Bionic negative oxygen ion generating device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a bionic negative oxygen ion generating device which comprises a mounting shell, a negative oxygen ion generator, a negative oxygen ion generator, a negative oxygen ion generator, a negative oxygen ion generator, a negative oxygen ion generator and a negative oxygen ion generator, and is characterized in that a fresh air inlet is formed in one side of the lower part of the mounting shell; a fresh air primary filter; a heat exchange core; a high efficiency filter; a fresh air fan; an exhaust primary filter; an exhaust motor; a negative ion generator module; a sensor module; a PTC heater; and a controller. The negative ion air purifier can release high-purity negative ions from the air purification level, actively purify air, settle pollutants such as dust and smoke, remove peculiar smell, sterilize and disinfect, effectively improve air quality, generate negative ions close to the nature in the health aspect, promote metabolism of a human body, enhance immunity, improve the functions of a respiratory system and a nervous system, and improve the health of the human body. The symptoms of respiratory diseases and mental stress are relieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of air purification technology, specifically a biomimetic negative oxygen ion generating device. Background Technology

[0002] Natural phenomena such as lightning, photoelectric effect, fountains, and waterfalls can ionize the surrounding air, forming negative ions, also known as negative oxygen ions. Negative ions have many benefits. They can reduce the harmful effects of atmospheric pollutants, nitrogen oxides, and reactive oxygen species (oxygen free radicals) produced by cigarette smoke, and neutralize positively charged airborne dust particles, causing them to settle and thus purifying the air.

[0003] Negative ion air purifiers are environmental optimization appliances that use the negative ions they generate to purify, remove dust, deodorize, and sterilize the air. Unlike traditional air purifiers, they actively capture harmful substances in the air using negative ions as the active agent. Traditional air purifiers use fans to draw air in and filters to remove dust, which is a passive adsorption filtration principle and requires regular filter replacement.

[0004] Traditional negative ion air purifiers consist of a high-voltage power supply and a pointed emitting unit. However, the pointed emitting unit in existing generators is typically directly connected to the high-voltage power supply, forming a corona discharge structure. This structure generates a large number of positive ions and ozone ions, which are harmful to the environment and human health. Furthermore, it cannot effectively reduce positive ions, positively charged particulate matter polluting the atmosphere, reactive oxygen species generated in the atmosphere, or static electricity from the human body. Although improvements have been made by placing the negative ion generator at the rear of the air purifier to ionize clean air and suppress the generation of positive ions and ozone, the levels still fall far short of those found in nature. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a device that can produce negative ions that closely resemble those found in nature. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a biomimetic negative oxygen ion generating device, which solves the problem that existing biomimetic negative oxygen ion generating devices produce a large number of positive ions and ozone ions, causing harm to the environment and people. Furthermore, these devices cannot effectively reduce positive ions, positively charged particulate particles that pollute the atmosphere, reactive oxygen species generated in the atmosphere, and static electricity in the human body. Although there are improvements such as placing the negative ion generator at the back end of the air purifier to ionize clean air and suppress the generation of positive ions and ozone, the results are still far from those of negative ions in nature.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the utility model adopts the main technical scheme includes: a kind of bionic negative oxygen ion generating device, comprising: installation shell, its lower part one side is equipped with fresh air inlet, top is equipped with fresh air outlet, bottom is equipped with exhaust inlet, lower part one side is equipped with exhaust outlet;Fresh air primary filter, it is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the installation shell, and located at the inside of the fresh air inlet;Heat exchange core, it is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the installation shell, and located at the air outlet side of the fresh air primary filter;Fresh air fan, it is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the installation shell, and located on the fresh air path between the high efficiency filter and the fresh air outlet;Exhaust primary filter, it is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the installation shell, and located at the heat exchange core import at the inside of the exhaust inlet;Exhaust motor, it is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the installation shell, and located at the exhaust outlet side of the heat exchange core;Negative ion generator module, it is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the installation shell, and located at the fresh air outlet;Sensor module, it is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the installation shell, and is respectively arranged at the fresh air inlet, the fresh air outlet, the exhaust inlet, the exhaust outlet and the heat exchange core;PTC heater, it is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the installation shell, and located on the fresh air path after the fresh air fan, before the fresh air outlet;Controller, it is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the installation shell, and the controller is electrically connected with the PTC heater, the fresh air fan, the negative ion generator module, the sensor module and the exhaust motor respectively.

[0007] As a preferred technical scheme, the fresh air fan is a volute-shaped DC motor, which is fixedly connected with the installation shell by screws and damping pads.

[0008] As a preferred technical scheme, the sensor module includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a particulate matter sensor, an air quality sensor, and an air speed sensor.

[0009] The temperature sensor is arranged at the fresh air inlet, the fresh air outlet, the exhaust inlet, the exhaust outlet, and the heat exchange core.

[0010] The humidity sensor is arranged at the heat exchange core.

[0011] The particulate matter sensor is arranged at the fresh air inlet, the fresh air outlet, the exhaust inlet, and the exhaust outlet.

[0012] The air quality sensor is arranged at the fresh air inlet and the fresh air outlet.

[0013] The wind speed sensor is arranged in a fresh air duct between the fresh air fan and the fresh air outlet and in an exhaust air duct between an exhaust air fan and the exhaust air outlet.

[0014] As a preferred technical scheme, the mounting shell is fixedly installed with a display screen on an outer wall thereof, and the display screen is electrically connected with the controller.

[0015] As a preferred technical scheme, the PTC heater adopts a ceramic PTC thermistor element, and the surface is covered with an alumina insulating and heat-conducting coating.

[0016] As a preferred technical scheme, the negative ion generator module comprises a metal tip emitting unit and a negative ion conversion module, the metal tip emitting unit adopts a needle tip electrode structure, and the tip curvature radius is less than or equal to 0.1 mm.

[0017] The bionic negative oxygen ion generating device has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The bionic negative oxygen ion generating device provided by the utility model can effectively filter particles, adjust temperature and humidity, release high-purity negative ions, actively purify air, settle dust, smoke and other pollutants, remove peculiar smell, sterilize and disinfect, and effectively improve air quality from the aspect of purifying air.

[0019] In terms of health, the generated negative ions close to nature can promote human metabolism, enhance immunity, improve respiratory system and nervous system functions, relieve respiratory disease symptoms, reduce mental stress, improve sleep quality, and the device is intelligent, the sensor module and the controller cooperate to automatically control each component, is energy-saving and efficient, meanwhile, the PTC heater and other components are environmentally friendly and energy-saving, and a comfortable, healthy, low-noise and environmentally friendly indoor environment is created to meet people's demand for high-quality air. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] The drawings described herein are used to provide further understanding of the present application, and form a part of the present application, the schematic embodiments of the present application and the description thereof are used to explain the present application, and do not constitute improper limitation on the present application.

[0021] Fig. 1 It is a whole appearance schematic view of the bionic negative oxygen ion generating device of the utility model;

[0022] Fig. 2 It is a side sectional view of the bionic negative oxygen ion generating device of the utility model;

[0023] Fig. 3 It is a front sectional view of the bionic negative oxygen ion generating device of the utility model.

[0024] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] 1. PTC heater; 2. Fresh air fan; 3. High efficiency filter; 4. Display screen; 5. Controller; 6. Fresh air primary filter; 7. Heat exchange core; 8. Exhaust air primary filter; 9. Exhaust air inlet; 10. Fresh air inlet; 11. Exhaust air outlet; 12. Negative ion generator module; 13. Fresh air outlet; 14. Sensor module; 15. Exhaust air motor; 16. Mounting shell. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to the drawings and examples, so that the implementation process of how the present application applies technical means to solve technical problems and achieve technical effects can be fully understood and implemented.

[0027] EMBODIMENT

[0028] Please refer to Figs. 1 to 3As shown, the embodiment provides a kind of biomimetic negative oxygen ion generating device, including: installation shell 16, the lower part one side is equipped with fresh air inlet 10, top is equipped with fresh air outlet 13, bottom is equipped with exhaust inlet 9, lower part one side is equipped with exhaust outlet 11;Fresh air primary filter 6 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of installation shell 16, and located at the inboard of fresh air inlet 10;Heat exchange core 7 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of installation shell 16, and located at the air outlet side of fresh air primary filter 6;High efficiency filter 3 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of installation shell 16, and located at the air outlet side of heat exchange core 7;Fresh air fan 2 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of installation shell 16, and located on the fresh air path between high efficiency filter 3 and fresh air outlet 13;Exhaust primary filter 8 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of installation shell 16, and located at the inboard of exhaust inlet 9, the inlet of heat exchange core 7;Exhaust motor 15 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of installation shell 16, and located at the exhaust outlet side of heat exchange core 7;Negative ion generator module 12 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of installation shell 16, and located at fresh air outlet 13;Sensor module 14 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of installation shell 16, and is respectively arranged at fresh air inlet 10, fresh air outlet 13, exhaust inlet 9, exhaust outlet 11 and heat exchange core 7;PTC heater 1 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of installation shell 16, and located on the fresh air path after fresh air fan 2, before fresh air outlet 13;Controller 5 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of installation shell 16, controller 5 is electrically connected with PTC heater 1, fresh air fan 2, negative ion generator module 12, sensor module 14 and exhaust motor 15, a complete and systematic biomimetic negative oxygen ion generating device architecture is constructed by the above scheme, the position and connection relationship of each key component in installation shell 16 are defined, so that the device has a series of complete air handling functions from fresh air introduction, filtration, temperature and humidity regulation, negative ion generation to exhaust, etc., provides clean, rich in negative oxygen ion air for indoor, each component cooperates, meets the needs of users for improving indoor air quality and creating natural air environment.

[0029] Wherein, fresh air fan 2 is volute-shaped direct current motor, is fixedly connected with installation shell 16 by screw and damping pad, by using volute-shaped direct current motor for fresh air fan 2, volute-shaped structure helps to optimize airflow path, improve the outflow efficiency and stability of fan, compared with ordinary fan structure, can more effectively transport the fresh air after multistage filtration to fresh air outlet 13, simultaneously, fixedly connected with installation shell 16 by screw and damping pad, screw connection guarantees the firmness of installation, damping pad can reduce the vibration and noise generated when motor operates to installation shell 16, to reduce the noise level when the whole device operates, improve user experience.

[0030] The sensor module 14 includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a particulate matter sensor, an air quality sensor, and a wind speed sensor; the temperature sensor is arranged at the fresh air inlet 10, the fresh air outlet 13, the exhaust air inlet 9, the exhaust air outlet 11, and the heat exchange core 7; the humidity sensor is arranged at the heat exchange core 7; the particulate matter sensor is arranged at the fresh air inlet 10, the fresh air outlet 13, the exhaust air inlet 9, and the exhaust air outlet 11; the air quality sensor is arranged at the fresh air inlet 10 and the fresh air outlet 13; and the wind speed sensor is arranged in the fresh air duct between the fresh air fan 2 and the fresh air outlet 13 and in the exhaust air duct between the exhaust air fan 15 and the exhaust air outlet 11. The sensor module 14 arranged at each point effectively enhances the monitoring capability of the device on the environmental parameters. The temperature sensor distributed at multiple key positions can comprehensively monitor the temperature at the fresh air, the exhaust air, and the heat exchange core 7, providing accurate data for the controller 5 to adjust the heating power of the PTC heater 1, ensuring that the output fresh air temperature is appropriate. The humidity sensor arranged at the heat exchange core 7 can accurately monitor the indoor and outdoor air humidity exchange, assisting the controller 5 in adjusting the heat exchange process and maintaining the indoor humidity balance. The particulate matter sensor monitors the particulate matter concentration at each air outlet, allowing the user to understand the air cleanliness and providing a basis for controlling the working strength of the fresh air filtering system. The air quality sensor detects the harmful gas concentration at the fresh air inlet 10 and outlet, ensuring the quality of the output air. The wind speed sensor monitors the wind speed in the fresh air and exhaust air ducts, which helps the controller 5 adjust the fan speed to achieve precise control of the air volume, enabling efficient operation of the device.

[0031] The outer wall of the mounting shell 16 is fixedly installed with a display screen 4, and the display screen 4 is electrically connected with the controller 5. By fixedly installing the display screen 4 on the outer wall of the mounting shell 16 and electrically connecting it with the controller 5, a window is provided for the user to intuitively understand the running state of the device and the environmental parameters. The user can view information such as temperature, humidity, air quality, and negative ion concentration in real time through the display screen 4 without the need for additional equipment, making it convenient for the user to timely grasp the indoor air conditions.

[0032] The PTC heater 1 adopts a ceramic PTC thermistor element, and the surface is covered with an alumina insulating and heat-conducting coating. The PTC heater 1 adopts a ceramic PTC thermistor element, which has good positive temperature coefficient characteristics, i.e., as the temperature rises, the resistance increases, and the heating power is automatically adjusted to avoid excessive temperature and ensure safety. The surface is covered with an alumina insulating and heat-conducting coating, which not only ensures the electrical insulation performance of the heater to prevent the risk of electric shock, but also effectively conducts heat to the passing fresh air, improves heating efficiency, quickly raises the temperature of the fresh air, and ensures that warm and comfortable fresh air can be provided indoors even in cold weather.

[0033] The negative ion generator module 12 comprises a metal tip emitting unit and a negative ion conversion module. The metal tip emitting unit adopts a needle tip electrode structure with a tip curvature radius of less than or equal to 0.1 mm. The metal tip emitting unit of the negative ion generator module 12 adopts the needle tip electrode structure with the tip curvature radius of less than or equal to 0.1 mm. Such a design can enhance the electric field intensity, promote air ionization, efficiently generate negative ions, and effectively inhibit and convert the positive ions and ozone ions generated in the corona discharge process, which are harmful to the environment and human bodies. In addition, the design can improve the generation purity of negative ions, make the generated negative ions closer to the natural negative ion state, reduce the potential harm to the environment and human bodies, and improve the health quality of indoor air.

[0034] It should be noted that the PTC heater 1 can be selected as a Hongyan FZHZ20-B01 type PTC heater; the fresh air fan 2 can be selected as a Haier HGD-6BJ / AU1; the high-efficiency filter 3 can be selected as a GKHP610*610*35 type; the controller 5 can be selected as a single-chip microcomputer controller with multi-channel data acquisition and processing functions, such as an STC89C52RC; the fresh air primary filter 6 can be selected as a filter with ordinary primary non-woven fabric material; the heat exchange core 7 is a plate-type heat exchange core with hydrophilic aluminum foil as the heat exchange material; the exhaust air primary filter 8 and the fresh air primary filter 6 are both selected as filters with ordinary primary non-woven fabric material; the negative ion generator module 12 is a Chuangpu TRUMPXP cross-border negative ion generator module; the temperature sensor can be selected as a DHT11; the humidity sensor can be selected as a HIH-4000; the particulate matter sensor is selected as a Sharp GP2Y1010AU0F; the air quality sensor can be selected as an MQ-135; and the air speed sensor is selected as an AWM3300V.

[0035] Working principle:

[0036] Fresh air introduction and preliminary filtration: outdoor air enters the device from the fresh air inlet 10 on one side of the lower part of the installation shell 16. The fresh air primary filter 6 fixedly installed on the inner side of the inlet starts to work. It can intercept larger particulate pollutants in the air, such as dust, hair, insects, etc., and preliminarily purify the air to reduce the burden on the subsequent filtration link.

[0037] Temperature and humidity regulation: the preliminarily filtered fresh air enters the heat exchange core 7. The heat exchange core 7 realizes heat and latent heat exchange through air cross flow with indoor exhaust air that enters from the exhaust air inlet 9 at the bottom and is preliminarily filtered by the exhaust air primary filter 8, thereby regulating the temperature and humidity of the fresh air and creating a comfortable indoor environment for users. In this process, the humidity sensor arranged at the heat exchange core 7 monitors the indoor and outdoor air humidity exchange in real time and feeds back the data to the controller 5 to assist it in accurately regulating the heat exchange process.

[0038] Deep filtration: the new air that has completed the temperature and humidity adjustment continues to move to the high-efficiency filter 3 fixedly installed on the inner wall of the installation shell 16 at the outlet side of the heat exchange core 7, and the high-efficiency filter 3 performs deep filtration on the new air, which can effectively remove small particulate matter, such as particles with a particle size of 0.3 μm, and the filtration efficiency can reach more than 99.97%, ensuring that the air entering the subsequent link is highly clean;

[0039] New air delivery and heating: the clean new air filtered by multiple stages reaches the new air fan 2, and the new air fan 2 pressurizes and sends the new air to the new air outlet 13. If the PTC heater 1 located after the new air fan 2 and before the new air outlet 13 detects that the temperature of the new air is too low, it will automatically start, and the surface covered with an alumina insulating and heat-conducting coating will efficiently conduct heat to the new air to increase the temperature of the new air, ensuring that the new air can provide warmth for the indoor environment even in cold weather. At the same time, the temperature sensors arranged at the new air inlet 10, the new air outlet 13, the exhaust air inlet 9, the exhaust air outlet 11, and the heat exchange core 7 monitor the temperature at each location in real time, providing accurate data for the controller 5 to adjust the heating power of the PTC heater 1;

[0040] Negative ion generation: when the new air reaches the new air outlet 13, the negative ion generator module 12 fixedly installed on the inner wall of the installation shell 16 starts to work. The metal tip emission unit in the negative ion generator module 12 adopts a needle-shaped electrode structure with a tip curvature radius ≤0.1 mm, which can effectively enhance the electric field strength and promote air ionization, efficiently generating negative ions. At the same time, the negative ion conversion module effectively suppresses and converts the positive ions and ozone ions generated in the corona discharge process, which are harmful to the environment and human body, improves the generation purity of negative ions, and makes the generated negative ions closer to the natural state of negative ions.

[0041] Exhaust process: indoor air enters from the exhaust air inlet 9 at the bottom of the installation shell 16, first passes through the exhaust primary filter 8 fixedly installed on the inner wall of the installation shell 16 at the inside of the exhaust air inlet 9 and the inlet of the heat exchange core 7, which intercepts larger particulate pollutants in the indoor air to protect the heat exchange core 7. Then, the indoor exhaust air enters the heat exchange core 7 to exchange temperature and humidity with the new air, and finally, it is discharged to the outside by the exhaust air outlet 11 through the exhaust air outlet 11 fixedly installed on the inner wall of the installation shell 16 at the exhaust air outlet side of the heat exchange core 7. The wind speed sensors arranged in the new air duct between the new air fan 2 and the new air outlet 13 and in the exhaust air duct between the exhaust air fan 15 and the exhaust air outlet 11 monitor the wind speed in the new air and exhaust air ducts in real time and feed back to the controller 5, which helps to adjust the fan speed and achieve precise control of the air volume.

[0042] Data monitoring and intelligent control: the sensor module 14 plays a comprehensive role, among which the particulate matter sensor is arranged at the fresh air inlet 10, the fresh air outlet 13, the exhaust air inlet 9 and the exhaust air outlet 11, and the particulate matter concentration at each air port is monitored in real time, so that the user can understand the air cleanliness, and provide a basis for controlling the working strength of the fresh air filtration system; the air quality sensor is arranged at the fresh air inlet 10 and the fresh air outlet 13, and detects the harmful gas concentration at the fresh air inlet and outlet, so as to ensure the quality of the output air; the data monitored by these sensors is fed back to the controller 5 in real time, and the controller 5 intelligently controls the PTC heater 1, the fresh air fan 2, the negative ion generator module 12 and the exhaust air motor 15 according to the data, so as to ensure the continuous, efficient and stable operation of the device.

[0043] User interaction: the display screen 4 installed on the outer wall of the installation shell 16 is electrically connected with the controller 5, and displays the device running state and environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, air quality, negative ion concentration and the like in real time, so that the user can grasp the indoor air condition in time, and at the same time, the display screen 4 can also display the working mode of the device, fault prompt and the like, so as to improve the ease of use and user interaction experience of the device.

[0044] The above description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the utility model, but as described above, it should be understood that the utility model is not limited to the form disclosed herein, and should not be regarded as excluding other embodiments, but can be used in various other combinations, modifications and environments, and can be modified by the above teachings or related technical or knowledge within the scope of the utility model concept described herein. The modification and change made by the person skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model should be within the protection scope of the claims attached to the utility model.

Claims

1. A biomimetic negative oxygen ion generating device, characterized in that, include: The housing (16) is provided with a fresh air inlet (10) on one side of its lower part, a fresh air outlet (13) on its top, an exhaust inlet (9) at its bottom, and an exhaust outlet (11) on one side of its lower part. The fresh air primary filter (6) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the mounting housing (16) and located inside the fresh air inlet (10); The heat exchange core (7) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the mounting housing (16) and located on the air outlet side of the fresh air primary filter (6); A high-efficiency filter (3) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the mounting housing (16) and located on the air outlet side of the heat exchange core (7); The fresh air fan (2) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the mounting housing (16) and located on the fresh air path between the high efficiency filter (3) and the fresh air outlet (13); The exhaust pre-filter (8) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the mounting housing (16) and located inside the exhaust inlet (9) and at the inlet of the heat exchange core (7); The exhaust fan motor (15) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the mounting housing (16) and located on the exhaust outlet side of the heat exchange core (7); The negative ion generator module (12) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the mounting housing (16) and located at the fresh air outlet (13); The sensor module (14) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the mounting housing (16) and is respectively located at the fresh air inlet (10), the fresh air outlet (13), the exhaust air inlet (9), the exhaust air outlet (11) and the heat exchange core (7); The PTC heater (1) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the mounting housing (16) and located in the fresh air path after the fresh air fan (2) and before the fresh air outlet (13); The controller (5) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the mounting housing (16). The controller (5) is electrically connected to the PTC heater (1), the fresh air fan (2), the negative ion generator module (12), the sensor module (14), and the exhaust motor (15).

2. The biomimetic negative oxygen ion generating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fresh air fan (2) is a volute-shaped DC motor, which is fixedly connected to the mounting housing (16) by screws and shock-absorbing pads.

3. The biomimetic negative oxygen ion generating device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sensor module (14) includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a particulate matter sensor, an air quality sensor, and a wind speed sensor. The temperature sensor is located at the fresh air inlet (10), the fresh air outlet (13), the exhaust air inlet (9), the exhaust air outlet (11), and the heat exchange core (7); The humidity sensor is located at the heat exchange core (7); The particulate matter sensor is located at the fresh air inlet (10), the fresh air outlet (13), the exhaust air inlet (9), and the exhaust air outlet (11); The air quality sensor is installed at the fresh air inlet (10) and the fresh air outlet (13); The wind speed sensor is installed in the fresh air duct between the fresh air fan (2) and the fresh air outlet (13), and in the exhaust duct between the exhaust fan motor (15) and the exhaust outlet (11).

4. The biomimetic negative oxygen ion generating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A display screen (4) is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the mounting housing (16), and the display screen (4) is electrically connected to the controller (5).

5. The biomimetic negative oxygen ion generating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The PTC heater (1) uses a ceramic PTC thermistor element with an aluminum oxide insulating and thermally conductive coating on its surface.

6. The biomimetic negative oxygen ion generating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The negative ion generator module (12) includes a metal tip emission unit and a negative ion conversion module. The metal tip emission unit adopts a needle-shaped electrode structure with a tip curvature radius ≤0.1mm.

Images