Swamp habitat multi-element integrated promotion method based on biological difference requirement

Abstract

The application discloses a marsh habitat multi-element integrated promotion method based on biological difference requirements, and belongs to the technical field of wetland ecological restoration. The method first carries out biological resource investigation and water quality monitoring on the target marsh area, establishes the corresponding relationship between the biological community life cycle stage and the habitat element demand, and then divides the area into a clear water structure type habitat promotion area and a food supply enhancement area. In the clear water promotion area, complementary submerged plant combinations are used for restoration, and in the food supply enhancement area, local fish stocking is implemented by constructing a containment unit, and the water eutrophication state is monitored in real time. The effect evaluation is completed through regular ecological monitoring. The application is oriented to biological differentiation requirements, cooperatively regulates water quality, food supply and habitat structure, has stronger restoration accuracy and stability, can effectively improve the suitable living conditions of the key life cycle of multiple types of organisms, and optimizes the structure and function of the marsh wetland ecosystem.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wetland ecological restoration technology, and in particular to a multi-element integrated improvement method for marsh habitats based on the needs of biological differences. Background Technology

[0002] As an important type of wetland, marshes are vital habitats for diverse biological communities, playing crucial ecological roles in maintaining biodiversity, regulating regional hydrological processes, and ensuring ecological security. For a long time, under the combined effects of climate change and human activities, marsh wetlands have generally faced problems such as habitat degradation, declining biodiversity, and weakened ecological functions. This degradation is particularly pronounced in Northeast China, negatively impacting regional water quality, vegetation growth, biological habitats, and natural succession processes. Therefore, there is an urgent need to restore and enhance marsh habitats through scientific and effective technological means.

[0003] Existing wetland restoration measures often focus on a single objective, making it difficult to address the diverse habitat requirements of different biological communities at different stages of their life cycle. For example, some wetland restoration projects often use engineering measures such as excavation and landfill to alter hydrological conditions or topography. These approaches emphasize macro-ecological restoration but lack regulation of food web structure, interspecific relationships, and the dynamic processes of biological communities. Consequently, they fail to meet the diverse habitat requirements of organisms at different trophic levels during their life cycle stages, such as reproduction, larval development, growth, and energy replenishment. For instance, some biological communities are more sensitive to clean water, habitat conditions, and environmental stability, while others rely more heavily on a sufficient supply of bottom-dwelling food sources such as phytoplankton or zooplankton at specific stages.

[0004] Fish stocking, as a biomanipulation technique, achieves efficient water purification in marshes, promotes the integrity of ecological structures, generates economic benefits from resource utilization, and enhances the ecological resilience of the system through the ecological logic of "using fish to purify and nourish water." However, it does not improve problems such as marshland substrate compaction, aquatic plant degradation, and altered hydrological conditions, and may even disrupt the original biological community structure. Aquatic plant restoration, especially submerged plant restoration, is a commonly used ecological restoration method and has achieved some success in improving water transparency, inhibiting eutrophication, and fixing sediments. However, current technologies rely heavily on experience in the selection and configuration of plant species, emphasizing aesthetics and local adaptability, and lacking a systematic consideration of the life cycle characteristics of different plants. This can easily lead to insufficient ecological function continuity of vegetation over time, making it difficult to maintain stable water purification, habitat creation, and community maintenance in the long term, thus affecting the sustainability and stability of the overall restoration effect.

[0005] Based on the aforementioned technical issues, those skilled in the art urgently need to develop a marsh habitat enhancement technology that can address the differentiated needs of different biological life cycles and synergistically regulate key ecological elements such as water quality, interspecific relationships, and food supply, so as to improve the targetedness, sustainability, and stability of marsh wetland restoration. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-element integrated improvement method for marsh habitat based on the needs of biological differences. Its core lies in using two biological regulation methods, namely, the restoration of submerged plants and the stocking of fish, to regulate multiple ecological elements in marsh habitat, such as water quality, interspecific relationships and food supply, thereby achieving comprehensive improvement of marsh habitat, meeting the habitat needs of different biological communities at various life stages, and providing the most suitable habitat conditions.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] The present invention provides a multi-element integrated improvement method for marsh habitat based on biological differences in needs. This improvement method includes the following steps:

[0009] Step 1, Analysis of the current status of biological resources: Investigate the phytoplankton, zooplankton, fish and related bird communities in the target area to obtain information on community composition, dominant species and key trophic levels.

[0010] Step 2, Analysis of the current ecological environment: Conduct a water quality survey of the target area to identify the risk of eutrophication of the water bodies;

[0011] Step 3: Based on the current status of biological resources and ecological environment in the target area, establish the correlation between different biological community life cycle stages and corresponding habitat element requirements, and transform these requirements into controllable habitat elements.

[0012] Step four: Based on the controllable habitat element indicators obtained in step three, the target area is divided into two functional zones: a clear water structure type habitat enhancement zone and a food supply enhancement zone.

[0013] Step 5: Process each region separately:

[0014] In the clear water structure habitat enhancement area, a combination of submerged plants with complementary growth cycles is used for restoration treatment;

[0015] In the food supply enhancement zone, enclosure units are constructed to reduce interference with other areas. Native fish are stocked within the enclosure units, and eutrophication thresholds are monitored. When the monitoring results exceed the preset threshold or show a deteriorating trend for several consecutive days, fish harvesting and removal, reduction of stocking intensity, shortening of operation time, or switching to submerged plant restoration methods are implemented to restore the clear water state.

[0016] Step Six: Scientific Monitoring and Assessment: Regularly conduct ecological monitoring, including monitoring water quality, plankton communities, and biodiversity in different areas. Based on the monitoring results, comprehensively assess the ecological functions and benefits achieved by different treatment measures.

[0017] Furthermore, in step one, a biological resource survey is conducted by combining historical data with current status monitoring to analyze the changing trends of different biological communities, identify the target biological communities and their key life cycle stages, and then determine the management objectives.

[0018] Furthermore, in step two, the current state of the ecological environment is analyzed, and at least TP, TN, Chl-a, and NO3 are obtained. - -N and NH4 + The -N index is used to evaluate the eutrophication level of water bodies.

[0019] Furthermore, the controllable habitat elements mentioned in step three include water quality, algae abundance, food supply, and habitat structure.

[0020] Furthermore, in step four, the delineation of clear water zones is mainly based on TN, TP, and other values ​​used to calculate eutrophication status. This identifies which areas in the entire region are at risk of eutrophication and defines these areas as clear water structural habitat enhancement zones. Food supply enhancement zones are defined by investigating the activity areas of waterbirds and fish, as well as the phytoplankton community (at the bottom of the food chain), identifying areas where related biological communities tend to aggregate, and identifying which areas in these regions have low food resources. These areas are then designated as food supply enhancement zones.

[0021] Furthermore, the seasonally complementary submerged plant combination mentioned in step five is a combination of Potamogeton crispus, which grows in winter and spring, and Myriophyllum spicatum, which grows in summer.

[0022] When restoring submerged plants, ensure that the coverage of submerged plants remains above 25%.

[0023] Furthermore, the enclosure unit mentioned in step five is made of stainless steel sheet into a cuboid structure with a length of 1-2m, a width of 1-2m, and a height of 2-4m. It has no end caps at the top and bottom, and several small holes with a diameter of no more than 5mm are opened on the four side walls.

[0024] Furthermore, the enclosure unit mentioned in step five should be inserted into the bottom mud by about 20cm, and the top of the enclosure should always be about 40cm above the water surface, based on the water level height recorded in historical data during the wet and dry seasons.

[0025] Furthermore, the fish species released in step five include at least carp and crucian carp, both of which are bottom-dwelling omnivorous fish.

[0026] Furthermore, the preset threshold mentioned in step five is specifically when the comprehensive nutritional status index reaches the level of mild eutrophication, and the monitoring frequency is once every half month.

[0027] Furthermore, the scientific assessment described in step six is ​​based on the degree of water quality improvement, plankton community, increase in biodiversity, and changes in community stability. It assesses the degree of improvement in the suitable conditions of different biological communities at each stage of their life cycle and evaluates the food resource supply level for upper-level consumers.

[0028] In the above technical solution, the integrated multi-element improvement method for marsh habitat based on biological differences and needs provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] This invention presents a multi-element integrated improvement method for marsh habitats based on the differentiated needs of different biological communities at various stages of their life cycle within the target area. It guides the functional zoning and targeted regulation of the marsh habitat to be improved, and achieves multiple objectives, including water quality improvement, food supply regulation, and habitat function enhancement, through the synergistic configuration of two biological regulation methods: restoration of submerged plant combinations and controlled fish stocking. Compared with existing technologies, this invention not only focuses on improving hydrological conditions or single ecological indicators, but also addresses the needs of biological communities by targeting key elements affecting the stability of marsh ecosystems, thereby improving the accuracy, sustainability, and stability of restoration measures.

[0030] In terms of ecological benefits, this invention improves the year-round continuity of vegetation cover by configuring seasonally complementary submerged plant combinations in the clear water structure enhancement zone. This enhances nutrient absorption and sediment fixation capacity, thereby reducing the risk of eutrophication and inhibiting algal blooms. The formation of a clear water environment and increased vegetation cover help fish obtain more suitable conditions for spawning, predator avoidance, and foraging during their reproductive, larval, and early growth stages. It also provides better habitats for wading birds, waterfowl, and other birds during their foraging, resting, breeding, and brooding stages. Simultaneously, it optimizes the phytoplankton community structure, promotes the transformation of the phytoplankton community towards a higher diversity and stability state, and provides a more stable microenvironment for zooplankton reproduction and population maintenance.

[0031] In terms of resource supply benefits, by implementing enclosed stocking of native fish in food-enhancing zones, the supply of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and related bottom resources is improved. This enhances the food conditions for filter-feeding or omnivorous fish during their larval, juvenile, and adult stages, and increases the foraging efficiency of birds that feed on fish, zooplankton, or benthic invertebrates during migratory stopovers and breeding replenishment periods. Therefore, this invention does not merely improve a single environmental indicator, but rather achieves a synergistic enhancement of the suitable conditions for multiple groups of organisms, including fish, birds, plankton, and benthic animals, at key stages of their life cycles through targeted regulation of different habitat elements, providing a new approach for the restoration and protection of marsh wetlands. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0033] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the integrated multi-element enhancement method for marsh habitat based on biological differences in needs, provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the enclosure in the integrated multi-element improvement method for marsh habitat based on biological differences provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of the total nitrogen (TN) concentration changes in different treatment areas according to embodiments of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of the changes in total phosphorus (TP) concentration in different samples from embodiments of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 NH4 samples from different embodiments of the present invention + Comparison chart of -N concentration changes;

[0038] Figure 6 PO4 samples from different embodiments of the present invention 3- Concentration change comparison chart;

[0039] Figure 7 COD samples from different samples in embodiments of the present invention Mn Concentration change comparison chart;

[0040] Figure 8 NO3 sampled in different embodiments of the present invention - Comparison chart of -N concentration changes;

[0041] Figure 9 This is a comparison chart of Chl-a concentration changes from different samples in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 10 TLI with different sampling methods in embodiments of the present invention CW Comparison chart;

[0043] Figure 11 This is a graph showing the variation of phytoplankton abundance in different samples from embodiments of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 12 This is a graph showing the changes in zooplankton abundance from different sampling methods in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 13 This is a comparison chart of Shannon-Wiener diversity indices for different samples in embodiments of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 14 This is a comparison chart of Margalef richness indices from different samples in embodiments of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 15 This is a comparison chart of Pielou uniformity indices for different sampling methods in embodiments of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 16 This is a comparison diagram of the interspecific relationship network parameters of phytoplankton in different treatment areas according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 17 This is a comparison diagram of the interspecific relationship network parameters of zooplankton in different treatment areas according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 18 This is a comparison diagram of the interspecific relationship network parameters of planktonic organisms in different treatment areas according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0051] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0052] See Figures 1-18 As shown;

[0053] This experiment was conducted in 2023 in Xingkai Lake Marsh Wetland, Mishan City, Jixi City, Heilongjiang Province. This area is a typical marsh wetland with representative landform features.

[0054] The present invention provides a multi-element integrated improvement method for marsh habitat based on biological differences in needs. This improvement method includes the following steps:

[0055] Step 1: Analysis of the Current Status of Biological Resources: In accordance with the "Technical Regulations for Wetland Resource Survey" (TD / T1109-2025), a survey was conducted on the phytoplankton, zooplankton, fish, and related bird communities in the marshland area to be improved. The community composition was obtained, and combined with historical data and current monitoring, the changing trends of different biological communities were analyzed to identify the target biological communities and their key life cycle stages, thus determining management objectives. Bird resources were mainly composed of geese, ducks, and gulls, with the most common being the Common Moorhen. During the survey, a national first-class protected bird species, such as the Oriental White Stork, was also observed. Fish resources were mainly composed of Cyprinidae, including Cyprinidae, Culterinae, Cyprinodontinae, Silver Carpinae, and Cobitidae. The phytoplankton community was mainly composed of green algae, followed by diatoms, cyanobacteria, and euglena. Zooplankton were mainly rotifers, followed by protozoa, cladocerans, and copepods. The above survey results provide a basis for the formulation of subsequent marshland habitat ecological control measures.

[0056] Step Two, Analysis of the Current Ecological Environment: Water quality monitoring will be conducted on the marshland area to be improved according to the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" (GB 3838-2002) and the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Monitoring Specification" (HJ 91.2-2022). At least TP, TN, Chl-a, and NO3- levels must be obtained. - -N, NH4 + Indicators such as -N are used to evaluate the degree of eutrophication of water bodies and identify the risk of eutrophication.

[0057] Step 3: Based on the current status of biological resources and ecological environment in the target area, and in combination with the composition characteristics, diet structure, breeding period and habitat habits of different biological communities, identify their differentiated needs for habitat conditions at key life cycle stages, and establish the correspondence between "life cycle stage - habitat element needs".

[0058] The survey results indicate that bird resources in the region are mainly composed of geese, ducks, and gulls, with their breeding season typically concentrated between April and July. Geese and ducks prefer open water surfaces rich in submerged vegetation. Geese primarily feed on plants and algae, occasionally consuming aquatic insects. Ducks have a more varied diet, consuming aquatic plants and algae, as well as small fish, shrimp, and mollusks. Some ducks (such as the shoveler) use their specialized beaks to filter plankton from the water. Gulls mainly feed on small fish, shrimp, and insects, preferring various aquatic environments such as lakes and marshes. Oriental white storks typically breed from April to June, often wading in marshes, wetlands, and ponds to forage. Their diet consists mainly of animal-based foods such as fish, frogs, small rodents, and mollusks, as well as some plant leaves and seeds. Fish resources in the region are mainly composed of Cypriniformes, which have a diverse diet, consuming algae, aquatic plants, zooplankton, and benthic animals. For example, carp typically feed on plankton, and their breeding season is usually from April to July. Based on the different needs of various biological communities throughout their life cycles, these needs are categorized into four types of controllable habitat elements: water quality, algae abundance, food supply, and habitat structure, providing a basis for subsequent functional zoning and targeted regulation.

[0059] Step four: Based on the controllable habitat element indicators obtained in step three, the target area is divided into two functional zones: clear water structural habitat enhancement zone and food supply enhancement zone. The clear water zone is mainly based on TN, TP and other values ​​used to calculate eutrophication status to identify which areas in the entire region are at risk of eutrophication. These areas at risk of eutrophication are defined as clear water structural habitat enhancement zones. The food supply enhancement zone is defined by investigating the activity areas of waterbirds and fish, and by investigating the plankton community (at the bottom of the food chain) to identify areas where related biological communities tend to gather, and to identify which areas in these areas have low food resources. These areas are then designated as food supply enhancement zones.

[0060] Step 5: Process each area separately:

[0061] (5.1) In the clear water structure type habitat enhancement area, a combination of submerged plants with seasonal complementarity is used for restoration treatment;

[0062] The submerged plant combination selected was *Potamogeton crispus*, which grows in winter and spring, paired with *Myriophyllum spicatum*, which grows in summer. During the restoration process, the coverage of the submerged plants was ideally maintained at over 25%. This combined restoration ensures a high coverage of submerged plants in the target area throughout the year, thereby enhancing water purification capacity and providing a suitable habitat for various bird species, as well as food resources for herbivorous birds and fish. Considering that *Potamogeton crispus* easily declines and decays in summer, timely harvesting and removal of decaying or deteriorated *Potamogeton crispus* are necessary to prevent adverse effects on the aquatic environment. Furthermore, a single *Potamogeton crispus* restoration treatment and no restoration treatment were included as controls during the experiment.

[0063] (5.2) In the food supply enhancement zone, an enclosure unit is constructed to reduce interference to other areas, and controlled fish stocking is carried out in the enclosure unit while monitoring the eutrophication threshold. When the monitoring results exceed the preset threshold or the monitoring results show a deterioration trend for several consecutive days, fish harvesting and removal, reducing stocking intensity, shortening the operation time limit, or switching to the submerged plant restoration module to restore the clear water state are implemented.

[0064] The enclosure unit was constructed from stainless steel sheets, forming a rectangular structure 1m long × 1m wide × 2.4m high. Several 5mm diameter circular holes were made in the side walls, inserting approximately 20cm into the bottom sediment. Based on historical data of high-water levels, the top of the enclosure was consistently kept about 40cm above the water surface. Carp and crucian carp were stocked; both are benthic omnivorous fish that will increase nutrient concentrations in the water through biological disturbance and excretion, thus promoting algae growth. The preset threshold was a comprehensive trophic status index reaching a slightly eutrophic level, with monitoring every two weeks. In addition, a control group with no recovery and no stocking was included during the experiment.

[0065] Step Six: Scientific Monitoring and Assessment: Regularly conduct ecological monitoring, including monitoring water quality, plankton communities, and biodiversity in different areas. Based on the monitoring results, comprehensively assess the ecological functions and benefits achieved by different treatment measures.

[0066] (6.1) The impact of different treatments on water quality

[0067] The experiment was deployed on May 7, 2023. The first seven monitoring samplings were conducted every two weeks, with the final sampling completed on December 11, 2024 (during the ice cover period), for a total of eight samplings. Water, zooplankton, and phytoplankton samples were collected simultaneously from each area. Monitoring results showed that the vegetation coverage in the submerged plant composite restoration area was consistently maintained above 25%, and the concentrations of various water quality indicators and the Variable Weighted Comprehensive Tropical Index (TLI) remained relatively stable. CWThe mean TN and NH4+ levels were low in all treatment areas. Compared to the unrestored control area, the submerged plant combination restoration area had significantly lower levels. + -N, NO3 - -N, TP, Chl-a concentrations and TLI CW All decreased significantly, with a reduction of approximately 18% to 40%; average PO4 3- and COD Mn The concentration was not significantly different from the control area, but it was still slightly lower than the control area overall, with a decrease of about 0.5% to 12%.

[0068] The results indicate that the submerged plant combination restoration treatment can maintain high vegetation cover over a longer timescale and achieve relatively stable water purification effects, thereby effectively improving the aquatic environment conditions of marsh habitats. While improving water cleanliness and stability, this treatment provides a certain food source for herbivorous fish and birds, and offers fish relatively stable spawning, predator avoidance, and activity space during the breeding season, larval development, and early growth stages. Therefore, the submerged plant combination treatment not only improves the basic aquatic environment of the target area but also provides more suitable habitat conditions for different biological communities at key stages of their life cycle, laying the foundation for habitat function enhancement. Furthermore, compared with the single submerged plant restoration area, the submerged plant combination restoration area exhibits superior water purification effects, with overall lower concentrations of various monitoring indicators.

[0069] TN and NH4 in carp stocking area + -N, TP, PO4 3- Chl-a concentration and TLI CW All were the highest in all treatment areas, and significantly higher than the control area and the submerged plant recovery area in most monitoring periods (P<0.05). Among them, the average TN, TP, Chl-a concentration and TLI were the highest. CW The levels were significantly higher than in the control area, with an increase of approximately 20%–140%. The concentrations of TP, Chl-a, and TLI in the crucian carp stocking area were also significantly higher. CW The level was second only to the carp stocking area, and significantly higher than the control area in some monitoring periods (P<0.05); its average TP, Chl-a concentration and TLI concentration were also significantly higher. CW The levels were approximately 14% to 73% higher than the control area. This indicates that stocking fish, especially carp, can increase the nutrient levels in the water and the risk of eutrophication to some extent. Therefore, regular monitoring and dynamic management are necessary during implementation. Water quality monitoring and threshold response control measures should be implemented accordingly.

[0070] (6.2) Effects of different treatments on phytoplankton communities

[0071] Monitoring results showed that the phytoplankton abundance in the submerged plant assemblage restoration area was generally lower than that in all treatment areas, indicating that the treatment had a certain inhibitory effect on excessive phytoplankton proliferation. Compared with the control area, the overall phytoplankton abundance decreased by approximately 16%–30%. However, the three biodiversity indices of the phytoplankton community in the submerged plant assemblage restoration area were all higher than those in the control area (4%–9%). Simultaneously, the interspecific relationship network of phytoplankton in the submerged plant assemblage restoration area exhibited higher network degree, network density, edge count, average clustering coefficient, and interspecific relationship complexity, indicating that the phytoplankton populations maintained closer and more stable interrelationships, demonstrating stronger community structure stability and resistance to disturbance. These results indicate that the submerged plant assemblage restoration treatment can not only inhibit excessive phytoplankton proliferation but also optimize its community structure, promoting the transformation of the community from a high-abundance, low-stability state to a higher-diversity and more stable state. Therefore, this treatment helps enhance the stability of the phytoplankton community and provides support for the long-term stability of the food web structure in marsh ecosystems.

[0072] The phytoplankton abundance in the stocking areas of both fish species was generally high across all treatment areas, with average abundance reaching high values ​​during the fish and bird breeding season from April to July. Compared to the control area, the average phytoplankton abundance in the two fish stocking areas increased by 51%–120%, and zooplankton abundance increased by approximately 16%–99%, respectively. These results indicate that fish stocking can improve the supply of phytoplankton resources and provide a more sufficient food base for phytoplankton-feeding fish and birds during the critical breeding stage. Furthermore, for bird communities that do not directly feed on phytoplankton, this increase in resources can be passed down through the food chain, improving their access to food resources and thus improving food conditions during the breeding season.

[0073] However, the Margalef richness index, Pielou evenness index, and key interspecific relationship network topological attributes of the phytoplankton community in this treatment area were all at low levels, indicating that the phytoplankton community performed poorly in terms of species richness and evenness, with low overall biodiversity and poor community stability. However, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index remained at a certain level, indicating that the community had not yet shown a significant trend towards homogenization and still possessed a certain foundation for community stability. Furthermore, the mean degree, number of points, number of edges, network density, and interspecific relationship complexity of the zooplankton interspecific relationship network and the phytoplankton-zooplankton interspecific relationship network were the highest among all areas throughout the experiment, reflecting that fish stocking promoted phytoplankton biomass, provided more nutrient sources for zooplankton, and enhanced interactions between populations. Therefore, while implementing fish stocking treatment, corresponding monitoring and control measures should also be implemented to prevent further decline in phytoplankton community stability and avoid aquatic ecological imbalance.

[0074] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-element integrated improvement method for marsh habitat based on the diverse needs of organisms, characterized in that: The improvement method includes the following steps: Step 1, Analysis of the current status of biological resources: Investigate the phytoplankton, zooplankton, fish and related bird communities in the target area to obtain information on community composition, dominant species and key trophic levels. Step 2, Analysis of the current ecological environment: Conduct a water quality survey of the target area to identify the risk of eutrophication of the water bodies; Step 3: Based on the current status of biological resources and ecological environment in the target area, establish the correlation between different biological community life cycle stages and corresponding habitat element requirements, and transform these requirements into controllable habitat elements. Step four: Based on the controllable habitat element indicators obtained in step three, the target area is divided into two functional zones: a clear water structure type habitat enhancement zone and a food supply enhancement zone. Step 5: Process each region separately: In the clear water structure habitat enhancement area, a combination of submerged plants with complementary growth cycles is used for restoration treatment; In the food supply enhancement zone, enclosure units are constructed to reduce interference with other areas. Native fish are stocked within the enclosure units, and eutrophication thresholds are monitored. When the monitoring results exceed the preset threshold or show a deteriorating trend for several consecutive days, fish harvesting and removal, reduction of stocking intensity, shortening of operation time, or switching to submerged plant restoration methods are implemented to restore the clear water state. Step Six: Scientific Monitoring and Evaluation: Conduct regular ecological monitoring of water quality, plankton communities, and biodiversity in different areas; and based on the monitoring results, comprehensively evaluate the ecological functions and benefits achieved by different treatment measures.

2. The integrated multi-element improvement method for marsh habitat based on biological differences in needs as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, a biological resource survey is conducted by combining historical data with current status monitoring to analyze the changing trends of different biological communities, identify the target biological communities and their key life cycle stages, and then determine the management objectives.

3. The integrated multi-element improvement method for marsh habitat based on biological differences in needs as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the current state of the ecological environment is analyzed, and at least TP, TN, Chl-a, and NO3 are obtained. - -N and NH4 + The -N index is used to evaluate the eutrophication level of water bodies.

4. The integrated multi-element improvement method for marsh habitat based on biological differences in needs as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The controllable habitat elements mentioned in step three include water quality, algae abundance, food supply, and habitat structure.

5. The integrated multi-element improvement method for marsh habitat based on biological differences in needs as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step four, the clear water zone is delineated: based on the values ​​used to calculate the eutrophication status, it is identified which areas in the entire region are at risk of eutrophication, and these areas at risk of eutrophication are defined as clear water structural habitat enhancement zones. Food supply enhancement zones: By investigating the activity areas of waterbirds and fish, and by investigating plankton communities, areas where related biological communities tend to aggregate are identified, and areas with low food resources are identified within these areas. These areas are then designated as food supply enhancement zones.

6. The integrated multi-element improvement method for marsh habitat based on biological differences in needs as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The submerged plant combination with seasonal complementarity mentioned in step five is a combination of Potamogeton crispus that grows in winter and spring and Myriophyllum spicatum that grows in summer. When restoring submerged plants, ensure that the coverage of submerged plants remains above 25%.

7. The integrated multi-element improvement method for marsh habitat based on biological differences in needs as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The enclosure unit mentioned in step five is a rectangular structure made of stainless steel plate, 1-2m long, 1-2m wide, and 2-4m high, with several small holes on the four side walls; the enclosure unit is inserted into the bottom mud, and the top of the enclosure is always kept above the water surface according to the water level height recorded in historical data during the wet and dry seasons.

8. The integrated multi-element improvement method for marsh habitat based on biological differences in needs as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fish species released in step five include at least carp and crucian carp.

9. The integrated multi-element improvement method for marsh habitat based on biological differences in needs as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The preset threshold mentioned in step five is specifically when the comprehensive nutritional status index reaches the level of mild eutrophication, and the monitoring frequency is once every half month.

10. The integrated multi-element improvement method for marsh habitat based on biological differences in needs as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The scientific assessment described in step six is ​​based on the degree of water quality improvement, plankton community, increase in biodiversity, and changes in community stability. It assesses the degree of improvement in the suitable conditions of different biological communities at each stage of their life cycle and evaluates the food resource supply level for upper-level consumers.

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