Metal oxide nanoparticle composite, composition containing the same, light-emitting element, electronic device, and electronic apparatus

Abstract

To provide a metal oxide nanoparticle composite, a composition containing the same, a light-emitting element, an electronic device, and an electronic apparatus.SOLUTION: The present invention relates to a metal oxide nanoparticle composite including metal oxide nanoparticles and an organic compound represented by Chemical Formula 1, the organic compound being bonded to surfaces of the metal oxide nanoparticles. [Chemical Formula 1] (1) In Chemical Formula 1, R1 and R2 are each independently a C1-C5 alkyl group; X is a group capable of bonding to the metal oxide nanoparticles; a is 0 or 1; b is 1 or 2; and c is 0 or 1.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a metal oxide nanoparticle composite, a composition containing the same, a light-emitting element, an electronic device, and an electronic apparatus. [Background technology]

[0002] Among light-emitting elements, self-emitting elements have not only a wide viewing angle and excellent contrast, but also a fast response time and excellent characteristics in brightness, driving voltage and response speed.

[0003] A light-emitting device may have a structure in which a first electrode is disposed on a substrate, and a hole transport region, a light-emitting layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode are sequentially disposed on the first electrode. Holes injected from the first electrode travel to the light-emitting layer via the hole transport region, and electrons injected from the second electrode travel to the light-emitting layer via the electron transport region. Carriers such as holes and electrons recombine in the light-emitting layer region to generate excitons. Light is generated as the excitons change from the excited state to the ground state. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] US Patent Application Publication No. 2022 / 0328786 [Patent Document 2] Korean Patent Publication No. 2023-0069737 [Patent Document 3] Korean Patent Publication No. 2019-0108389 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a metal oxide nanoparticle composite for forming a light-emitting device with improved efficiency and lifetime, a composition containing the same, and a light-emitting device formed therefrom. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] According to one embodiment, metal oxide nanoparticles; and an organic compound bound to the surface of a metal oxide nanoparticle and represented by the following Chemical Formula 1: [Chemical formula 1] [ka] In Chemical Formula 1, R1 and R2 are each independently a C1-C5 alkyl group; X is a group capable of binding to a metal oxide nanoparticle, a is 0 or 1, b is 1 or 2, c is 0 or 1.

[0007] According to another embodiment, a metal oxide nanoparticle composite in which an organic compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 is bound to the surface of metal oxide nanoparticles; an initiator; and and a solvent.

[0008] According to yet another embodiment, A first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; an emissive layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an intermediate layer between the emissive layer and the second electrode, the intermediate layer including an electron transport region; A light-emitting device is provided in which the electron transport region includes a polymer formed by cross-linking metal oxide nanoparticles and an organic compound represented by Chemical Formula 1, and the polymer is bound to the surface of the metal oxide nanoparticles.

[0009] According to yet another embodiment, an electronic device is provided that includes a light-emitting element.

[0010] According to yet another embodiment, an electronic device is provided that includes an electronic device. [Effects of the Invention]

[0011] By forming the electron transport layer of a light-emitting device including a quantum dot light-emitting layer from a metal oxide nanoparticle composite, the metal oxide nanoparticles are stabilized by crosslinking of the surface ligands, thereby improving the efficiency and lifetime of the light-emitting device. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a structure of a light emitting device according to an embodiment. [Figure 2] 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment; [Figure 3] 10 is a diagram illustrating a schematic structure of an electronic device according to another embodiment. [Figure 4] 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment. [Figure 5] 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment. [Figure 6A] 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment. [Figure 6B] 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment. [Figure 6C] 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] The present invention can be modified in various ways and can have various embodiments, and specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the detailed description. The advantages and features of the present invention, as well as methods for achieving them, will become clearer with reference to the embodiments described in detail below together with the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below, and can be embodied in various forms.

[0014] In this specification, the singular expression includes the plural expression unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0015] In this specification, the terms "comprise" or "have" mean that the features or components described in the specification are present, and do not preclude the possibility that one or more other features or components may be added. For example, unless otherwise limited, the terms "comprise" or "have" mean both a case in which the features or components described in the specification are present and a case in which other components are further included.

[0016] [Metal oxide nanoparticle composite] The metal oxide nanoparticle composite according to one embodiment comprises: metal oxide nanoparticles; and an organic ligand represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, bound to the surface of the metal oxide nanoparticles. [Chemical formula 1] [ka] In Chemical Formula 1, R1 and R2 are each independently a C1-C5 alkyl group; X is a group that is bonded to the metal oxide nanoparticles, a is 0 or 1, b is 1 or 2, c is 0 or 1. When a or C is 0, it indicates that the structure enclosed in parentheses is a single bond. When b is 0, it indicates that the structure enclosed in brackets is a single bond.

[0017] In one embodiment, R1 and R2 are independently selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, or pentyl groups. Propyl, butyl, and pentyl groups are selected from their isomers. For example, propyl, butyl, and pentyl groups include n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, sec-pentyl, neopentyl, isopentyl, and tert-pentyl groups.

[0018] X is an anchoring group that connects the organic ligand to the surface of the metal oxide nanoparticle, including, but not limited to, an amino group (-NH), a phosphonate group (-POH), a catechol group (-Ph(OH)), a carboxyl group (-COOH), a thiol group (-SH), or a nitrile group (-CN).

[0019] The organic ligand may include at least one of the following compounds 1 to 24. [ka] [ka] [ka]

[0020] The organic ligands may be bound to the surface of the metal oxide nanoparticles in a range of about 10% to about 15% by weight based on the weight of the metal oxide nanoparticles.

[0021] The metal oxide nanoparticles may be nanoparticles of a metal oxide represented by the following chemical formula 2. [Chemical formula 2] M x O y In Chemical Formula 2, M is any one selected from Zn, Ti, Zr, Sn, W, Ta, Ni, Mo, and Cu; x and y are each an integer of 1 to 5;

[0022] In one embodiment, the metal oxide nanoparticles may be metal oxide nanoparticles represented by the following Chemical Formula 3: [Chemical formula 3] Zn 1-z A z O In Chemical Formula 3, A is Mg, Co, Ni, Zr, Mn, Sn, Y, Al, or a combination thereof; 0≦z<0.5.

[0023] In one embodiment, the metal oxide nanoparticles include, but are not limited to, ZnO, ZnMgO, ZnMgO:Sn, ZnSnO, ZnAlO, SnO, TiO, or combinations thereof. The metal oxide nanoparticles are selected from suitable metal oxides having electron transport capabilities. In one embodiment, the diameter of the metal oxide nanoparticles is, for example, 3 nm to 5 nm.

[0024] [Metal oxide nanoparticle composition] A metal oxide nanoparticle composition according to one embodiment comprises: A metal oxide nanoparticle composite in which an organic ligand represented by the following chemical formula 1 is bound to the surface of a metal oxide nanoparticle; an initiator; and and a solvent. [Chemical formula 1] [ka] In Chemical Formula 1, R1 and R2 are each independently a C1-C5 alkyl group; X is a group that is bonded to the metal oxide nanoparticles, a is 0 or 1, b is 1 or 2, c is 0 or 1. When a or C is 0, it indicates that the structure enclosed in parentheses is a single bond. When b is 0, it indicates that the structure enclosed in brackets is a single bond.

[0025] In one embodiment, R1 and R2 are independently selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, or pentyl groups. Propyl, butyl, and pentyl groups are selected from their isomers. For example, propyl, butyl, and pentyl groups include n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, sec-pentyl, neopentyl, isopentyl, and tert-pentyl groups.

[0026] X is an anchoring group that connects the organic ligand to the surface of the metal oxide nanoparticle, including, but not limited to, an amine group (-NH), a phosphate group (-POH), a catechol group (-Ph(OH)), a carboxyl group (-COOH), or a nitrile group (-CN).

[0027] The organic ligand may include at least one of the following compounds 1 to 24. [ka] [ka] [ka]

[0028] The metal oxide nanoparticles may be nanoparticles of a metal oxide represented by the following chemical formula 2. [Chemical formula 2] M x O y In Chemical Formula 2, M is any one selected from Zn, Ti, Zr, Sn, W, Ta, Ni, Mo, and Cu; x and y are each an integer of 1 to 5;

[0029] In one embodiment, the metal oxide nanoparticles may be metal oxide nanoparticles represented by the following Chemical Formula 3: [Chemical formula 3] Zn 1-z A z O In Chemical Formula 3, A is Mg, Co, Ni, Zr, Mn, Sn, Y, Al, or a combination thereof; 0≦z<0.5.

[0030] In one embodiment, the metal oxide nanoparticles include, but are not limited to, ZnO, ZnMgO, ZnMgO:Sn, ZnSnO, ZnAlO, SnO, TiO, or combinations thereof. The metal oxide nanoparticles are selected from suitable metal oxides having electron transport capabilities. In one embodiment, the diameter of the metal oxide nanoparticles is, for example, 3 nm to 5 nm.

[0031] In one embodiment, the diameter of the metal oxide nanoparticles is, for example, 3 nm to 5 nm, and the content of the metal oxide nanoparticle composite is 1 wt % to 10 wt %, or 1 wt % to 6 wt %, or 2 wt % to 4 wt %, based on the weight of the solvent.

[0032] The initiator serves to initiate the crosslinking of the organic ligands and is selected from known suitable initiators.

[0033] An initiator is a compound that can generate radicals by heat or light and promote the radical polymerization of organic ligands.

[0034] In one embodiment, the initiator is an organic peroxide-based compound or an azo-based compound. Specific examples of organic peroxide-based compounds include benzoyl peroxide, t-butyl perbenzoate, o-methylbenzoyl peroxide, p-methylbenzoyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, 1,1-bis(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1,1-di(t-butylperoxy)cyclohexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexyne, 1,6-bis(p-toluoylperoxycarbonyloxy)hexane, and di(4-methylbenzoylperoxy)hexamethylene biscarbonate. Specific examples of azo compounds include 2'-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethyl)valeronitrile, azobisisobutyronitrile, and 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile).

[0035] The content of the initiator is, for example, 0.1 wt % to 5 wt %, or 0.2 wt % to 1 wt %, or 0.3 wt % to 0.6 wt %, based on the weight of the metal oxide nanoparticle composite.

[0036] The solvent may be an alcoholic solvent, an ethereal solvent, an aromatic solvent, or any combination thereof.

[0037] For example, the solvent may be methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, cyclohexylbenzene, 1,3-dipropoxybenzene, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde-dimethyl-acetal, 4,4'-difluorodiphenylmethane, diphenyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(1-propenyl)benzene, 2-phenoxytoluene (MDPE), diphenylmethane, 2-phenylpyridine, dimethylbenzyl ether (DMDPE), 3-phenoxytoluene, 3-phenylpyridine, 2 -phenylanisole, 2-phenoxytetrahydrofuran, 1-propyl-4-phenylbenzene (NPBP), 2-phenoxy-1,4-dimethylbenzene (25DMDPE), ethyl-2-naphthyl-ether, dodecylbenzene, 2,2,5-trimethyldiphenyl ether (225TMDPE), dibenzyl-ether, 2,3,5-trimethyldiphenyl ether (235TMDPE), N-methyldiphenylamine, 4-isopropylbiphenyl, α,α-dichlorodiphenylmethane, 4-(3 tert-butyl ether, triethylene glycol isopropyl ether, tripropylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol tert-butyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, or any combination thereof.

[0038] For example, the solvent is a solvent containing glycol, in which the metal oxide nanoparticle composite can be stably dispersed.

[0039] A composition including a metal oxide nanoparticle composite having an organic ligand represented by Chemical Formula 1 bound to its surface may be used to form an electron transport layer of a quantum dot light-emitting device. Conventional metal oxide nanoparticles with organic ligands used in the electron transport layer of a light-emitting device tend to mix with the underlying light-emitting layer or allow metal components from the upper electrode to diffuse into the electron transport layer, resulting in reduced device efficiency and lifetime. When the metal oxide nanoparticle composition according to this embodiment is used in the electron transport layer, the acrylate moiety of the organic ligand represented by Chemical Formula 1 is crosslinked by heat treatment to form a polymer. In this case, the metal oxide nanoparticles in the electron transport layer are fixed by the polymer, preventing mixing with the light-emitting layer and preventing metal components from the upper electrode from diffusing through the electron transport layer, thereby improving device efficiency and lifetime.

[0040] [Light-emitting element] A light-emitting device according to another embodiment includes: a second electrode facing the first electrode; an emissive layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an intermediate layer between the emissive layer and the second electrode, the intermediate layer including an electron transport region; The electron transport region includes a polymer formed by cross-linking metal oxide nanoparticles and organic ligands represented by the following Chemical Formula 1. The polymer is bound to the surface of the metal oxide nanoparticles. [Chemical formula 1] [ka] In Chemical Formula 1, For the explanation of R1, R2, X, a, b, and c, please refer to the explanation of the metal oxide nanoparticle composite and / or metal oxide nanoparticle composition described above.

[0041] In one embodiment, the electron transport region comprises an electron transport layer, the electron transport layer comprising metal oxide nanoparticles and a polymer.

[0042] In one embodiment, the light-emitting layer comprises quantum dots.

[0043] Quantum dots include III-VI semiconductor compounds, II-VI semiconductor compounds, III-V semiconductor compounds, I-III-VI semiconductor compounds, IV-VI semiconductor compounds, Group IV elements or compounds, or combinations thereof. For a more detailed description of quantum dots, please see the text herein.

[0044] According to yet another embodiment, there is provided an electronic device including the light-emitting device as described above. For a more detailed description of the electronic device, please refer to the description herein.

[0045] According to yet another embodiment, there is provided an electronic device including the light-emitting device as described above. For a more detailed description of the electronic device, please refer to the description herein.

[0046] [Explanation regarding Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a light-emitting device 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The light-emitting device 10 includes a first electrode 110, an intermediate layer 130, and a second electrode 150.

[0047] Hereinafter, the structure and manufacturing method of a light emitting device 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

[0048] [First electrode 110] 1, a substrate may be further disposed below the first electrode 110 or above the second electrode 150. The substrate may be a glass substrate or a plastic substrate. Alternatively, the substrate may be a flexible substrate and may include a plastic having excellent heat resistance and durability, such as polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyarylate (PAR), polyetherimide, or any combination thereof.

[0049] The first electrode 110 may be formed by depositing a first electrode material on the substrate using, for example, a deposition method or a sputtering method. When the first electrode 110 is an anode, a high work function material that easily injects holes may be used as the first electrode material.

[0050] The first electrode 110 may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. To form the first electrode 110 as a transmissive electrode, the first electrode material may be indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO), zinc oxide (ZnO), or any combination thereof. Alternatively, to form the first electrode 110 as a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflective electrode, the first electrode material may be magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), or any combination thereof.

[0051] The first electrode 110 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure including multiple layers, for example, a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO.

[0052] [Middle layer 130] An intermediate layer 130 is disposed on the first electrode 110. The intermediate layer 130 includes a light-emitting layer.

[0053] The intermediate layer 130 may further include a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode 110 and the light-emitting layer, and an electron transport region disposed between the light-emitting layer and the second electrode 150.

[0054] The intermediate layer 130 may further include inorganic materials such as metal-containing compounds and quantum dots in addition to various organic materials.

[0055] Meanwhile, the intermediate layer 130 includes i) two or more light-emitting units sequentially stacked between the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 150, and ii) a charge generation layer disposed between the two light-emitting units. When the intermediate layer 130 includes the light-emitting units and the charge generation layer as described above, the light-emitting device 10 may be a tandem light-emitting device.

[0056] [Hole transport region in intermediate layer 130] The hole transport region can have i) a single layer structure consisting of a single layer of a single material, ii) a single layer structure consisting of a single layer containing multiple different materials, or iii) a multilayer structure including multiple layers containing multiple different materials.

[0057] The hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light-emitting assisting layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof.

[0058] For example, the hole transport region may have a multilayer structure of a hole injection layer / hole transport layer, a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / light emitting auxiliary layer, a hole injection layer / light emitting auxiliary layer, a hole transport layer / light emitting auxiliary layer, or a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / electron blocking layer, which are stacked in this order from the first electrode 110.

[0059] The hole transport region includes a compound represented by Formula 201 below, a compound represented by Formula 202 below, or any combination thereof: [Chemical formula 201] [ka] [Chemical formula 202] [ka]

[0060] In chemical formulas 201 and 202, L 201 ~L 204are, independently of each other, at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 60 a carbocyclic group, or at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 is a heterocyclic group, L 205 *-O-*', *-S-*', *-N(Q 201 )-*', at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 an alkylene group, at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 20 alkenylene group, at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 60 a carbocyclic group, or at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 is a heterocyclic group, xa1 to xa4 are each independently an integer of 0 to 5, xa5 is an integer between 1 and 10, R 201 ~R 204 and Q 201 are, independently of each other, at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 60 a carbocyclic group, or at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 is a heterocyclic group, R 201 and R 202 is optionally a single bond, at least one R 10a a C1-C5 alkylene group substituted or unsubstituted with at least one R 10a are linked to each other via a C2-C5 alkenylene group substituted or unsubstituted by at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C8-C 60 Polycyclic groups (e.g., carbazole groups) can be formed (see, for example, compound HT16 below), R 203 and R 204is optionally a single bond, at least one R 10a a C1-C5 alkylene group substituted or unsubstituted with at least one R 10a are linked to each other via a C2-C5 alkenylene group substituted or unsubstituted by at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C8-C 60 can form polycyclic groups, na1 is one of integers 1 to 4.

[0061] For example, each of chemical formulas 201 and 202 may include at least one of groups represented by the following chemical formulas CY201 to CY217: [ka] [ka]

[0062] In chemical formulas CY201 to CY217, R 10b and R 10c The explanations regarding R 10a Please refer to the explanation regarding the CY 201 ~Kan CY 204 are independent of each other, C3-C 20 Carbocyclic group or C1-C 20 In formulas CY201-CY217, at least one hydrogen atom is selected from the group consisting of R 10a is replaced or not replaced by.

[0063] According to one embodiment, in the formulas CY201 to CY217, the ring CY 201 ~Kan CY 204 may be, independently of each other, a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a phenanthrene group, or an anthracene group.

[0064] According to other embodiments, each of formulas 201 and 202 may include at least one of the groups represented by formulas CY201-CY203.

[0065] According to yet another embodiment, formula 201 may include at least one of groups represented by formulas CY201-CY203 and at least one of groups represented by formulas CY204-CY217, respectively.

[0066] According to yet another embodiment, in formula 201, xa1 is 1 and R 201 is a group represented by one of the chemical formulas CY201 to CY203, xa2 is 0, and R 202 may be a group represented by one of chemical formulas CY204 to CY207.

[0067] According to still other embodiments, each of chemical formulas 201 and 202 may not include groups represented by chemical formulas CY201-CY203.

[0068] According to still other embodiments, each of chemical formulas 201 and 202 may not include any of the groups represented by chemical formulas CY201 to CY203, but may include at least one of the groups represented by chemical formulas CY204 to CY217.

[0069] As yet another example, each of chemical formulas 201 and 202 may not include groups represented by chemical formulas CY201 to CY217.

[0070] For example, the hole transport region may include one of the following compounds HT1-HT46, m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB (NPD), β-NPB, TPD, Spiro-TPD, Spiro-NPB, methylated NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI / DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS), polyaniline / camphorsulfonic acid (PANI / CSA), polyaniline / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI / PSS), poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-N-(4-sec-butylphenyl)-diphenylamine (TFB), or any combination thereof: [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka]

[0071] The thickness of the hole transport region is about 5 nm to about 1,000 nm, for example, about 10 nm to about 400 nm. When the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, or any combination thereof, the thickness of the hole injection layer is about 10 nm to about 900 nm, for example, about 10 nm to about 100 nm, and the thickness of the hole transport layer is about 5 nm to about 200 nm, for example, about 10 nm to about 150 nm. When the thicknesses of the hole transport region, hole injection layer, and hole transport layer satisfy the above-mentioned ranges, the desired hole transport characteristics can be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

[0072] The light-emitting auxiliary layer is a layer that compensates for the optical resonance distance depending on the wavelength of light emitted from the light-emitting layer to increase light emission efficiency, and the electron-blocking layer is a layer that prevents electron leakage from the light-emitting layer to the hole-transporting region. The materials contained in the hole-transporting region are also contained in the light-emitting auxiliary layer and the electron-blocking layer.

[0073] [p-type dopant] In addition to the materials described above, the hole transport region may also contain a charge generating material to enhance conductivity. The charge generating material may be dispersed uniformly or non-uniformly within the hole transport region (e.g., in the form of a single layer of the charge generating material).

[0074] The charge generating material is, for example, a p-type dopant.

[0075] For example, the LUMO energy level of a p-type dopant is −3.5 eV or less.

[0076] According to an embodiment, the p-type dopant may include a quinone derivative, a cyano group-containing compound, an element EL1 and an element EL2-containing compound, or any combination thereof.

[0077] Examples of quinone derivatives include TCNQ, F4-TCNQ, and the like.

[0078] Examples of the cyano group-containing compound include HAT-CN and the compound represented by the following chemical formula 221. [ka] [Chemical formula 221] [ka]

[0079] In chemical formula 221, R 221 ~R 223 are, independently of each other, at least one R 10aSubstituted or unsubstituted C3-C 60 a carbocyclic group, or at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 is a heterocyclic group, R 221 ~R 223 at least one of which is independently a cyano group; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; C-C substituted with a cyano group, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, or any combination thereof 20 C3-C substituted with alkyl groups; or any combination thereof; 60 Carbocyclic group or C1-C 60 It is a heterocyclic group.

[0080] In the compound containing the element EL1 and the element EL2, the element EL1 is a metal, a metalloid, or a combination thereof, and the element EL2 is a non-metal, a metalloid, or a combination thereof.

[0081] Examples of metals include alkali metals (e.g., lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), etc.); alkaline earth metals (e.g., beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), etc.); transition metals (e.g., titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), technetium (Tc), rhenium (Re), iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), cobalt (Cs), and the like. Copper (Co), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), etc.; post-transition metals (e.g., zinc (Zn), indium (In), tin (Sn), etc.); lanthanide metals (e.g., lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), ruthenium (Lu), etc.); and the like.

[0082] Examples of semimetals include silicon (Si), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te), and the like.

[0083] Examples of non-metals include oxygen (O), halogens (eg, F, Cl, Br, I, etc.), and the like.

[0084] For example, the compound containing element EL1 and element EL2 includes a metal oxide, a metal halide (e.g., a metal fluoride, a metal chloride, a metal bromide, a metal iodide, etc.), a metalloid halide (e.g., a metalloid fluoride, a metalloid chloride, a metalloid bromide, a metalloid iodide, etc.), a metal telluride, or any combination thereof.

[0085] Examples of metal oxides include tungsten oxides (e.g., WO, W2O3, WO2, WO3, W2O5, etc.), vanadium oxides (e.g., VO, VO2, VO2O5, etc.), molybdenum oxides (MoO, Mo2O3, MoO2, MoO3, Mo2O5, etc.), rhenium oxides (e.g., ReO3, etc.), and the like.

[0086] Examples of metal halides include alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, transition metal halides, post-transition metal halides, lanthanide metal halides, and the like.

[0087] Examples of alkali metal halides include LiF, NaF, KF, RbF, CsF, LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, LiBr, NaBr, KBr, RbBr, CsBr, LiI, NaI, KI, RbI, CsI, and the like.

[0088] Examples of alkaline earth metal halides include BeF2, MgF2, CaF2, SrF2, BaF2, BeCl2, MgCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2, BaCl2, BeBr2, MgBr2, CaBr2, SrBr2, BaBr2, BeI2, MgI2, CaI2, SrI2, BaI2, and the like.

[0089] Examples of transition metal halides include titanium halides (e.g., TiF4, TiCl4, TiBr4, TiI4, etc.), zirconium halides (e.g., ZrF4, ZrCl4, ZrBr4, ZrI4, etc.), hafnium halides (e.g., HfF4, HfCl4, HfBr4, HfI4, etc.), vanadium halides (e.g., VF3, VCl3, VBr3, VI3, etc.), niobium halides (e.g., NbF3, NbCl3, NbBr3, NbI3, etc.), tantalum halides (e.g., TaF3, TaCl3, TaBr3, TaI3, etc.), chromium halides (e.g., CrF3, CrCl3, CrBr3, CrI3, etc.), molybdenum halides (e.g., MoF3, MoCl3, MoBr3, MoI3, etc.), tungsten halides (e.g., WF3, WCl3, WBr3, WI3, etc.), manganese halides (e.g., MnF2, MnCl2, MnBr2, MnI2, etc.), technetium halides (e.g., TcF2, TcCl2, TcBr2, TcI2, etc.), rhenium halides (e.g., ReF2, ReCl2 , ReBr2, ReI2, etc.), iron halides (e.g., FeF2, FeCl2, FeBr2, FeI2, etc.), ruthenium halides (e.g., RuF2, RuCl2, RuBr2, RuI2, etc.), osmium halides (e.g., OsF2, OsCl2, OsBr2, OsI2, etc.), cobalt halides (e.g., CoF2, CoCl2, CoBr2, CoI2, etc.), rhodium halides (e.g., RhF2, RhCl2, RhBr2, RhI2, etc.), iridium halides (e.g., IrF2, IrCl 2, IrBr2, IrI2, etc.), nickel halides (e.g., NiF2, NiCl2, NiBr2, NiI2, etc.), palladium halides (e.g., PdF2, PdCl2, PdBr2, PdI2, etc.), platinum halides (e.g., PtF2, PtCl2, PtBr2, PtI2, etc.), copper halides (e.g., CuF, CuCl, CuBr, CuI, etc.), silver halides (e.g., AgF, AgCl, AgBr, AgI, etc.), gold halides (e.g., AuF, AuCl, AuBr, AuI, etc.), and the like.

[0090] Examples of post-transition metal halides include zinc halides (e.g., ZnF2, ZnCl2, ZnBr2, ZnI2, etc.), indium halides (e.g., InI3, etc.), tin halides (e.g., SnI2, etc.), and the like.

[0091] Examples of lanthanide metal halides include YbF, YbF2, YbF3, SmF3, YbCl, YbCl2, YbCl3, SmCl3, YbBr, YbBr2, YbBr3, SmBr3, YbI, YbI2, YbI3, SmI3, and the like.

[0092] Examples of metalloid halides include antimony halides (e.g., SbCl5, etc.).

[0093] Examples of metal tellurides include alkali metal tellurides (e.g., Li2Te, Na2Te, K2Te, Rb2Te, Cs2Te, etc.), alkaline earth metal tellurides (e.g., BeTe, MgTe, CaTe, SrTe, BaTe, etc.), transition metal tellurides (e.g., TiTe2, ZrTe2, HfTe2, V2Te3, Nb2Te3, Ta2Te3, Cr2Te3, Mo2Te3, W2Te3, MnTe, TcTe, ReTe, Fe Te, RuTe, OsTe, CoTe, RhTe, IrTe, NiTe, PdTe, PtTe, CuTe, CuTe, AgTe, AgTe, AuTe, etc.), post-transition metal tellurides (e.g., ZnTe, etc.), lanthanide metal tellurides (e.g., LaTe, CeTe, PrTe, NdTe, PmTe, EuTe, GdTe, TbTe, DyTe, HoTe, ErTe, TmTe, YbTe, LuTe, etc.), and the like.

[0094] [Light-emitting layer in intermediate layer 130] When the light emitting device 10 is a full-color light emitting device, the light emitting layer may be patterned into a red light emitting layer, a green light emitting layer, and / or a blue light emitting layer for each subpixel. Alternatively, the light emitting layer may have a structure in which two or more layers selected from the red light emitting layer, the green light emitting layer, and the blue light emitting layer are stacked in contact with or spaced apart from each other, or a structure in which two or more materials selected from the red light emitting material, the green light emitting material, and the blue light emitting material are mixed without layer division, thereby emitting white light.

[0095] The thickness of the light-emitting layer is about 10 nm to about 100 nm, for example, about 20 nm to about 60 nm. When the thickness of the light-emitting layer satisfies the above range, excellent light-emitting properties can be exhibited without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

[0096] [Quantum dots] The light-emitting layer may include quantum dots.

[0097] As used herein, quantum dots refer to crystals of semiconductor compounds and include any material that can emit light of various emission wavelengths depending on the size of the crystals.

[0098] The diameter of the quantum dots is, for example, about 1 nm to 10 nm.

[0099] Quantum dots are synthesized by wet chemical processes, metalorganic chemical vapor deposition processes, molecular beam epitaxy processes, or similar processes.

[0100] The wet chemical process is a method of growing quantum dot particle crystals after mixing an organic solvent with a precursor material. As the crystals grow, the organic solvent naturally acts as a dispersant that coordinates with the surface of the quantum dot crystals and regulates their growth. This makes it easier to control the growth of quantum dot particles through a low-cost process than gas phase deposition methods such as metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE).

[0101] In this embodiment, the quantum dots may comprise a II-VI semiconductor compound.

[0102] Examples of II-VI semiconductor compounds include binary compounds such as CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, MgS; ternary compounds such as CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe, MgZnS; quaternary compounds such as CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe, HgZnSTe; or any combination thereof.

[0103] Each element contained in multi-element compounds, such as binary, ternary and quaternary compounds, may be present in the grains in a uniform or non-uniform concentration.

[0104] Meanwhile, quantum dots can have a single structure in which the concentration of each element contained in the quantum dot is uniform, or a core-shell double structure, where the materials contained in the core and the shell are different from each other.

[0105] The shell of a quantum dot can serve as a protective layer to prevent chemical modification of the core and maintain its semiconducting properties, and / or to enhance luminescence efficiency and stability. The shell can be a single layer or multiple layers. The interface between the core and shell can have a concentration gradient, where the concentration of elements present in the shell decreases toward the center.

[0106] Examples of quantum dot shells include metal, semimetal, or nonmetal oxides, semiconductor compounds, or combinations thereof. Examples of metal, semimetal, or nonmetal oxides include binary compounds such as SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CoO, Co3O4, and NiO; ternary compounds such as MgAl2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, and CoMn2O4; or any combination thereof. Examples of semiconductor compounds include II-VI semiconductor compounds, III-V semiconductor compounds, III-VI semiconductor compounds, I-III-VI semiconductor compounds, IV-VI semiconductor compounds, or any combination thereof, as described herein. For example, the semiconductor compound may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnTeS, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP, AlSb, or any combination thereof.

[0107] The quantum dots may have an emission wavelength spectrum full width at half maximum (FWHM) of about 45 nm or less, specifically about 40 nm or less, and more specifically about 30 nm or less, which can improve color purity and color reproducibility. Furthermore, light emitted through such quantum dots is emitted in all directions, thereby improving a wide viewing angle.

[0108] Quantum dots may be in the form of spherical particles, pyramidal particles, multi-arm particles, cubic nanoparticles, nanotube particles, nanowire particles, nanofiber particles, nanoplate particles, etc.

[0109] Since the energy band gap can be adjusted by adjusting the size of the quantum dots, light of various wavelength bands can be obtained from the quantum dot light-emitting layer. Therefore, by using quantum dots of different sizes, a light-emitting device that emits light of various wavelengths can be realized. Specifically, the size of the quantum dots may be selected to emit red light, green light, and / or blue light. Furthermore, the size of the quantum dots may be configured to combine light of various colors to emit white light.

[0110] [Electron transport region in intermediate layer 130] The electron transport region may include an electron transport layer including metal oxide nanoparticles and a polymer formed by cross-linking organic ligands represented by Chemical Formula 1, as described above.

[0111] The electron transport region can have i) a single layer structure consisting of a single layer of a single material, ii) a single layer structure consisting of a single layer containing multiple different materials, or iii) a multilayer structure including multiple layers containing multiple different materials.

[0112] The thickness of the electron transport region is about 10 nm to about 100 nm, for example, about 15 nm to about 100 nm, for example, about 20 nm to about 50 nm.

[0113] The electron transport region may include an electron injection layer that facilitates injection of electrons from second electrode 150. The electron injection layer may be in direct contact with second electrode 150. The electron injection layer may be composed of, for example, nanoparticles of a metal oxide different from the metal oxide of the electron transport layer.

[0114] The thickness of the electron injection layer is about 0.1 nm to about 10 nm, or about 0.3 nm to about 9 nm. When the thickness of the electron injection layer satisfies the above-mentioned range, the required electron injection characteristics can be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

[0115] [Second electrode 150] The second electrode 150 is disposed on the intermediate layer 130. The second electrode 150 may be a cathode, which is an electron injection electrode. In this case, the material for the second electrode 150 may be a metal, alloy, electrically conductive compound, or any combination thereof, each having a low work function.

[0116] The second electrode 150 may include lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), ytterbium (Yb), silver-ytterbium (Ag-Yb), ITO, IZO, or any combination thereof. The second electrode 150 may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode.

[0117] The second electrode 150 may have a single layer structure, which is a single layer, or a multi-layer structure having multiple layers.

[0118] [Capping layer] A first capping layer is disposed on the outer side of the first electrode 110, and / or a second capping layer is disposed on the outer side of the second electrode 150. Specifically, the light emitting device 10 may have a structure in which the first capping layer, the first electrode 110, the intermediate layer 130, and the second electrode 150 are stacked in this order, a structure in which the first electrode 110, the intermediate layer 130, the second electrode 150, and the second capping layer are stacked in this order, or a structure in which the first capping layer, the first electrode 110, the intermediate layer 130, the second electrode 150, and the second capping layer are stacked in this order.

[0119] Light generated in the light-emitting layer in the intermediate layer 130 of the light-emitting element 10 is extracted to the outside through the first electrode 110, which is a semi-transparent electrode or a transparent electrode, and the first capping layer, and light generated in the light-emitting layer in the intermediate layer 130 of the light-emitting element 10 is extracted to the outside through the second electrode 150, which is a semi-transparent electrode or a transparent electrode, and the second capping layer.

[0120] The first and second capping layers may improve the external light emitting efficiency due to the principle of constructive interference, thereby improving the light extraction efficiency of the light emitting device 10 and the light emitting efficiency of the light emitting device 10.

[0121] Each of the first and second capping layers includes a material having a refractive index (at 589 nm) of 1.6 or greater.

[0122] The first capping layer and the second capping layer are, independently of each other, an organic capping layer containing an organic material, an inorganic capping layer containing an inorganic material, or an organic-inorganic composite capping layer containing an organic material and an inorganic material.

[0123] At least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer independently comprises a carbocyclic compound, a heterocyclic compound, an amine group-containing compound, a porphine derivative, a phthalocyanine derivative, a naphthalocyanine derivative, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, or any combination thereof. The carbocyclic compound, heterocyclic compound, and amine group-containing compound are optionally substituted with a substituent including O, N, S, Se, Si, F, Cl, Br, I, or any combination thereof. According to one embodiment, at least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer independently comprises an amino group-containing compound.

[0124] For example, at least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer may independently comprise a compound represented by Formula 201, a compound represented by Formula 202, or any combination thereof.

[0125] According to yet other embodiments, at least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer may comprise, independently of one another, one of compounds HT28-HT33, one of compounds CP1-CP6 below, β-NPB, or any of these compounds: [ka] [ka] [ka]

[0126] [Electronic equipment] Light-emitting elements are included in various electronic devices, such as a light-emitting device and an authentication device.

[0127] An electronic device (e.g., a light-emitting device) may further include, in addition to a light-emitting element, i) a color filter, ii) a color conversion layer, or iii) a color filter and a color conversion layer. The color filter and / or the color conversion layer may be disposed in at least one direction of travel of light emitted from the light-emitting element. For example, the light emitted from the light-emitting element may be blue light, green light, or white light. See above for a description of the light-emitting element. According to one embodiment, the color conversion layer may include quantum dots.

[0128] The electronic device includes a first substrate including a plurality of sub-pixel regions, a color filter including a plurality of color filter regions corresponding to the plurality of sub-pixel regions, and a color conversion layer including a plurality of color conversion regions corresponding to the plurality of sub-pixel regions.

[0129] A pixel defining film is disposed between the plurality of sub-pixel regions to define each of the sub-pixel regions.

[0130] The color filter may further include a plurality of color filter regions and a light-shielding pattern arranged between the plurality of color filter regions, and the color conversion layer may further include a plurality of color conversion regions and a light-shielding pattern arranged between the plurality of color conversion regions.

[0131] The color filter regions (or color conversion regions) may include a first region emitting a first color light, a second region emitting a second color light, and / or a third region emitting a third color light, where the first color light, the second color light, and / or the third color light may have different maximum emission wavelengths. For example, the first color light may be red light, the second color light may be green light, and the third color light may be blue light. For example, the color filter regions (or color conversion regions) may include quantum dots. Specifically, the first region may include red quantum dots, the second region may include green quantum dots, and the third region may not include quantum dots. For details regarding quantum dots, please refer to the description herein. The first region, the second region, and / or the third region may each further include a scatterer.

[0132] For example, the light-emitting element may emit a first light, the first region may absorb the first light and emit a first-1 color light, the second region may absorb the first light and emit a second-1 color light, and the third region may absorb the first light and emit a third-1 color light. In this case, the first-1 color light, the second-1 color light, and the third-1 color light may have different maximum emission wavelengths. Specifically, the first light may be blue light, the first-1 color light may be red light, the second-1 color light may be green light, and the third-1 color light may be blue light.

[0133] The electronic device may further include a thin film transistor in addition to the light emitting element as described above. The thin film transistor may include a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an active layer, and one of the source electrode and the drain electrode may be electrically connected to one of the first electrode and the second electrode of the light emitting element.

[0134] The thin film transistor may further include a gate electrode, a gate insulating film, and the like.

[0135] The active layer includes crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, an organic semiconductor, an oxide semiconductor, or the like.

[0136] The electronic device may further include a sealing part that seals the light-emitting element. The sealing part is disposed between the color filter and / or color conversion layer and the light-emitting element. The sealing part allows light from the light-emitting element to be extracted to the outside while simultaneously blocking the penetration of outside air and moisture into the light-emitting element. The sealing part may be a sealing substrate including a transparent glass substrate or a plastic substrate. The sealing part may be a thin-film sealing layer including one or more organic and / or inorganic layers. When the sealing part is a thin-film sealing layer, the electronic device is flexible.

[0137] In addition to the color filter and / or color conversion layer, various functional layers may be further disposed on the sealing part depending on the application of the electronic device. Examples of the functional layer include a touchscreen layer, a polarizing layer, etc. The touchscreen layer may be a decompression type touchscreen layer, an electrostatic type touchscreen layer, or an infrared type touchscreen layer. The authentication device may be, for example, a biometric authentication device that authenticates an individual using biometric information (e.g., fingertip, pupil, etc.).

[0138] The authentication device may further include a biometric information collecting means in addition to the light emitting element as described above.

[0139] Electronic devices can be applied to various displays, light sources, lighting, personal computers (e.g., mobile personal computers), mobile phones, digital cameras, electronic organizers, electronic dictionaries, electronic game consoles, medical equipment (e.g., electronic thermometers, blood pressure monitors, blood glucose meters, pulse measuring devices, pulse wave measuring devices, electrocardiogram display devices, ultrasound diagnostic devices, and endoscopic display devices), fish finders, various measuring instruments, gauges (e.g., gauges for vehicles, aircraft, and ships), projectors, and the like.

[0140] [Electronic equipment] Light-emitting elements are included in various electronic devices.

[0141] For example, the electronic device including the light emitting element is one of a flat panel display, a curved display, a computer monitor, a medical monitor, a television, a billboard, an interior or exterior lighting and / or signaling light, a head-up display, a fully or partially transparent display, a flexible display, a rollable display, a foldable display, a stretchable display, a laser printer, a telephone, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a phablet, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wearable device, a laptop computer, a digital camera, a camcorder, a viewfinder, a microdisplay, a 3D display, a virtual reality or augmented reality display, a vehicle, a video wall including tiled multiple displays, a theater or stadium screen, a phototherapy device, and a sign.

[0142] Since the light-emitting element has excellent light-emitting efficiency, long life, and the like, electronic devices including the light-emitting element can have characteristics such as high brightness, high resolution, and low power consumption.

[0143] [Explanation regarding Figures 2 and 3] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a schematic structure of a light emitting device in an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0144] The light emitting device of FIG. 2 includes a substrate 100, a thin film transistor (TFT), a light emitting element, and an encapsulation part 300 that seals the light emitting element.

[0145] The substrate 100 may be a flexible substrate, a glass substrate, or a metal substrate. A buffer layer 210 may be disposed on the substrate 100. The buffer layer 210 may serve to prevent impurities from penetrating through the substrate 100 and to provide a flat surface on the top of the substrate 100.

[0146] A thin film transistor (TFT) may be disposed on the buffer layer 210. The thin film transistor (TFT) includes an active layer 220, a gate electrode 240, a source electrode 260, and a drain electrode 270.

[0147] The active layer 220 includes an inorganic semiconductor, such as silicon or polysilicon, an organic semiconductor, or an oxide semiconductor, and includes a source region, a drain region, and a channel region.

[0148] A gate insulating film 230 for insulating the active layer 220 from the gate electrode 240 may be disposed on top of the active layer 220 , and the gate electrode 240 may be disposed on top of the gate insulating film 230 .

[0149] An interlayer insulating film 250 may be disposed on the gate electrode 240. The interlayer insulating film 250 is disposed between the gate electrode 240 and the source electrode 260, and between the gate electrode 240 and the drain electrode 270, and serves to insulate them.

[0150] A source electrode 260 and a drain electrode 270 may be disposed on the interlayer insulating film 250. The interlayer insulating film 250 and the gate insulating film 230 may be formed so that the source region and the drain region of the active layer 220 are exposed, and the source electrode 260 and the drain electrode 270 may be disposed so as to contact the exposed source region and the drain region of the active layer 220.

[0151] The thin film transistor (TFT) is electrically connected to the light emitting element to drive the light emitting element, and is covered and protected by a passivation layer 280. The passivation layer 280 includes an inorganic insulating film, an organic insulating film, or a combination thereof. The light emitting element is provided on the passivation layer 280. The light emitting element includes a first electrode 110, an intermediate layer 130, and a second electrode 150.

[0152] The first electrode 110 may be disposed on the passivation layer 280. The passivation layer 280 may be disposed so as to expose a predetermined region of the drain electrode 270 without covering the entirety of the drain electrode 270, and the first electrode 110 may be disposed so as to be connected to the exposed drain electrode 270.

[0153] A pixel defining layer 290 including an insulator may be disposed on the first electrode 110. The pixel defining layer 290 may expose a predetermined region of the first electrode 110, and the intermediate layer 130 may be formed in the exposed region. The pixel defining layer 290 may be a polyimide or polyacrylic organic film. Although not shown in FIG. 2 , some or more layers of the intermediate layer 130 may extend onto the pixel defining layer 290 and be disposed in the form of a common layer.

[0154] The second electrode 150 is disposed on the intermediate layer 130, and a second capping layer 170 may be further formed on the second electrode 150. The second capping layer 170 is formed to cover the second electrode 150.

[0155] An encapsulant 300 may be disposed on the second capping layer 170. The encapsulant 300 is disposed on the light-emitting element and serves to protect the light-emitting element from moisture and oxygen. The encapsulant 300 may include an inorganic film including silicon nitride (SiNx), silicon oxide (SiOx), indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, or any combination thereof; an organic film including polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylene sulfonate, polyoxymethylene, polyarylate, hexamethyldisiloxane, an acrylic resin (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid, etc.), an epoxy resin (e.g., aliphatic glycidyl ether (AGE), etc.), or any combination thereof; or a combination of an inorganic film and an organic film.

[0156] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a schematic structure of a light emitting device in an electronic device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0157] The light emitting device of Fig. 3 is similar to the light emitting device of Fig. 2 except that a light-blocking pattern 500 and a functional region 400 are further disposed on top of the encapsulation unit 300. The functional region 400 is i) a color filter region, ii) a color conversion region, or iii) a combination of a color filter region and a color conversion region. According to an embodiment, the light emitting element included in the light emitting device of Fig. 3 may be a tandem light emitting element.

[0158] [Explanation regarding Figure 4] 4 is a diagram schematically illustrating an electronic device 1 including a light-emitting device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The electronic device 1 may be a device for displaying moving or still images, such as a mobile phone, smartphone, tablet PC (personal computer), mobile communication terminal, electronic organizer, e-book, PMP (portable multimedia player), navigation system, or UMPC (ultra mobile PC), or may be a part of various products such as a television, laptop, monitor, billboard, or internet of things (IoT). The electronic device 1 may also be a wearable device such as a smartwatch, watchphone, eyeglass display, or head-mounted display (HMD), or may be a part of such a wearable device. Of course, the present invention is not limited to these. For example, the electronic device 1 may be a CID (Center Information Display) located on an automobile's instrument panel, center fascia, or dashboard, a rearview mirror display that replaces an automobile's side mirror, a rear-seat entertainment system for an automobile or a display located on the back of the front seat, a head-up display (HUD) installed in front of a vehicle or projected onto the windshield, or a computer-generated hologram augmented reality head-up display (CGH AR HUD). For convenience of explanation, FIG. 4 illustrates a case where the electronic device 1 is a smartphone.

[0159] The electronic device 1 includes a display area DA and a non-display area NDA outside the display area DA. The display device can display an image through an array of a plurality of pixels arranged two-dimensionally in the display area DA.

[0160] The non-display area NDA is an area where an image is not displayed and may entirely surround the display area DA. Drivers for providing electrical signals and power to display elements arranged in the display area DA may be arranged in the non-display area NDA. Pads, which are areas to which electronic elements, printed circuit boards, etc. can be electrically connected, may be arranged in the non-display area NDA.

[0161] The length of the electronic device 1 in the x-axis direction is different from the length in the y-axis direction. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the length in the x-axis direction is shorter than the length in the y-axis direction. In another example, the length in the x-axis direction is the same as the length in the y-axis direction. In yet another example, the length in the x-axis direction is longer than the length in the y-axis direction.

[0162] [Explanation regarding FIG. 5 and FIG. 6A to FIG. 6C] 5 is a view schematically illustrating the exterior of a vehicle 1000 as an electronic device including a light emitting device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 6A to 6C are views schematically illustrating the interior of a vehicle 1000 according to various embodiments of the present invention.

[0163] 5, 6A, 6B, and 6C, vehicle 1000 refers to various devices that move objects such as people, goods, or animals from an origin to a destination. Vehicle 1000 includes vehicles that travel on roads or railroads, ships that travel on seas or rivers, and airplanes that fly in the sky using the air.

[0164] The vehicle 1000 can travel on roads or railroad tracks. The vehicle 1000 can move in a predetermined direction by rotating at least one wheel. For example, the vehicle 1000 includes a three-wheeled or four-wheeled automobile, a construction machine, a two-wheeled automobile, a motor vehicle, a bicycle, and a train that travels on railroad tracks.

[0165] The vehicle 1000 includes a body having an interior and exterior, and a chassis on which the mechanical devices necessary for driving are installed, which is the remaining part of the vehicle excluding the body. The exterior of the body includes a front panel, hood, roof panel, rear panel, trunk, and fillers provided at the boundaries between the doors. The chassis of the vehicle 1000 includes a power generating unit, a power transmission unit, a running unit, a steering unit, a braking unit, a suspension unit, a transmission, a fuel system, front and rear wheels, left and right wheels, etc.

[0166] The vehicle 1000 includes a side window glass 1100, a front window glass 1200, side mirrors 1300, a cluster 1400, a center fascia 1500, a passenger dashboard 1600, and a display device 2.

[0167] The side window glass 1100 and the front window glass 1200 are separated by a filler disposed between the side window glass 1100 and the front window glass 1200 .

[0168] The side window glass 1100 may be installed on a side of the vehicle 1000. In one embodiment, the side window glass 1100 is installed in a door of the vehicle 1000. A plurality of side window glasses 1100 are provided, and they face each other. In one embodiment, the side window glass 1100 includes a first side window glass 1110 and a second side window glass 1120. In one embodiment, the first side window glass 1110 is disposed adjacent to the cluster 1400. The second side window glass 1120 is disposed adjacent to the passenger dashboard 1600.

[0169] In one embodiment, the side window glasses 1100 may be spaced apart from each other in the x direction or the -x direction. For example, the first side window glass 1110 and the second side window glass 1120 may be spaced apart from each other in the x direction or the -x direction. That is, an imaginary line L connecting the side window glasses 1100 extends in the x direction or the -x direction. For example, the imaginary line L connecting the first side window glass 1110 and the second side window glass 1120 extends in the x direction or the -x direction.

[0170] The front windshield glass 1200 may be installed at the front of the vehicle 1000. The front windshield glass 1200 may be disposed between the side windshield glasses 1100 that face each other.

[0171] The side mirror 1300 can provide a field of view behind the vehicle 1000. The side mirror 1300 may be installed on the exterior of the vehicle body. According to one embodiment, a plurality of side mirrors 1300 are provided. One of the plurality of side mirrors 1300 is disposed on the outside of the first side window glass 1110. Another of the plurality of side mirrors 1300 is disposed on the outside of the second side window glass 1120.

[0172] Cluster 1400 is located in front of the steering wheel and includes a tachometer, a speedometer, a coolant temperature gauge, a fuel gauge, a turn signal, an up indicator light, a warning light, a seat belt warning light, an odometer, a odometer, an automatic transmission selector lever indicator light, a door ajar warning light, an engine oil warning light, and / or a low fuel warning light.

[0173] The center fascia 1500 includes a control panel on which a plurality of buttons for adjusting the audio system, the air conditioning system, and the seat heaters are arranged. The center fascia 1500 is disposed on one side of the cluster 1400.

[0174] Passenger dashboard 1600 may be separated from cluster 1400 by center fascia 1500. In one embodiment, cluster 1400 is positioned corresponding to the driver's seat (not shown), and passenger dashboard 1600 is positioned corresponding to the passenger seat (not shown). In one embodiment, cluster 1400 is adjacent to first side window glass 1110, and passenger dashboard 1600 is adjacent to second side window glass 1120.

[0175] In one embodiment, the display device 2 includes a display panel 3, and the display panel 3 is capable of displaying an image. The display device 2 may be disposed inside the vehicle 1000. In one embodiment, the display device 2 is disposed between opposing side window glasses 1100. The display device 2 is disposed in at least one of the cluster 1400, the center fascia 1500, and the passenger dashboard 1600.

[0176] The display device 2 includes an organic light emitting display, an inorganic light emitting display, a quantum dot display, etc. Hereinafter, an organic light emitting display including a light emitting element according to the present invention will be described as an example of the display device 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention, but various types of display devices as described above can be used in embodiments of the present invention.

[0177] 6A, display device 2 may be located on center fascia 1500. In one embodiment, display device 2 may display navigation information. In one embodiment, display device 2 may display information related to audio, video, or vehicle settings.

[0178] Referring to FIG. 6B, the display device 2 may be disposed in a cluster 1400. In this case, the cluster 1400 may display driving information, etc., using the display device 2. That is, the cluster 1400 may be implemented in a digital format. The digital cluster 1400 may display vehicle information and driving information as images. For example, the needle and gauges of a tachometer and various warning light icons may be displayed using digital signals.

[0179] 6C , display device 2 may be disposed on passenger dashboard 1600. Display device 2 may be embedded in passenger dashboard 1600 or located on passenger dashboard 1600. According to one embodiment, display device 2 disposed on passenger dashboard 1600 may display an image related to the information displayed on cluster 1400 and / or the information displayed on center fascia 1500. In other embodiments, display device 2 disposed on passenger dashboard 1600 may display information different from the information displayed on cluster 1400 and / or the information displayed on center fascia 1500.

[0180] [Manufacturing method] Each layer included in the hole transport region, the light emitting layer, and the electron transport region may be formed in a predetermined region using various methods such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method, ink jet printing, laser printing, and laser induced thermal imaging (LITI) method.

[0181] When each layer included in the hole transport region, the light emitting layer, and each layer included in the electron transport region are formed by vacuum deposition, the deposition conditions are, for example, a deposition temperature of about 100° C. to about 500° C., a deposition temperature of about 10 -8 torr ~ approx. 10 -3The degree of vacuum of torr and the deposition rate range of about 0.001 nm / sec to about 10 nm / sec can be selected taking into consideration the material contained in the layer to be formed and the structure of the layer to be formed.

[0182] [Term definition] As used herein, C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group means a ring group having 3 to 60 carbon atoms and consisting only of carbon atoms as ring atoms, and includes C1-C 60 The heterocyclic group means a ring group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms and containing a heteroatom as a ring-forming atom in addition to carbon. 60 Carbocyclic groups and C1-C 60 Each heterocyclic group may be a monocyclic group consisting of one ring, or a polycyclic group in which two or more rings are fused together. For example, C1-C 60 The heterocyclic group has 3 to 61 ring atoms.

[0183] As used herein, a ring group is defined as a C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and C1-C 60 All heterocyclic groups are included.

[0184] In this specification, π-electron-rich C3-C 60 The cyclic group means a cyclic group having 3 to 60 carbon atoms that does not contain *-N=*' as a ring-forming moiety, and is a π-electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 The heterocyclic group means a heterocyclic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms and containing *-N=*' as a ring-forming moiety.

[0185] for example, C3-C 60The carbocyclic group is i) a group T1, or ii) a fused ring group in which two or more groups T1 are fused to each other (e.g., a cyclopentadiene group, an adamantane group, a norbornane group, a benzene group, a pentalene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthylene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, a heptalene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a hexacene group, a pentacene group, a rubicene group, a coronene group, an ovalene group, an indene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, an indenophenanthrene group, or an indenoanthracene group), C1-C 60The heterocyclic group is i) a group T2, ii) a fused ring group in which two or more groups T2 are fused to each other, or iii) a fused ring group in which one or more groups T2 and one or more groups T1 are fused to each other (for example, a pyrrole group, a thiophene group, a furan group, an indole group, a benzoindole group, a naphthoindole group, an isoindole group, a benzisoindole group, a naphthoindole group, a benzosilole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzofuran group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzofuran group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, a benzosilolocarbazole group, a benzoindolocarbazole group, a benzocarbazole group, a benzonaphthofuran group, a benzonaphthothiophene group, a benzonaphthosilole group, a benzofurodibenzofuran group, a benzofurodibenzothiophene group, a benzothienodibenzothiophene group, group, pyrazole group, imidazole group, triazole group, oxazole group, isoxazole group, oxadiazole group, thiazole group, isothiazole group, thiadiazole group, benzopyrazole group, benzimidazole group, benzoxazole group, benzisoxazole group, benzothiazole group, benzisothiazole group, pyridine group, pyrimidine group, pyrazine group, pyridazine group, triazine group, quinoline group, isoquinoline group, benzoxazole group, azadibenzosilole group, azadibenzothiophene group, azadibenzofuran group, etc.), π-electron-rich C3-C 60 The ring group may be i) a group T1, ii) a fused ring group in which two or more groups T1 are fused to each other, iii) a group T3, iv) a fused ring group in which two or more groups T3 are fused to each other, or v) a fused ring group in which one or more groups T3 and one or more groups T1 are fused to each other (e.g., C3-C 60carbocyclic group, 1H-pyrrole group, silole group, borole group, 2H-pyrrole group, 3H-pyrrole group, thiophene group, furan group, indole group, benzoindole group, naphthoindole group, isoindole group, benzisoindole group, naphthoisoindole group, benzosilole group, benzothiophene group, benzofuran group, carbazole group, dibenzosilole group, dibenzothiophene group, dibenzofuran group, indenocarbazole group, indolocarbazole group, benzofurocarbazole group, benzothienocarbazole group, benzosilolocarbazole group, benzoindolocarbazole group, benzocarbazole group, benzonaphthofuran group, benzonaphthothiophene group, benzonaphthosilole group, benzofurodibenzofuran group, benzofurodibenzothiophene group, benzothienodibenzothiophene group, etc.); π-electron deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 The heterocyclic group includes i) a group T4, ii) a fused ring group in which two or more groups T4 are fused to each other, iii) a fused ring group in which one or more groups T4 and one or more groups T1 are fused to each other, iv) a fused ring group in which one or more groups T4 and one or more groups T3 are fused to each other, or v) a fused ring group in which one or more groups T4, one or more groups T1, and one or more groups T3 are fused to each other (for example, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzisoxazole group, , benzothiazole group, benzisothiazole group, pyridine group, pyrimidine group, pyrazine group, pyridazine group, triazine group, quinoline group, isoquinoline group, benzoquinoline group, benzisoquinoline group, quinoxaline group, benzoquinoxaline group, quinazoline group, benzoquinazoline group, phenanthroline group, cinnoline group, phthalazine group, naphthyridine group, imidazopyridine group, imidazopyrimidine group, imidazotriazine group, imidazopyrazine group, imidazopyridazine group, azacarbazole group, azafluorene group, azadibenzosilole group, azadibenzothiophene group, azadibenzofuran group, etc.), group T1 is a cyclopropane group, a cyclobutane group, a cyclopentane group, a cyclohexane group, a cycloheptane group, a cyclooctane group, a cyclobutene group, a cyclopentene group, a cyclopentadiene group, a cyclohexene group, a cyclohexadiene group, a cycloheptene group, an adamantane group, a norbornane (or a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane) group, a norbornene group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octane group, or a benzene group; the group T2 is a furan group, a thiophene group, a 1H-pyrrole group, a silole group, a borole group, a 2H-pyrrole group, a 3H-pyrrole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a thiadiazole group, an azasilole group, an azaborole group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a tetrazine group, a pyrrolidine group, an imidazolidine group, a dihydropyrrole group, a piperidine group, a tetrahydropyridine group, a dihydropyridine group, a hexahydropyrimidine group, a tetrahydropyrimidine group, a dihydropyrimidine group, a piperazine group, a tetrahydropyrazine group, a dihydropyrazine group, a tetrahydropyridazine group, or a dihydropyridazine group; Group T3 is a furan group, a thiophene group, a 1H-pyrrole group, a silole group, or a borole group; The group T4 is a 2H-pyrrole group, a 3H-pyrrole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a thiadiazole group, an azasilole group, an azaborole group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, or a tetrazine group.

[0186] As used herein, a ring group, C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, π-electron-rich C3-C 60 Ring group or π-electron deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C 60The term heterocyclic group refers to a group fused to any ring group, a monovalent group, or a polyvalent group (e.g., a divalent group, a trivalent group, a tetravalent group, etc.) depending on the structure of the chemical formula in which the term is used. For example, a "benzene group" refers to a benzo group, a phenyl group, a phenylene group, etc., which can be easily understood by a person skilled in the art based on the structure of the chemical formula containing the "benzene group."

[0187] For example, monovalent C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and monovalent C-C 60 Examples of heterocyclic groups are C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups, C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkyl groups, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups, C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkenyl groups, C6-C 60 Aryl groups, C1-C 60 Divalent C3-C, including heteroaryl groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, and monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic groups 60 Carbocyclic groups and monovalent C-C 60 Examples of heterocyclic groups are C3-C 10 Cycloalkylene groups, C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkylene groups, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenylene group, C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkenylene group, C6-C 60 Arylene groups, C1-C 60 This includes heteroarylene groups, divalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, and substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic heterocyclic groups.

[0188] As used herein, C1-C 60The alkyl group refers to a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a neopentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a 3-pentyl group, a sec-isopentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an isohexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an isoheptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an isooctyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an isononyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decyl group, an isodecyl group, a sec-decyl group, and a tert-decyl group. As used herein, C1-C 60 The alkylene group is C1-C 60 It means a divalent group having the same structure as an alkyl group.

[0189] As used herein, C2-C 60 Alkenyl groups are C2-C 60 It means a monovalent hydrocarbon group containing one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the middle or at the end of the alkyl group, and specific examples thereof include ethenyl, propenyl, and butenyl groups. 60 The alkenylene group is C2-C 60 It means a divalent group having the same structure as an alkenyl group.

[0190] As used herein, C2-C 60 Alkynyl groups are C2-C 60 It means a monovalent hydrocarbon group containing one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds in the middle or at the end of the alkyl group, and specific examples thereof include an ethynyl group, a propynyl group, etc. In this specification, C2-C 60 The alkynylene group is C2-C 60 It means a divalent group having the same structure as an alkynyl group.

[0191] As used herein, C1-C 60 The alkoxy group is -OA. 101(where A 101 is C1-C 60 Specific examples of the alkoxy group include methoxy, ethoxy, and isopropyloxy groups.

[0192] As used herein, C3-C 10 The cycloalkyl group refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon ring group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group (or a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group), a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, and a bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group. 10 The cycloalkylene group is C3-C 10 It means a divalent group having the same structure as a cycloalkyl group.

[0193] As used herein, C1-C 10 The heterocycloalkyl group means a monovalent ring group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and further containing at least one heteroatom as a ring-forming atom in addition to carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include a 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolidinyl group, a tetrahydrofuranyl group, and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group. 10 The heterocycloalkylene group is C1-C 10 It means a divalent group having the same structure as a heterocycloalkyl group.

[0194] As used herein, C3-C 10 The cycloalkenyl group refers to a monovalent ring group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, which has at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the ring but does not have aromaticity, and specific examples thereof include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group. 10 The cycloalkenylene group is C3-C 10 It means a divalent group having the same structure as a cycloalkenyl group.

[0195] As used herein, C1-C 10 A heterocycloalkenyl group is a monovalent ring group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and containing at least one heteroatom as a ring-forming atom in addition to carbon atoms, and has at least one double bond within the ring. 10 Specific examples of heterocycloalkenyl groups include a 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl group, a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group, a 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group, and the like. 10 The heterocycloalkenylene group is a C1-C 10 It means a divalent group having the same structure as a heterocycloalkenyl group.

[0196] As used herein, C6-C 60 An aryl group means a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system containing 6 to 60 carbon atoms, C6-C 60 An arylene group refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system containing 6 to 60 carbon atoms. 60 Specific examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a heptalenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, and the like. 60 Aryl groups and C6-C 60 When the arylene group contains more than one ring, the two or more rings are fused together.

[0197] As used herein, C1-C 60 The heteroaryl group means a monovalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system containing 1 to 60 carbon atoms and containing at least one heteroatom as a ring-forming atom in addition to carbon atoms, and is C1-C 60The heteroarylene group refers to a divalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system containing 1 to 60 carbon atoms and containing at least one heteroatom as a ring-forming atom in addition to carbon atoms. 60 Specific examples of heteroaryl groups include pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoisoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzoquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzoquinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, and the like. 60 Heteroaryl groups and C1-C 60 When the heteroarylene group contains more than one ring, the two or more rings are fused together.

[0198] As used herein, a monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group refers to a monovalent group (e.g., having 8 to 60 carbon atoms) in which two or more rings are fused together, the ring atoms are carbon only, and the entire molecule is non-aromatic. Specific examples of monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups include an indenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, an indenophenanthrenyl group, and an indenoanthracenyl group. As used herein, a divalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group refers to a divalent group having the same structure as a monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group.

[0199] As used herein, a monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group refers to a monovalent group (e.g., having 1 to 60 carbon atoms) in which two or more rings are fused together and which further contains at least one heteroatom as a ring-forming atom other than carbon atoms, and in which the entire molecule is non-aromatic. Specific examples of the monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group include a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an indolyl group, a benzoindolyl group, a naphthoindolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzisoindolyl group, a naphthoisoindolyl group, a benzosilolyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azafluorenyl group, an azadibenzosilolyl group, an azadibenzothiophenyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, a pyrazolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, and a thiadiazolyl group. , benzopyrazolyl group, benzimidazolyl group, benzoxazolyl group, benzothiazolyl group, benzoxadiazolyl group, benzothiadiazolyl group, imidazopyridinyl group, imidazopyrimidinyl group, imidazotriazinyl group, imidazopyrazinyl group, imidazopyridazinyl group, indenocarbazolyl group, indolocarbazolyl group, benzofurocarbazolyl group, benzothienocarbazolyl group, benzosilolocarbazolyl group, benzoindolocarbazolyl group, benzocarbazolyl group, benzonaphthofuranyl group, benzonaphthothiophenyl group, benzonaphthosilolyl group, benzofurodibenzofuranyl group, benzofurodibenzothiophenyl group, benzothienodibenzothiophenyl group, etc. In this specification, a divalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group means a divalent group having the same structure as a monovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group.

[0200] As used herein, C6-C 60 The aryloxy group is -OA. 102 (where A 102 is C6-C 60 aryl group), and C6-C 60 The arylthio group is -SA 103 (where A 103is C6-C 60 aryl group).

[0201] As used herein, C7-C 60 The arylalkyl group is -A 104 A 105 (where A 104 is C1-C 54 is an alkylene group, and A 105 is C6-C 59 aryl group), and in this specification, C2-C 60 The heteroarylalkyl group is -A 106 A 107 (where A 106 is C1-C 59 is an alkylene group, and A 107 is C1-C 59 Heteroaryl groups are shown.

[0202] As used herein, "R 10a "teeth, deuterium (-D), -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, or nitro groups; Deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio groups, C7-C 60 Arylalkyl groups, C2-C 60 Heteroarylalkyl groups, -Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 ), -N(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), -B(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), -C(=O)(Q 11 ), -S(=O)2(Q 11 ), -P(=O)(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), or any combination thereof, substituted or unsubstituted, C1-C 60 Alkyl groups, C2-C 60Alkenyl groups, C2-C 60 Alkynyl group, or C1-C 60 alkoxy groups; Deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, C1-C 60 Alkyl groups, C2-C 60 Alkenyl groups, C2-C 60 Alkynyl groups, C1-C 60 Alkoxy groups, C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio groups, C7-C 60 Arylalkyl groups, C2-C 60 Heteroarylalkyl groups, -Si(Q 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 ), -N(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), -B(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), -C(=O)(Q 21 ), -S(=O)2(Q 21 ), -P(=O)(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), or any combination thereof, substituted or unsubstituted, C3-C 60 carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio groups, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl groups, or C2-C 60 a heteroarylalkyl group; or -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), -N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -C(=O)(Q 31 ), -S(=O)2(Q 31 ), or -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 );

[0203] In this specification, Q1 to Q3, Q 11 ~Q 13 , Q 21 ~Q 23 and Q 31 ~Q 33 are, independently of each other, hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxyl group; cyano group; nitro group; C1-C 60 Alkyl group; C2-C 60 Alkenyl group; C2-C 60 Alkynyl group; C1-C 60 Alkoxy group; or deuterium, -F, cyano group, C1-C 60 Alkyl groups, C1-C 60 C3-C substituted or unsubstituted with alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, or any combination thereof 60 carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl groups, or C2-C 60 heteroarylalkyl groups;

[0204] As used herein, heteroatom refers to any atom other than a carbon atom. Examples of heteroatoms include O, S, N, P, Si, B, Ge, Se, or any combination thereof.

[0205] As used herein, third row transition metals include hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), and gold (Au), among others.

[0206] As used herein, "Ph" means a phenyl group, "Me" means a methyl group, "Et" means an ethyl group, and "ter-Bu" or "Bu" means a phenyl group. t " means a tert-butyl group, and "OMe" means a methoxy group.

[0207] In this specification, the term "biphenyl group" means a "phenyl group substituted with a phenyl group." A "biphenyl group" is a group in which the substituent is "C6-C60 It belongs to the "substituted phenyl group" which is an "aryl group."

[0208] In this specification, the term "terphenyl group" means a "phenyl group substituted with a biphenyl group." A "terphenyl group" is a group in which the substituent is "C6-C 60 C6-C substituted with aryl groups 60 It belongs to the "substituted phenyl group" which is an "aryl group."

[0209] In this specification, unless otherwise defined, * and *' refer to the bond sites between adjacent atoms in the chemical formula or moiety.

[0210] In this specification, the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis are not limited to the three axes on a Cartesian coordinate system, but are also interpreted in a broad sense to include such axes. For example, the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis may refer to different directions that are mutually orthogonal, but are not mutually orthogonal. [Example]

[0211] Hereinafter, the composition and the light emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.

[0212] Synthesis example: Synthesis of ZnMgO nanoparticle composite Synthesis Example 1 1) Synthesis of ZnMgO nanoparticles At 4°C, 320 mL of DMSO was placed in a two-neck round-bottom flask and 14.312 g of zinc acetate dihydrate and 3.176 g of magnesium acetate tetrahydrate were added. Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (14.4984 g) dissolved in 80 mL of ethanol was added dropwise over 20 minutes. The mixture was then allowed to react at 4°C for 1 hour and 20 minutes to produce ZnMgO. The solution in the flask was then divided into six equal parts, each containing 250 mL of acetone and 50 mL of octane, and centrifuged at 9000 rpm for 3 minutes. Each of the six bottles containing the ZnMgO was then filled with 32 mL of ethanol and the ZnMgO was dispersed using a magnetic stirrer for 1 hour.

[0213] 2) Ligand exchange 10 mL of ZnMgO nanoparticle solution (20 mg / mL) dispersed in ethanol was added to a 50 mL centrifuge tube, and 0.05 mmol of compound 1 was added. After vortexing for 10 minutes, 5 mL of ethanol was added, followed by 35 mL of hexane for precipitation. The mixture was then centrifuged at 10,000 rpm in a centrifuge (CR22N: Eppendorf-Himac Technologies) for 10 minutes. 2.5 mL of a mixed solvent (diethylene glycol monobutyl ether:tripropylene glycol monobutyl ether) (7:3 volume ratio) was added, and the mixture was vigorously mixed for 20 minutes.

[0214] Synthesis Examples 2 to 9 and Comparative Synthesis Examples 1 to 5 Metal oxide nanoparticle composites were synthesized using the same method as in Synthesis Example 1, except that compounds listed in Table 1 were used instead of Compound 1 as the ligand compound.

[0215] [Table 1] [ka] [ka]

[0216] Production Example: Production of ZnMgO nanoparticle composite composition Composition Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Composition Examples 1 to 12 The ZnMgO nanoparticle composites synthesized in Synthesis Examples 1 to 9, an initiator, and a solvent were mixed to produce the compositions of Composition Examples 1 to 9, respectively. Non-ligand-exchanged ZnMgO nanoparticles, an initiator, and a solvent were mixed to produce the compositions of Comparative Composition Examples 1 and 2. The ZnMgO nanoparticle composite synthesized in Synthesis Example 1, an initiator, and a solvent were mixed to produce the compositions of Comparative Composition Examples 3 to 7. The ZnMgO nanoparticle composites synthesized in Comparative Synthesis Examples 1 to 5, an initiator, and a solvent were mixed to produce Comparative Composition Examples 8 to 12, respectively.

[0217] Cumene hydroperoxide was used as the initiator, and diethylene glycol butyl ether was used as the solvent. The content of the ZnMgO nanoparticle composite was 2 wt% relative to the weight of the solvent, and the content of the initiator relative to the weight of the ZnMgO nanoparticle composite was varied as shown in Table 2. Table 2 lists the compositions of Composition Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Composition Examples 1 to 12. In the ZnMgO composite column in Table 2, the compounds in parentheses are the compounds used for ligand exchange.

[0218] [Table 2]

[0219] Evaluation example 1: Measurement of shrinkage rate of ZnMgO layer The compositions of Composition Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Composition Examples 1 to 12 were inkjet printed onto a glass substrate to form a ZnMgO layer with a thickness of 50 nm, and the resulting substrate was heat-treated at 140° C. for 30 minutes to form a ZnMgO layer.

[0220] The thickness of the ZnMgO layer was measured before and after the heat treatment, and the shrinkage rate was calculated and shown in Table 3. The shrinkage rate can be calculated using the following formula (1). <Formula (1)>

number

[0221] [Table 3] Referring to Table 3, Comparative Compositions 1 and 2, which use ZnMgO nanoparticles without ligand exchange, Comparative Composition 3, which does not use an initiator, and Comparative Compositions 4 and 5, which contain less than 0.5 wt% of initiator, have small shrinkage rates of 20% or less. On the other hand, Comparative Compositions 1 to 9 and 8 to 12, which use 0.5 wt% of initiator for the ZnMgO nanoparticle composites after ligand exchange with a crosslinkable compound, have shrinkage rates of 39% to 45%. Comparative Compositions 6 and 7, which contain 0.7 wt% and 1.0 wt% initiator, have high shrinkage rates of 55% and 68%.

[0222] Evaluation Example 2: Evaluation of composition ejection The ejection properties of each of Composition Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Composition Examples 1 to 12 were confirmed using an inkjet device (Dimatix, DMP-2850) immediately after the start of ejection and 24 hours after the start of ejection. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0223] [Table 4]

[0224] Referring to Table 4, in the case of Comparative Composition Examples 10 to 12, which used compounds c3, c4, and c5, respectively, as the ligand, the impact evaluation 24 hours after the start of ejection was expressed as poor, while in the case of Composition Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Composition Examples 1 to 9, the impact evaluations immediately after the start of ejection and 24 hours after the start of ejection were both expressed as good.

[0225] Manufacturing example: Fabrication of light-emitting element Example 1 An ITO glass substrate (50 × 50 mm, 150 Ω / nm) used as a glass substrate for EL-QDs (manufactured by Samsung Corning) was ultrasonically cleaned using distilled water and isopropanol, followed by 30 minutes of UV ozone cleaning. After cleaning, PEDOT:PSS was spin-coated onto the ITO glass substrate to form a 35 nm-thick hole injection layer. Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-N-(4-sec-butylphenyl)-diphenylamine (TFB) was spin-coated onto the hole injection layer to form a 30 nm-thick hole transport layer. Red InP QDs dispersed in octane were spin-coated onto the hole transport layer to form a 50 nm-thick green light-emitting layer. A 50 nm-thick electron transport layer was formed on the red light-emitting layer by inkjet printing the composition of Composition Example 1. A 200 nm-thick Al layer was vapor-deposited onto the electron transport layer to fabricate a quantum dot light-emitting device.

[0226] Examples 2 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 Quantum dot light-emitting devices were fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that instead of the composition of Composition Example 1, the compositions of Composition Examples 2 to 9 and Comparative Composition Examples 13, 8 to 12 as listed in Table 5 were used.

[0227] The efficiency and lifetime of the light-emitting devices were evaluated using a source measure unit (Model 236, Keithley Instruments, Inc.) and a luminance meter (PR®-650 SpectraScan® Colorimeter, Photo Research, Inc.).

[0228] [Table 5]

[0229] Referring to Table 5, the light-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 9 are superior in efficiency and lifetime compared to the light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 8, and in particular, the lifetime is improved by more than 10 times. This is believed to be because the metal oxide nanoparticles in the electron transport layer are stabilized within the polymer formed by cross-linking of the surface ligands. [Explanation of symbols]

[0230] 10 Light-emitting element 110 1st electrode 130 Middle Class 150 2nd electrode

Claims

1. metal oxide nanoparticles; and an organic ligand bound to the surface of the metal oxide nanoparticles and represented by the following Chemical Formula 1: [Chemical formula 1] 【Chemistry 1】 In the above Chemical Formula 1, R １ and R ２ are, independently of each other, C １ -C ５ is an alkyl group, X is a group that is bonded to the metal oxide nanoparticles, a is 0 or 1; b is 1 or 2; c is 0 or 1.

2. R １ and R ２ The metal oxide nanoparticle composite according to claim 1, wherein each independently comprises a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group, or a tert-butyl group.

3. 2. The metal oxide nanoparticle composite of claim 1, wherein X comprises an amino group, a phosphate group, a catechol group, a carboxyl group, or a nitrile group.

4. 2. The metal oxide nanoparticle composite according to claim 1, wherein the organic ligand comprises at least one of the following compounds 1 to 24: 【Chemistry 2】 【Transformation 3】 【Chemistry 4】

5. The metal oxide nanoparticle composite of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide nanoparticles are represented by the following chemical formula 2: [Chemical formula 2] M ｘ O ｙ In the above Chemical Formula 2, M is Zn, Ti, Zr, Sn, W, Ta, Ni, Mo, or Cu; x and y are each independently an integer from 1 to 5;

6. The metal oxide nanoparticle composite according to claim 5 , wherein the metal oxide nanoparticles are represented by the following chemical formula 3: [Chemical formula 3] Zn １－ｚ A ｚ O In the above Chemical Formula 3, A is Mg, Co, Ni, Zr, Mn, Sn, Y, Al, or a combination thereof; 0≦z<0.

5.

7. The metal oxide nanoparticles include ZnO, ZnMgO, ZnMgO:Sn, ZnSnO, ZnAlO, and SnO. ２ , TiO ２ or a combination thereof.

8. a metal oxide nanoparticle composite in which an organic ligand represented by the following chemical formula 1 is bound to the surface of a metal oxide nanoparticle; an initiator; and a solvent; and a metal oxide nanoparticle composition comprising: [Chemical formula 1] 【Transformation 5】 In the above Chemical Formula 1, R １ and R ２ are, independently of each other, C １ -C ５ is an alkyl group, X is a group that is bonded to the metal oxide nanoparticles, a is 0 or 1; b is 1 or 2; c is 0 or 1.

9. R １ and R ２ The metal oxide nanoparticle composition of claim 8, wherein each independently comprises a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group, or a tert-butyl group.

10. 9. The metal oxide nanoparticle composition of claim 8, wherein X comprises an amine group, a phosphate group, a catechol group, a carboxyl group, or a nitrile group.

11. The metal oxide nanoparticles include ZnO, ZnMgO, ZnMgO:Sn, ZnSnO, ZnAlO, and SnO. ２ , TiO ２ 9. The metal oxide nanoparticle composition of claim 8, comprising:

12. 9. The metal oxide nanoparticle composition according to claim 8, wherein the content of the metal oxide nanoparticle composite is in the range of 2% by weight to 4% by weight based on the weight of the solvent.

13. The metal oxide nanoparticle composition of claim 8 , wherein the initiator is a thermal initiator.

14. A first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; a light-emitting layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an intermediate layer between the light-emitting layer and the second electrode, the intermediate layer including an electron transport region; a light-emitting device, wherein the electron transport region comprises a polymer formed by cross-linking metal oxide nanoparticles and an organic ligand represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, and the polymer is bound to a surface of the metal oxide nanoparticles: [Chemical formula 1] 【Transformation 6】 In the above Chemical Formula 1, R １ and R ２ are, independently of each other, C １ -C ５ is an alkyl group, X is a group attached to the surface of the metal oxide nanoparticle, a is 0 or 1; b is 1 or 2; c is 0 or 1.

15. the electron transport region comprises an electron transport layer; The light-emitting device of claim 14 , wherein the electron transport layer comprises the metal oxide nanoparticles and the polymer.

16. The light-emitting device of claim 14 , wherein the light-emitting layer comprises quantum dots.

17. 17. The light-emitting device of claim 16, wherein the quantum dots comprise a III-VI semiconductor compound, a II-VI semiconductor compound, a III-V semiconductor compound, a I-III-VI semiconductor compound, a IV-VI semiconductor compound, a Group IV element or compound, or a combination thereof.

18. 18. An electronic device comprising a light-emitting element according to any one of claims 14 to 17.

19. further comprising a thin film transistor; the thin film transistor includes a source electrode and a drain electrode; The electronic device of claim 18 , wherein a first electrode of the light emitting element is electrically connected to at least one of the source electrode and the drain electrode.

20. 19. An electronic device comprising: an electronic device that is a flat panel display, a curved display, a computer monitor, a medical monitor, a television, a billboard, interior lighting, exterior lighting, a signal light, a head-up display, a fully transparent display, a partially transparent display, a flexible display, a rollable display, a foldable display, a stretchable display, a laser printer, a telephone, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a phablet, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wearable device, a laptop computer, a digital camera, a camcorder, a viewfinder, a microdisplay, a 3D display, a virtual reality display, an augmented reality display, a vehicle, a video wall including tiled multiple displays, a theater screen, a stadium screen, a phototherapy device, or a sign.

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