Pouring system for shell-shaped shell casting

Abstract

The utility model provides a pouring system of a shell-shaped shell casting, which comprises a cavity, a straight pouring gate is arranged below the cavity, and a first-layer transverse pouring gate, a second-layer transverse pouring gate and a third-layer transverse pouring gate are arranged outside the cavity; the first-layer transverse pouring gate and the second-layer transverse pouring gate are communicated through a first-layer vertical pouring gate, and the second-layer transverse pouring gate and the third-layer transverse pouring gate are communicated through a second-layer vertical pouring gate; an annular riser is arranged above the cavity, the third-layer transverse pouring gate is communicated with the annular riser through a third vertical pouring gate, and a fourth vertical pouring gate extending upwards along the cavity is further arranged on the third-layer transverse pouring gate; by arranging the multiple layers of transverse pouring gates and vertical pouring gates, it is guaranteed that molten metal can be fully fed while being stably filled, internal deslagging and exhausting are facilitated through cooperation of the annular riser, the defects of looseness, slag inclusion, pinholes, coarse grains and the like existing in an existing casting are effectively overcome through cooperation of chilling block chilling, and the stable casting quality during batch production is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of sand casting, in particular to a pouring system for a shell-shaped shell casting. Background Art

[0002] The shell-shaped shell has a conical front part and a cylindrical rear part. It is characterized by thin walls, external processing, unprocessed inner walls and more internal features. The wall thickness is required to be controlled within ±0.5mm. The material is generally aluminum silicon alloy. Castings are not allowed to have defects such as shrinkage, looseness, sand holes, slag inclusions, cracks, pinholes, etc. The radiographic and penetrant flaw detection levels are 1~2, and the pinhole level is 2.

[0003] In the prior art, the typical product size of this type of casting is φ260mm at the large end, φ150mm at the small end, φ700mm high, and a slender structure. Due to strict requirements, the qualified rate of this type of casting products has always been low, mainly manifested in defects such as looseness, slag inclusions, and pinholes. Because the product wall is thin, shrinkage compensation is difficult, and there are many internal features and many isolated hot spots. If there are too few ingates, shrinkage cannot be compensated. If there are too many ingates, pinholes are likely to occur. At the same time, the position of the chiller is not accurate, which will not play the proper chilling role and easily cause shrinkage and other problems. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is that the existing shell-shaped shell castings have many casting defects such as shrinkage holes, looseness, sand holes, slag inclusions, cracks, pinholes, etc., and the qualified rate is low. The utility model provides a pouring system for shell-shaped shell castings to solve the above problems.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the utility model to solve its technical problems is: a casting system for a shell-shaped shell casting, including a cavity, a straight runner is arranged below the cavity, and a first layer of horizontal runner, a second layer of horizontal runner and a third layer of horizontal runner are arranged in sequence from bottom to top on the outer circumference of the cavity; the first layer of horizontal runner and the second layer of horizontal runner are connected through a first layer of vertical runner, and the second layer of horizontal runner and the third layer of horizontal runner are connected through a second layer of vertical runner; an annular riser is arranged above the cavity, the third layer of horizontal runner and the annular riser are connected through a third vertical runner, and a fourth vertical runner extending upward along the cavity is also arranged on the third layer of horizontal runner; the fourth vertical runner is connected to the cavity through a slit-type ingate and a cylindrical ingate, and the second layer of vertical runner is connected to the cavity through a slit-type ingate.

[0006] Furthermore: the first layer of horizontal runner is cross-shaped, and the total cross-sectional area of ​​the four runners of the first layer of horizontal runner is greater than 1.2×the cross-sectional area of ​​the straight runner; the number of the first layer of vertical runners is four, which respectively correspond to each runner setting of the first layer of horizontal runners, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the first layer of vertical runners is equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the first layer of horizontal runners. The first layer of horizontal runners extends radially outward at the outer periphery of the first layer of vertical runners, and the length of the first layer of horizontal runners extending out of the first layer of vertical runners is equal to the width of the first layer of horizontal runners.

[0007] Furthermore: the second layer of horizontal runner is annular, and its cross-sectional area is the same as that of the first layer of horizontal runner. The number of the second layer of vertical runners is four and their positions are staggered from those of the first layer of vertical runners. The cross-section of the second layer of vertical runners is circular. The diameter of the second layer of vertical runners D = (4-6) × δ. The width of the slit-type ingates at the place where the second layer of vertical runners communicate with the cavity is K = (4-6) × δ. The width of the slit-type ingates at this place is L = 0.5D + (1-1.5) × K, and δ is the wall thickness of the cavity.

[0008] Furthermore: the third layer of cross runner is annular, and its cross-sectional area is the same as that of the second layer of cross runner. The number of the third vertical runner and the number of the fourth vertical runner are four respectively, and seven shrinkage feed risers are arranged on the annular riser.

[0009] Furthermore: a chiller is provided between the second layer of runner and the third layer of runner and outside the cavity.

[0010] The beneficial effect of the utility model is that the pouring system of the shell-shaped shell casting of the utility model ensures that the molten metal can fill the mold smoothly and fully compensate for shrinkage by arranging multiple layers of horizontal runners and vertical runners along the slender shell, and cooperates with the annular riser to facilitate internal slag discharge and exhaust. It cooperates with cold iron quenching to effectively solve the defects of looseness, slag inclusions, pinholes and coarse grains in existing castings, thereby ensuring stable casting quality during mass production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] The utility model is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0012] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the utility model;

[0013] Figure 2 It is a top view of the cross section of the first layer runner;

[0014] Figure 3 It is a top view of the cross section of the second layer runner;

[0015] Figure 4 It is a top view of the cross section of the annular riser;

[0016] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cold iron arrangement.

[0017] In the figure, 1, cavity, 2, straight runner, 3, first layer horizontal runner, 4, second layer horizontal runner, 5, third layer horizontal runner, 6, first layer vertical runner, 7, second layer vertical runner, 8, third vertical runner, 9, fourth vertical runner, 10, gap type ingates, 11, cylindrical ingates, 12, annular risers, 13, shrinkage feeding risers, 14, chillers, 15, middle sand core, 16, feeding sand blocks. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. On the contrary, the embodiments of the present invention include all changes, modifications and equivalents that fall within the spirit and connotation of the appended claims.

[0019] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0020] In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood according to specific circumstances. In addition, in the description of the present utility model, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0021] Any process or method description in the flowchart or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent a module, fragment or portion of code that includes one or more executable instructions for implementing the steps of a specific logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present invention includes alternative implementations in which functions may not be performed in the order shown or discussed, including performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in the reverse order depending on the functions involved, which should be understood by technicians in the technical field to which the embodiments of the present invention belong.

[0022] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the utility model provides a casting system for a shell-shaped shell casting, including a cavity 1, a straight runner 2 is arranged below the cavity 1, and a first-layer horizontal runner 3, a second-layer horizontal runner 4 and a third-layer horizontal runner 5 are arranged on the outer circumference of the cavity 1 from bottom to top; the first-layer horizontal runner 3 and the second-layer horizontal runner 4 are connected through a first-layer vertical runner 6, and the second-layer horizontal runner 4 and the third-layer horizontal runner 5 are connected through a second-layer vertical runner 7; an annular riser 12 is arranged above the cavity 1, and the third-layer horizontal runner 5 and the annular riser 12 are connected through a third vertical runner 8, and a fourth vertical runner 9 extending upward along the cavity 1 is also arranged on the third-layer horizontal runner 5; the fourth vertical runner 9 is connected to the cavity 1 through a slit-type ingate 10 and a cylindrical ingate 11, and the second-layer vertical runner 7 is connected to the cavity 1 through the slit-type ingate 10.

[0023] The pouring system of this casting is for a shell-shaped shell, and the size of the shell cavity 1 is φ270mm at the large end, φ160mm at the small end, and 700mm in height, which is a slender shell structure. The molten metal flows into the first-layer horizontal runner 3 through the straight runner 2, and then flows into the second-layer horizontal runner 4 from the first-layer vertical runner 6 on the first-layer horizontal runner 3, and then flows into the third-layer horizontal runner 5 from the second-layer vertical runner 7. At the same time, part of the molten metal flows into the cavity 1 through the gap-type inner gate 10. When the molten metal level rises to the height of the third-layer horizontal runner 5, part of the molten metal flows into the third-layer horizontal runner 5. Above the third-layer horizontal runner 5, the molten metal level rises steadily, and the molten metal in the cavity 1 is supplemented by the molten metal in the bottom cavity 1, and the molten metal in the pouring system is supplemented by the molten metal in the second-layer horizontal runner 4. When the molten metal fills the cavity 1, part of the molten metal in the cavity 1 enters the annular riser 12 through the third vertical runner 8 and the top of the cavity 1. The third vertical runner 8 and the fourth vertical runner 9 as well as the slit type ingates 10 and the cylindrical ingates 11 mainly function to compensate for shrinkage, and the annular riser 12 mainly functions to exhaust, discharge slag and compensate for shrinkage.

[0024] The first layer of horizontal runner 3 is cross-shaped, and the total cross-sectional area of ​​the four runners of the first layer of horizontal runner 3 is greater than 1.2×the cross-sectional area of ​​the straight runner 2; the number of the first layer of vertical runners 6 is four, which are respectively arranged corresponding to each runner of the first layer of horizontal runner 3, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the first layer of vertical runner 6 is equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the first layer of horizontal runner 3. The first layer of horizontal runner 3 extends radially outward at the periphery of the first layer of vertical runner 6, and the length of the first layer of horizontal runner 3 extending out of the first layer of vertical runner 6 is equal to the width of the first layer of horizontal runner 3. The first layer of horizontal runner 3 extending outward can effectively buffer the molten metal and retain the oxidized slag, thereby improving the molding quality inside the cavity 1.

[0025] The second layer of horizontal runner 4 is annular, and its cross-sectional area is the same as that of the first layer of horizontal runner 3. The number of the second layer of vertical runners 7 is four and their positions are staggered with those of the first layer of vertical runners 6. The cross-section of the second layer of vertical runners 7 is circular, and the diameter D of the second layer of vertical runners 7 is (4-6) × δ. The width K of the slit-type ingates 10 at the place where the second layer of vertical runners 7 is connected to the cavity 1 is (4-6) × δ. The width L of the slit-type ingates 10 at this place is 0.5D + (1-1.5) × K, and δ is the wall thickness of the cavity 1.

[0026] The third layer runner 5 is annular, and its cross-sectional area is the same as that of the second layer runner 4 . The number of the third vertical runner 8 and the number of the fourth vertical runner 9 are four respectively. Seven shrinkage feed risers 13 are arranged on the annular riser 12 .

[0027] The dimensions of the runner, vertical runner and inner gate are mainly to adapt to the specific dimensions of the shell-shaped shell, and the relationship between the cross-sectional areas can ensure that the molten metal can flow stably and smoothly inside the runner and the cavity 1. The purpose of the third vertical runner 8 and the fourth vertical runner 9 is to allow the shrinkage of the molten metal to be as thorough as possible. The third vertical runner 8 is connected to the annular riser 12, and the purpose of the fourth vertical runner 9 not being connected to the annular riser 12 is to allow part of the molten metal with a higher temperature to flow into the annular riser 12.

[0028] The positions of the seven shrinkage-feeding risers 13 designed in the annular riser 12 are staggered with the positions of the internal gates on the third-layer cross runner 5. Its main function is to discharge the oxide slag formed during the filling process out of the cavity 1. It is also beneficial to the exhaust of the cavity 1. At the same time, it has a certain shrinkage-feeding effect, which can minimize the defects of pores, slag inclusions and looseness in the product.

[0029] Between the second layer of runner 4 and the third layer of runner 5, a chill 14 is arranged outside the cavity 1. A total of 48 chills 14 are arranged on the sand mold in the middle of the cavity 1, which can effectively chill and facilitate the adjustment of the cooling speed of the molten metal inside the cavity 1. Since the shell casting is in the shape of a cannonball, the middle sand mold is too slender. If the mold is designed and then sandblasting is performed, the position of the chill 14 is difficult to fix. Although a strong magnet can be installed on the mold to fix the position of the chill 14, the position of the chill 14 may move during the compaction of the sand mold. If the position of the chill 14 moves, it is difficult to achieve the desired chilling effect, which may cause loose defects. To solve the above problems, the middle sand core 15 can be changed to 3D printing, and a position for placing the chill 14 is reserved during 3D printing, and the chill 14 is placed in the reserved position before the molding box is closed. For some sand-separating chillers 14, a sand filling block 16 is designed. The chiller 14 is first placed in the middle sand core 15, and then the sand filling block 16 is placed in the corresponding position. This design allows the chiller 14 to be accurately aligned, effectively solving defects such as looseness, slag inclusions and pinholes in the finished casting, and the casting quality is more stable during mass production.

[0030] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the utility model. In this specification, the schematic representation of the terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0031] Based on the above ideal embodiments of the utility model, the relevant staff can make various changes and modifications without deviating from the technical concept of the utility model through the above description. The technical scope of the utility model is not limited to the content of the specification, and its technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A pouring system for a shell-shaped casting, comprising a mold cavity (1), a sprue (2) being arranged below the mold cavity (1), characterized in that: The outer periphery of the cavity (1) is provided with a first layer of horizontal runner (3), a second layer of horizontal runner (4) and a third layer of horizontal runner (5) in sequence from bottom to top; the first layer of horizontal runner (3) and the second layer of horizontal runner (4) are connected via a first layer of vertical runner (6), and the second layer of horizontal runner (4) and the third layer of horizontal runner (5) are connected via a second layer of vertical runner (7); an annular riser (12) is provided above the cavity (1), the third layer of horizontal runner (5) and the annular riser (12) are connected via a third vertical runner (8), and a fourth vertical runner (9) extending upward along the cavity (1) is also provided on the third layer of horizontal runner (5); the fourth vertical runner (9) is connected to the cavity (1) via a slit-type ingate (10) and a cylindrical ingate (11), and the second layer of vertical runner (7) is connected to the cavity (1) via a slit-type ingate (10).

2. A pouring system for a shell-shaped casing casting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first-layer horizontal runner (3) is cross-shaped, and the total cross-sectional area of ​​the four runners of the first-layer horizontal runner (3) is greater than 1.2× the cross-sectional area of ​​the straight runner (2); the number of the first-layer vertical runners (6) is four, which are respectively arranged corresponding to each runner of the first-layer horizontal runner (3), and the cross-sectional area of ​​the first-layer vertical runner (6) is equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the first-layer horizontal runner (3). The first-layer horizontal runner (3) extends radially outward at the outer periphery of the first-layer vertical runner (6), and the length of the first-layer horizontal runner (3) extending from the first-layer vertical runner (6) is equal to the width of the first-layer horizontal runner (3).

3. A pouring system for a shell-shaped casing casting according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second layer of horizontal runner (4) is annular, and its cross-sectional area is the same as the cross-sectional area of ​​the first layer of horizontal runner (3). The number of the second layer of vertical runners (7) is four and their positions are staggered from the positions of the first layer of vertical runners (6). The cross-section of the second layer of vertical runners (7) is circular. The diameter D of the second layer of vertical runners (7) is (4-6) × δ. The width K of the slit-type ingates (10) at the point where the second layer of vertical runners (7) are connected to the cavity (1) is (4-6) × δ. The width L of the slit-type ingates (10) at this point is 0.5D + (1-1.5) × K, and δ is the wall thickness of the cavity (1).

4. A pouring system for a shell-shaped casing casting as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The third layer of the horizontal runner (5) is annular, and its cross-sectional area is the same as the cross-sectional area of ​​the second layer of the horizontal runner (4). The number of the third vertical runner (8) and the number of the fourth vertical runner (9) are four respectively, and seven shrinkage feed risers (13) are arranged on the annular riser (12).

5. A pouring system for a shell-shaped casing casting according to claim 4, characterized in that: A chiller (14) is provided between the second layer of runner (4) and the third layer of runner (5) and outside the cavity (1).

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