adaptive equalization algorithms, while the other core is used for fault monitoring, mode configuration, and communication management. The two cores interact efficiently with each other through shared memory.

[0035] The main control unit is equipped with an adaptive equalization algorithm module, which includes a signal quality monitoring subunit, an equalization coefficient calculation subunit, and a filter configuration subunit, wherein: The signal quality monitoring subunit is configured to extract quality parameters such as eye diagram opening, jitter value and signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal in real time; The equalization coefficient calculation subunit calculates the optimal equalization coefficient based on the minimum mean square error algorithm and signal quality parameters. The filter configuration subunit configures the calculated optimal equalization coefficients to the digital filter, which is located in the main control unit. Its input is connected to the output of the high-speed ADC, and its output is connected to the protocol parsing module or the output driving circuit. It is used to perform dynamic compensation of the received signal in the digital domain to offset the frequency selective fading and inter-symbol interference of the transmission line.

[0036] The main control unit is also equipped with a fault self-healing isolation mechanism, which includes a fault detection subunit, a logic judgment subunit, an isolation execution subunit, and a fault recording and reporting subunit, wherein: The fault detection subunit is configured to monitor the signal loss status, continuous abnormal level status, and communication timeout status of each network segment in real time. The logic judgment subunit confirms the detected abnormal state based on the preset fault judgment threshold and duration threshold to avoid misjudgment caused by momentary interference. When a persistent fault is confirmed in a certain network segment, the isolation execution subunit cuts off the physical layer connection of the faulty network segment by controlling solid-state relays or analog switch arrays, while maintaining the normal communication path of other network segments, thus realizing partial self-healing of the network. The fault recording and reporting subunit records the timestamp of the fault occurrence, the fault type, and the fault duration while isolating the faulty network segment, and reports the fault information to the host computer or remote monitoring system through the diagnostic interface.

[0037] The fieldbus relay module of the present invention further includes an electrical isolation module, which includes a power isolation unit and a signal isolation unit, wherein: The power isolation unit uses an isolated DC-DC converter to achieve electrical isolation between the interfaces. The isolated DC-DC converter is set in the electrical isolation module. Its input end is connected to an external power supply, and its output end is independently connected to the main control unit, the electrical signal relay unit and the optical channel expansion unit, respectively, to provide isolated power supply for each unit.

[0038] The signal isolation unit employs magnetic or capacitive isolation devices to achieve electrical isolation of data signals. These devices are housed within the electrical isolation module and connected in series on the signal lines between the main control unit and the electrical signal relay unit, as well as between the main control unit and the optical channel expansion unit. The isolation withstand voltage of the electrical isolation module is preferably not less than 2500Vrms to ensure safety and reliability under high-voltage conditions.

[0039] The main control unit is also equipped with a protocol parsing and reconstruction module. This module is designed to parse the protocol layer information of received fieldbus data frames, including start bits, data bits, parity bits, and stop bits. It maintains the protocol integrity of the data frame during photoelectric or electro-optical conversion. Specifically, through frame boundary identification, complete frame buffer storage, and reconstruction of the data frame according to the original timing parameters, it ensures that the order and timing relationship of data bits, parity bits, and control bits remain unchanged during the conversion process. This ensures that the converted signal strictly conforms to the timing and data format requirements of the original fieldbus protocol. By comparing the converted signal with the built-in protocol timing template and performing CRC checks and loop closure tests, it verifies that its baud rate, bit timing, and data format conform to the original protocol standard, avoiding protocol errors introduced during the conversion process.

[0040] The relay module of this invention supports flexible configuration of multiple operating modes. The main control unit is configured to be able to be configured as any one of the following modes according to the needs of the field project: electric-electric relay mode, electric-optical relay mode, optical-electric relay mode, or optical-optical relay mode. The main control unit controls the signal routing switch through the configuration register to switch the signal transmission path between the electric signal relay unit and the optical channel extension unit. The adaptive equalization algorithm module dynamically compensates the signal in the electrical signal domain in each mode involving electrical signal processing to ensure the signal transmission quality in different operating modes.

[0041] In the electro-electro-relay mode, the input electrical signal is regenerated by a low-noise differential amplifier circuit and then directly output. In the electro-optical relay mode, the input electrical signal is converted into an optical signal by a photoelectric conversion module and then output. In the optical-electro-relay mode, the input optical signal is converted into an electrical signal by a photoelectric conversion module and then output after differential amplification. In the optical-optical relay mode, the input optical signal is converted into an optical signal by photoelectric conversion and then remodulated into an optical signal for output, thus realizing the regeneration and relay of the optical signal.

[0042] Example 2 This embodiment provides a fieldbus relay module with optical channel extension for use in a distributed control system (DCS) of a 600MW supercritical coal-fired power plant. In a power plant environment, the fieldbus system needs to connect thousands of sensors and actuators of main and auxiliary equipment such as boilers, turbines, and generators. Control signals need to pass through areas with strong electromagnetic interference, such as high-voltage power distribution rooms and frequency converter rooms, and the transmission distance often exceeds hundreds or even thousands of meters.

[0043] The fieldbus repeater module in this embodiment includes a metal housing with a standard DIN rail mounting structure for easy and quick installation in industrial control cabinets. The housing houses a main control unit, an electrical signal repeater unit, an optical channel expansion unit, and an electrical isolation module, wherein: The main control unit uses a dual-core ARM Cortex-A9 processor with a clock speed of 800MHz. One core runs a real-time operating system dedicated to signal processing and adaptive equalization algorithm execution, while the other core runs an embedded Linux system for fault monitoring and network management. Data is exchanged between the two cores via a shared memory region with a capacity of 128MB. A double-buffering mechanism ensures real-time data synchronization.

[0044] The electrical signal relay unit includes four electrical signal interfaces, labeled J1, J2, J3, and J4, all using DB9 connectors compliant with the Profibus-DP standard. Each interface is equipped with an independent low-noise differential amplifier circuit, which employs a three-stage cascaded architecture. The first stage is a pre-differential amplifier stage, using the Texas Instruments INA333 low-noise instrumentation amplifier, with an equivalent input noise voltage density of 2.2. The first stage, with a gain set to 10, is used for initial amplification of the weak differential input signal and suppression of common-mode interference. The second stage is the main amplification stage, using an AD8336 programmable gain amplifier. Its gain is controlled by the DAC output of the main control unit, with a gain adjustment range of 0dB to 40dB in 1dB steps, used for precise gain control based on the input signal amplitude. The third stage is the output driver stage, using a THS3091 current feedback amplifier with an output current capability of ±250mA, capable of driving Profibus-DP cables up to 1200 meters long. The three amplification stages are coupled together via an RC filter network, with a filter cutoff frequency set to 2MHz to eliminate high-frequency noise.

[0045] The optical channel expansion unit includes two optical signal interfaces, labeled OPT1 and OPT2, which use standard ST-type fiber optic connectors and support 62.5 / 125... μm Multimode fiber and 9 / 125 μm Single-mode fiber. Each optical interface is equipped with an independent photoelectric conversion module, which includes an electro-optical conversion channel and a photoelectric conversion channel. The electro-optical conversion channel uses an Avago Technologies HFBR-1414Z vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with an emission wavelength of 850nm and an optical output power of -9dBm to -3dBm. It is driven by a MAX3738 laser driver chip, which integrates an automatic power control (APC) circuit. By monitoring the backlight current of the VCSEL and adjusting the drive current in real time, it ensures that the optical output power remains stable under temperature changes and device aging conditions. The photoelectric conversion channel uses a FirstSensor AD500-8 avalanche photodiode (APD) with a response wavelength range of 400nm to 1000nm and a responsivity of 0.5A / W at 850nm. The photocurrent is converted into a voltage signal by an AD8015 transimpedance amplifier with a transimpedance gain of 10kΩ and a bandwidth of 240MHz. The APD's bias voltage is provided by an adjustable high-voltage power supply, ranging from 40V to 80V, which can be dynamically adjusted according to the received optical power to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0046] The main control unit is equipped with an adaptive equalization algorithm module. This module samples the input signal using a high-speed ADC at a sampling rate of 20 Msps and a resolution of 12 bits. It includes a signal quality monitoring subunit, an equalization coefficient calculation subunit, and a filter configuration subunit, wherein: The signal quality monitoring subunit calculates parameters such as eye opening, peak-to-peak jitter, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) based on sampled data. Eye opening is calculated by performing statistical histogram analysis on the sampled data to determine the voltage thresholds at the upper and lower eye boundaries, and then calculating the vertical opening percentage. Jitter measurement employs a time interval analysis algorithm based on zero-crossing detection to calculate the standard deviation of the time difference between adjacent zero-crossing points. SNR is calculated by separating the AC and noise components in the signal.

[0047] The balance coefficient calculation sub-unit adopts an improved minimum mean square error (LMS) algorithm, and its weight update formula is as follows:

[0048] In the formula, This represents the equalizer weight vector at the nth iteration. This is the step size factor, with a value ranging from 0.001 to 0.1. This is the error signal, which is the difference between the expected response and the actual output. Let be the input signal vector. The formula for calculating the error signal is:

[0049] In the formula, The desired signal is obtained through training sequences or decision feedback. This is the transpose of the weight vector. The algorithm dynamically adjusts the step size factor based on signal quality monitoring results. When the signal quality is poor, the step size is decreased to improve stability; when the signal quality is good, the step size is increased to improve convergence speed.

[0050] The filter configuration subunit adopts a finite impulse response (FIR) filter structure with 16 taps. The filter coefficients are provided by the equalization coefficient calculation subunit. The output calculation formula for the FIR filter is as follows:

[0051] In the formula, For the filter output, N is the number of taps (N=16 in this embodiment). The weight coefficient for the k-th tap. The input signal is delayed by k sampling cycles. The filter is implemented using a pipelined architecture, with each stage delayed by one clock cycle to ensure real-time processing capability.

[0052] The main control unit is also equipped with a fault self-healing isolation mechanism. The fault detection subunit identifies faults by monitoring the signal level, protocol frame format, and communication timing of each interface. Specifically, loss of signal (LOS) detection is achieved by comparing the input signal amplitude with a preset threshold (-30dBm); level anomaly detection is achieved by monitoring whether the bus level is continuously at a logic high level (>4V) or a logic low level (<-4V) for more than 20ms; and communication timeout detection is achieved by monitoring whether a valid data frame is not received within a specified time window (e.g., 1 second). The logic judgment subunit adopts a three-level confirmation mechanism, that is, a persistent fault is confirmed only when a certain abnormal state is detected three times consecutively, in order to avoid misjudgment caused by transient interference.

[0053] The isolation execution subunit is implemented using Analog Devices' ADG1414SPDT analog switch array, which features low on-resistance (1.5Ω) and high isolation (-80dBat 1MHz). When a fault is detected in a network segment, the main control unit sends a control command to the ADG1414 via the SPI interface to disconnect the physical connection between that network segment and the internal bus, while maintaining connectivity to other network segments. The isolation response time is less than 10ms, ensuring that the fault does not propagate to other network segments.

[0054] The fault recording and reporting subunit stores fault information in non-volatile memory (EEPROM). The recorded information includes the timestamp of the fault occurrence (accurate to milliseconds), the fault type code (1 byte), the fault duration (4 bytes), and the signal quality parameters at the time of the fault. This information can be uploaded to the maintenance workstation of the DCS system via the RS-485 diagnostic interface or the Ethernet interface, supporting remote fault diagnosis and predictive maintenance.

[0055] In specific applications at thermal power plants, the relay module in this embodiment is deployed on the communication link between the boiler electronics room and the turbine electronics room. The boiler electronics room houses the DCS controller and remote I / O stations, while the turbine electronics room houses the turbine monitoring instrumentation (TSI) and bypass control system. The distance between the two electronics rooms is approximately 800 meters, and the route passes through a 6kV high-voltage distribution room and a frequency converter room, creating an extremely harsh electromagnetic environment. The module of this invention is configured as an electro-optical-electro-electric relay. On the boiler side, it connects to the DCS's Profibus-DP bus via electrical interface J1. Optical interface OPT1 traverses the interference area via multimode optical fiber. On the turbine side, optical interface OPT2 receives the optical signal and converts it into an electrical signal, which is then connected to the TSI system via electrical interface J2. Under 800-meter transmission distance and strong interference conditions, the communication bit error rate test result is 10^-10, far lower than the 10^-9 required by the Profibus-DP standard, fully meeting the high reliability requirements of the thermal power plant control system.

[0056] Furthermore, when a short circuit in a branch circuit on the boiler side causes an abnormal bus level, the fault detection subunit detects the abnormality within 5ms, the logic judgment subunit confirms it as a persistent fault within 15ms, and the isolation execution subunit immediately disconnects the J1 interface to ensure that communication between the DCS system and other network segments is not affected. Simultaneously, the fault recording subunit records the fault information and reports it to the operator station, prompting maintenance personnel to handle it promptly. After the fault is resolved, the module can restore the connection of that network segment via remote commands or an automatic retry mechanism.

[0057] Example 3 This embodiment provides a signal relay method based on a fieldbus relay module with optical channel extension, comprising the following steps: Based on the on-site engineering requirements, configure the electrical-electrical, electrical-optical, optical-electrical, or optical-optical relay modes, and control the transmission path of the switching signal between the electrical signal relay unit and the optical channel extension unit according to the configuration results; The system receives fieldbus signals. If the signal is an electrical signal, the electrical signal relay unit preprocesses the attenuated electrical signal. The preprocessing includes signal regeneration, waveform shaping, and timing recovery. If the signal is an optical signal, the optical channel extension unit receives the signal and performs optical-to-electrical signal conversion, and then transmits it to the electrical signal relay unit. Adaptive equalization is performed on the pre-processed electrical signal to counteract signal attenuation and interference caused by the transmission line, compensate for signal transmission loss, and complete signal relay transmission.

[0058] Example 4 This embodiment also provides a computing device. The computing device includes a bus, a processor, a memory, and a communication interface. The processor, memory, and communication interface communicate with each other via the bus. The computing device can be a server or a terminal device. It should be understood that this application does not limit the number of processors and memory in the computing device.

[0059] A bus can be a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus or an extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus, etc. Buses can be categorized as address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. For ease of representation, a bus can include a path for transmitting information between various components of a computing device (e.g., memory, processor, communication interfaces).

[0060] The processor may include any one or more of the following: central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), tensor processing unit (TPU), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), microprocessor (MP), or digital signal processor (DSP).

[0061] Memory can include volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM). Processors can also include non-volatile memory. volatile memory), such as read-only memory (read-only memory). ROM (memory only), flash memory, hard disk drive (HDD), or solid state drive (SSD).

[0062] The memory stores executable program code, which the processor executes to implement the functions of the aforementioned units, thereby achieving, for example, the method described in Embodiment 3. That is, the memory may store instructions for the methods and functions relating to the computing device in any of the above embodiments.

[0063] The communication interface uses transceiver modules such as, but not limited to, network interface cards and transceivers to enable communication between computing devices and other devices or communication networks.

[0064] Example 5 This embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the methods and functions of the computing device involved in any of the above embodiments.

[0065] Generally, the various embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented in hardware or dedicated circuitry, software, logic, or any combination thereof. Some aspects can be implemented in hardware, while others can be implemented in firmware or software, which can be executed by a controller, microprocessor, or other computing device. Although various aspects of the embodiments of this disclosure are shown and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or represented using some other illustration, it should be understood that the blocks, apparatuses, systems, techniques, or methods described herein can be implemented as, as non-limiting examples, in hardware, software, firmware, dedicated circuitry or logic, general-purpose hardware or controllers or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.

[0066] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention. For example, the number of electrical signal interfaces can be adjusted to 2, 6, or 8 channels according to actual needs; the optical signal interfaces can be expanded to 4 or more to support more complex topologies; the adaptive equalization algorithm can use the recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm instead of the LMS algorithm to improve the convergence speed; the fault isolation mechanism can use optocoupler relays instead of analog switches to improve the isolation voltage level. These modifications and equivalent substitutions should all be considered within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0067] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A fieldbus repeater with optical channel extension, characterized in that, It includes a main control unit, an electrical signal relay unit, and an optical channel expansion unit. The electrical signal relay unit is electrically connected to the main control unit, and the optical channel expansion unit is electrically connected to both the main control unit and the electrical signal relay unit. The electrical signal relay unit is configured to perform signal regeneration, waveform shaping, and timing recovery on the received attenuated bus signal; The optical channel expansion unit is configured to perform bidirectional seamless switching between the electrical signal domain and the optical signal domain; The main control unit is configured to be able to be configured as any one of the following modes according to the on-site engineering requirements: electric-electric relay mode, electric-optical relay mode, optical-electric relay mode, or optical-optical relay mode.

2. The fieldbus repeater with optical channel extension according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical signal relay unit includes at least four electrical signal interfaces, and each electrical signal interface is equipped with a low-noise differential amplifier circuit.

3. A fieldbus repeater with optical channel extension according to claim 2, characterized in that, The low-noise differential amplifier circuit includes a pre-differential amplifier stage, a main amplifier stage, and an output driver stage, wherein: The pre-differential amplifier stage is used to amplify the received attenuated bus signal and suppress common-mode interference; The main amplification stage is used to adjust the gain of the signal output from the pre-differential amplification stage; The output driver stage is used to output the signal from the main amplifier stage with low impedance.

4. A fieldbus repeater with optical channel extension according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical channel expansion unit includes at least two optical signal interfaces, each of which is equipped with a photoelectric conversion module and an optical transceiver device. The photoelectric conversion module and the optical transceiver device are connected bidirectionally.

5. A fieldbus repeater with optical channel extension according to claim 4, characterized in that, The photoelectric conversion module includes an electro-optical conversion channel and a photoelectric conversion channel, wherein: The electro-optic conversion channel is used to convert electrical signals into optical signals; The photoelectric conversion channel is used to convert optical signals into electrical signals.

6. A fieldbus repeater with optical channel extension according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control unit includes an adaptive equalization algorithm module, which further includes a signal quality monitoring subunit, an equalization coefficient calculation subunit, and a filter configuration subunit, wherein: The signal quality monitoring subunit is configured to extract signal quality parameters of the received signal in real time. The equalization coefficient calculation subunit is constructed based on the minimum mean square error algorithm and combines signal quality parameters to calculate the optimal equalization coefficient. The filter configuration subunit is constructed to configure the calculated optimal equalization coefficients to the digital filter for dynamic compensation of the received signal.

7. A fieldbus repeater with optical channel extension according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control unit also includes a fault self-healing isolation mechanism, which comprises a fault detection subunit, a logic judgment subunit, an isolation execution subunit, and a fault recording and reporting subunit, wherein: The fault detection subunit is configured to monitor the signal loss status, continuous abnormal level status and communication timeout status of each network segment in real time. The logic judgment subunit is configured to confirm the detected abnormal state based on the preset fault judgment threshold and duration threshold, and transmit the abnormal confirmation result to the isolation execution subunit. The isolation execution subunit is configured to disconnect the physical layer connection of the faulty network segment by controlling a solid-state relay or an analog switch array, while maintaining the normal communication path of other network segments, thereby achieving partial self-healing of the network. The fault recording and reporting subunit is configured to record the timestamp of the fault occurrence, the fault type and the fault duration while isolating the faulty network segment, and report the fault information to the host computer or remote monitoring system through the diagnostic interface.

8. A signal relay method based on a fieldbus relay module with optical channel extension, characterized in that, The fieldbus relay device with optical channel extension as described in any one of claims 1-7 includes the following steps: Based on the on-site engineering requirements, configure the electrical-electrical, electrical-optical, optical-electrical, or optical-optical relay modes, and control the transmission path of the switching signal between the electrical signal relay unit and the optical channel extension unit according to the configuration results; The system receives fieldbus signals. If the signal is an electrical signal, the electrical signal relay unit preprocesses the attenuated electrical signal. The preprocessing includes signal regeneration, waveform shaping, and timing recovery. If the signal is an optical signal, the optical channel extension unit receives the signal and performs optical-to-electrical signal conversion, and then transmits it to the electrical signal relay unit. Adaptive equalization is performed on the pre-processed electrical signal to counteract signal attenuation and interference caused by the transmission line, compensate for signal transmission loss, and complete signal relay transmission.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing computer instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the electronic device to perform the method of claim 8.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions that, when executed, implement the method of claim 8.

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