Adaptive adjustment transmission mechanism of 3D printer and 3D printer

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of 3D printer self-adapting adjustment transmission mechanism and 3D printer, by setting temperature compensation mechanism to first synchronous belt and second synchronous belt, and setting lubricating mechanism to the guide rail where each slider is, so that the 3D printer self-adapting adjustment transmission mechanism and 3D printer of the application can adapt to the change of different environment, while guaranteeing printing precision in control range, to improve the stability of printing precision, reduce the printing process affected by environment printing defective rate. At the same time, the 3D printer self-adapting adjustment transmission mechanism and 3D printer of the application do not need to configure shell to close the entire printing equipment, and obtain relatively constant printing environment by adjusting temperature and humidity in the shell, so as to also reduce manufacturing cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of 3D printing equipment technology, specifically to a 3D printer transmission mechanism with adaptive adjustment function, suitable for high-precision, large-size 3D printing scenarios. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of 3D printing technology, the stability, accuracy, and adaptability of the planar motion system (XY axis) directly determine the printing quality. In existing technologies, while the cross-axis structure is lightweight, its head-changing design is limited; the I-axis structure has high motion inertia and significant noise; the Corexy mechanism has complex belt winding methods and is prone to unilateral wear; although the HBOT structure is widely used, it has the inherent defect of difficult-to-eliminate Y-axis torque, requiring extremely high machining precision for large-size printing, leading to increased manufacturing costs and insufficient accuracy stability. To address these issues, patent (patent number: 201821481084.5) discloses a "3D printer planar motion system" that can reduce Y-axis torque and the inertia of the 3D print head, thereby improving printing accuracy to a certain extent.

[0003] However, after prolonged use, it was found that the transmission accuracy of this design (patent number: 201821481084.5) is easily affected by the environment. This is mainly manifested in the following ways: changes in ambient temperature cause the transmission belt to expand and contract, and changes in humidity exacerbate guide rail wear, thus reducing motion accuracy, and this cannot be compensated for in real time. Therefore, to achieve stable printing accuracy, a casing must be installed to enclose the entire printing device, and a relatively constant environment must be obtained through temperature and humidity regulation, increasing manufacturing costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the above, an adaptive adjustment transmission mechanism and a 3D printer are provided to solve the problem that the transmission accuracy in the prior art is easily affected by the environment.

[0005] An adaptive adjustment transmission mechanism for a 3D printer includes a first X-axis assembly, a second X-axis assembly, a Y-axis assembly, and a 3D print head mounting assembly. The first X-axis assembly includes a first slider, a second slider, a first guide wheel and a second guide wheel disposed on the first slider, a first drive wheel disposed on the second slider, and a first guide rail fixedly connecting the first slider and the second slider. The second X-axis assembly includes a third slider, a fourth slider, a third guide wheel and a fourth guide wheel disposed on the third slider, a second drive wheel disposed on the fourth slider, and a second guide rail fixedly connecting the third slider and the fourth slider. The Y-axis assembly includes a fifth slider slidably connected to the first guide rail, a sixth slider slidably connected to the second guide rail, a fifth guide wheel and a sixth guide wheel disposed on the fifth slider, a seventh guide wheel and an eighth guide wheel disposed on the sixth slider, and a third guide rail fixedly connecting the fifth slider and the sixth slider. The 3D print head mounting assembly includes a seventh slider slidably connected to the third guide rail, the seventh slider having a first timing belt fixing part, a second timing belt fixing part, a third timing belt fixing part, and a fourth timing belt fixing part. The first drive wheel is used to output the first X-axis... The system includes a first torque force; a second drive wheel for outputting a second torque force; a first guide rail and a second guide rail that are parallel rigid tracks; a third guide rail that is a rigid track; a first synchronous belt and a second synchronous belt; one end of the first synchronous belt is connected to the first synchronous belt fixing part, and the other end of the first synchronous belt is connected to the second synchronous belt fixing part; the first synchronous belt is sequentially connected to the fifth guide wheel, the first drive wheel, the first guide wheel, the fourth guide wheel, and the eighth guide wheel from the first synchronous belt fixing part to the second synchronous belt fixing part; one end of the second synchronous belt is connected to the third synchronous belt fixing part, and the other end of the second synchronous belt is connected to the fourth synchronous belt fixing part; the second synchronous belt is sequentially connected to the seventh guide wheel, the second drive wheel, the third guide wheel, the second guide wheel, and the sixth guide wheel from the third synchronous belt fixing part to the fourth synchronous belt fixing part; and a temperature compensation module and a guide rail lubrication module; the temperature compensation module is used to control the temperature of the first synchronous belt and the second synchronous belt, and the guide rail lubrication module is used to lubricate the first guide rail, the second guide rail, and the third guide rail according to a set cycle.

[0006] In one embodiment, the temperature compensation module includes temperature sensors disposed on the surfaces of the first and second synchronous belts, and heating elements disposed on the first to the eighth guide wheels. The heating element is disposed in at least one of the first, fourth, fifth, and eighth guide wheels, and in at least one of the second, third, sixth, and seventh guide wheels. In this embodiment, the temperature sensors collect the synchronous belt temperature in real time. When the temperature is below a preset threshold (e.g., 15°C), the heating elements are activated to raise the temperature of the guide wheels, thereby increasing the temperature of the synchronous belt and reducing the effects of cooling and contraction.

[0007] In one embodiment, the guide wheel with the heating element is connected to its mounting base via an electric slip ring.

[0008] In one embodiment, the temperature compensation module includes a cooling fan mounted on the second and fourth sliders; the cooling fan is used to cool the first and second synchronous belts. In this embodiment, when the temperature exceeds a preset threshold (e.g., 35°C), the cooling fan is activated. By reducing the temperature of the drive wheel and its drive motor, the ambient temperature and the synchronous belt temperature are indirectly reduced first. Secondly, under the action of the cooling fan, the temperature of the entire printing area is also reduced due to the accelerated airflow. By controlling the temperature of the synchronous belt within a reasonable range, transmission errors caused by thermal expansion can be avoided.

[0009] In one embodiment, the guide rail lubrication module is disposed on the fifth and sixth sliders. The guide rail lubrication module includes a first oil outlet and a second oil outlet, which are connected to a lubricating oil tank via a micro-oil pump. When the guide rail lubrication module is disposed on the fifth slider, the first oil outlet faces the first guide rail sliding surface, and the second oil outlet faces the third guide rail sliding surface. When the guide rail lubrication module is disposed on the sixth slider, the first oil outlet faces the second guide rail sliding surface, and the second oil outlet faces the third guide rail sliding surface. In this embodiment, the guide rail lubrication module delivers a quantitative amount of lubricating oil to the guide rail surface according to a set cycle, such as every 10 hours of operation, to reduce wear. In experiments, quantitative lubrication every 10 hours of operation resulted in good control of the printed part's accuracy. Lubrication exceeding 15 hours resulted in printing defects of approximately ±0.1mm. In high-precision printed parts, these defects would result in a 15%-25% defect rate, failing to meet the requirements of industrial-grade 3D printed parts.

[0010] In one embodiment, the tension adjustment module is further disposed on the movement path of the first and second synchronous belts. The tension adjustment module includes a tension sensor for detecting the tension of the synchronous belts and an electric push rod for adjusting the tension of the synchronous belts. One end of the electric push rod is provided with a tensioning wheel that meshes with the synchronous belt, and the other end is fixedly connected to the slider it is positioned on. This configuration allows the tension of the first and second synchronous belts to be maintained between 50-80 N.

[0011] In one embodiment, the tension adjustment module is disposed on the fifth and sixth sliders. This arrangement minimizes the impact of the tension adjustment module on the transmission mechanism.

[0012] In one embodiment, the Y-axis assembly further includes a fourth guide rail that is fixedly connected to the fifth slider and the sixth slider; the fourth guide rail is a rigid rail arranged parallel to the third guide rail; and the seventh slider is slidably connected to the fourth guide rail.

[0013] In one embodiment, the first synchronous belt fixing part, the second synchronous belt fixing part, the fifth guide wheel, the first drive wheel, the first guide wheel, the fourth guide wheel, and the eighth guide wheel are arranged within a first height range to restrict the movement of the first synchronous belt within a second height range; the third synchronous belt fixing part, the fourth synchronous belt fixing part, the seventh guide wheel, the second drive wheel, the third guide wheel, the second guide wheel, and the sixth guide wheel are arranged within a third height range to restrict the movement of the second synchronous belt within a fourth height range; the minimum height value of the second height range is greater than the maximum height value of the fourth height range, so that the first synchronous belt and the second synchronous belt move within two independent height layers, avoiding mutual interference between the first synchronous belt and the second synchronous belt during movement.

[0014] The aforementioned adaptive adjustment transmission mechanism for the 3D printer, by incorporating a temperature compensation mechanism for the synchronous belt and a lubrication mechanism for the guide rail, enables the adaptive adjustment transmission mechanism of this application's 3D printer to adapt to changes in different environments, ensuring that printing accuracy remains within a controllable range and reducing the defect rate caused by environmental factors. Simultaneously, this eliminates the need for a casing to completely enclose the printing equipment, and allows for a relatively constant environment through temperature and humidity regulation, thus reducing manufacturing costs.

[0015] Based on the above, this application also provides a 3D printer.

[0016] A 3D printer includes the adaptive adjustment transmission mechanism described in any of the above embodiments. By incorporating a temperature compensation mechanism for the synchronous belt and a lubrication mechanism for the guide rail, the 3D printer of this application can adapt to changes in different environments, ensuring that printing accuracy remains within a controllable range and reducing the defect rate caused by environmental factors. Simultaneously, this 3D printer eliminates the need for a casing to completely enclose the printing equipment and achieves a relatively constant environment through temperature and humidity regulation, thereby reducing manufacturing costs. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 : A schematic diagram of the transmission mechanism structure of a 3D printer provided in one embodiment;

[0018] Figure 2 : A cross-sectional view (AA) of the transmission mechanism structure of a 3D printer provided in one embodiment;

[0019] Figure 3 : A BB cross-sectional view of a 3D printer transmission mechanism structure provided in one embodiment;

[0020] Figure 4 : A schematic diagram of the Y-axis assembly (movable axis) of a 3D printer transmission mechanism provided in one embodiment;

[0021] Figure 5 : A CC cross-sectional view of the Y-axis assembly (movable axis) in the drive mechanism of a 3D printer provided in one embodiment;

[0022] Figure 6 : A DD cross-sectional view of the Y-axis assembly (movable axis) in a 3D printer drive mechanism provided in one embodiment;

[0023] Figure 7 : An EE cross-sectional view of the Y-axis assembly (movable axis) in a 3D printer drive mechanism provided in one embodiment;

[0024] Figure 8 : A cross-sectional view of the Y-axis assembly (movable axis) in a 3D printer drive mechanism according to an embodiment;

[0025] Figure 9 : A schematic diagram of the installation structure between the heating element and the electric slip ring and the guide wheel provided in one embodiment.

[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 100. First X-axis assembly; 110. First slider; 111. First guide wheel; 112. Second guide wheel; 120. Second slider; 121. First motor; 122. First drive wheel; 130. First guide rail; 200. Second X-axis assembly; 210. Third slider; 211. Third guide wheel; 212. Fourth guide wheel; 220. Fourth slider; 221. Second motor; 222. Second drive wheel; 230. Second guide rail; 300. Y-axis assembly; 310. Fifth slider; 311. Fifth guide wheel; 312. Sixth guide wheel; 32. 0. Sixth slider; 321. Seventh guide wheel; 322. Eighth guide wheel; 330. Third guide rail; 340. Fourth guide rail; 400. 3D printer head mounting assembly; 410. Seventh slider; 411. First timing belt fixing part; 412. Second timing belt fixing part; 413. Third timing belt fixing part; 414. Fourth timing belt fixing part; 500. First timing belt; 600. Second timing belt; 700. Tensioner; 710. First oil outlet; 720. Second oil outlet; 730. Temperature sensor; 800. Cooling fan; 910. Heating element; 920. Electric slip ring. Detailed Implementation

[0027] In this patent document, the following is discussed Figure 1-9 The various embodiments used to describe the principles or methods of this disclosure are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure in any way. Preferred embodiments of this disclosure will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, detailed descriptions of well-known functions or configurations will be omitted to avoid obscuring the subject matter of this disclosure with unnecessary detail. Furthermore, the terminology used herein will be defined according to the functional definitions of the invention. Therefore, the terminology may vary depending on the intention or usage of the user or operator. Consequently, the terminology used herein must be understood based on the descriptions made herein.

[0028] A 3D printer adaptive adjustment transmission mechanism, such as Figure 1As shown, the assembly includes a first X-axis assembly 100, a second X-axis assembly 200, a Y-axis assembly 300, and a 3D print head mounting assembly 400. The first X-axis assembly 100 includes a first slider 110, a second slider 120, a first guide wheel 111 and a second guide wheel 112 disposed on the first slider 110, a first drive wheel 122 disposed on the second slider 120, and a first guide rail 130 fixedly connecting the first slider 110 and the second slider 120. The second X-axis assembly 200 includes a third slider 210, a fourth slider 220, a third guide wheel 211 and a fourth guide wheel 212 disposed on the third slider 210, a second drive wheel 222 disposed on the fourth slider 220, and a second guide rail 230 fixedly connecting the third slider 210 and the fourth slider 220. The Y-axis assembly 300 includes a fifth slider 310 slidably connected to a first guide rail 130, a sixth slider 320 slidably connected to a second guide rail 230, a fifth guide wheel 311 and a sixth guide wheel 312 disposed on the fifth slider 310, a seventh guide wheel 321 and an eighth guide wheel 322 disposed on the sixth slider 320, and a third guide rail 330 fixedly connecting the fifth slider 310 and the sixth slider 320. The 3D printer head mounting assembly 400 includes a seventh slider 410 slidably connected to the third guide rail 330, the seventh slider 410 being provided with a first timing belt 500 fixing part 411, a second timing belt 600 fixing part 412, a third timing belt fixing part 413, and a fourth timing belt fixing part 414. A first drive wheel 122 is used to output a first torque force. A second drive wheel 222 is used to output a second torque force. The first guide rail 130 and the second guide rail 230 are parallel rigid rails. The third guide rail 330 is a rigid rail. It also includes a first timing belt 500 and a second timing belt 600. One end of the first synchronous belt 500 is connected to the first synchronous belt 500 fixing part 411, and the other end of the first synchronous belt 500 is connected to the second synchronous belt 600 fixing part 412. From the first synchronous belt 500 fixing part 411 to the second synchronous belt 600 fixing part 412, the first synchronous belt 500 is sequentially connected to the fifth guide wheel 311, the first drive wheel 122, the first guide wheel 111, the fourth guide wheel 212, and the eighth guide wheel 322. One end of the second synchronous belt 600 is connected to the third synchronous belt fixing part 413, and the other end of the second synchronous belt 600 is connected to the fourth synchronous belt fixing part 414. From the third synchronous belt fixing part 413 to the fourth synchronous belt fixing part 414, the second synchronous belt 600 is sequentially connected to the seventh guide wheel 321, the second drive wheel 222, the third guide wheel 211, the second guide wheel 112, and the sixth guide wheel 312. The system also includes a temperature compensation module and a guide rail lubrication module. The temperature compensation module is used to control the temperature of the first synchronous belt 500 and the second synchronous belt 600, and the guide rail lubrication module is used to lubricate the first guide rail 130, the second guide rail 230 and the third guide rail 330 according to a set cycle.This configuration, through the implementation of temperature compensation and guide rail lubrication mechanisms on the synchronous belt, enables the adaptive adjustment transmission mechanism of this 3D printer to adapt to changes in different environments, ensuring printing accuracy within a controlled range and reducing the defect rate caused by environmental factors. Simultaneously, it eliminates the need for a casing to completely enclose the printing equipment, allowing for a relatively constant environment through temperature and humidity regulation, thus reducing manufacturing costs.

[0029] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the temperature compensation module includes temperature sensors 730 disposed on the surfaces of the first synchronous belt 500 and the second synchronous belt 600, and heating elements 910 disposed in the first guide wheels 111 to the eighth guide wheels 322 (e.g., Figure 9 As shown, at least one of the first guide wheel 111, the fourth guide wheel 212, the fifth guide wheel 311, and the eighth guide wheel 322 is provided with a heating element 910, and at least one of the second guide wheel 112, the third guide wheel 211, the sixth guide wheel 312, and the seventh guide wheel 321 is provided with a heating element 910. In this embodiment, the temperature sensor 730 collects the temperature of the synchronous belt in real time. When the temperature is lower than a preset threshold (e.g., 15°C), the heating element 910 is controlled to work, raising the temperature of the guide wheels to drive the synchronous belt to heat up and reduce the impact of cold contraction.

[0030] In one embodiment, such as Figure 9 As shown, the guide wheel equipped with heating element 910 is connected to its mounting base via an electric slip ring 920. In this embodiment, the guide wheel is rotatably connected to its mounting base (slider) via the electric slip ring 920. The heating element 910 is electrically connected to the electrical output terminal of the electric slip ring 920, and the electrical input terminal of the electric slip ring 920 is connected to an external power source, meaning that the heating element 910 obtains electrical energy from the outside through the electric slip ring 920.

[0031] In one embodiment, such as Figure 9 As shown, the heating element 910 is pre-installed in the guide wheel to form a whole.

[0032] In one embodiment, the guide wheel, on which at least heating element 910 is mounted, is made of a thermally conductive material.

[0033] In one embodiment, the heating element 910 is annular, and its axis coincides with the axis of the guide wheel.

[0034] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1As shown, the temperature compensation module includes a cooling fan 800 mounted on the second slider 120 and the fourth slider 220. The cooling fan 800 is used to cool the first synchronous belt 500 and the second synchronous belt 600. In this embodiment, when the temperature is higher than a preset threshold (e.g., 35°C), the cooling fan 800 is activated. By reducing the temperature of the drive wheel and its drive motor, the ambient temperature and the synchronous belt temperature are indirectly reduced firstly. Secondly, under the action of the cooling fan 800, the temperature of the entire printing area is also reduced due to the accelerated airflow. By controlling the temperature of the synchronous belt within a reasonable range, transmission errors caused by thermal expansion can be avoided.

[0035] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, guide rail lubrication modules are installed on the fifth slider 310 and the sixth slider 320. Each guide rail lubrication module includes a first oil outlet 710 and a second oil outlet 720, which are connected to a lubricating oil tank via a micro oil pump. When the guide rail lubrication module is installed on the fifth slider 310, the first oil outlet 710 faces the sliding surface of the first guide rail 130, and the second oil outlet 720 faces the sliding surface of the third guide rail 330. When the guide rail lubrication module is installed on the sixth slider 320, the first oil outlet 710 faces the sliding surface of the second guide rail 230, and the second oil outlet 720 faces the sliding surface of the third guide rail 330. In this embodiment, the guide rail lubrication module delivers a fixed amount of lubricating oil to the guide rail surface according to a set cycle, such as every 10 hours of operation, to reduce wear. In the experiment, with quantitative lubrication every 10 hours of operation, the accuracy of the printed parts could be well controlled. However, lubrication exceeding 15 hours would introduce printing defects of approximately ±0.1mm. In high-precision printed parts, this defect would result in a 15%-25% defect rate, failing to meet the requirements of industrial-grade 3D printed parts. Furthermore, the first oil outlet 710, the second oil outlet 720, and the micro oil pump in this application all use conventional lubricating oil. The pumping device is a directly purchased part and device; therefore, the attached drawings only show the location of the oil outlets, and no requirements are made regarding the structure of the lubricating oil pump mechanism itself.

[0036] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1As shown, a tension adjustment module is also provided on the movement path of the first synchronous belt 500 and the second synchronous belt 600. The tension adjustment module includes a tension sensor for detecting the tension of the synchronous belts and an electric push rod for adjusting the tension of the synchronous belts. One end of the electric push rod is equipped with a tension wheel 700 that engages with the synchronous belt, and the other end is fixedly connected to the slider it is positioned on. This configuration can maintain the tension of the first synchronous belt 500 and the second synchronous belt 600 between 50-80N. In this embodiment, the tension adjustment module can adopt any conventionally used form of mechanism with active tension adjustment; that is, the connection method between the tension wheel 700 and the electric push rod, and the fixing method between the electric push rod and the slider, can all adopt conventional forms. Therefore, the tension adjustment module is only shown in the accompanying drawings with the position and structure of the tension wheel 700 as an illustration.

[0037] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, tension adjustment modules are installed on the fifth slider 310 and the sixth slider 320. This arrangement minimizes the impact of the tension adjustment modules on the transmission mechanism.

[0038] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 or Figure 3 As shown, the first X-axis assembly 100 also includes a first motor 121. The first motor 121 is mounted on the second slider 120. A first drive pulley 122 is mounted on the shaft of the first motor 121 to convert the first torque force generated by the first motor 121 into a pulling force on the first synchronous belt 500.

[0039] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 or Figure 3 As shown, the second X-axis assembly 200 also includes a second motor 221. The second motor 221 is mounted on the fourth slider 220. A second drive wheel 222 is mounted on the shaft of the second motor 221 to convert the second torque force generated by the second motor 221 into a pulling force on the second synchronous belt 600.

[0040] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the first driving pulley 122 has a first set of teeth evenly arranged in the circumferential direction. The first synchronous belt 500 has a second set of teeth evenly arranged perpendicular to its length direction. The first set of teeth and the second set of teeth mesh with each other, so that the distance moved by any point on the first synchronous belt 500 always corresponds one-to-one with the arc length of the rotation of any point on the first driving pulley 122 or the arc of the rotation of the first driving pulley 122. That is, the first synchronous belt 500 and the first driving pulley 122 are driven by static friction or gear meshing.

[0041] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3As shown, the second driving pulley 222 has a third set of teeth evenly arranged in the circumferential direction. The second synchronous belt 600 has a fourth set of teeth evenly arranged perpendicular to its length direction. The third and fourth sets of teeth mesh with each other, so that the distance moved by any point on the second synchronous belt 600 always corresponds one-to-one with the arc length of the rotation of any point on the second driving pulley 222 or the arc of rotation of the second driving pulley 222. That is, the first synchronous belt 500 and the first driving pulley 122 are driven by static friction or gear meshing.

[0042] In one embodiment, the first drive pulley 122 has at least one circumferentially arranged annular boss in the axial direction. The first timing belt 500 has at least one closed annular groove along its length. After the first timing belt 500 and the first drive pulley 122 are tensioned and installed, the boss is placed in the groove to increase the contact area between the first drive pulley 122 and the first timing belt 500, thereby increasing the friction.

[0043] In one embodiment, the second drive pulley 222 has at least one circumferentially arranged annular boss in the axial direction. The second timing belt 600 has at least one closed annular groove along its length. After the second timing belt 600 and the second drive pulley 222 are tensioned and installed, the boss is placed in the groove to increase the contact area between the second drive pulley 222 and the second timing belt 600, thereby increasing the friction.

[0044] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 or Figure 4 As shown, the Y-axis assembly also includes a fourth guide rail that fixes the fifth slider 310 and the sixth slider 320 together. The fourth guide rail is a rigid track parallel to the third guide rail. The seventh slider 410 is slidably connected to the fourth guide rail. This arrangement restricts the degree of freedom of the sixth slider 320 in one direction, making its movement in the plane smoother. Especially when using circular guide rails, using two parallel circular guide rails can effectively restrict the degree of freedom of the sixth slider 320 and improve the smoothness of its movement in the plane.

[0045] In one embodiment, the first synchronous belt 500 fixing part 411, the second synchronous belt 600 fixing part 412, the fifth guide wheel 311, the first drive wheel 122, the first guide wheel 111, the fourth guide wheel 212, and the eighth guide wheel 322 are arranged within a first height range to restrict the movement of the first synchronous belt 500 within a second height range. The third synchronous belt fixing part 413, the fourth synchronous belt fixing part 414, the seventh guide wheel 321, the second drive wheel 222, the third guide wheel 211, the second guide wheel 112, and the sixth guide wheel 312 are arranged within a third height range to restrict the movement of the second synchronous belt 600 within a fourth height range. The minimum height value of the second height range is greater than the maximum height value of the fourth height range, so that the first synchronous belt 500 and the second synchronous belt 600 move within two independent height layers, avoiding mutual interference between the first synchronous belt 500 and the second synchronous belt 600 during movement. The first height range, second height range, third height range, and fourth height range all refer to the height range between two parallel planes perpendicular to the same direction.

[0046] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the height of the first guide wheel 111, which is located within the first height range, is greater than the height of the second guide wheel 112, which is located within the third height range. The height of the fourth guide wheel 212, located within the first height range, is greater than the height of the third guide wheel 211, located within the third height range. This ensures that the height of the first synchronous belt 500, located within the second height range, is greater than the height of the third guide wheel 211, located within the fourth height range, allowing the first synchronous belt 500 and the second synchronous belt 600 to move within two independent height levels, thus preventing mutual interference between the first synchronous belt 500 and the second synchronous belt 600 during movement.

[0047] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the height of the first drive wheel 122, which is set within the first height range, is greater than the height of the second drive wheel 222, which is set within the third height range.

[0048] In one embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, the height of the fifth guide wheel 311, which is located within the first height range, is greater than the height of the sixth guide wheel 312, which is located within the third height range.

[0049] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the height of the eighth guide wheel 322, which is located within the first height range, is greater than the height of the seventh guide wheel 321, which is located within the third height range.

[0050] In one embodiment, such as Figure 7As shown, the height of the first synchronous belt 500 fixing part 411, which is located within the first height range, is greater than the height of the fourth synchronous belt fixing part 414, which is located within the third height range.

[0051] In one embodiment, such as Figure 8 As shown, the height of the second synchronous belt 600 fixing part 412, which is located within the first height range, is greater than the height of the third synchronous belt fixing part 413, which is located within the third height range.

[0052] To facilitate understanding, the implementation principle of this invention is explained below with more specific embodiments. It should be understood that the principles described below are merely for the purpose of understanding this solution and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the claims of this application. The implementation principle is as follows:

[0053] 1. For example Figures 1 to 8 As shown, this application designs two sets of transmission mechanisms, one upper and one lower, by adjusting the height of the transmission mechanism components. Among them, as... Figure 1 As shown, the 3D printing head mounting assembly 400, the fifth guide wheel 311, the first drive wheel 122, the first guide wheel 111, the fourth guide wheel 212, and the eighth guide wheel 322 are connected in a closed loop via the first synchronous belt 500, forming the first transmission mechanism, which serves as the upper-level transmission mechanism. The 3D printing head mounting assembly 400, the sixth guide wheel 312, the second guide wheel 112, the third guide wheel 211, the second drive wheel 222, and the seventh guide wheel 321 are connected in a closed loop via the second synchronous belt 600, forming the second transmission mechanism, which serves as the lower-level transmission mechanism. Because the first and second transmission mechanisms are distributed in upper and lower layers, the first synchronous belt 500 and the second synchronous belt 600 always maintain a certain height difference and do not contact each other, thus solving the problem of unilateral wear of synchronous belts in traditional technologies.

[0054] 2. As described in point 1 above, this scheme designs two sets of transmission mechanisms: a first set and a second set, i.e., two synchronous belts are installed. For example... Figure 1As shown, when the 3D printing head mounting assembly 400 moves to the left along the Y-axis (approaching the first X-axis assembly 100), both the first drive wheel 122 and the second drive wheel 222 rotate clockwise. Therefore, force analysis clearly shows that the fifth guide wheel 311 and the sixth guide wheel 312 experience opposite forces in the first X-axis direction, but the forces are of the same magnitude (due to identical motor specifications). Since both the fifth guide wheel 311 and the sixth guide wheel 312 are fixed to the fifth slider 310 of the Y-axis assembly 300, the resultant force on the fifth slider 310 in the first X-axis direction is zero. Therefore, when the 3D printing head mounting assembly 400 moves to the left along the Y-axis, the torque on the Y-axis in the horizontal direction is zero, meaning no harmful torque is generated. Similarly, when the 3D print head mounting assembly 400 moves to the right along the Y-axis (approaching the second X-axis assembly 200), both the first drive wheel 122 and the second drive wheel 222 rotate counterclockwise. The fourth guide wheel 212 and the seventh guide wheel 321 experience forces in opposite directions and of equal magnitude in the second X-axis direction, thus making the resultant force on the sixth slider 320 in the second X-axis direction zero. Therefore, when the 3D print head mounting assembly 400 moves to the right along the Y-axis, the torque on the Y-axis in the horizontal direction is zero, meaning no harmful torque is generated. In summary, this solution can avoid or reduce the problem of motion path deviation caused by the horizontal torque on the Y-axis when the 3D print head mounting assembly 400 moves along the Y-axis.

[0055] The aforementioned adaptive adjustment transmission mechanism for the 3D printer, by incorporating a temperature compensation mechanism for the synchronous belt and a lubrication mechanism for the guide rail, enables the adaptive adjustment transmission mechanism of this application's 3D printer to adapt to changes in different environments, ensuring that printing accuracy remains within a controllable range and reducing the defect rate caused by environmental factors. Simultaneously, this eliminates the need for a casing to completely enclose the printing equipment, and allows for a relatively constant environment through temperature and humidity regulation, thus reducing manufacturing costs.

[0056] Based on the above, this application also provides a 3D printer.

[0057] A 3D printer includes the adaptive adjustment transmission mechanism described in any of the above embodiments. By incorporating a temperature compensation mechanism for the synchronous belt and a lubrication mechanism for the guide rail, the 3D printer of this application can adapt to changes in different environments, ensuring that printing accuracy remains within a controllable range and reducing the defect rate caused by environmental factors. Simultaneously, this 3D printer eliminates the need for a casing to completely enclose the printing equipment and achieves a relatively constant environment through temperature and humidity regulation, thereby reducing manufacturing costs.

[0058] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An adaptive adjustment transmission mechanism for a 3D printer, comprising a first X-axis assembly, a second X-axis assembly, a Y-axis assembly, and a 3D print head mounting assembly; the first X-axis assembly includes a first slider, a second slider, a first guide wheel and a second guide wheel disposed on the first slider, a first drive wheel disposed on the second slider, and a first guide rail fixedly connecting the first slider and the second slider; the second X-axis assembly includes a third slider, a fourth slider, a third guide wheel and a fourth guide wheel disposed on the third slider, a second drive wheel disposed on the fourth slider, and a second guide rail fixedly connecting the third slider and the fourth slider; the Y-axis assembly includes a fifth slider slidably connected to the first guide rail, a sixth slider slidably connected to the second guide rail, a fifth guide wheel and a sixth guide wheel disposed on the fifth slider, a seventh guide wheel and an eighth guide wheel disposed on the sixth slider, and a third guide rail fixedly connecting the fifth slider and the sixth slider; the 3D print head mounting assembly includes a seventh slider slidably connected to the third guide rail, the seventh slider being provided with a first synchronous belt. The system comprises a fixing part, a second timing belt fixing part, a third timing belt fixing part, and a fourth timing belt fixing part; a first driving pulley is used to output a first torque force; a second driving pulley is used to output a second torque force; a first guide rail and a second guide rail are parallel rigid rails; a third guide rail is a rigid rail; and a first timing belt and a second timing belt; one end of the first timing belt is connected to the first timing belt fixing part, and the other end of the first timing belt is connected to the second timing belt fixing part; the first timing belt is sequentially connected from the first timing belt fixing part to the second timing belt fixing part to the fifth guide pulley, the first driving pulley, the first guide pulley, the fourth guide pulley, and the eighth guide pulley; one end of the second timing belt is connected to the third timing belt fixing part, and the other end of the second timing belt is connected to the fourth timing belt fixing part; the second timing belt is sequentially connected from the third timing belt fixing part to the fourth timing belt fixing part to the seventh guide pulley, the second driving pulley, the third guide pulley, the second guide pulley, and the sixth guide pulley, characterized in that: It also includes a temperature compensation module and a guide rail lubrication module; The temperature compensation module is used to control the temperature of the first synchronous belt and the second synchronous belt, and the guide rail lubrication module is used to lubricate the first guide rail, the second guide rail and the third guide rail according to a set cycle.

2. The adaptive adjustment transmission mechanism for a 3D printer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature compensation module includes temperature sensors disposed on the surfaces of the first and second synchronous belts, and heating elements disposed on the first to the eighth guide wheels. The heating elements are disposed in at least one of the first, fourth, fifth, and eighth guide wheels, and in at least one of the second, third, sixth, and seventh guide wheels.

3. The adaptive adjustment transmission mechanism for a 3D printer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The guide wheel, which is equipped with the heating element, is connected to its mounting base via an electric slip ring.

4. The adaptive adjustment transmission mechanism for a 3D printer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The temperature compensation module includes a cooling fan installed on the second slider and the fourth slider; The cooling fan is used to cool the first synchronous belt and the second synchronous belt.

5. The adaptive adjustment transmission mechanism for a 3D printer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide rail lubrication module is provided on the fifth slider and the sixth slider; The guide rail lubrication module includes a first oil outlet and a second oil outlet, and the first oil outlet and the second oil outlet are connected to the lubricating oil tank through a micro oil pump. When the guide rail lubrication module is mounted on the fifth slider, the first oil outlet faces the first guide rail sliding surface, and the second oil outlet faces the third guide rail sliding surface. When the guide rail lubrication module is mounted on the sixth slider, the first oil outlet faces the second guide rail sliding surface, and the second oil outlet faces the third guide rail sliding surface.

6. The adaptive adjustment transmission mechanism for a 3D printer according to claim 1, characterized in that, Tension adjustment modules are also provided on the motion paths of the first and second synchronous belts; The tension adjustment module includes a tension sensor for detecting the tension of the synchronous belt, and an electric push rod for adjusting the tension of the synchronous belt; One end of the electric push rod is equipped with a tension wheel that meshes with a synchronous belt for transmission, and the other end is fixedly connected to the slider it is located on.

7. The adaptive adjustment transmission mechanism for a 3D printer according to claim 6, characterized in that, The tension adjustment module is provided on the fifth slider and the sixth slider.

8. The adaptive adjustment transmission mechanism for a 3D printer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Y-axis assembly also includes a fourth guide rail that is fixedly connected to the fifth slider and the sixth slider; The fourth guide rail is a rigid track arranged parallel to the third guide rail; The seventh slider is slidably connected to the fourth guide rail.

9. The adaptive adjustment transmission mechanism for a 3D printer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first synchronous belt fixing part, the second synchronous belt fixing part, the fifth guide wheel, the first drive wheel, the first guide wheel, the fourth guide wheel and the eighth guide wheel are arranged within a first height range to restrict the movement of the first synchronous belt within a second height range; The third synchronous belt fixing part, the fourth synchronous belt fixing part, the seventh guide wheel, the second drive wheel, the third guide wheel, the second guide wheel and the sixth guide wheel are arranged within the third height range to restrict the movement of the second synchronous belt within the fourth height range; The minimum height value of the second height range is greater than the maximum height value of the fourth height range, so that the first synchronization belt and the second synchronization belt move in two independent height layers, avoiding mutual interference between the first synchronization belt and the second synchronization belt during movement.

10. A 3D printer, characterized in that, Includes the adaptive adjustment drive mechanism for 3D printers as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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