A nuclear power plant primary coolant inventory control and monitoring system

Abstract

This invention provides a precise control and monitoring system for the primary coolant charge in a nuclear power plant, comprising the following functional modules: a data acquisition module, which collects primary loop temperature and pressure data, calculates the coolant charge mass using a zoned accumulation method, and constructs a dynamic database; an anomaly identification and trend analysis module, which calculates the rate and acceleration of mass charge change, identifies abnormal consumption, and judges its development trend; a state prediction and risk assessment module, which calculates the predicted mass charge mass for subsequent monitoring cycles based on abnormal consumption; and an early warning response and control module, which determines the remaining time before the predicted mass charge mass reaches a safety threshold, thereby determining the risk level and generating control commands. This invention achieves high-precision charge mass calculation through a zoned accumulation method, introduces both rate and acceleration indicators to achieve early identification and trend judgment of abnormal consumption, and automatically classifies risk levels based on the remaining time, realizing a shift from post-accident response to pre-accident early warning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nuclear reactor coolant control technology, specifically to a precise control and monitoring system for the primary coolant charge in a nuclear power plant. Background Technology

[0002] The primary coolant in a nuclear power plant plays a crucial role in removing heat from the reactor core. Whether the coolant level remains within the design baseline directly impacts the reactor's nuclear safety and thermal-hydraulic stability. Unexpected coolant reductions, whether caused by minor equipment leaks or larger ruptures, can lead to decreased core cooling capacity and even serious accidents such as fuel cladding rupture or core meltdown. Therefore, real-time and accurate monitoring and trend prediction of the primary coolant level is the last line of defense for ensuring the safe operation of a nuclear power plant.

[0003] In the prior art, CN115719656A discloses an automatic diagnostic method and system for the primary loop leakage rate of a nuclear power plant. This technology includes: S1, monitoring and determining whether the primary loop meets the initial conditions for initiating the calculation of the coolant leakage rate; if yes, proceeding to step S2; if no, continuing to monitor and determine whether the primary loop meets the initial conditions for initiating the calculation of the coolant leakage rate until the initial conditions for initiating the calculation of the coolant leakage rate are met; S2, acquiring the liquid level and initial liquid level of the primary loop pressurizer, and initiating the calculation of the coolant leakage rate to obtain the calculation result of the coolant leakage rate; and determining whether the calculation result of the coolant leakage rate exceeds a preset leakage rate limit; if yes, issuing an accident procedure warning message.

[0004] However, in the aforementioned existing technologies, coolant charge monitoring relies on indirect parameters such as pressure regulators for calculation, which is greatly affected by uneven temperature and pressure distribution, making it difficult to guarantee the accuracy of the charge calculation results. In terms of anomaly identification, the use of fixed-value alarm logic lacks sensitivity to slowly changing small consumption and makes it difficult to effectively distinguish between operating condition fluctuations and actual leaks. It also lacks the ability to track the evolution of leaks in real time, limiting the accuracy of alarms. In addition, existing technologies lack forward-looking analysis of charge change trends, and the early warning mechanism is triggered after exceeding the limit. The response mode is relatively passive and cannot predict risks in advance based on the speed of leak development, leaving limited intervention windows for operators.

[0005] The information disclosed in the background section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a precise control and monitoring system for the coolant charge in the primary loop of a nuclear power plant, addressing the problems mentioned in the background section. This invention achieves high-precision calculation of coolant charge using a zoned accumulation method, overcoming the problem of large calculation deviations in traditional methods. By introducing dual monitoring indicators of the rate of change and acceleration of the charge mass, it enables early identification and trend judgment of abnormal consumption, effectively distinguishing between instantaneous fluctuations and actual leaks. Furthermore, based on the charge mass and its changing trends, it quantitatively extrapolates the subsequent charge, automatically classifies risk levels and triggers differentiated early warnings based on the remaining time before reaching the safety threshold, realizing a shift from post-accident response to pre-accident early warning.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A precise control and monitoring system for the primary coolant charge in a nuclear power plant includes the following functional modules:

[0009] The data acquisition module collects temperature and pressure data of the primary loop core equipment and pipelines at fixed time intervals. The core equipment and pipelines include the reactor pressure vessel, pressurizer, cold section of the primary loop main pipeline, hot section of the primary loop main pipeline, water supply pipeline and drain pipeline. The collected temperature and pressure data are preprocessed. Based on the preprocessed temperature and pressure data, the current mass of coolant is calculated using the partition accumulation method, and a dynamic database of mass changes over time is constructed.

[0010] The anomaly identification and trend analysis module calculates the current coolant mass quantity change rate and mass quantity change acceleration based on the mass quantity time series in the dynamic database. Based on the mass quantity change rate and mass quantity change acceleration, it identifies whether there is abnormal coolant consumption and judges the development trend of the abnormal consumption.

[0011] The status prediction and risk assessment module, in response to abnormal coolant consumption, calculates the predicted coolant mass quantity for subsequent monitoring cycles based on the coolant mass quantity, the rate of change of coolant mass quantity, and the acceleration of the change of coolant mass quantity.

[0012] The early warning response and control module determines the remaining time required for the predicted mass load to reach the safety threshold based on the predicted mass load, and generates corresponding control instructions based on the length of the remaining time.

[0013] Furthermore, the method for preprocessing the collected temperature and pressure data is as follows:

[0014] The preprocessing includes data cleaning and data smoothing filtering of temperature and pressure data.

[0015] The data cleaning of temperature and pressure data includes the identification and removal of outliers and duplicate data, the handling of missing values, the use of statistical methods to identify outliers and duplicate data in temperature and pressure data, the deletion of outliers and duplicate data in temperature and pressure data, and the filling of missing values ​​in temperature and pressure data with historical mean, median or mode of temperature and pressure data.

[0016] The data smoothing and filtering process is as follows: the moving average method is used to smooth the time series of temperature and pressure data after data cleaning in order to suppress high-frequency measurement noise and instantaneous pressure fluctuations of the primary coolant system. The smoothing window length is calibrated based on the reactor power change rate and the pressurizer pressure regulation response time.

[0017] Furthermore, the method for calculating the current coolant mass using the partitioned cumulative method is as follows:

[0018] The zone accumulation method includes dividing the primary loop into coolant zones, and calculating and accumulating the coolant mass within each zone.

[0019] The execution logic for partitioning the primary circuit into coolant zones is as follows: based on the spatial layout, structural characteristics, and physical state differences of the core equipment and pipelines of the primary circuit, the primary circuit is divided into multiple coolant zones with independent geometric volumes.

[0020] The coolant zones include: reactor pressure vessel zone, pressurizer zone, primary loop main pipeline hot section zone, and primary loop main pipeline cold section zone. The geometric volumes of the reactor pressure vessel zone, pressurizer zone, primary loop main pipeline hot section zone, and primary loop main pipeline cold section zone are all confirmed based on the primary loop design drawings and equipment manufacturing parameters.

[0021] The formula used to calculate and sum the coolant mass within each zone is as follows:

[0022]

[0023] in, for The mass and quantity of coolant at all times;

[0024] For the first Geometric volume of each coolant compartment;

[0025] For preprocessed Time of the first Temperature data for each coolant zone;

[0026] For preprocessed Time of the first Pressure data for each coolant zone;

[0027] This represents the total number of coolant zones.

[0028] To be based on the preprocessed Time of the first The temperature and pressure data for each coolant zone were used to obtain the current actual water density by referring to the international standard water property table.

[0029] Furthermore, the method for constructing a dynamic database of mass quantity changes over time is as follows:

[0030] The mass of coolant is calculated at each sampling time with a fixed time interval. timestamp of the corresponding sampling time Associative storage is used to form quality / volume-time series data pairs;

[0031] The mass quantity-time series data pairs are stored and managed in a time-series manner, and a dynamic database is constructed according to the chronological order. The dynamic database contains mass quantity-time series data pairs for each sampling moment in the most recent N sampling periods, where N is a preset positive integer and N≥8.

[0032] The dynamic database uses a circular storage mechanism to maintain quality quantity-time series data pairs. The execution logic is as follows: when the dynamic database has reached X quality quantity-time series data pairs, the oldest quality quantity-time series data pair stored in the dynamic database is deleted, and the quality quantity-time series data pair at the current sampling time is stored in the dynamic database; when the dynamic database has not reached X quality quantity-time series data pairs, the quality quantity-time series data pair at the current sampling time is directly input into the dynamic database, where X is a preset positive integer.

[0033] Furthermore, the formulas used to calculate the rate of change and acceleration of the current coolant mass charge are as follows:

[0034]

[0035] in, for The rate of change of the mass of coolant at any given time;

[0036] for The mass and quantity of coolant at all times;

[0037] This is a preset, fixed time interval;

[0038]

[0039] in, for The acceleration of the change in the mass of coolant at any given moment;

[0040] for The rate of change of the mass of coolant at any given time.

[0041] Furthermore, the logic for identifying whether there is abnormal coolant consumption is as follows:

[0042] when > ,and When <0, start the abnormal consumption confirmation timer window;

[0043] Within the abnormal consumption confirmation timing window, the rate of change of coolant mass quantity is continuously monitored. Acceleration of changes in coolant mass ;

[0044] When all conditions are met within the abnormal consumption confirmation time window > , <0 and If the value is greater than 0, then abnormal coolant consumption is determined. This is the preset upper limit threshold for the normal coolant consumption rate;

[0045] When the abnormal consumption confirmation timing window is in progress, the rate of change of coolant mass is... Falling back to the upper limit threshold of normal coolant consumption rate If the coolant consumption is detected within a short period, it is determined to be a momentary fluctuation in coolant, the abnormal consumption confirmation timer window is terminated and reset, and it is determined that there is no abnormal coolant consumption.

[0046] Furthermore, to determine the development trend of the abnormal consumption, the execution logic is as follows:

[0047] when At that time, it was determined that the abnormal consumption was in a stable leakage state;

[0048] when If the value is greater than 0, then the abnormal consumption is determined to be in a state of accelerated deterioration;

[0049] when If the value is less than 0, then the abnormal consumption is determined to be in a decaying state.

[0050] Furthermore, the formula used to calculate the predicted mass of coolant for subsequent monitoring cycles is as follows:

[0051]

[0052] in, To start from the current sampling time The process Predicted mass of the load after a fixed time interval;

[0053] To predict the step size, and It is a positive integer;

[0054] This refers to the duration of subsequent monitoring cycles.

[0055] Furthermore, the logic for determining the remaining time required for the predicted mass quantity to reach the safety threshold is as follows:

[0056] Predicted mass loading With respect to the preset coolant mass safety threshold Compare and from Start by taking values ​​that are incremented sequentially;

[0057] When it first appears ≤ Record this moment. Value Then the remaining time is determined to be .

[0058] Furthermore, the logic for determining the risk level and generating corresponding control instructions based on the remaining time is as follows:

[0059] when ≥ When the risk level is determined to be low, a level 1 early warning signal is output, and a monitoring instruction to maintain the current operating status is generated.

[0060] when ≤ < When the risk level is determined to be medium, a level-two early warning signal is issued, and a level-one control instruction is generated.

[0061] when < When the risk level is determined to be high, a Level III early warning signal is issued, and a Level II control instruction is generated.

[0062] in, and These are the preset first time threshold and second time threshold, respectively. < .

[0063] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0064] This invention collects temperature and pressure data from the core equipment and pipelines of the primary loop, and combines this with a zonal accumulation method to achieve high-precision calculation of coolant mass quantity. It also constructs a dynamic database of mass quantity changes over time, providing a reliable data foundation for subsequent analysis. By introducing dual monitoring indicators of mass quantity change rate and acceleration, it achieves early identification and trend judgment of abnormal consumption, effectively distinguishing between instantaneous fluctuations and actual leaks, and determining the development trend of leaks. This solves the problems of existing technologies being insensitive to minor leaks and having a high false alarm rate. Furthermore, based on the coolant mass quantity and the rate and acceleration of its change, this invention quantitatively extrapolates the coolant quantity in subsequent monitoring cycles. It automatically classifies risk levels based on the remaining time before the predicted mass quantity reaches the safety threshold, triggering differentiated early warning signals and control commands. This realizes a shift from post-accident response to pre-accident warning, improving the predictability and automation level of nuclear safety key parameter monitoring, and providing highly reliable, closed-loop technical support for primary loop coolant quantity control. Attached Figure Description

[0065] Figure 1 A block diagram of a nuclear power plant primary loop coolant loading precision control and monitoring system;

[0066] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the operation process of a precise control and monitoring system for the primary coolant charge in a nuclear power plant. Detailed Implementation

[0067] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0068] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0069] Example:

[0070] Please see Figures 1-2 The present invention provides a technical solution:

[0071] A precise control and monitoring system for the primary coolant charge in a nuclear power plant includes the following functional modules:

[0072] The data acquisition module collects temperature and pressure data from the primary loop core equipment and pipelines at fixed time intervals. These core equipment and pipelines include the reactor pressure vessel, pressurizer, cold section of the primary loop main pipeline, hot section of the primary loop main pipeline, makeup water pipeline, and drain pipeline. These components cover the main space for the distribution of the primary loop coolant, comprehensively reflecting the thermal state of the coolant. The collected temperature and pressure data are preprocessed to eliminate random noise, transient fluctuations, and abnormal readings that may be introduced during the measurement process, ensuring the accuracy and stability of subsequent calculations. Based on the preprocessed temperature and pressure data, the current coolant mass is calculated using a partitioned accumulation method, and a dynamic database showing the mass change over time is constructed. This dynamic database is continuously updated, providing a continuous and reliable data foundation for subsequent trend analysis, anomaly identification, and state prediction.

[0073] The method for preprocessing the collected temperature and pressure data is as follows:

[0074] The preprocessing includes data cleaning and data smoothing filtering of temperature and pressure data.

[0075] The data cleaning process for temperature and pressure data includes the identification and removal of outliers and duplicates, and the handling of missing values. During the identification and removal of outliers and duplicates, statistical methods are used to analyze the collected temperature and pressure data, calculating the data's distribution characteristics, dispersion, and deviation from the overall dataset. Data points that significantly deviate from the normal range or do not conform to physical laws are identified as outliers and deleted. Simultaneously, the process checks for identical or logically duplicated records in the time series to ensure the independence and uniqueness of each data point. Identified outliers and duplicates are systematically removed to prevent interference with subsequent analysis. Regarding the handling of missing values, for gaps caused by transmission interruptions, sensor malfunctions, or other reasons during data acquisition, historical mean, median, or mode are selected as the basis for filling gaps based on the data's distribution characteristics and variation patterns, in order to preserve the original trend and statistical characteristics of the data as much as possible. Through these cleaning and filling operations, the temperature and pressure data are ensured to be complete, consistent, and representative before entering subsequent processing stages, thereby improving data quality and enhancing the reliability and stability of the analysis.

[0076] The data smoothing and filtering process employs a moving average method. This method uses a sliding window of a certain length to calculate the arithmetic mean of temperature or pressure data points within the window, effectively filtering out high-frequency random fluctuations caused by inherent sensor noise or instantaneous disturbances in the coolant system. The calibration of the smoothing window length considers multiple dynamic operating factors: when the reactor power changes rapidly, the temperature and pressure parameters exhibit significant trends, so the window length is shortened to avoid over-smoothing that masks the true trend; conversely, during periods of relatively stable power, the window length is extended to enhance the suppression of high-frequency noise. The pressure regulation response time of the pressurizer determines the pressure change recovery period; the window length should match the pressure regulation response time to avoid smoothing out the regulation process and affecting the judgment of the true system state. By comprehensively considering the above factors, the sliding window length can be adaptively adjusted under different operating conditions, ensuring both data smoothing effectiveness and maintaining sensitivity to key change characteristics, providing a stable and reliable data foundation for subsequent load calculations and trend analysis.

[0077] The method for calculating the current coolant mass charge using the partitioned cumulative method is as follows:

[0078] The zone accumulation method includes dividing the primary loop into coolant zones, and calculating and accumulating the coolant mass within each zone.

[0079] The execution logic for partitioning the primary circuit into coolant zones is as follows: based on the spatial layout, structural characteristics, and physical state differences of the core equipment and pipelines of the primary circuit, the primary circuit is divided into multiple coolant zones with independent geometric volumes.

[0080] The coolant zones include: reactor pressure vessel zone, pressurizer zone, primary loop main pipeline hot section zone, and primary loop main pipeline cold section zone. The geometric volumes of the reactor pressure vessel zone, pressurizer zone, primary loop main pipeline hot section zone, and primary loop main pipeline cold section zone are all confirmed based on the primary loop design drawings and equipment manufacturing parameters.

[0081] The formula used to calculate and sum the coolant mass within each zone is as follows:

[0082]

[0083] in, for The mass and quantity of coolant at all times;

[0084] For the first Geometric volume of each coolant compartment;

[0085] For preprocessed Time of the first Temperature data for each coolant zone;

[0086] For preprocessed Time of the first Pressure data for each coolant zone;

[0087] This represents the total number of coolant zones.

[0088] To be based on the preprocessed Time of the first The temperature and pressure data for each coolant zone were used to obtain the current actual water density by referring to the international standard water property table.

[0089] The method for constructing a dynamic database of mass quantity changes over time is as follows:

[0090] The system calculates the current coolant mass at each sampling time with a fixed time interval as the sampling period, and then displays the calculated coolant mass. timestamp of the corresponding sampling time The data is stored in association to form a set of mass charge-time series data pairs with a clear temporal relationship. This mass charge-time series data pair fully records the status information of the coolant charge at each sampling time, providing a basic data unit for subsequent trend analysis and anomaly identification;

[0091] The mass quantity-time series data pairs are stored and managed in a time-series manner, and a dynamic database is constructed according to the chronological order. The dynamic database contains mass quantity-time series data pairs for each sampling moment in the most recent N sampling periods, where N is a preset positive integer and N≥8, to ensure that there are enough data samples to support the calculation and judgment of the changing trend.

[0092] The dynamic database uses a circular storage mechanism to maintain quality quantity-time series data pairs. The execution logic is as follows: when the number of quality quantity-time series data pairs stored in the dynamic database reaches a preset value of X, before storing a new quality quantity-time series data pair, the system automatically deletes the earliest timestamp quality quantity-time series data pair in the database, and then stores the quality quantity-time series data pair at the current sampling time, thereby always keeping the number of quality quantity-time series data pairs in the database stable at X; if the number of quality quantity-time series data pairs in the current dynamic database has not yet reached X, the quality quantity-time series data pair at the current sampling time is directly added to the dynamic database until the number of quality quantity-time series data pairs reaches X, after which a circular update state is entered, where X is a preset positive integer.

[0093] The anomaly identification and trend analysis module calculates the current coolant mass quantity change rate and mass quantity change acceleration based on the mass quantity time series in the dynamic database. Based on the mass quantity change rate and mass quantity change acceleration, it identifies whether there is abnormal coolant consumption and judges the development trend of the abnormal consumption.

[0094] The formulas used to calculate the rate of change and acceleration of the current coolant mass charge are as follows:

[0095]

[0096] in, for The rate of change of the mass of coolant at any given time;

[0097] for The mass and quantity of coolant at all times;

[0098] This is a preset, fixed time interval;

[0099] when A value greater than 0 indicates an increase in coolant charge; when... When <0, it indicates a decrease in coolant charge; when The larger the value, the more drastic the change in coolant charge and the greater the degree to which the system deviates from steady state;

[0100]

[0101] in, for The acceleration of the change in the mass of coolant at any given moment;

[0102] for The rate of change of the mass of coolant at any given time.

[0103] The logic for identifying whether there is abnormal coolant consumption is as follows:

[0104] During the abnormal consumption identification process, the system enhances the reliability of judging changes in coolant state by setting an abnormal consumption confirmation time window. > ,and When <0, start the abnormal consumption confirmation timer window;

[0105] Within the abnormal consumption confirmation timing window, the rate of change of coolant mass quantity is continuously monitored. Acceleration of changes in coolant mass ;

[0106] When all conditions are met within the abnormal consumption confirmation time window > , <0 and A value greater than 0 indicates that the coolant consumption rate not only exceeds the normal range but also shows a continuously increasing trend, indicating abnormal coolant consumption. This judgment logic helps to eliminate false alarms caused by instantaneous interference or measurement fluctuations, improving the accuracy and robustness of abnormal consumption identification. This is the preset upper limit threshold for the normal coolant consumption rate;

[0107] The rate of change of coolant mass quantity during the abnormal consumption confirmation timing window. Falling back to the upper limit threshold of normal coolant consumption rate If the timeout is short, it is determined to be a momentary fluctuation in coolant, the abnormal consumption confirmation timer window is terminated and reset, and it is determined that there is no abnormal coolant consumption. This mechanism effectively distinguishes between short-term fluctuations and continuous abnormalities, avoiding unnecessary alarms or interventions triggered by occasional events.

[0108] To determine the development trend of the abnormal consumption, the execution logic is as follows:

[0109] when When the coolant leakage occurs at a fixed rate and the coolant charge shows a linear decreasing trend, it is determined that the abnormal consumption is in a stable leakage state.

[0110] when When the value is greater than 0, it indicates that the rate of change of coolant mass is increasing continuously, the abnormal consumption has entered a state of accelerated deterioration, and the degree of leakage has intensified over time, thus the abnormal consumption is judged to be in a state of accelerated deterioration.

[0111] when When the value is less than 0, it indicates that the rate of change of coolant mass is gradually decreasing, the abnormal consumption is in a state of attenuation, the leakage trend is alleviated, and the rate of decrease of coolant mass is gradually slowing down, so it is determined that the abnormal consumption is in a state of attenuation.

[0112] The status prediction and risk assessment module, in response to abnormal coolant consumption, calculates the predicted coolant mass quantity for subsequent monitoring cycles based on the coolant mass quantity, the rate of change of coolant mass quantity, and the acceleration of the change of coolant mass quantity.

[0113] The formula used to calculate the predicted coolant mass fill amount for subsequent monitoring cycles is as follows:

[0114]

[0115] in, To start from the current sampling time The process Predicted mass of the load after a fixed time interval;

[0116] To predict the step size, and It is a positive integer;

[0117] This refers to the duration of subsequent monitoring cycles.

[0118] The early warning response and control module determines the remaining time required for the predicted mass load to reach the safety threshold based on the predicted mass load, and generates corresponding control instructions based on the length of the remaining time.

[0119] The remaining time required to determine the predicted mass quantity to reach the safety threshold is executed as follows:

[0120] Each prediction step The corresponding predicted mass of the package Each one is compared with the preset coolant mass safety threshold. The comparison process begins with... Initially, values ​​are incremented sequentially by integers; that is, values ​​are first calculated and compared after a time interval. The predicted quality of the package, when > If so, continue the calculation. The corresponding predicted mass of the equipment at that time, and so on;

[0121] When it first appears ≤ Record this moment. Value , This represents the prediction step size required to predict the loading quantity to just reach or fall below the safety threshold, assuming the current trend is maintained. The remaining time is then determined to be... This refers to the total time elapsed from the current moment until the predicted loading volume first reaches the safety threshold. This timeframe visually reflects the time window available for operators to take intervention measures.

[0122] The logic for determining the risk level and generating corresponding control instructions based on the remaining time is as follows:

[0123] when ≥ When the time is right, it indicates that there is still enough time, the change in coolant charge is within a safe and controllable range, there is no urgent risk in the short term, it is judged as a low-risk level, a first-level warning signal is output, and a monitoring instruction to maintain the current operating status is generated, requiring the operators to maintain the existing operating parameters and continue routine monitoring.

[0124] when ≤ < When the time is reached, it indicates that the remaining time is relatively limited, the coolant consumption has entered a stage that requires attention, there is a potential risk, it is judged to be of medium risk level, a level two warning signal is output, and a level one control command is generated to take appropriate adjustment measures to slow down the consumption rate, gain more response time, and prevent the risk from escalating.

[0125] when < When the time is very short, it indicates that the coolant charge is about to reach the safety threshold, the situation is urgent and immediate intervention is required. It is judged as a high-risk level, outputs a level three warning signal and generates a level two control command, immediately executes emergency response operations, quickly restores or maintains the coolant charge, ensures system safety and avoids the accident from escalating.

[0126] in, and These are the preset first time threshold and second time threshold, respectively. < .

[0127] The above formulas are all dimensionless calculations. The formulas are derived from software simulations based on a large amount of collected data to obtain the most recent real-world results. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0128] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented in software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0129] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment, depending on actual needs.

[0130] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A precise control and monitoring system for the primary coolant charge in a nuclear power plant, characterized in that, Includes the following functional modules: The data acquisition module collects temperature and pressure data of the primary loop core equipment and pipelines at fixed time intervals. The core equipment and pipelines include the reactor pressure vessel, pressurizer, cold section of the primary loop main pipeline, hot section of the primary loop main pipeline, water supply pipeline and drain pipeline. The collected temperature and pressure data are preprocessed. Based on the preprocessed temperature and pressure data, the current mass of coolant is calculated using the partition accumulation method, and a dynamic database of mass changes over time is constructed. The anomaly identification and trend analysis module calculates the current coolant mass quantity change rate and mass quantity change acceleration based on the mass quantity time series in the dynamic database. Based on the mass quantity change rate and mass quantity change acceleration, it identifies whether there is abnormal coolant consumption and judges the development trend of the abnormal consumption. The status prediction and risk assessment module, in response to abnormal coolant consumption, calculates the predicted coolant mass quantity for subsequent monitoring cycles based on the coolant mass quantity, the rate of change of coolant mass quantity, and the acceleration of the change of coolant mass quantity. The early warning response and control module determines the remaining time required for the predicted mass load to reach the safety threshold based on the predicted mass load, and generates corresponding control instructions based on the length of the remaining time.

2. The precise control and monitoring system for the primary coolant charge of a nuclear power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for preprocessing the collected temperature and pressure data is as follows: The preprocessing includes data cleaning and data smoothing filtering of temperature and pressure data. The data cleaning of temperature and pressure data includes the identification and removal of outliers and duplicate data, the handling of missing values, the use of statistical methods to identify outliers and duplicate data in temperature and pressure data, the deletion of outliers and duplicate data in temperature and pressure data, and the filling of missing values ​​in temperature and pressure data with historical mean, median or mode of temperature and pressure data. The data smoothing and filtering process is as follows: the moving average method is used to smooth the time series of temperature and pressure data after data cleaning in order to suppress high-frequency measurement noise and instantaneous pressure fluctuations of the primary coolant system. The smoothing window length is calibrated based on the reactor power change rate and the pressurizer pressure regulation response time.

3. The precise control and monitoring system for the primary coolant charge of a nuclear power plant according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method for calculating the current coolant mass charge using the partitioned cumulative method is as follows: The zone accumulation method includes dividing the primary loop into coolant zones, and calculating and accumulating the coolant mass within each zone. The execution logic for partitioning the primary circuit into coolant zones is as follows: based on the spatial layout, structural characteristics, and physical state differences of the core equipment and pipelines of the primary circuit, the primary circuit is divided into multiple coolant zones with independent geometric volumes. The coolant zones include: reactor pressure vessel zone, pressurizer zone, primary loop main pipeline hot section zone, and primary loop main pipeline cold section zone. The geometric volumes of the reactor pressure vessel zone, pressurizer zone, primary loop main pipeline hot section zone, and primary loop main pipeline cold section zone are all confirmed based on the primary loop design drawings and equipment manufacturing parameters. The formula used to calculate and sum the coolant mass within each zone is as follows: in, for The mass and quantity of coolant at all times; For the first Geometric volume of each coolant compartment; For preprocessed Time of the first Temperature data for each coolant zone; For preprocessed Time of the first Pressure data for each coolant zone; This represents the total number of coolant zones. To be based on the preprocessed Time of the first The temperature and pressure data for each coolant zone were used to obtain the current actual water density by referring to the international standard water property table.

4. The precise control and monitoring system for the primary coolant charge of a nuclear power plant according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method for constructing a dynamic database of mass quantity changes over time is as follows: The mass of coolant is calculated at each sampling time with a fixed time interval. timestamp of the corresponding sampling time Associative storage is used to form quality / volume-time series data pairs; The mass quantity-time series data pairs are stored and managed in a time-series manner, and a dynamic database is constructed according to the chronological order. The dynamic database contains mass quantity-time series data pairs for each sampling moment in the most recent N sampling periods, where N is a preset positive integer and N≥8. The dynamic database uses a circular storage mechanism to maintain quality quantity-time series data pairs. The execution logic is as follows: when the dynamic database has reached X quality quantity-time series data pairs, the oldest quality quantity-time series data pair stored in the dynamic database is deleted, and the quality quantity-time series data pair at the current sampling time is stored in the dynamic database; when the dynamic database has not reached X quality quantity-time series data pairs, the quality quantity-time series data pair at the current sampling time is directly input into the dynamic database, where X is a preset positive integer.

5. The precise control and monitoring system for the primary coolant charge of a nuclear power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formulas used to calculate the rate of change and acceleration of the current coolant mass charge are as follows: in, for The rate of change of the mass of coolant at any given time; for The mass and quantity of coolant at all times; A preset fixed time interval; in, for The acceleration of the change in the mass of coolant at any given moment; for The rate of change of the mass of coolant at any given time.

6. The precise control and monitoring system for the primary coolant charge in a nuclear power plant according to claim 5, characterized in that: The logic for identifying whether there is abnormal coolant consumption is as follows: when > ,and When <0, start the abnormal consumption confirmation timer window; Within the abnormal consumption confirmation timing window, the rate of change of coolant mass quantity is continuously monitored. Acceleration of changes in coolant mass ; When all conditions are met within the abnormal consumption confirmation time window > , <0 and If the value is greater than 0, then abnormal coolant consumption is determined. This is the preset upper limit threshold for the normal coolant consumption rate; When the abnormal consumption confirmation timing window is in progress, the rate of change of coolant mass is... Falling back to the upper limit threshold of normal coolant consumption rate If the coolant consumption is detected within a short period, it is determined to be a momentary fluctuation in coolant, the abnormal consumption confirmation timer window is terminated and reset, and it is determined that there is no abnormal coolant consumption.

7. The precise control and monitoring system for the primary coolant charge of a nuclear power plant according to claim 6, characterized in that: To determine the development trend of the abnormal consumption, the execution logic is as follows: when At that time, it was determined that the abnormal consumption was in a stable leakage state; when If the value is greater than 0, then the abnormal consumption is determined to be in a state of accelerated deterioration; when If the value is less than 0, then the abnormal consumption is determined to be in a decaying state.

8. The precise control and monitoring system for the primary coolant charge of a nuclear power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula used to calculate the predicted coolant mass fill amount for subsequent monitoring cycles is as follows: in, To start from the current sampling time The process Predicted mass of the load after a fixed time interval; To predict the step size, and It is a positive integer; This refers to the duration of subsequent monitoring cycles.

9. A precise control and monitoring system for the primary coolant charge in a nuclear power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The remaining time required to determine the predicted mass quantity to reach the safety threshold is executed as follows: Predicted mass loading With respect to the preset coolant mass safety threshold Compare and from Start by taking values ​​that are incremented sequentially; When it first appears ≤ Record this moment. Value Then the remaining time is determined to be .

10. A precise control and monitoring system for the primary coolant charge in a nuclear power plant according to claim 9, characterized in that: The logic for determining the risk level and generating corresponding control instructions based on the remaining time is as follows: when ≥ When the risk level is determined to be low, a level 1 early warning signal is output, and a monitoring instruction to maintain the current operating status is generated. when ≤ < When the risk level is determined to be medium, a level-two early warning signal is issued, and a level-one control instruction is generated. when < When the risk level is determined to be high, a Level III early warning signal is issued, and a Level II control instruction is generated. in, and These are the preset first time threshold and second time threshold, respectively. < .

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