Space laser communication transmitting-receiving beam coaxial degree on-line detection system and method

By introducing a partitioned coated microlens array and a fine tracking detector in a space laser communication system, beam spatial separation within the same frame under the same detection architecture is achieved, solving the real-time and accuracy problems of optical axis detection in the prior art and improving the real-time performance and consistency of optical axis detection.

CN122360348APending Publication Date: 2026-07-10CHENGDU GUANGZHIXINGLIAN TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
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Patent Information

Authority / Receiving Office
CN ยท China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
CHENGDU GUANGZHIXINGLIAN TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
Filing Date
2026-05-11
Publication Date
2026-07-10

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

In existing space laser communication systems, the detection of the optical axis relies on offline or intermittent calibration, which cannot reflect the real-time optical axis status during the communication process. There are cooperative errors in the measurement of beam divergence angle and pointing angle, and there is a lack of a detection structure that can perform low crosstalk, real-time separation and synchronous measurement of multi-wavelength beams in the same detection plane, resulting in a decrease in the accuracy of optical axis offset measurement.

Method used

By employing a coordinated setup of the transmitting optical path, receiving optical path, return reference optical path, and tracking sampling branch, spatial separation within the same frame is achieved through a partitioned coated microlens array and a fine tracking detector. Incident pointing deviation, outgoing pointing deviation, far-field divergence characterization, and defocus amount are obtained synchronously, and the electronic control processing unit performs real-time calculation and control.

Benefits of technology

It achieves low crosstalk and same-frame spatial separation of the transmitted and received beams under the same detection architecture, improves the real-time performance and consistency of optical axis detection, provides a stable basis for coaxiality maintenance and fine tracking compensation, and avoids the problem of inconsistent time and space references in traditional time-division detection or discrete detection.

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Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of online beam state monitoring technology, specifically relating to an online detection system and method for the coaxiality of transmitting and receiving beams in space laser communication. The system includes a transmitting optical path, a receiving optical path, a return reference optical path, a beam combining optical path, a proportional beam splitter, a tracking sampling branch, and an electronic control processing unit. The locally transmitted laser is sampled and returned to form a local reference laser, which is then combined with the remote communication laser and enters a partitioned coated microlens array, forming a spatially separated sub-aperture spot array within the same imaging frame. Based on this image, the electronic control processing unit synchronously calculates the incident pointing deviation, the outgoing pointing deviation, the divergence characteristic, and the defocusing amount, and outputs control quantities. This invention improves the real-time performance, consistency, and anti-crosstalk capability of transmitting and receiving beam coaxiality detection.
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