An integrated planting method suitable for sugar beet in spring drought area

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of sugar beet planting, and provides an integrated planting method suitable for sugar beet in spring drought area. The planting method comprises simultaneous seedling regulation and layered water preservation. The seedling regulation comprises: (1) seed disinfection; (2) composite seed soaking; (3) length control and germination promotion; (4) strong bud thickening; and (5) seedling stage regulation. The layered water preservation comprises: (1) land preparation and ditching; (2) three-layer structure laying; and (3) micro-area irrigation. The planting method can realize thickening of embryo axis, optimization of root-shoot ratio and improvement of osmotic regulation ability through the cooperation of simultaneous seedling regulation and layered water preservation, precise formula and quantitative parameters. Meanwhile, the planting method can match the root distribution characteristics of sugar beet, construct a long-term stable water supply environment, and realize the synchronous improvement of seedling survival rate, water utilization rate, yield and sugar content through the cooperation of endogenous drought resistance and exogenous water preservation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of sugar beet cultivation technology, specifically relating to an integrated planting method for sugar beets suitable for spring drought areas. Background Technology

[0002] Sugar beet is the most representative sugar crop in the arid and semi-arid regions of northern my country. my country's main sugar beet producing areas are highly concentrated in high-latitude, arid and semi-arid regions such as Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Xinjiang. These regions generally exhibit typical climatic characteristics such as rapid spring warming, scarce rainfall, intense surface evaporation, severe shortage of irrigation water resources, and frequent and prolonged spring droughts. Throughout the entire growth cycle, sugar beet seedlings are far less drought-resistant than those in the later stages, and are extremely sensitive to soil moisture deficits, making this the most critical period for drought resistance. Under prolonged spring drought, sugar beet seeds often experience insufficient water absorption, inhibited germination, delayed emergence, and a significant decrease in seedling uniformity. Seedlings are more prone to stunted growth, leaf wilting, poor root development, and even large-scale death, directly resulting in low seedling survival rates, unbalanced plant populations, and weakened plant growth. This significantly reduces the yield and sugar content of sugar beet tubers, and has long been a core bottleneck restricting the improvement of quality and efficiency, stable expansion of planting scale, and the achievement of high-quality development in my country's sugar beet industry.

[0003] Currently, in the actual production process of drought-resistant sugar beet cultivation and in the existing conventional cultivation technology system, the measures to deal with drought stress in the seedling stage are still mainly traditional, extensive and single. Common methods include soaking seeds in water, soaking seeds in a single plant growth regulator to promote germination, simply mixing water-retaining agents into the soil, covering the seeds with ordinary plastic film, and flood irrigation. The overall technical level is low, and there is a lack of precise and systematic design based on the biological characteristics of sugar beet seedlings, root distribution patterns, and drought resistance physiological mechanisms.

[0004] In large-scale field applications, existing technologies have revealed multiple insurmountable and long-standing technical shortcomings and inherent defects: First, most seed soaking and germination processes only aim to increase seed germination rate, lacking the function of enhancing seedling resistance and optimizing morphological structure, thus failing to improve drought resistance from within the plant; Second, there is a lack of targeted regulation of key seedling traits specific to sugar beets, and quantitative management of traits closely related to drought resistance, such as hypocotyl thickness, root vigor, and root-shoot ratio, is not implemented, thus failing to fully realize the seedling's own drought resistance genetic potential. Third, water conservation measures mostly adopt traditional methods such as full-layer mixing and surface spreading, resulting in large ineffective water evaporation, short water retention duration, and poor water supply accuracy; fourth, irrigation methods have long been extensive, with flood irrigation as the main mode, resulting in huge water consumption and extremely low water use efficiency, which sharply contradicts the reality of severe water shortage in major production areas and the rigid demand for agricultural water conservation; fifth, existing drought resistance technologies are mostly isolated, scattered, and single measures, with limited overall drought resistance effect, making it difficult to stably guarantee seedling emergence and survival rates under continuous severe spring drought conditions.

[0005] At the same time, with the continuous advancement of my country's strategies for green agricultural development, water-saving agriculture, and high-efficiency agriculture, the traditional drought-resistant cultivation model, which is characterized by high water consumption, low efficiency, and instability, can no longer meet the needs of modern agricultural standardization, large-scale, and green production.

[0006] Against this backdrop, developing a new drought-resistant sugar beet cultivation technology that can simultaneously achieve precise seedling growth, efficient water retention, water conservation and efficiency improvement, and stable yield and high sugar content has become an important research direction that urgently needs to be broken through in the field of sugar beet cultivation and breeding, and is also an urgent practical need to promote the sustainable development of my country's sugar beet industry. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide an integrated planting method for sugar beets suitable for spring drought areas. This method, through simultaneous seedling strengthening regulation and stratified water retention, precise formulation and quantitative parameters, can achieve increased hypocotyl thickness, optimized root-to-shoot ratio, and improved osmotic regulation capacity. Simultaneously, it can match the root distribution characteristics of sugar beets to construct a long-term stable water supply environment. Furthermore, through the synergy of endogenous drought resistance and exogenous water retention, it achieves simultaneous improvements in seedling survival rate, water use efficiency, yield, and sugar content.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the solution adopted by the present invention is: An integrated planting method for sugar beets suitable for spring drought areas includes: simultaneous seedling strengthening regulation and stratified water retention; seedling strengthening regulation includes: (1) Seed disinfection: soaking sugar beet seeds in 75% ethanol for 1 min, rinsing with running water, soaking in 2‰ thiram for 12 h, rinsing and drying; (2) Compound soaking: soaking seeds at 25℃ for 10 h according to the ratio of soaking solution:seed = 5 mL:1 g, the soaking solution is a mixture of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 80 mg / L salicylic acid; (3) Growth control and germination: germinating at 25℃ and 80-90% humidity until the sprout length is 2-3 mm; (4) Spraying 50 mL of germination strengthening solution for every 100 g of seeds, the germination strengthening solution is a mixture of 0.2% soluble sugar and 0.1% free proline; spraying with fine mist, turning the seeds while spraying; after spraying, keeping the seeds at room temperature of 20-25℃. Dry for 20 minutes and sow immediately; (5) Seedling stage control: 7 days after emergence, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer. The raw materials of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer include N, phosphorus and potassium in a mass ratio of 1:2:3. , 3.0 kg per mu, applied in furrows, without contact with the seedling roots; 14 days after emergence, drought hardening is carried out; layered water retention includes: (1) land preparation and furrowing: depth 25 cm, width 10 cm, row spacing 45 cm, soil in the furrow is broken up, particle size less than or equal to 1 cm, no large soil clods; (2) three-layer structure laying: upper layer 0-3 cm: fine sand and straw powder are used, the amount is 120 kg / mu; middle layer 3-15 cm: water-retaining gel and decomposed organic fertilizer are used, the amount of water-retaining gel is 1.5 kg dry powder / mu, the amount of decomposed organic fertilizer is 900 kg / mu; lower layer 15-25 cm: coarse sand and biochar are used, the amount is 400 kg / mu; (3) micro-area irrigation: after sowing, the middle layer is thoroughly watered once, without water accumulation or excessive seepage, the water consumption per mu is ≤12 m³, and the field water holding capacity of the root zone is maintained at 60-70%.

[0009] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of fine sand to straw powder is 6-8:2-4.

[0010] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the particle size of the fine sand is 0.15-0.3 mm, and the particle size of the straw powder is 0.2-0.5 mm.

[0011] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of water-retaining gel to decomposed organic fertilizer is 1:8-10.

[0012] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing the decomposed organic fertilizer is as follows: the raw materials are beet straw, sheep manure, and oyster mushroom residue mixed in a mass ratio of 4:3:3, crushed to a particle size of less than or equal to 3 mm, the moisture content is adjusted to 55-60%, and high-temperature aerobic fermentation is carried out for 25 days. During the fermentation process, the high temperature above 55°C is maintained for no less than 7 days until the material decomposes to a C / N ratio of less than 18, with no odor and no insect eggs, and then crushed through an 8-mesh sieve to obtain the final product.

[0013] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing the water-retaining gel includes: mixing potassium polyacrylate water-retaining agent with water at a mass ratio of 1:500, stirring at room temperature for 60 min until completely swollen and transparent, and letting stand for 30 min to remove air bubbles, thereby obtaining the water-retaining gel.

[0014] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of coarse sand to biochar is 7-9:1-3.

[0015] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the particle size of the coarse sand is 0.5-1.0 mm.

[0016] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing biochar includes: crushing beet stalks and corn stalks into 1-3 cm pieces, carbonizing them at 480-520℃ with limited oxygen for 2 h, cooling them, and then crushing them through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain the biochar.

[0017] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (5) of seedling regulation, drought hardening is carried out until the soil moisture content is controlled at 55-60% of field capacity.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the integrated planting method for sugar beets in spring-drought areas provided by this invention are: (1) The integrated planting method for sugar beets in spring drought areas provided by the present invention organically combines the targeted regulation of drought resistance and seedling strengthening during the seedling stage with the micro-domain water retention and release technology in the root zone to form a dual synergistic drought resistance system that enhances the plant's drought resistance from the endogenous source and provides stable water supply from the exogenous source. The seedling strengthening technology enables the seedlings to have stronger drought resistance and dehydration resistance. The water retention technology provides the seedlings with a continuous and stable water environment in the root zone. After the two are combined, the inhibitory effect of spring drought on sugar beet emergence, seedling protection and growth can be significantly reduced, the seedling protection rate can be significantly improved compared with traditional methods, the seedling mortality rate under drought stress can be significantly reduced, and the overall drought resistance effect is far better than that of single technical measures. (2) The integrated planting method for sugar beets in spring drought areas provided by this invention has a highly synergistic structure of an upper anti-evaporation layer, a middle water-retaining layer, and a lower water-conducting layer: the combination of fine sand and straw powder in the upper layer can significantly reduce ineffective evaporation on the soil surface and avoid soil compaction; the combination of water-retaining gel and decomposed organic fertilizer in the middle layer forms a stable micro-reservoir in the root zone, which can slowly and continuously release water and has a water retention period of up to 15-20 days; the combination of coarse sand and biochar in the lower layer can quickly drain excess water, prevent root hypoxia and rot, and promote the rooting of the sugar beet taproot; the three layers perform their respective functions and cooperate with each other to achieve the integration of anti-evaporation, water retention, water release and water conduction, which significantly improves water utilization, greatly reduces irrigation water consumption per acre, and has outstanding water-saving effect; (3) The integrated planting method for sugar beets in spring drought areas provided by this invention scientifically combines components such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, salicylic acid, soluble sugar, and free proline at specific dosages, and the substances produce obvious synergistic effects: salicylic acid can effectively enhance cell membrane stability and reduce the excessive accumulation of malondialdehyde under drought stress; potassium dihydrogen phosphate provides balanced phosphorus and potassium nutrition for seedling germination and early growth, and promotes root development and thickening of the hypocotyl; soluble sugar and free proline can synergistically enhance the osmotic regulation capacity of sugar beet seedlings, so that the leaves can still maintain a high relative water content under drought conditions; the above components promote each other and complement each other's advantages, and together achieve the comprehensive effects of enhancing stress resistance, strengthening the hypocotyl, optimizing the root crown, and protecting water and leaves, so as to significantly improve the endogenous drought resistance of sugar beet seedlings; (4) The integrated planting method for sugar beets in spring drought areas provided by this invention has precise quantitative process parameters, clear operation steps and conditions, no need for complex equipment and professional skills, strong repeatability, and high consistency and stability in the field. It can meet the needs of large-scale standardized and large-scale planting of sugar beets in spring drought areas such as Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang in my country. Moreover, the fine sand, straw powder, biochar and decomposed organic fertilizer used in this invention are all common agricultural materials or by-products. They are widely available, low in cost, non-toxic and harmless, and environmentally friendly. They will not cause soil and water pollution, which meets the requirements of low-carbon, green and sustainable agricultural development. Long-term use can improve soil structure and enhance soil fertility, which is conducive to the conservation of farmland quality in sugar beet producing areas. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Where specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0020] The features and performance of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments.

[0021] Example 1

[0022] This embodiment provides an integrated planting method for sugar beets suitable for spring drought areas, including: simultaneous seedling vigor regulation and stratified water retention; Seedling regulation includes: (1) Seed disinfection: Soak beet seeds in 75% ethanol for 1 min, rinse with running water, soak in 2‰ thiram for 12 h, rinse and air dry; (2) Compound soaking: Soak seeds at 25℃ for 10 h according to the ratio of soaking solution:seed = 5 mL:1 g, the soaking solution is a mixture of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 80 mg / L salicylic acid; (3) Growth control and germination: Germinate at 25℃ and 85% humidity until the bud length is 2-3 mm; (4) Thickening of buds: Spray 50 mL of bud-strengthening solution for every 100 g of seeds, the bud-strengthening solution is a mixture of 0.2% soluble sugar and 0.1% free proline; spray with fine mist, turning the seeds while spraying; after spraying, air dry at room temperature of 20-25℃ for 20 min, and sow immediately; (5) Seedling regulation: 7 days after emergence Apply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer. The raw materials for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer include N, phosphorus, and potassium in a mass ratio of 1:2:3. Apply 3.0 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) in furrows, avoiding contact with seedling roots; 14 days after emergence, allow the soil to harden off during drought until the soil moisture content is controlled at 55-60% of field capacity. Layered water retention includes: (1) Land preparation and trenching: 25cm deep, 10cm wide, 45cm row spacing, soil in the trench is broken up, particle size is less than or equal to 1 cm, and there are no large soil clods; (2) Three-layer structure laying: the upper layer 0-3cm: fine sand with a particle size of 0.2mm and straw powder with a particle size of 0.4mm with a mass ratio of 7:3, the amount is 120 kg / mu; the middle layer 3-15cm: water-retaining gel and decomposed organic fertilizer with a mass ratio of 1:9, the amount of water-retaining gel is 1.5 kg dry powder / mu, and the amount of decomposed organic fertilizer is 900 kg / mu; The preparation method of the decomposed organic fertilizer is as follows: the raw materials are beet straw, sheep manure and oyster mushroom residue mixed in a mass ratio of 4:3:3, crushed to a particle size of less than or equal to 3 mm, the moisture content is adjusted to 58%, and high-temperature aerobic fermentation is carried out for 25 days. During the fermentation process, the high temperature above 55℃ is maintained for no less than 7 days until the material decomposes to a C / N ratio of less than 18, with no odor and no insect eggs. The material is then crushed through an 8-mesh sieve to obtain the final product.

[0023] The preparation method of the water-retaining gel includes: mixing potassium polyacrylate water-retaining agent with water at a mass ratio of 1:500, stirring at room temperature for 60 min until completely swollen and transparent, and letting stand for 30 min to remove air bubbles, thus obtaining the water-retaining gel.

[0024] The lower 15-25cm layer uses coarse sand with a particle size of 0.8mm and biochar at a mass ratio of 8:2, with a dosage of 400 kg / mu. The preparation method of biochar includes: crushing beet stalks and corn stalks into 2cm pieces, carbonizing them at 500℃ with limited oxygen for 2 hours, cooling them, and then crushing them through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain the final product.

[0025] (3) Micro-area irrigation: After sowing, water the middle layer thoroughly once, without water accumulation or excessive seepage. The water consumption per mu is ≤12m³, maintaining the field water holding capacity of the root zone at 60-70%.

[0026] Example 2

[0027] This embodiment provides an integrated planting method for sugar beets suitable for spring drought areas, including: simultaneous seedling vigor control and stratified water retention; Seedling regulation includes: (1) Seed disinfection: Soak beet seeds in 75% ethanol for 1 min, rinse with running water, soak in 2‰ thiram for 12 h, rinse and air dry; (2) Compound soaking: Soak seeds at 25℃ for 10 h according to the ratio of soaking solution:seed = 5 mL:1 g, the soaking solution is a mixture of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 80 mg / L salicylic acid; (3) Growth control and germination: Germinate at 25℃ and 85% humidity until the sprout length is 2-3 mm; (4) Spraying 50 mL of germination strengthening solution for every 100 g of seeds, the germination strengthening solution is a mixture of 0.2% soluble sugar and 0.1% free proline; spray with fine mist, turning the seeds while spraying; after spraying, air dry at room temperature of 20-25℃ for 20 min, and sow immediately; (5) Seedling regulation: 7 days after emergence Apply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer. The raw materials for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer include N, phosphorus, and potassium in a mass ratio of 1:2:3. Apply 3.0 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) in furrows, avoiding contact with seedling roots; 14 days after emergence, allow the soil to harden off during drought until the soil moisture content is controlled at 55-60% of field capacity. Layered water retention includes: (1) Land preparation and trenching: 25cm deep, 10cm wide, 45cm row spacing, the soil in the trench is broken up, the particle size is less than or equal to 1 cm, and there are no large soil clods; (2) Three-layer structure laying: the upper layer 0-3cm: fine sand with a particle size of 0.15mm and straw powder with a particle size of 0.5mm with a mass ratio of 6:4, the amount is 120 kg / mu; the middle layer 3-15cm: water-retaining gel and decomposed organic fertilizer with a mass ratio of 1:8, the amount of water-retaining gel is 1.5 kg dry powder / mu, and the amount of decomposed organic fertilizer is 900 kg / mu; The preparation method of the decomposed organic fertilizer is as follows: the raw materials are beet straw, sheep manure and oyster mushroom residue mixed in a mass ratio of 4:3:3, crushed to a particle size of less than or equal to 3 mm, the moisture content is adjusted to 60%, and high-temperature aerobic fermentation is carried out for 25 days. During the fermentation process, the high temperature above 55℃ is maintained for no less than 7 days until the material decomposes to a C / N ratio of less than 18, with no odor and no insect eggs. The material is then crushed through an 8-mesh sieve to obtain the final product.

[0028] The preparation method of the water-retaining gel includes: mixing potassium polyacrylate water-retaining agent with water at a mass ratio of 1:500, stirring at room temperature for 60 min until completely swollen and transparent, and letting stand for 30 min to remove air bubbles, thus obtaining the water-retaining gel.

[0029] The lower layer (15-25cm) uses coarse sand with a particle size of 0.5mm and biochar at a mass ratio of 7:3, with a dosage of 400 kg / mu. The preparation method of biochar includes: crushing beet stalks and corn stalks into 1 cm pieces, carbonizing them at 520℃ with limited oxygen for 2 hours, cooling them, and then crushing them through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain the final product.

[0030] (3) Micro-area irrigation: After sowing, water the middle layer thoroughly once, without water accumulation or excessive seepage. The water consumption per mu is ≤12m³, maintaining the field water holding capacity of the root zone at 60-70%.

[0031] Example 3

[0032] This embodiment provides an integrated planting method for sugar beets suitable for spring drought areas, including: simultaneous seedling vigor control and stratified water retention; Seedling regulation includes: (1) Seed disinfection: Soak beet seeds in 75% ethanol for 1 min, rinse with running water, soak in 2‰ thiram for 12 h, rinse and air dry; (2) Compound soaking: Soak seeds at 25℃ for 10 h according to the ratio of soaking solution:seed = 5 mL:1 g, the soaking solution is a mixture of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 80 mg / L salicylic acid; (3) Growth control and germination: Germinate at 25℃ and 90% humidity until the sprout length is 2-3 mm; (4) Spraying 50 mL of germination strengthening solution for every 100 g of seeds, the germination strengthening solution is a mixture of 0.2% soluble sugar and 0.1% free proline; spray with fine mist, turning the seeds while spraying; after spraying, air dry at room temperature of 20-25℃ for 20 min, and sow immediately; (5) Seedling regulation: 7 days after emergence Apply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer. The raw materials for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer include N, phosphorus, and potassium in a mass ratio of 1:2:3. Apply 3.0 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) in furrows, avoiding contact with seedling roots; 14 days after emergence, allow the soil to harden off during drought until the soil moisture content is controlled at 55-60% of field capacity. Layered water retention includes: (1) Land preparation and trenching: 25cm deep, 10cm wide, 45cm row spacing, soil in the trench is broken up, particle size is less than or equal to 1 cm, and there are no large soil clods; (2) Three-layer structure laying: the upper layer 0-3cm: fine sand with a particle size of 0.3mm and straw powder with a particle size of 0.2mm with a mass ratio of 8:2, the amount is 120 kg / mu; the middle layer 3-15cm: water-retaining gel and decomposed organic fertilizer with a mass ratio of 1:10, the amount of water-retaining gel is 1.5 kg dry powder / mu, and the amount of decomposed organic fertilizer is 900 kg / mu; The preparation method of the decomposed organic fertilizer is as follows: the raw materials are beet straw, sheep manure and oyster mushroom residue mixed in a mass ratio of 4:3:3, crushed to a particle size of less than or equal to 3 mm, the moisture content is adjusted to 55%, and high-temperature aerobic fermentation is carried out for 25 days. During the fermentation process, the high temperature above 55℃ is maintained for no less than 7 days until the material decomposes to a C / N ratio of less than 18, with no odor and no insect eggs. The material is then crushed and passed through an 8-mesh sieve to obtain the final product.

[0033] The preparation method of the water-retaining gel includes: mixing potassium polyacrylate water-retaining agent with water at a mass ratio of 1:500, stirring at room temperature for 60 min until completely swollen and transparent, and letting stand for 30 min to remove air bubbles, thus obtaining the water-retaining gel.

[0034] The lower layer (15-25cm) uses coarse sand with a particle size of 1.0mm and biochar at a mass ratio of 9:1, with a dosage of 400 kg / mu. The preparation method of biochar includes: crushing beet stalks and corn stalks into 3 cm pieces, carbonizing them at 480℃ with limited oxygen for 2 hours, cooling them, and then crushing them through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain the final product.

[0035] (3) Micro-area irrigation: After sowing, water the middle layer thoroughly once, without water accumulation or excessive seepage. The water consumption per mu is ≤12m³, maintaining the field water holding capacity of the root zone at 60-70%.

[0036] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a method for planting sugar beets in spring-dry areas, including: (1) Seed treatment: Select beet seeds of the same variety as in Example 1, soak them in clean water at room temperature for 12 hours, without disinfection or adding any regulators or nutrients; (2) Germination: After soaking, take out the seeds and germinate them naturally at room temperature without controlling the length and humidity of the sprouts. Sow directly after the sprouts show white. (3) Land preparation and water retention: conventional mechanical land preparation without stratification. Apply potassium polyacrylate water-retaining agent powder evenly to the surface at 2.0 kg / mu and rotary tillage to mix it into the 0-25 cm soil layer. No root zone stratification structure is made. (4) Fertilizer management: Use conventional nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer ( =15:15:15), the dosage is 20 kg / mu, applied as a base application once before sowing; (5) Irrigation method: After sowing, flood irrigation is adopted, with a water consumption of 40 m³ per mu. During the spring drought, flood irrigation is continued according to the field conditions. (6) Seedling management: No seedling strengthening, no control of hypocotyl thickness, no control of root-to-shoot ratio, no drought hardening, and weeding and pest control are carried out in accordance with conventional field management methods.

[0037] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example provides an integrated planting method for sugar beets suitable for spring drought areas. The difference from Example 1 is that it does not use stratified water retention, but instead uses conventional mechanical land preparation without stratification. The potassium polyacrylate water-retaining agent powder is evenly spread on the surface at 2.0 kg / mu and rotary tilled into the 0-25 cm soil layer without root zone stratification.

[0038] Comparative Example 3 This comparative example provides an integrated planting method for sugar beets suitable for spring drought areas. The difference from Example 1 is that it does not use seedling regulation, but instead selects sugar beet seeds of the same variety as in Example 1, soaks them in clean water at room temperature for 12 hours, without disinfection or the addition of any regulators or nutrients; after soaking, the seeds are taken out and allowed to germinate naturally at room temperature without controlling the sprout length and humidity, and are directly sown after they show white sprouts.

[0039] Comparative Example 4 This comparative example provides an integrated planting method for sugar beets suitable for spring drought areas. The difference from Example 1 is that (2) compound soaking: the seeds are soaked at 25℃ for 8 hours according to the ratio of soaking solution:seed = 5 mL:1 g. The soaking solution is a mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with a mass fraction of 0.5% and salicylic acid with a concentration of 70 mg / L.

[0040] Comparative Example 5 This comparative example provides an integrated planting method for sugar beets suitable for spring drought areas. The difference from Example 1 is that the water retention is layered, (2) three-layer structure is laid: the upper layer 0-3cm: fine sand with a particle size of 0.2mm is used, and the amount is 120 kg / mu; the middle layer 3-15cm: well-rotted organic fertilizer is used, and the amount of water-retaining gel is 1.5 kg dry powder / mu; the lower layer 15-25cm: coarse sand with a particle size of 0.8mm with a mass ratio of 8:2 is used, and the amount is 400 kg / mu.

[0041] Comparative Example 6 This comparative example provides an integrated planting method for sugar beets suitable for spring drought areas. The difference from Example 1 is that the water retention is layered, (2) the three-layer structure is laid: the upper layer 0-3cm: fine sand with a particle size of 0.2mm and straw powder with a particle size of 0.4mm with a mass ratio of 5:5, the amount is 120 kg / mu; the middle layer 3-15cm: water-retaining gel and decomposed organic fertilizer with a mass ratio of 1:9, the amount of water-retaining gel is 1.5 kg dry powder / mu, and the amount of decomposed organic fertilizer is 900 kg / mu; the lower layer 15-25cm: coarse sand with a particle size of 0.8mm and biochar with a mass ratio of 8:2, the amount is 400 kg / mu.

[0042] Comparative Example 7 This comparative example provides an integrated planting method for sugar beets suitable for spring drought areas. The difference from Example 1 is that the water retention is layered, (2) the three-layer structure is laid: the upper layer 0-3cm: fine sand with a particle size of 0.2mm and straw powder with a particle size of 0.4mm with a mass ratio of 7:3, and the amount is 120 kg / mu; the middle layer 3-15cm: water-retaining gel and decomposed organic fertilizer with a mass ratio of 1:7, the amount of water-retaining gel is 1.5 kg dry powder / mu, and the amount of decomposed organic fertilizer is 900 kg / mu; the lower layer 15-25cm: coarse sand with a particle size of 0.8mm and biochar with a mass ratio of 8:2, and the amount is 400 kg / mu.

[0043] Comparative Example 8 This comparative example provides an integrated planting method for sugar beets suitable for spring drought areas. The difference from Example 1 is that the water retention is layered, (2) the three-layer structure is laid: the upper layer 0-3cm: fine sand with a particle size of 0.2mm and straw powder with a particle size of 0.4mm with a mass ratio of 7:3, and the amount is 120 kg / mu; the middle layer 3-15cm: water-retaining gel and decomposed organic fertilizer with a mass ratio of 1:9, the amount of water-retaining gel is 1.5 kg dry powder / mu, and the amount of decomposed organic fertilizer is 900 kg / mu; the lower layer 15-25cm: coarse sand with a particle size of 0.8mm and biochar with a mass ratio of 6:4, and the amount is 400 kg / mu.

[0044] Experiment Example 1: Drought Resistance Test Experimental site and ecological conditions: The experiment was conducted at a standardized sugar beet planting base in Ulanqab City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, located at 113°18′23″E, 41°54′36″N. The region has a mid-latitude semi-arid continental monsoon climate with an average annual precipitation of 320 mm and an average annual evaporation of 1800 mm. Spring precipitation is scarce, windy weather is frequent, and surface evaporation is intense, making it a typical sugar beet-growing region in my country with a high incidence of spring drought. During the experiment, the natural spring drought stress conditions were stable.

[0045] Basic fertility of the test soil: The test soil type was sandy loam, with a topsoil depth of 0-30cm; the soil organic matter content was 12.6g / kg, total nitrogen content was 0.72g / kg, available phosphorus content was 11.3mg / kg, available potassium content was 186mg / kg, soil pH was 8.1, soil field water holding capacity was 24.5%, soil bulk density was 1.32g / cm³, and the fertility level was moderate.

[0046] Experimental Materials and Design: The tested sugar beet varieties and germplasm materials were consistent. The experiment adopted a randomized block design with 3 biological replicates. Each plot was 12m² (4.0m long and 3.0m wide), with a 0.5m isolation strip between plots and a 1.0m protective row around the experimental plot. The planting row spacing was 45cm, the plant spacing was 20cm, the theoretical planting density was about 7400 plants / mu, and the sowing depth was 2.0cm. Except for the technical measures described in the example groups and comparative groups, the field management measures such as weeding, pest control, and cultivation were consistent for each treatment, and were carried out in accordance with the local standardized management of sugar beet fields.

[0047] Stress treatment method: Natural spring drought stress was applied during the experiment, without artificial watering intervention. Irrigation was carried out only according to the methods set for each treatment group. The drought stress lasted for 35 days throughout the seedling stage.

[0048] Detection indicators and methods: (1) Emergence rate: The germination rate (%) was calculated as follows: 15 days after sowing, the germination rate was calculated as: (Number of seedlings / Total number of seeds sown) × 100%; (2) Seedling survival rate: The seedling survival rate (%) was calculated as follows: (Number of surviving plants / Number of seedlings that emerged) × 100%; (3) Root-to-shoot ratio: Ten seedlings with uniform growth were randomly selected from each plot, and the above-ground parts and underground roots were separated. The seedlings were blanched at 105℃ for 15 minutes and dried at (75±2)℃ to constant weight. The root-to-shoot ratio was calculated after weighing the dry weight: root-to-shoot ratio = dry weight of roots / dry weight of above-ground parts. (4) Relative water content of leaves: determined according to GB / T 30386-2013; (5) Malondialdehyde content: determined according to the NY / T 3005-2016 thiobarbituric acid method; (6) Root yield: The yield per mu is calculated based on the actual harvest of the entire plot according to NY / T 3058-2016 during the harvest period; (7) Sugar content of tuber: determined by optical polarization according to GB / T 10498-2010.

[0049] Data processing: Experimental data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and are shown in Table 1. Table 1

[0050] As shown in Table 1, the indicators of Examples 1-3 are significantly optimal, with the highest germination rate, seedling survival rate, root-to-shoot ratio, relative leaf water content, yield, and sugar content, and the lowest malondialdehyde content. This indicates that the planting method provided in this example can achieve excellent drought resistance, strong seedlings, water retention, increased yield, and improved quality and efficiency.

[0051] Comparative Example 1, using conventional cultivation methods, clearly exhibited the worst drought resistance and production performance, indicating that traditional methods are insufficient to cope with spring drought stress. Comparative Examples 2 and 3, employing only strong seedlings or only water retention measures respectively, showed significantly lower effects than the combined technology of Example 1, demonstrating a significant synergistic effect between the strong seedling system and the root zone water retention system used in this application, resulting in obvious drought resistance, seedling protection, and yield increase. Comparative Example 4, with seed soaking conditions exceeding the scope of this invention, showed decreased stress resistance and increased malondialdehyde content, indicating that the compound seed soaking ratio and concentration are key to drought resistance. Comparative Example 5, using a single material without a layered structure, significantly weakened water retention, water conduction, and evaporation suppression functions, and significantly reduced the root-to-shoot ratio, proving that the three-layer structure and compound materials in this application have necessary synergy. In Comparative Examples 6-8, any layer material ratio exceeding the scope of this invention led to an imbalance in water retention, water conduction, and nutrient supply, resulting in a significant decrease in various indicators, indicating that the material ratios specified in this application are also crucial to crop performance.

[0052] In summary, the integrated planting method provided by this invention, through the simultaneous regulation of seedling growth and stratified water retention, precise formulation and quantitative parameters, can achieve thickening of the hypocotyl, optimization of the root-to-shoot ratio, and improvement of osmotic regulation capacity; at the same time, it can match the root distribution characteristics of sugar beets to construct a long-term stable water supply environment; and through the collaboration of endogenous drought resistance and exogenous water retention, it can simultaneously improve seedling survival rate, water use efficiency, yield and sugar content.

[0053] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated planting method for sugar beets suitable for spring drought areas, characterized in that: include: Simultaneous seedling regulation and stratified water retention; The seedling regulation includes: (1) Seed disinfection: Soak beet seeds in 75% ethanol for 1 min, rinse with running water, soak in 2‰ thiram for 12 h, rinse and air dry; (2) Compound soaking: Soak seeds at 25℃ for 10h according to the ratio of soaking solution:seed = 5 mL:1g. The soaking solution is a mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with a mass fraction of 0.3% and salicylic acid with a concentration of 80mg / L. (3) Controlled growth and germination: Germinate at 25℃ and 80-90% humidity until the buds are 2-3mm long; (4) Strengthening and thickening of buds: Spray 50 mL of bud strengthening solution for every 100g of seeds. The bud strengthening solution is a mixture of 0.2% soluble sugar and 0.1% free proline by mass. Spray with fine mist while turning the seeds over. After spraying, dry at room temperature (20-25℃) for 20 min and sow immediately. (5) Seedling stage management: 7 days after emergence, apply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer. The raw materials of the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer include N, P, P, and K in a mass ratio of 1:2:

3. Apply 3.0 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) in furrows, ensuring no contact with the seedling roots; allow the seedlings to harden off during drought 14 days after emergence. The layered water retention includes: (1) Land preparation and trenching: 25cm deep, 10cm wide, 45cm row spacing, the soil in the trench is broken up, the particle size is less than or equal to 1 cm, and there are no large soil clods; (2) Three-layer structure laying: The top 0-3cm layer consists of fine sand and straw powder, at a rate of 120 kg / mu. Middle layer 3-15cm: Water-retaining gel and well-rotted organic fertilizer are used, with the amount of water-retaining gel being 1.5 kg dry powder / acre and the amount of well-rotted organic fertilizer being 900 kg / acre; The lower 15-25cm layer: uses coarse sand and biochar, at a rate of 400 kg / mu; (3) Micro-area irrigation: After sowing, water the middle layer thoroughly once, without water accumulation or excessive seepage. The water consumption per mu is ≤12m³, maintaining the field water holding capacity of the root zone at 60-70%.

2. The integrated planting method for sugar beets in spring-dry areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the fine sand to the straw powder is 6-8:2-4.

3. The integrated planting method for sugar beets in spring-dry areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fine sand has a particle size of 0.15-0.3 mm, and the straw powder has a particle size of 0.2-0.5 mm.

4. The integrated planting method for sugar beets in spring-dry areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the water-retaining gel to the decomposed organic fertilizer is 1:8-10.

5. The integrated planting method for sugar beets in spring-dry areas according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preparation method of the decomposed organic fertilizer is as follows: the raw materials are beet straw, sheep manure and oyster mushroom residue mixed in a mass ratio of 4:3:3, crushed to a particle size of less than or equal to 3 mm, the moisture content is adjusted to 55-60%, and high-temperature aerobic fermentation is carried out for 25 days. During the fermentation process, the high temperature above 55℃ is maintained for no less than 7 days until the material decomposes to a C / N ratio of less than 18, with no odor and no insect eggs. The material is then crushed and passed through an 8-mesh sieve to obtain the final product.

6. The integrated planting method for sugar beets in spring-dry areas according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preparation method of the water-retaining gel includes: mixing potassium polyacrylate water-retaining agent with water at a mass ratio of 1:500, stirring at room temperature for 60 minutes until completely swollen and transparent, and letting stand for 30 minutes to remove air bubbles, thereby obtaining the water-retaining gel.

7. The integrated planting method for sugar beets in spring-dry areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the coarse sand to the biochar is 7-9:1-3.

8. The integrated planting method for sugar beets in spring-dry areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coarse sand has a particle size of 0.5-1.0 mm.

9. The integrated planting method for sugar beets in spring-dry areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the biochar includes: crushing beet stalks and corn stalks into 1-3 cm pieces, carbonizing them at 480-520℃ with limited oxygen for 2 h, cooling them, and then crushing them through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain the biochar.

10. The integrated planting method for sugar beets in spring-dry areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5) of the seedling regulation, the soil moisture content is controlled to 55-60% of the field capacity due to drought.

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