HOT MELT ADHESIVE COMPOSITION OF METHELOCENE-CATALYZED POLYBUTENE-1 AND ARTICLES INCLUDING IT

Abstract

A hot melt adhesive composition comprising at least 40 wt% of a metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 selected from the group consisting of polybutene-1 homopolymer, polybutene-1 copolymer, and combinations thereof, the metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 comprising at least 30 wt%, based on the weight of the hot melt adhesive composition, of a metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 having a melt flow of at least 1000 grams per 10 minutes at 190 °C, a bonding agent, and at least 15 wt% of wax, the hot melt adhesive composition having a specific gravity of less than 0.95.

Description

METHELOCENE-CATALYZED POLYBUTENE-1 HOT MELT ADHESIVE COMPOSITION AND ARTICLES INCLUDING IT BACKGROUND The invention is oriented towards formulating hot melt adhesive compositions using metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1. In the past. Polybutene-1 homopolymers and copolymers were prepared using a Ziegler-Natta catalyst. These polybutene-1 polymers exhibited high melt viscosities and had to be treated with organic peroxides to decrease the molecular weight and, consequently, the melt viscosity of the polymers to make them suitable for use in existing hot-melt adhesive applicators. The molecular weight of the resulting product was random and difficult to control, leading to highly variable products. High-viscosity polybutene-1 polymers were also brittle at room temperature and produced adhesives that were brittle at room temperature. These brittle properties allowed the formulation of hot-melt adhesives that could temporarily bond substrates for a period of time and then allow the substrates to be easily separated without negative aesthetic alteration of the substrate surface. Such adhesive compositions have been used to hold together pallets of packaged products during shipping. After shipping, the Ν C Ν Ν CC υ σ packaged products can be easily separated from each other at their destination. Recently, polybutene-1 homopolymers and copolymers synthesized using metallocene catalysts have become available and have been described as useful for incorporation into hot-melt adhesive compositions that include a liquid or non-solid viscosity modifier, such as plasticizing oils and greases. The presence of a non-solid viscosity modifier can affect the setting time of the adhesive. Such hot-melt adhesive compositions have been described as suitable for use in the manufacture of disposable hygiene products that include porous bonding substrates, such as non-woven fabric weaves, for use in diaper construction. Hot melt adhesives are used in a variety of packaging industry applications, including, for example, sealing boxes and cartons, tray forming, and case forming. Typical substrates used in packaging applications include virgin and recycled kraft, high- and low-density kraft, pressed board, and various types of treated and coated kraft and pressed board. To be effective, hot melt adhesive compositions must be able to form a fiber-tear bond to such substrates at room temperature. Furthermore, many packaging applications require the hot melt adhesive to exhibit a sufficient degree of adhesion to the substrate to firmly bond the resulting package under a variety of conditions, such as low temperatures, high temperatures, and tension, and to be free from smudging. There is a need for a hot melt adhesive composition that exhibits good adhesion to the substrates of boxes and cartons under a variety of conditions. There is a particular need for a hot melt adhesive composition that exhibits good adhesion, under a variety of conditions, to difficult-to-bond substrates of the type used in sealing boxes and cartons. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In one aspect, the invention presents a hot melt adhesive composition comprising at least 40 wt% of metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1, the metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 being selected from the group consisting of polybutene-1 homopolymer, polybutene-1 copolymer, and combinations thereof, the metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 comprising at least 30 wt%, based on the weight of the hot melt adhesive composition, of a first metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 having a melt flow of at least 1000 grams per 10 minutes (g / 10 min) at 190 °C, an adhesive agent, and at least 15 wt% of wax, the hot melt adhesive composition having a specific gravity of less than 0.95. In one embodiment, the hot melt adhesive composition includes at least 50% by weight, or more than 50% by weight, metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1. In another embodiment, the hot melt adhesive composition includes at least 55% by weight, or more than 55% by weight, metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1. In other embodiments, the hot melt adhesive composition includes at least 45 wt% of metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 and at least, or even more than, 15 wt% of a wax having a melting point (Tm) of at least 100 °C. In other embodiments, the hot melt adhesive composition includes at least, or even more than, 45 wt% of metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 and at least, or even more than, 15 wt% of a wax having a Tm of at least 110 °C. In other embodiments, the hot melt adhesive composition includes at least 50 wt%, or even more than 50 wt%, of metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 and at least, or even more than, 15 wt% of a wax having a Tm of at least 110 °C. In one embodiment, the hot melt adhesive composition includes at least 50% by weight, or even more than 50% by weight, metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 having a melt flow of at least 1000 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a specific gravity of no more than 0.91. In another embodiment, the hot melt adhesive composition includes at least 50% in > your NCN 5 $ CC ua wt., or even more than 50 wt., metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 having a melt flow of at least 1000 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a specific gravity of not more than 0.90. In some embodiments, the hot melt adhesive composition includes from 55 wt. to 89 wt. of metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1. In other embodiments, the hot melt adhesive composition includes from 55 wt. to 89 wt. of metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1, not more than 25 wt. of bonding agent, and at least 10 wt. of a wax having a melting temperature of at least, or even more than, 103 °C. In some embodiments, the hot melt adhesive composition includes no more than 30% by weight of bonding agent. In other embodiments, the hot melt adhesive composition includes no more than 25% by weight of bonding agent. In some embodiments, the first metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 has a specific gravity of no more than 0.91. In other embodiments, the first metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 has a specific gravity of no more than 0.90. In some embodiments, the hot melt adhesive composition has a specific gravity of no more than 0.94. In other embodiments, the hot melt adhesive composition has a specific gravity of no more than 0.93. > you N C N6C cua In one embodiment, the hot melt adhesive composition includes at least 20% by weight of a wax having a melting point (Tm) of at least 100 °C. In other embodiments, the hot melt adhesive composition includes more than 10% by weight of a wax having a melting point (Tm) of at least 103 °C. In other embodiments, the hot melt adhesive composition includes at least, or even more, 15% by weight of a wax having a melting point (Tm) of at least 103 °C. In other embodiments, the hot melt adhesive composition includes at least, or even more, 15% by weight of a wax having a melting point (Tm) of at least, or even more, 110 °C. In one embodiment, the hot melt adhesive composition includes at least, or even more, 15% by weight of a wax having a melting point (Tm) of at least, or even more, 112 °C. In another embodiment, the hot melt adhesive composition includes at least, or even more, 15% by weight of a wax having a Tm of at least, or even more, 120 °C. In some embodiments, the hot melt adhesive composition has a viscosity of no more than 3500 centipoise at 177 °C. In other embodiments, the hot melt adhesive composition has a viscosity of no more than 3000 cP at 177 °C. In other embodiments, the hot melt adhesive composition has a viscosity of no more than 2000 cP at 177 °C. In other embodiments, the first metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 has a melt flux greater than 1300 g / 10 min at 190 °C. > your NCN or § cua the present description, a first substrate including fibers and a second substrate including fibers, the second substrate is bonded to the first substrate by means of the adhesive composition. The present invention features hot-melt adhesive compositions that include relatively high levels of polybutene-1 polymer and maintain fiber tear bonds to fibrous substrates at room temperature. The present invention also features embodiments of the hot-melt adhesive composition that include relatively high levels of polybutene-1 polymer and maintain fiber tear bonds to difficult-to-bond substrates at room temperature. The present invention further features embodiments of the hot-melt adhesive composition that include relatively high levels of polybutene-1 polymer and maintain fiber tear bonds to difficult-to-bond substrates at low temperatures. The present invention also features hot-melt adhesive compositions that include relatively high levels of polybutene-1 polymer and have a viscosity suitable for application using hot-melt applicator equipment. Other features and advantages will become evident from the following description of the preferred embodiments and claims. GLOSSARY With reference to the present invention, these terms > tu NCN ' § cua have the meanings set out below: The term “polybutene-1 copolymer” means a copolymer derived from at least 50 wt% butene-1 and less than 50 wt% alphaolefin comonomer. The term “wax”, as used in the present description, means a polymer or oligomer that has a heat of fusion greater than 58 joules per gram (J / g) and a viscosity not greater than 750 centipoise (cP) at 190 °C. The term “semicrystalline polymer” means a polymer that has a heat of fusion of more than 10 J / ga but not more than 58 J / ga and a viscosity of at least 750 cP at 190 °C. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The hot melt adhesive composition includes metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 having a melt flow of at least 1000 g / 10 min at 190 °C, a bonding agent, and at least 15 wt% wax. The hot melt adhesive composition exhibits fiber tear bonding to fibrous packaging materials at room temperature and preferably exhibits fiber tear bonding at both high and low temperatures. Reference to fiber tearing at a temperature refers to the temperature at which the test sample used to measure fiber tearing is conditioned. At 23°C, the hot melt adhesive composition > s N C N., N10C The hot melt adhesive composition exhibits more than 35%, more than 40%, more than 45%, more than 47%, * more than 50%, more than 55%, more than 60%, or even more than 70% fiber tearing. At 60°C, or even 71°C, the hot melt adhesive composition exhibits more than 45%, more than 50%, or even more than 60% fiber tearing. At low temperatures, such as 4°C, -18°C, or even -29°C, the hot melt adhesive composition preferably exhibits more than 45%, more than 50%, or even more than 60% fiber tearing. The hot melt adhesive composition can be formulated to exhibit any combination of the fiber tearing properties mentioned above.The hot melt adhesive composition can also be formulated to exhibit any combination of the fiber tear properties mentioned above when measured using a relatively easy-to-bond substrate, such as WESTROCK 44 lb. C-flute linear edge-crushing corrugated board with more than 80% recycled fibers (“WESTROCK 44”), or even when measured using a relatively difficult-to-bond substrate, such as PRATT 44 lb. C-flute linear edge-crushing (ECT) corrugated board (“PRATT”) containing 100% recycled fibers at room temperature. The hot melt adhesive composition also preferably has a specific gravity of less than 0.95, no more than 0.94 or even no more than 0.93. The hot melt adhesive composition preferably has a viscosity of less than 3000 cP, less than 2500 cP, no more than 2000 cP, no more than 1500 cP, no more than 1200 cP, or even no more than 1000 cP at 190 °C or even at 177 °C. The hot melt adhesive composition has a fast setting time, and preferably has a setting time of no more than 5 seconds, no more than 4 seconds, no more than 2 seconds, no more than 1.5 seconds, no more than 1 second or even no more than 0.8 seconds. The hot melt adhesive composition also exhibits good heat resistance as measured by peel adhesion failure temperature (PAFT), shear adhesion failure temperature (SAFT), heat tensile strength (IOPP), or a combination thereof. Preferably, the hot melt adhesive composition exhibits a PAFT of at least 43°C, at least 49°C, at least 54°C, or even at least 63°C, a SAFT of at least 73°C, at least 88°C, or even at least 93°C, an IOPP of at least 49°C, at least 54°C, or even at least 63°C, or a combination thereof. A formulation of the hot melt adhesive composition that is particularly useful for maintaining a tear bond of fibers to relatively difficult-to-bond substrates at room temperature includes an adhesion agent, as per NCN 12 C at least 15% by weight of wax of which at least 10% by weight, based on the weight of the hot melt adhesive composition, is a wax having a Tm greater than 100 °C, and greater than 40% by weight of a metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 polymer, of which at least 30% by weight, based on the weight of the adhesive composition, is a metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 having a melt flow greater than 1000 g / 10 min at 190 °C. Another formulation of the hot melt adhesive composition that is particularly useful for maintaining a tear bond of fibers to relatively difficult-to-bond substrates at room temperature includes an adhesion agent, at least 15 wt% of wax, and more than 55 wt% of a metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 polymer having a melt flow greater than 1000 g / 10 min at 190 °C. A formulation of the hot melt adhesive composition that is particularly useful for maintaining a tear bond of fibers to difficult-to-bond substrates at low temperatures, such as 4 °C, includes no more than 25 wt% of bonding agent, at least 50 wt% of a metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 polymer, of which at least 30 wt%, based on the weight of the hot melt adhesive composition, is a metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 polymer having a melt flow greater than 1000 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a specific gravity of no more than 0.90, and having a Tm of at least less 110 °C. A hot melt formulation that is particularly useful for maintaining a tear bond of fibers to difficult-to-bond substrates at low temperatures, such as -29 °C, includes no more than 25% by weight of bonding agent, at least 50% by weight of a metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 polymer, of which at least 30% by weight, based on the weight of the hot melt adhesive composition, is a metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 polymer having a melt flow greater than 1000 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a specific gravity of no more than 0.90, and at least 20% by weight of a wax having a Tm of at least 103 °C or even at least 110 °C. metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 The hot melt adhesive composition includes metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1. At least 30 wt% of the metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 present in the hot melt adhesive composition has a melt flow of at least 1000 g / 10 min, at least 1100 g / 10 min, at least 1400 g / 10 min, not greater than 10,000 g / 10 min, or even from 1000 g / 10 min to 3000 g / 10 min at 190 °C using a 2.16 kg load when tested in accordance with ASTM D1238A. The metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 also preferably has a specific gravity not greater than 0.92, not greater than 0.91, not greater than 0.90, or even approximately 0.89. Suitable metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 polymers include metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 homopolymers, metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 copolymers, and combinations thereof. Metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 copolymers are derived from at least 50 wt% butene and less than 50 wt% alphaolefin comonomer. Useful alphaolefin comonomers include, for example, ethylene, propylene, hexene, octene, and combinations thereof. Metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 is optionally a mixture of at least two different metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 polymers, including, for example, at least one metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 having a first melt flow or a first specific gravity and a metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 having a second melt flow or a second specific gravity, or both of which are different from the first melt flow or first specific gravity. An example of a useful mixture of metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 includes a first metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 having a melt flow of at least 1000 g / 10 min and a specific gravity of no more than 0.90 and a second metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 having a melt flow of at least 1000 g / 10 min and a specific gravity of no more than 0.91. Ν C Ν Ν CC υ σ Useful metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 polymers are commercially available under a variety of trade names, including, e.g., the KOATTRO series from LyondellBasell Industries Holdings, BV (Netherlands), which includes KOATTRO PB M 1500 M random polybutene-1 / ethylene copolymer and KOATTRO PB M 1200 M random polybutene-1 / ethylene copolymer. The hot melt adhesive composition includes at least % by weight of metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1, and at least 30% by weight, at least 35% by weight, at least 40% by weight, at least 45% by weight, at least 50% by weight, more than 50% by weight, at least 55% by weight, more than 55% by weight, at least 60% by weight, not more than 89% by weight, not more than 80% by weight, not more than 75% by weight, from 30% to 89% by weight, from 55% to 89% by weight, from 50% to 75% by weight, or even from 55% to 75% by weight, based on the weight of the hot melt adhesive composition, of a metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 having a melt flow of at least 1000 g / 10 min to 190 °C. The metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 optionally includes a metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 having a melt flux greater than 500 g / 10 min and less than 1000 g / 10 min at 190 °C. An example of a commercially available, useful metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 having a melt flux less than > your NCN 16 C a 1000 g / 10 min at 190 °C is KOATTRO PB M 600 M of LyondellBasell random polybutene-1 / ethylene copolymer. Optional metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1, when present in the hot melt adhesive composition, is present in an amount less than 45 wt%, less than 40 wt%, less than 35 wt%, less than 30 wt%, from 0 wt% to 35 wt%, or even from 10 wt% to 30 wt%. Additional polymer The hot melt adhesive composition optionally includes at least one polymer other than metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1. The total polymer content in the hot melt adhesive composition is at least 40% by weight, at least 45% by weight, at least 50% by weight, greater than 50% by weight, at least 55% by weight, at least 60% by weight, not greater than 89% by weight, not greater than 80% by weight, or even not greater than 75% by weight. Additional useful polymers include semicrystalline polymers such as semicrystalline polyolefins, including, for example, semicrystalline polypropylene, semicrystalline propylene / alphaolefin comonomer copolymers (e.g., semicrystalline propylene / ethylene copolymers), semicrystalline ethylene / alphaolefin comonomer copolymers (e.g., semicrystalline ethylene / propylene copolymers), and combinations thereof. Useful semicrystalline polyolefins in the US include Pet al.), US 8,822,598 (Li > tu NCN κ 17 are described in several patents e.g., Nos. US 9,752,024 (Barry Shan et al.) and US 10,155,889 (Jin Useful semicrystalline propylene copolymers are derived from propylene and an alphaolefin comonomer (e.g., alphaolefin monomers having at least two carbon atoms, at least four carbon atoms, from four to eight carbon atoms, and combinations thereof). Suitable alphaolefin comonomers include, e.g., ethylene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene, 1-methylpentene, 1,3-methylpentene, 1,5-trimethylhexene, 5-ethyl-1-nonene, and combinations thereof. Specific examples of suitable propylene-alphaolefin copolymers include propylene-ethylene, propylene-butene, propylene-hexene, propylene-octene, and combinations thereof. Useful semicrystalline ethylene copolymers are derived from ethylene and an alphaolefin comonomer, which include, for example, alphaolefin monomers having at least two carbon atoms, at least four carbon atoms, from three to eight carbon atoms, and combinations of such monomers. Suitable alphaolefin comonomers include, for example, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene, 4-methyl-pentene-l, 3-methyl pentene-1,3,5,5-trimethyl-hexene-1, > your NCN 18 CC ua 5-ethyl-l-nonene, 1,9-decadiene, and combinations thereof. Specific examples of suitable ethylene-alphaolefin copolymers include ethylene-propylene, ethylene-butene, ethylene-hexene, ethylene-octene, and combinations thereof. Suitable semicrystalline polymers are prepared using a variety of catalysts including, e.g., a single-site catalyst (e.g., metallocene catalysts (e.g., metallocene-catalyzed propylene polymers)), multiple single-site catalysts, non-metallocene heteroaryl catalysts, and combinations thereof. Another useful class of semicrystalline polymers are "crystal block composites" (CBCs). CBCs are polymers that include an ethylene-based crystalline polymer (CEP), an alpha-olefin-based crystalline polymer (CAOP), and a block copolymer that has an ethylene crystalline block (CEB) and an alpha-olefin crystalline block (CAOB), where the CEB of the block copolymer is essentially the same composition as the CEP in the block composite, and the CAOB of the block copolymer is essentially the same composition as the CAOP of the block composite. The ratio of the composition between the amount of CEP and CAOP will be essentially the same as between the corresponding blocks in the block copolymer. Block copolymers can be linear or branched.Each of the respective block segments may contain long-chain branches, but the block copolymer segment is substantially linear rather than containing grafted or branched blocks. Useful CBC polymers exhibit a polydispersity index of 1.7 to 15, 1.8 to 10, 1.8 to 5, or even 1.8 to 3.5. CAOBs are highly crystalline blocks of polymerized alpha-olefin units in which the monomer is present in an amount greater than 90 mol%, greater than 93 mol%, greater than 95 mol%, or even greater than 96 mol%, and the comonomer content is less than 10 mol%, less than 7 mol%, less than 5 mol%, or even less than 4 mol%. CAOBs with propylene crystallinity have corresponding melting points that are at least 80 °C, at least 100 °C, at least 115 °C, or even at least 120 °C. CEB refers to blocks of polymerized ethylene units in which the comonomer content is not greater than 10 mol%, from 0 mol% to 10 mol%, from 0 mol% to 7 mol%, or even from 0 mol% to 5 mol%. CEB has a melting point of at least 75 °C, at least 90 °C, or even at least 100 °C. Useful semicrystalline polyolefins are commercially available under a variety of trade names, including, e.g., the VISTAMAXX series of trade names from ExxonMobil Chemical Company (Houston, Texas), which includes VISTAMAXX 8880, VISTAMAXX 8780, and VISTAMAXX 8380 propylene-ethylene copolymers; the LICOCENE series of trade names from Clariant Int'l Ltd. (Muttenz, Switzerland), which includes, e.g., LICOCENE PP 1502, PP 1602 TP, and PP 2602 TP propylene-ethylene copolymers; and the AFFINITY series of trade names from The Dow Chemical Company (Midland, Michigan), which includes AFFINITY GA1900 ethylene-octene copolymer and AFFINITY GP1570 propylene-ethylene copolymer. The hot melt adhesive composition optionally includes from 0% by weight to no more than 30% by weight, at least 1% by weight, at least 2% by weight, no more than 25% by weight, no more than 20% by weight, no more than 10% by weight, no more than 5% by weight, or even no more than 3% by weight of optional additional semicrystalline polymer. Other useful classes of polymers include, e.g., amorphous polyalphaolefins, including, e.g., Ziegler-Natta catalyzed amorphous polyalphaolefins (e.g., amorphous propylene homopolymers, amorphous propylene-alphaolefin comonomer copolymers, amorphous polyethylene polymers, amorphous polyethylene-alphaolefin comonomer copolymers, and combinations thereof), elastomers, including, e.g., elastomeric block copolymers (e.g., elastomeric block copolymers including styrene (e.g., styrene-ethylene / butene-styrene, styrene-ethylene / propylene-styrene, and combinations thereof), metallocene-based elastomeric block copolymers, and combinations thereof), and functionalized versions of these, and combinations thereof. Useful Ziegler-Natta catalyzed amorphous polyalphaolefin polymers are commercially available under a variety of trade names, including, e.g., the REXTAC series of trade names available from Rextac LLC (Odessa, Texas) and the EASTOFLEX and AERAFIN series of trade names from Eastman Chemical Company (Kingsport, Tennessee). Useful elastomeric block copolymers are available under a wide variety of trade names, including, e.g., KRATON G 1657 styrene-ethylene / butylene-styrene block copolymer and G 1652 styrene-ethylene / propylene-styrene block copolymer from Kraton Polymers US LLC (Houston, Texas). The hot melt adhesive composition optionally includes from 0% by weight to not more than 30% by weight, at least 1% by weight, at least 2% by weight, not more than 25% by weight, not more than 20% by weight, not more than 10% by weight, not more than 5% by weight or even not more than 3% by weight of an additional optional amorphous polyalphaolefin polymer, elastomeric polymer or combinations thereof. N C N N Wax CC ua The hot melt adhesive composition also includes at least one wax. Useful waxes have a heat of fusion of more than 58 J / g or even more than 70 J / g. Suitable waxes preferably have a melting point (Tm) of at least 80 °C, at least 90 °C, at least 100 °C, at least 103 °C, at least 105 °C, at least 110 °C, at least 115 °C, or even at least 120 °C. Examples of suitable waxes include Fischer-Tropsch waxes, polyolefin waxes (e.g., polypropylene waxes and polyethylene waxes), microcrystalline waxes, metallocene waxes, and combinations thereof. Useful Fischer-Tropsch waxes are commercially available under a variety of trade names, including, e.g., Fischer-Tropsch waxes available under the SASOLWAX series of trade names from Sasol Wax North America Corporation (Hayward, California), including, e.g., SASOLWAX C80, SASOLWAX H1, and SASOLWAX C105; Fischer-Tropsch waxes under the BARECO series of trade names from Baker Hughes Inc. (Sugar Land, Texas), including, e.g., BARECO PX-105; Fischer-Tropsch waxes under the SHELLWAX series of trade names from Shell Malaysia Ltd. (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia), including, e.g., SHELLWAX SX105; and Fischer-Tropsch waxes under the VESTOWAX series of trade names from Evonik Industries AG (Germany). e.g. Fischer-Tropsch VESTOWAX 2050 waxes. The useful ones are available Ν C Ν Ν CC is commercially available under a variety of trade names, including, e.g., the EPOLENE series of trade names from Westlake Chemical Corporation (Houston, Texas), which includes, e.g., EPOLENE N-21 and N-14 polyethylene waxes; the BARECO series of trade names from Baker Hughes Inc. (Sugar Land, Texas), which includes, e.g., BARECO C4040 polyethylene wax; and the AC series of trade names from Honeywell Int'l Inc. (Morristown, New Jersey), which includes, e.g. , AC 8 and AC 9 polyethylene waxes, the POLYWAX series of trade names including POLYWAX 3000 polyethylene wax, POLYWAX 2000 polyethylene wax, POLYWAX 1000 polyethylene wax, POLYWAX 850 polyethylene wax, POLYWAX 725 polyethylene wax from Baker Hughes (Houston, Texas), and CWP 400 polyethylene wax from Trecora Chemical, Inc. (Pasadena, Texas). Useful polypropylene waxes are commercially available under a wide variety of trade names including, e.g., EPOLENE N-15 from Westlake Chemical, HONEYWELL AC1089 from Honeywell Int'l Inc., and LICOCENE 6102 from Clariant Int'l Ltd. (Muttenz, Switzerland). The total wax content in the hot melt adhesive composition is at least 15% by weight, at least 20% by weight, from 15% to 35% by weight, or even from 15% to 30% by weight. The hot melt adhesive composition preferably includes at least 10% by weight, at least 15% by weight, at least 20% by weight, from 10% to 35% by weight, or from 10% Ν C Ν Ν CC υ σ by weight to 30% by weight, or even from 15% by weight to 30% by weight of a wax having a Tm of at least 100 °C, at least 103 °C, at least 110 °C or even at least 120 °C. Adhesion agent The hot melt adhesive composition also includes a bonding agent. Useful bonding agents have a glass transition temperature (Tg) of at least 40 °C, at least 60 °C, or even at least 80 °C, and a ring and ball softening point of at least 90 °C. Suitable classes of bonding agents include, for example, fully hydrogenated aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon resins, fully hydrogenated modified aliphatic hydrocarbon resins, and combinations thereof. Examples of useful aliphatic and cycloaliphatic petroleum hydrocarbon resins include, for example, branched, unbranched, and C5 resins, C9 resins, and cyclic CIO resins, and combinations thereof. Useful bonding agents are commercially available under a variety of trade names, including, e.g., the EASTOTAC series of trade names from Eastman Chemical Company (Kingsport, Tennessee), which include, e.g., EASTOTAC H-100R, EASTOTAC H-100L, and EASTOTAC H130W; the ESCOREZ series of trade names from ExxonMobil Chemical Company (Houston, Texas), which include, e.g., ESCOREZ 1310LC, ESCOREZ 5400, ESCOREZ 5637, ESCOREZ 5415, ESCOREZ 5600, ESCOREZ 5615, and ESCOREZ 5690; and the WINGTACK series of trade names from Cray Valley HSC (Exton, Pennsylvania). e.g., WINGTACK 86, WINGTACK EXTRA and WINGTACK 95, the PICCOTAC series of trade names of Eastman Chemical Company (Kingsport, Tennessee) which include, e.g., PICCOTAC 8095 and 1115, the ARKON series of trade names of Arkawa Europe GmbH (Germany) which include, e.g., ARKON P-125, and the REGALITE and REGALREZ series of trade names of Eastman Chemical Company which include, e.g., REGALITE R1125 and REGALREZ 1126. The hot melt adhesive composition includes at least 5% by weight, at least 10% by weight, at least 15% by weight, at least 20% by weight, less than 35% by weight, not more than 30% by weight, not more than 25% by weight, not more than 20% by weight, from 10% by weight to 35% by weight, from 15% by weight to 30% by weight, from 10% by weight to 30% by weight or even from 10% by weight to 25% by weight of bonding agent. Additional components The hot melt adhesive composition optionally includes a variety of additional components including, e.g., antioxidants, stabilizers, adhesion promoters, ultraviolet light stabilizers, rheology modifiers, corrosion inhibitors, colorants (e.g., pigments and dyes), fillers, flame retardants, nucleating agents, plasticizers, and combinations thereof. Useful antioxidants include, Ν C Ν Ν pentaerythritol CC υ σ tetrakis[3,(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4 hydroxyphenyl)propionate], 2,2'-methylene bis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), phosphites including, e.g., tris-(pnonylphenyl)-phosphite (TNPP) and bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) 4,4' diphenylene-diphosphonite di-stearyl-3,3'-thiodipropionate (DSTDP) and combinations thereof. Suitable antioxidants are commercially available under a variety of trade names including, e.g., the IRGANOX series of trade names. , hindered phenolic antioxidants IRGANOX 1010, IRGANOX 565 and IRGANOX 1076 and phosphite antioxidant IRGAFOS 168, all available from BASF Corporation (Florham Park, New Jersey), and ETHYL 702 4,4' methylene bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol). When present, the adhesive composition preferably includes from approximately 0.1 wt% to approximately 2 wt% antioxidant. Uses The hot melt adhesive composition can be applied or incorporated into a variety of items including, e.g. e.g., fibers, substrates made of fibers (e.g., virgin fibers, recycled fibers, synthetic polymer fibers (e.g., nylon, rayon, polyesters, acrylics, polypropylenes, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane), cellulose fibers (e.g., natural cellulose fibers, such as paper pulp), natural fibers (e.g., cotton, silk, and wool), glass fibers, and Ν C Ν Ν CC υ σ combinations thereof), peel coatings, porous substrates, cellulose substrates, sheets (e.g., paper and fiber sheets), paper products, woven and non-woven fabric wefts (e.g., wefts made of fibers (e.g., strands, yarns, filaments, microfibers, blown fibers and spun fibers), perforated films and combinations thereof), tape carriers and combinations thereof. Hot melt adhesive composition is useful for bonding a wide variety of substrates including, e.g., cardboard, coated cardboard, paperboard, fiberboard, virgin and recycled kraft, high and low density kraft, chipboard, treated and coated kraft and chipboard and corrugated versions thereof, clay-coated chipboard raw material, composites, leather, fibers and substrates made from fibers (e.g., virgin fibers, recycled fibers, synthetic polymer fibers, cellulose fibers and combinations thereof), peel coatings, porous substrates (e.g., woven fabric wefts, non-woven fabric wefts and perforated films), cellulose substrates, sheets (e.g., paper and fiber sheets), paper products, adhesive tape backings and combinations thereof. Hot melt adhesive composition is useful for bonding a first substrate to a second substrate in a variety of applications and constructions including, e.g., packaging, Ν C Ν Ν CC υ σ bags, boxes, cardboard boxes, trays, multi-wall bags, items including accessories (e.g., straws attached to beverage boxes), ream wrapping, cigarettes (e.g., cap wrapping), filters (e.g., pleated filters and filter frames), bookbinding, paper products including, e.g., paper towels (e.g., multi-purpose towels), toilet paper, tissues (e.g., disposable tissues), cloths and combinations thereof. The hot melt adhesive composition can be applied to a substrate in any useful form, including, e.g., as a coating (e.g., continuous coatings and discontinuous coatings (e.g., random, patterned, and arranged)), as a bead, as a film (e.g., continuous films or discontinuous films), and combinations thereof, using any suitable application method, including, e.g., slot coating, spray coating (e.g., spiral spraying, random spraying, and random defibration (e.g., blow melting)), foaming, extrusion (e.g., bead application, fine line extrusion, single-screw extrusion, and twin-screw extrusion), wheel application, non-contact coating, contact coating (e.g., direct coating), photo-etching, etched roll coating, roller coating, transfer coating, Ν C Ν Ν CC υ σ screen printing, flexography, "on-demand" application methods and combinations thereof. In on-demand hot melt application systems (also referred to as "deposit-free" and "deposit-free" systems), the hot melt compositions are supplied in a solid state (e.g., as granules) in a relatively small heating vessel (compared to conventional hot melt application systems that include a pot) where the hot melt composition melts and, typically, shortly thereafter, the molten liquid is applied to a substrate. In on-demand systems, a relatively large quantity of hot melt composition does not typically remain in a molten state for an extended period.In many existing on-demand systems, the volume of the molten hot melt composition is no greater than approximately 1 liter, or even no greater than approximately 500 milliliters, and the hot melt adhesive composition remains in a molten state for a relatively short period of time, including, for example, less than two hours, less than one hour, or even less than 30 minutes. Suitable on-demand hot melt application systems include, for example, the deposit-free InvisiPac hot melt delivery system from Graco Minnesota Inc. > s NCN qq N g Cua (Minneapolis, Minnesota) and the Freedom hot melt dispensing system of Nordson Corporation (Westlake, Ohio). The on-demand hot melt application systems are described in U.S. Patent Publications Nos. 2013-0105039, 2013-0112709, 2013-0112279 and 20140042182, and U.S. Patent No. 8,201,717, and are incorporated herein by reference. The invention will now be described by means of the following examples. All parts, ratios, percentages, and quantities indicated in the examples are by weight, unless otherwise specified. EXAMPLES Testing procedures The test procedures used in the examples include the following. All ratios and percentages are by weight, unless otherwise stated. The procedures are performed at room temperature (i.e., an ambient temperature of approximately 20°C to approximately 25°C), unless otherwise specified. Fusion flow test method The melt flow rate (MFR) is determined according to ASTM D1238A at 190 °C using a 2.16 kg load. > your NCN 31 — CC ua Melting temperature test method The melting point is determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A 7.25 mg ± 0.25 mg sample is placed in a tray specific to the machine used (e.g., TA Q2000 DSC V24.ll with standard aluminum trays and lids). The sample is then covered with a specified lid and sealed. A tray and lid containing no material are also sealed and used as a reference sample. The sample is then loaded into the differential scanning calorimeter and covered with a nitrogen blanket. The sample is then heated at a rate of 60 °C per minute (°C / min) until it reaches 190 °C. The sample is then held isothermally for 5 minutes at 190 °C. Finally, the sample is cooled at a rate of 10 °C / min until it reaches a temperature of -80 °C. Then, the sample is placed back in an isothermal state for 5 minutes at -80 °C.The sample is then heated at 10 °C / min until it reaches 190 °C. The resulting data are displayed in an exothermic graphical format showing heat flow as a function of temperature. The melting temperature (Tm) is the melting temperature of the peak with the maximum height. Viscosity test method Viscosity is determined at the specified temperature in accordance with ASTM D-3236 entitled “Standard Test Method for Apparent viscosity of Hot Melt Adhesives and Coating Materials”, (October 31, 1988) using a Brookfield viscometer, a Brookfield Thermosel heated sample chamber, and a number 27 spindle. Results are recorded in centipoise (cP). WESTROCK 44 Fiber Tear % Test Method The fiber tear percentage is the percentage of fibers covering the adhesive area after two substrates, previously bonded with the adhesive, are forcibly separated. The fiber tear percentage using WESTROCK 44 is determined as follows. A bead of adhesive composition measuring 15.24 cm (6 in) x 0.24 cm (0.094 in) is applied to a first substrate of WESTROCK 44 lb. linear C-flute edge-flattening corrugated board with over 80% recycled fibers using a ROCKTENN bond simulator at an application temperature of 177°C. Two seconds after the adhesive bead is applied to the first substrate, the adhesive bead is brought into contact with the second substrate of WESTROCK 44 lb. linear C-flute edge-flattening corrugated board with over 80% recycled fibers, which is pressed against the adhesive. The adhesive and the first substrate are bonded together with a pressure of 0.21 MPa (30 pounds per square inch [psi]) for a period of 2 seconds. The resulting construction is then conditioned at room temperature for at least 4 hours and subsequently conditioned at a specified test temperature for at least 12 hours. The substrates of the construction are then separated from each other at the test temperature (e.g., immediately after removing the sample from the conditioning chamber) by manually pulling the two separated substrates apart. The surface of the adhesive composition is observed, and the percentage of the surface area of ​​the adhesive composition covered by fibers is determined and recorded. For each hot melt adhesive composition, a minimum of five samples are prepared and tested. The results are reported in units of % fiber tear. PRATT Fiber Tear Percentage Test Method The fiber tear percentage using PRATT is determined as described above in the WESTROCK 44 Fiber Tear % Test Method with the exception that the first and second substrates are PRATT 44 lb C-style linear corrugated edge crush test (ECT) corrugated board containing 100% recycled fibers instead of 44-inch linear corrugated board WESTROCK. Adhesion failure temperature by peeling for the kraft test method The peel-off adhesion failure temperature (PAFT) is determined as follows. A first sheet of kraft paper is prepared by affixing two release liners to it. The release liners are separated by a distance of 2.54 cm to form a 2.54 cm channel between them, which will hold the adhesive compound subsequently applied. A small amount of adhesive compound is applied to the channel near the top edge of the first sheet. A second sheet of kraft paper is then placed on top of the adhesive compound and the first sheet of kraft paper.A stretcher bar is pressed against the top edge of the second sheet, the adhesive composition, and the first sheet, and then stretched along the second sheet from the top edge to the bottom edge of the second kraft paper sheet to bond the first kraft paper sheet to the second sheet using the adhesive composition. The stretcher bar has a gap, which defines the thickness of the adhesive composition in the channel as the bar is stretched along the kraft paper sheets. The resulting coated adhesive composition is 2.54 cm (one inch) wide and 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm (8 mils to 12 mils) thick. The sample is shaped so that a bonding area of ​​6.45 cm² can be created. N C N N The CC is analyzed in failure mode. The resulting samples are conditioned at room temperature for at least 12 hours. The sample is placed in an oven in peel mode such that the top edge of the first kraft paper sheet is held in position in the oven by a clamp, and a 100-gram weight is attached to the top edge of the second kraft paper sheet. The ambient temperature in the oven is raised from an initial temperature of 25 °C to a final temperature of 140 °C at a rate of 25 °C / hour. The oven automatically records the temperature at which the sample fails. A minimum of five samples are prepared for each sample composition. The average PAFT value of the five samples is expressed in degrees Celsius. Shear bond failure temperature for the kraft test method The shear adhesion failure temperature (SAFT) is determined as follows. A first sheet of kraft paper is prepared by affixing two release liners to the first sheet. The release liners are separated from each other by a distance of 2.54 cm to form a 2.54 cm channel between them, which will accommodate the adhesive compound subsequently applied. A small amount of adhesive compound is applied to the channel near the top edge of the first sheet. A second sheet of kraft paper is placed on top of the adhesive compound. The first sheet of kraft paper is coated. A stretcher bar is pressed against the top edge of the second sheet, the adhesive composition, and the first sheet, and then stretched along the second sheet from the top to the bottom edge to bond the first kraft paper sheet to the second sheet using the adhesive composition. The stretcher bar has a gap, which defines the thickness of the adhesive composition in the channel as the bar is stretched along the kraft paper sheets. The resulting coated adhesive composition is 2.54 cm (one inch) wide and 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm (8 mils to 12 mils) thick. The sample is formed so that a bonding area of ​​6.45 cm² can be analyzed in the failure mode. The resulting samples are conditioned at room temperature for at least 12 hours.The resulting sample is then placed in a shear oven such that the upper edge of the first kraft paper sheet is held in position by a clamp, and a 500-gram weight is suspended from each sample in shear mode, i.e., the weight is attached to the lower edge of the second kraft paper sheet. The ambient temperature in the oven is raised from an initial temperature of 25 °C to a final temperature of 160 °C at a rate of 25 °C / hour. The oven automatically records the temperature at which the sample fails. A minimum of > tu NCN 37 is prepared. CCU a of three samples for each sample composition. The average SAFT value of the three samples is expressed in degrees Celsius. Hardening time test method The setting time is determined according to the following test method. A bead of adhesive composition measuring 10.00 cm by 0.24 cm is applied to a first substrate of 44 lb PRATT edge crush test (ECT) linear C-flute corrugated board with 100% recycled fibers using a MEC ASM-15N hot melt bond simulator at 177°C. Two seconds after applying the adhesive bead to the first substrate, the adhesive bead is brought into contact with the second substrate of 44 lb PRATT edge crush test (ECT) linear C-flute corrugated board with 100% recycled fibers, which is then pressed against the first substrate with a pressure of 0.21 MPa and for a period of time (referred to herein as compression time) such that the bonding area is 5.00 cm by 0.24 cm. The bonding simulator timer starts when the substrates are compressed.After an initial compression time of 0.5 seconds, the instrument separates the two substrates by pulling the second substrate in the Z direction and holding the first substrate in a fixed position, and the force required to separate the substrates and the amount of fiber tearing are measured. 8 present in the adhesive composition. The samples are run in triplicate at each compression time. If none of the three samples exhibit more than 50% fiber tearing, the compression time is increased by 0.1 seconds, and the test method is repeated until more than 50% fiber tearing is recorded for all three samples. The 50% fiber tear setting time is recorded as the compression time at which all three samples achieve more than 50% fiber tearing immediately after separation. The hardening time is recorded in seconds. Heat Tensile Strength Test Method (i.e., IOPP) Heat tensile strength is measured according to IOPP T-3006, "Suggested Test Method for Determining the Heat Stress Resistance of Hot Melt Adhesives," using an initial temperature of 48.9 °C (120 °F), a load of 200 grams per sample, and five samples bonded per adhesive composition. After each 24-hour period, the number of samples that no longer support the weight is recorded, and the temperature is raised by 2.8 °C (5.0 °F). The pass temperature for each adhesive composition, defined as the maximum temperature at which 80% of the samples remain bonded, is the heat tensile strength and is expressed in degrees Celsius (°C). N C N N CC ua Method for determining specific gravity at room temperature Specific gravity is determined at room temperature according to the following method. The specific gravity of the isopropanol test solution is determined. A heat-melted sample composition is poured in the form of three small pools, each weighing 1 gram. The pouring sample is observed to confirm that it is well mixed and free of air bubbles. If it is well mixed and free of air bubbles, the method is continued for that sample. The sample is allowed to cool completely. The samples are weighed to four decimal places, and the value is reported as the weight of the sample in air. A wire support plate, which includes a rectangular wire ring, is placed on the pan of a balance. The wire support plate includes a metal plate sized to rest on the balance pan. The wire ring is attached to opposite edges of the wire support plate on the same face of the plate and extends approximately 8 inches from the base of the plate. A metal bridge support, capable of holding the balance pan without touching it, is placed through the wire ring over the support plate to attach the balance pan. A beaker filled with isopropanol is centered on the wire support plate. The specific gravity of > your NCN 40 The specific gravity of isopropanol is a known chemical property. A small hook is then hung from the top of the wire loop so that it hangs down into the isopropanol in the beaker. The hook is then removed and pressed into the sample to bond it to the hook, and the hook is re-hanged from the wire loop so that the heat-fusible sample is fully submerged in the isopropanol. After approximately five seconds, the weight is observed and recorded, to four decimal places, as the weight of the sample in isopropanol. The specific gravity (SG) is determined using the following equation. The specific gravity (SG) of the sample = [SG of isopropanol x weight of sample weight in air (g)] / [(weight of sample in air (g))-(weight of sample in isopropanol (g) ) ] The method is repeated for each sample and the average result is expressed in three decimal places. Analysis of Tm of commercial waxes The melting point (Tm) of Fischer-Tropsch wax SASOL H1, Fischer-Tropsch wax SASOL C80, Fischer-Tropsch wax SX 105, polypropylene wax LICOCENE 6102, and polyethylene wax POLYWAX 2000 was measured using the melting point test method. SASOL H1 was determined to have a Tm of 88 °C, SASOL C80 was determined to have a Tm of 83 °C, and so on. SX 105 had a Tm of 96 °C, LICOCENE 6102 was determined to have a Tm of 128 °C, and POLYWAX 2000 was determined to have a Tm of 126 °C, POLYWAX 1000 was determined to have a Tm of 111 °C, and POLYWAX 850 was determined to have a Tm of 104 °C and POLYWAX 725 was determined to have a Tm of 100 °C. Comparative C1 and C2 The components of comparative compositions 01 and 02 were combined at room temperature in the amounts indicated in Table 1, heated to 177 °C to form a fusion, and then blended at 177 °C to form the thermofusible composition. The resulting compositions were analyzed for specific gravity, viscosity, setting time, PRATT fiber tear percentage, WESTROCK 44 fiber tear percentage, and SAFT, PAFT, and IOPP test methods, where indicated. The results are shown below in Table 1. Examples E1–E29 The components of the hot melt adhesive compositions of Examples E1–E29 were combined at room temperature in the amounts indicated in Tables 1–3 (in percent), then heated to 177 °C, and then mixed at 177 °C to form a hot melt adhesive composition. The resulting hot melt adhesive compositions were tested for specific gravity, viscosity, setting time, % PRATT fiber tear, % WESTROCK 44 fiber tear, and SAFT, PAFT, and IOPP test methods, where indicated. The results are shown below in Tables 1–3. Table 1 C1 02 El E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 IRGANOX 1076 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 KOATTRO PBM 1500 M 0 0 55 60 60 5 5 5 5 60 60 60 60 60 KOATTRO PBM 600 M 45.3 45.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AFFINITY GP1570 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TPC 1160 0 0 0 0 5 10 5 0 5 0 0 0 SASOL H1 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 SX105 20 20 25 25 0 SASOL C80 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ESCOREZ 5400 0 0 0 0 0 0 19.3 0 14.3 0 0 EASTOTAC H130W 34 34 24.3 19.3 19.3 19.3 19.3 0 14.3 0 14.3 14.3 Viscosity at 177 °C 1650 1750 1315 1523 1737 1380 1217 1385 1418 1188 1263 1143 Specific gravity 0.945 0.938 0,928 0 . 923 0 . 914 0.915 0 . 920 0.919 0.912 0.917 0.918 0.910 Forging time 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0. .8 % Pratt fiber tear -29 °C 0 0 0 30 11 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 -18 °C 0 0 0 18 2 58 0 0 0 14 0 0 4 °C 0 0 47 79 91 92 56 94 77 60 37 66 54 °C 96 99 98 100 93 95 100 85 81 74 68 73 60 °C 56 65 °C 100 100 90 82 53 41 65 74 40 39 37 53 % tearing of fibers WESTROCK 44 -29 °C 96 96 61 84 97 92 93 97 4 °C 0 78 99 92 100 99 91 97 95 99 97 98 23 °C 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 99 94 60 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 99 99 93 86 89 40 SAFT (°C) NT NT 93 94 88 86 92 92 93 97 96 87 PAFT (°C) NT 53 50 38 42 32 34 38 34 34 37 38. > side N IOPP NT 68 NT NT NT NT NT NT IRGANOX 10 / 6 = antioxidant IRGANOX 1010 = antioxidant KOATTRO PBM 1500 M = random polybutene-1 / ethylene copolymer having an MFR of 1500 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a density of 0.89 g / cm3 as reported by the manufacturer, LyondellBasell Industries Holdings, BV, Netherlands KOATTRO PBM 600 M = random polybutene-1 / ethylene copolymer having an MFR of 600 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a density of 0.89 g / cm3 as reported by the manufacturer, LyondellBasell AFFINITY GP1570 = propylene-ethylene copolymer (The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan) TPC 1160 = polyisobutylene (The TPC Group, Houston, Texas) SASOL H1 = Fischer-Tropsch wax that has a melting point of 88 °C (Sasol Wax North America Corporation, Hayward, California) SX105 = Fischer-Tropsch Shell GTL SARAWAX SX105 wax that has a melting point of 96 °C (Shell Chemical, Texas) SASOL C80 = Fischer-Tropsch wax with a melting temperature of 83 °C (Sasol Wax North America Corporation, Hayward, California) ESCOREZ 5400 = adhesion resin (ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Houston, Texas) EASTOTAC H130W = adhesion resin (Eastman Chemical Company, Kingsport, Tennessee) Table 2 Eli E12 E13 E14 E15 E16 E17 E18 E19 E20 E21 IRGANOX 1076 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 IRGANOX 1010 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 KOATTRO PBM 1500 M 43 60 60 50 55 50 50 5 5 55 5 5 5 5 AFFINITY GP1570 10 0 0 0 0 c- 0 0 0 0 0 SX105 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 LICOCENE 6102 0 25 0 25 25 0 15 15 0 0 0 POLYWAX 2000 0 0 25 0 0 25 10 10 0 0 0 POLYWAX 1000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 POLYWAX 850 0 0 0 0 0 0- 0 0 0 25 0 POLYWAX 725 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 EASTOTAC H130W 24.3 14.3 14.3 24.3 19.3 24.3 24.3 19.3 19.3 19.3 19.3 Viscosity at 177 °C 1690 2090 2340 1608 1850 1592 1433 1663 1105 1005 962 > s κ Specified severity 0 . 923 0.902 0.921 0.916 0.909 0.939 0.926 0.918 0.923 0.925 0.923 Fraguado time 0.4 >2 1.1 >3 >3 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.04 0.45% of the root. PRATT fibers -29 °C 0 97 88 95 97 91 100 100 100 52 5 -18 °C 0 95 90 60 93 95 86 100 99 15 7 7 4 °C 36 23 °C 79 96 81 88 100 9 9 100 100 96 86 80 54 °C 100 93 98 98 99 100 100 100 99 99 97 98 60 °C 100 96 94 88 65 °C 100 98 82 99 95 100 97 96 80 79 74 % tearing of fibers WESTROCK 44 -29 °C 95 99 100 99 97 100 100 100 100 99 99 99 4 °C 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 99 94 23 °C 100 100 98 98 54 °C 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 60 °C 99 100 100 100 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 SAFT (°C) 87 94 96 92 93 92 96 97 96 91 88 PAFT (° C) 35 IOPP NT NT NT NT NT LICOCENE 6102 = polypropylene wax having a melting point of 128 °C (Clariant Int'1 Ltd., Muttenz, Switzerland) POLYWAX 2000 = polyethylene wax that has a melting point of 126 °C (Baker Hughes Inc., Houston, Texas) POLYWAX 1000 = polyethylene wax that has a melting point of 111 °C (Baker Hughes) POLYWAX 850 = polyethylene wax that has a melting point of 104 °C (Baker Hughes) POLYWAX 725 = polyethylene wax that has a melting point of 100 °C (Baker Hughes) Table 3 E22 E23 E24 E25 E2 6 E27 E28 E29 IRGANOX 1076 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 IRGANOX 1010 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 KOATTRO PBM 1200 M 0 0 0 0 5 5 50 50 50 KOATTRO PBM 1500 M 55 50 60 5 5 0 0 0 0 SASOL H1 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 LICOCENE 6102 15 0 0 0 25 25 20 15 POLYWAX 2000 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 10 SASOL 080 0 25 25 25 0 0 0 0 ESCORES 5400 0 0 0 0 19.3 24.3 24.3 24.3 EASTOTAC H130W 19.3 24.3 14.3 19.3 0 0 0 0 Viscosity at 177 °C 1380 675 970 822 1800 1442 1365 1350 Specific gravity 0.917 0.925 0.913 0.920 0.916 0.924 0.928 0.934 Setting time 1.1 0.6 1.2 0.9 5 5 1.7 1% PRATT fiber tear -29 °C 0 0 0 0 97 100 79 100 -18 °C 0 0 0 0 82 83 65 87 4 °C 0 0 57 27 61 94 85 92 23 °C 37 82 87 77 88 83 44 38 54 °C 100 99 99 100 95 94 98 99 60 °C 98 97 96 98 93 90 91 98 65 °C 95 94 76 63 87 99 98 99 % tearing of WESTROCK fibers 44 -29 °C 80 26 20 2 98 100 100 99 -18 C 36 7 44 19 96 99 96 99 4 °C 68 56 82 32 100 100 100 100 23 °C 98 98 97 90 99 100 93 98 54 °C 99 100 92 100 100 100 100 100 60 °C 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 65 °C 99 100 96 100 100 100 100 100 PAFT (°C) 53 47 43 47 80 65 74 79 SAFT (°C) 91 73 74 73 88 86 92 89. KOATTRO PBM 1200 M = random polybutene-l / ethylene copolymer having an MFR of 1200 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a density of 0.908 g / cm3 as reported by the manufacturer, LyondellBasell. Other modalities are included in the claims. All references mentioned herein > you N C N. r No. CU σ description are incorporated to the extent that they do not conflict. A hot melt adhesive composition comprising at least 40 wt% of metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1, the metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 being selected from the group consisting of polybutene-1 homopolymer, polybutene-1 copolymer, and combinations thereof, the metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 comprising at least 30 wt%, based on the weight of the hot melt adhesive composition, of a metallocene-catalyzed first polybutene-1 having a melt flow of at least 1000 grams per 10 minutes (g / 10 min) at 190 °C, a bonding agent, and at least 15 wt% of wax, the hot melt adhesive composition having a specific gravity of less than 0.95. 2. The hot melt adhesive composition of paragraph 1 comprising at least 50% by weight, or even more than 50% by weight, metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1. 3. The hot melt adhesive composition of paragraph 1 comprising at least 55% by weight, or even more than 55% by weight, polybutene-1 catalyzed by > s NCN 47 CU to metallocene. 4. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-3 comprising at least 45% by weight of metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 and more than 15% by weight of a wax having a melting temperature (Tm) of at least 100 °C. 5. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-3 comprising at least 45% by weight, or even more than 45% by weight, metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1, and at least, or even more than, 15% by weight of a wax having a Tm of at least 110 °C. 6. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-3 comprising at least 50% by weight, or even more than 50% by weight, metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1, and at least or even more than 15% by weight of a wax having a Tm of at least 110 °C. 7. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-6 comprising at least 50% by weight, or even more than 50% by weight, of a metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 having a melt flow of at least 1000 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a specific gravity of no more than > you N C N 8 CU a of 0.91 or even no more than 0.90. 8. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1 and 4-7 comprising from 55 wt% to 89 wt% metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1. 9. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-8 comprising not more than 30% by weight of adhesive agent. 10. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-8 comprising not more than 25% by weight of adhesive agent. 11. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-6 and 8-10, wherein the metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 has a specific gravity of not more than 0.91 or even not more than 0.90. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-11, wherein the hot melt adhesive composition has a specific gravity of not more than 0.94. 13. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-11, wherein the hot melt adhesive composition has a specific gravity of not more than 0.93. 14. The hot melt adhesive composition of one > you N C N 49. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-13 comprising at least 20% by weight of a wax having a melting point (Tm) of at least 100°C. 15. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-14 comprising at least 10% by weight of a wax having a melting point of at least, or more, 103°C. 16. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-14 comprising at least, or more, 15% by weight of a wax having a melting point (Tm) of at least 103°C. 17. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-4 and 7-16 comprising at least, or more, 15% by weight of a wax having a melting point (Tm) of at least, or more, 110°C. 18. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-17 comprising at least, or even more, 15% by weight of a wax having a Tm of at least, or even more, 112 °C. 19.The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-18 comprising at least, or even more than, 15% by weight of a wax that. c. has a Tm of at least, or even more than, 120 > your NCNN g Cua 21. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-19, wherein the hot melt adhesive composition has a viscosity of not more than 3500 centipoise at 177 °C. 22. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-19, wherein the hot melt adhesive composition has a viscosity of not more than 3000 cP at 177 °C. 23. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-19, wherein the hot melt adhesive composition has a viscosity of not more than 2000 cP at 177 °C. 24. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-23, wherein the metallocene-catalyzed first polybutene-1 has a melt flow greater than 1300 g / 10 min at 190 °C. 25. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-24 further comprising a metallocene-catalyzed second polybutene-1, the metallocene-catalyzed second polybutene-1 having a melt flow of less than 800 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a specific gravity of less than 0.92. 26. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-24 further comprising a second metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1, the second metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 having a melt flow of 1000 g / 10 min to 1300 g / 10 min at 190 °C. 27. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-26 further comprises a semicrystalline polymer selected from the group consisting of propylene / ethylene copolymer, ethylene / propylene copolymer, and combinations thereof. 28. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-27, wherein the hot melt adhesive composition exhibits at least 45% fiber tear at 23°C when tested according to the PRATT % fiber tear test method. 29. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-27, wherein the hot melt adhesive composition exhibits at least 45% fiber tear at 23°C when tested according to the PRATT % fiber tear test method and at least 50% fiber tear at -29°C when tested according to the % test method Ν C Ν Ν PRATT fiber tear CC υ σ. 30. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of paragraphs 1-29 comprising at least 50% by weight, or even more than 50% by weight, metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 having a specific gravity of not more than 0.91. 31. A container comprising: the hot melt adhesive composition of paragraphs 1-30; a first substrate comprising fibers; and a second substrate comprising fibers, the second substrate being bonded to the first substrate by means of the adhesive composition.

Claims

1. A hot melt adhesive composition comprising: at least 40 wt% of metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1, the metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 being selected from the group consisting of polybutene-1 homopolymer, polybutene-1 copolymer, and combinations thereof, the metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 comprising at least 30 wt%, based on the weight of the hot melt adhesive composition, of a first metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 having a melt flow of at least 1000 grams per 10 minutes (g / 10 min) at 190 °C; tackifying agent; and at least 15 wt% of wax, the hot melt adhesive composition having a specific gravity of less than 0.

95.

2. The hot melt adhesive composition of claim 1 comprising at least 50% by weight of metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1.

3. The hot melt adhesive composition of claim 1 comprising at least 55% by weight of metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1.

4. The hot-melt adhesive composition of polybutene-1 catalyzed from a wax having a melting point of at least 100 °C. > your NCN κ claim 1 comprising: at least 45% by weight of metallocene, and at least 15% by weight of melting point 5. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the first metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 has a specific gravity of not more than 0.

91.

6. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the wax comprises at least 10% by weight, based on the weight of the hot melt adhesive composition, of a wax having a Tm of at least 103 °C.

7. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the wax comprises at least 15% by weight, based on the weight of the hot melt adhesive composition, of a wax having a Tm of at least 103 °C.

8. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the wax comprises at least 15% by weight, based on the weight of the hot melt adhesive composition, of a wax having a melting point (Tm) of at least 110 °C.

9. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the hot melt adhesive composition has a specific gravity of not more than 0.

94.

10. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that the hot melt adhesive composition has a viscosity of not more than 3500 centipoise at 177 °C.

11. The hot melt adhesive composition of any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that the first metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 has a melt flow greater than 1300 g / 10 min at 190 °C.

12. The hot melt adhesive composition of any of claims 1-11, characterized in that the metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 further comprises a second metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1, the second metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 having a melt flow less than 800 g / 10 min at 190 °C and a specific gravity less than 0.

92.

13. The hot melt adhesive composition of any of claims 1-11, characterized in that the metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 further comprises a second metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1, the second metallocene-catalyzed polybutene-1 having a melt flow of 1000 g / 10 min to 1300 g / 10 min at 190 °C.

14. The hot melt adhesive composition of a > your NCNNCC ua any of claims 1-13 further comprising a semicrystalline polymer selected from the group consisting of propylene / ethylene copolymer, ethylene / propylene copolymer, and combinations thereof.

15. A container comprising: the hot-melt adhesive composition of any one of claims 1-14; a first substrate comprising fibers; and a second substrate comprising fibers, the second substrate being bonded to the first substrate by means of the adhesive composition.