Polar encoding with different probabilities for bits
Non-uniform probability assignment in polar encoding and decoding processes addresses high bit error rates in wireless communication systems, enhancing decoding performance and reducing errors through optimized bit placement and correlation consideration.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/081346
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-13
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-18
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems using polar coding experience high bit error rates due to uniform probability assignment of bits, leading to suboptimal decoding performance.
Implementing non-uniform probability assignment of bits in polar encoding and decoding processes, where bits with higher probability are placed in lower reliability subchannels and bits with lower probability are placed in higher reliability subchannels, along with considering correlations between bits to improve decoding performance.
This approach reduces bit error rates and enhances decoding performance by accurately estimating bit values, thereby improving overall communication efficiency.
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Figure CN2024081346_18092025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
POLAR ENCODING WITH DIFFERENT PROBABILITIES FOR BITS
[0001] FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
[0002] The following relates to wireless communication, including polar encoding with different probabilities for bits.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE) .
[0004] Some wireless communications systems may support the use of polar coding for efficient and relatively low complexity decoding of wireless communications. Polar coding involves assigning information bits to different bit channels and encoding the bits such that some bit channels are associated with increased reliability and other bit channels are associated with decreased reliability (such that respective bit channels may be “polarized” in terms of reliability) . An encoder of a transmitting device may implement a polar code using a matrix associated with the polar code that polarizes copies of a channel into subchannels (e.g., bit channels) , which are either relatively noisy (corresponding to decreased reliability) or relatively noiseless (corresponding to increased reliability) . Information bits may be mapped to the less noisy subchannels and frozen bits may be mapped to more noisy subchannels, and the transmitting device may transmit a codeword in accordance with the mapping to the respective subchannels.SUMMARY
[0005] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support polar encoding with different probabilities for bits. For example, the described techniques provide for improvements in polar decoding performance and lower bit error rate (BER) by considering non-uniform probability of and correlations between different bits in both encoding and decoding processes. For example, different bits (e.g., information bits) of a polar encoded signal may be associated with non-uniform (e.g., non-equal, different) probability, where a probability of one or more bits being one bit value may be higher than a probability of the one or more bits being a different bit value. When receiving a polar encoded signal, a receiving device (e.g., a user equipment (UE) , a network entity) may factor in such probabilities to improve decoding performance. For example, a decoder of the receiving device may input log-likelihood ratio (LLR) values involving related probabilities into decoding functions to improve estimation and performance.. An encoder of a transmitting device (e.g., UE, a network entity) may further improve decoding performance (of the receiving device) by placing bits with non-uniform probability into lower reliability subchannels (e.g., due to a lower capacity of such bits) , while placing bits with uniform probability into higher reliability subchannels. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more bits (e.g., correlated source bits) of a message, that depend on additional bits (e.g., dependent bits) , may be assigned higher index subchannels, while the additional bits may be assigned lower index subchannels to improve a chance of successfully decoding a full message.
[0006] A method for wireless communication by an apparatus is described. The method may include receiving a signal indicating a set of multiple LLR values of a polar encoded codeword, where each LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values is associated with one or more probabilities of corresponding information bits, decoding a first information bit using a first function to determine a first decoded information bit based on inputting a first LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values and a second LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values into the first function, the first function involving a first probability of the first information bit having a first value, and decoding a second information bit using a second function to determine a second decoded information bit based on inputting the first LLR value, the second LLR value, and the first decoded information bit into the second function, the second function involving a second probability of the second information bit having a second value.
[0007] An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to receive a signal indicating a set of multiple LLR values of a polar encoded codeword, where each LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values is associated with one or more probabilities of corresponding information bits, decode a first information bit using a first function to determine a first decoded information bit based on inputting a first LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values and a second LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values into the first function, the first function involving a first probability of the first information bit having a first value, and decode a second information bit using a second function to determine a second decoded information bit based on inputting the first LLR value, the second LLR value, and the first decoded information bit into the second function, the second function involving a second probability of the second information bit having a second value.
[0008] Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include means for receiving a signal indicating a set of multiple LLR values of a polar encoded codeword, where each LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values is associated with one or more probabilities of corresponding information bits, means for decoding a first information bit using a first function to determine a first decoded information bit based on inputting a first LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values and a second LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values into the first function, the first function involving a first probability of the first information bit having a first value, and means for decoding a second information bit using a second function to determine a second decoded information bit based on inputting the first LLR value, the second LLR value, and the first decoded information bit into the second function, the second function involving a second probability of the second information bit having a second value.
[0009] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to receive a signal indicating a set of multiple LLR values of a polar encoded codeword, where each LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values is associated with one or more probabilities of corresponding information bits, decode a first information bit using a first function to determine a first decoded information bit based on inputting a first LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values and a second LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values into the first function, the first function involving a first probability of the first information bit having a first value, and decode a second information bit using a second function to determine a second decoded information bit based on inputting the first LLR value, the second LLR value, and the first decoded information bit into the second function, the second function involving a second probability of the second information bit having a second value.
[0010] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the decoding of the first information bit and the decoding of the second information bit may be performed during a last decoding stage of multiple decoding stages and may be associated with a last stage of a polar code block corresponding to the polar encoded codeword.
[0011] Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for decoding a third information bit, where a reliability of a channel associated with the third information bit may be greater than a reliability of a channel associated with the first information bit, a reliability of a channel associated with the second information bit, or both.
[0012] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, a capacity of the third information bit may be greater than a capacity of the first information bit, a capacity of the second information bit, or both.
[0013] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first function includes a sum of a first function value and the first value, the second function includes a sum of a second function value and the second value, the first function value may be based on the first information bit and the second information bit, and the second function value may be based on the first information bit, the second information bit, and a result of the first function.
[0014] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first information bit may be associated with the first LLR value and the second information bit may be associated with the second LLR value.
[0015] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first value may be different than a third value of a third probability of the first information bit.
[0016] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first probability and the second probability include a first a priori probability and a second a priori probability associated with the first information bit and the second information bit, respectively.
[0017] A method for wireless communication by an apparatus is described. The method may include receiving a signal including a set of multiple bits of a codeword, the set of multiple bits including a first bit of a first information packet and one or more second bits of a second information packet, the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit based on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet, decoding the first bit to determine a first decoded bit based on a using a first subchannel of a polar code that corresponds to a first subchannel index, and decoding the one or more second bits to determine one or more second decoded bits based on using one or more second subchannels of the polar code that correspond to one or more respective second subchannel indexes, the one or more respective second subchannel indexes being greater than the first subchannel index, the decoding of the one or more second bits based on the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit.
[0018] An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to receive a signal including a set of multiple bits of a codeword, the set of multiple bits including a first bit of a first information packet and one or more second bits of a second information packet, the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit based on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet, decode the first bit to determine a first decoded bit based on a using a first subchannel of a polar code that corresponds to a first subchannel index, and decode the one or more second bits to determine one or more second decoded bits based on using one or more second subchannels of the polar code that correspond to one or more respective second subchannel indexes, the one or more respective second subchannel indexes being greater than the first subchannel index, the decoding of the one or more second bits based on the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit.
[0019] Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include means for receiving a signal including a set of multiple bits of a codeword, the set of multiple bits including a first bit of a first information packet and one or more second bits of a second information packet, the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit based on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet, means for decoding the first bit to determine a first decoded bit based on a using a first subchannel of a polar code that corresponds to a first subchannel index, and means for decoding the one or more second bits to determine one or more second decoded bits based on using one or more second subchannels of the polar code that correspond to one or more respective second subchannel indexes, the one or more respective second subchannel indexes being greater than the first subchannel index, the decoding of the one or more second bits based on the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit.
[0020] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to receive a signal including a set of multiple bits of a codeword, the set of multiple bits including a first bit of a first information packet and one or more second bits of a second information packet, the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit based on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet, decode the first bit to determine a first decoded bit based on a using a first subchannel of a polar code that corresponds to a first subchannel index, and decode the one or more second bits to determine one or more second decoded bits based on using one or more second subchannels of the polar code that correspond to one or more respective second subchannel indexes, the one or more respective second subchannel indexes being greater than the first subchannel index, the decoding of the one or more second bits based on the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit.
[0021] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, decoding the one or more second bits may include operations, features, means, or instructions for successfully decoding the one or more second bits based on determining a payload size associated with the one or more second bits, where determining the payload size may be based on using the first subchannel associated with the first subchannel index to successfully decode the first bit.
[0022] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the payload size includes a sum of a quantity of the one or more second bits and a quantity of one or more frozen bits.
[0023] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the polar code includes a set of multiple subchannels, a first subset of the set of multiple subchannels includes the first subchannel, and a second subset of the set of multiple subchannels includes the one or more second subchannels based on the first subchannel index.
[0024] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first information packet includes a first channel state information message including the first bit and the second information packet includes a second channel state information message including the one or more second bits.
[0025] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first bit indicates a rank indicator value.
[0026] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the one or more second bits indicate channel quality information associated with the rank indicator value.
[0027] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first subchannel of the polar code may be associated with a first capacity and the one or more second subchannels of the polar code may be associated with one or more respective second capacities that may be less than the first capacity.
[0028] A method for wireless communication by an apparatus is described. The method may include polar encoding a first information bit of a codeword to determine a first encoded information bit, the first encoded information bit associated with a first probability of the first information bit having a first value, polar encoding a second information bit of the codeword to determine a second encoded information bit, the second encoded information bit associated with a second probability of the second information bit having a second value, and transmitting a signal indicating a set of multiple LLR values of the polar encoded codeword based on encoding the first information bit and the second information bit.
[0029] An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to polar encode a first information bit of a codeword to determine a first encoded information bit, the first encoded information bit associated with a first probability of the first information bit having a first value, polar encode a second information bit of the codeword to determine a second encoded information bit, the second encoded information bit associated with a second probability of the second information bit having a second value, and transmit a signal indicating a set of multiple LLR values of the polar encoded codeword based on encoding the first information bit and the second information bit.
[0030] Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include means for polar encoding a first information bit of a codeword to determine a first encoded information bit, the first encoded information bit associated with a first probability of the first information bit having a first value, means for polar encoding a second information bit of the codeword to determine a second encoded information bit, the second encoded information bit associated with a second probability of the second information bit having a second value, and means for transmitting a signal indicating a set of multiple LLR values of the polar encoded codeword based on encoding the first information bit and the second information bit.
[0031] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to polar encode a first information bit of a codeword to determine a first encoded information bit, the first encoded information bit associated with a first probability of the first information bit having a first value, polar encode a second information bit of the codeword to determine a second encoded information bit, the second encoded information bit associated with a second probability of the second information bit having a second value, and transmit a signal indicating a set of multiple LLR values of the polar encoded codeword based on encoding the first information bit and the second information bit.
[0032] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, polar encoding the first information bit and the second information bit may include operations, features, means, or instructions for placing the first information bit in a first subchannel of a polar code and placing the second information bit in a second subchannel of the polar code. Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for placing a third information bit in a third subchannel of the polar code, wherein a reliability of the third subchannel is greater than a reliability of the first subchannel, a reliability of the second subchannel, or both.
[0033] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, a capacity of the third information bit may be greater than a capacity of the first information bit, a capacity of the second information bit, or both.
[0034] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first information bit corresponds to a first information packet and the second information bit corresponds to a second information packet and may be associated with the first information bit based on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet.
[0035] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first information bit may be associated with the first LLR value and the second information bit may be associated with the second LLR value.
[0036] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first probability and the second probability include a first a priori probability and a second a priori probability associated with the first information bit and the second information bit, respectively.
[0037] A method for wireless communication by an apparatus is described. The method may include polar encoding a set of multiple information bits of a codeword based on jointly encoding a first bit of a first information packet and one or more second bits of a second information packet, the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit based on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet, where encoding the first bit is based on placing the first bit in a first subchannel of a polar code, and encoding the one or more second bits is based on placing the one or more second bits in one or more second subchannels of the polar code, where the first subchannel corresponds to a first subchannel index and the one or more second subchannels correspond to one or more second subchannel indexes that are greater than the first subchannel index and transmitting a signal indicating a set of multiple encoded bits based on jointly encoding the first bit of the first information packet and the one or more second bits of the second information packet.
[0038] An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to polar encode a set of multiple information bits of a codeword based on jointly encoding a first bit of a first information packet and one or more second bits of a second information packet, the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit based on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet, where encoding the first bit is based on placing the first bit in a first subchannel of a polar code, and encoding the one or more second bits is based on placing the one or more second bits in one or more second subchannels of the polar code, where the first subchannel corresponds to a first subchannel index and the one or more second subchannels correspond to one or more second subchannel indexes that are greater than the first subchannel index and transmit a signal indicating a set of multiple encoded bits based on jointly encoding the first bit of the first information packet and the one or more second bits of the second information packet.
[0039] Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include means for polar encoding a set of multiple information bits of a codeword based on jointly encoding a first bit of a first information packet and one or more second bits of a second information packet, the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit based on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet, where encoding the first bit is based on placing the first bit in a first subchannel of a polar code, and encoding the one or more second bits is based on placing the one or more second bits in one or more second subchannels of the polar code, where the first subchannel corresponds to a first subchannel index and the one or more second subchannels correspond to one or more second subchannel indexes that are greater than the first subchannel index and means for transmitting a signal indicating a set of multiple encoded bits based on jointly encoding the first bit of the first information packet and the one or more second bits of the second information packet.
[0040] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to polar encode a set of multiple information bits of a codeword based on jointly encoding a first bit of a first information packet and one or more second bits of a second information packet, the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit based on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet, where encoding the first bit is based on placing the first bit in a first subchannel of a polar code, and encoding the one or more second bits is based on placing the one or more second bits in one or more second subchannels of the polar code, where the first subchannel corresponds to a first subchannel index and the one or more second subchannels correspond to one or more second subchannel indexes that are greater than the first subchannel index and transmit a signal indicating a set of multiple encoded bits based on jointly encoding the first bit of the first information packet and the one or more second bits of the second information packet.
[0041] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first bit indicates a payload size associated with the one or more second bits.
[0042] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the payload size includes a sum of a quantity of the one or more second bits and a quantity of one or more frozen bits.
[0043] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the polar code includes a set of multiple subchannels, a first subset of the set of multiple subchannels includes the first subchannel, and a second subset of the set of multiple subchannels includes the one or more second subchannels based on the first subchannel index.
[0044] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first information packet includes a first channel state information message including the first bit and the second information packet includes a second channel state information message including the one or more second bits.
[0045] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first bit indicates a rank indicator value.
[0046] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the one or more second bits indicate channel quality information associated with the rank indicator value.
[0047] In some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first subchannel of the polar code may be associated with a first capacity and the one or more second subchannels of the polar code may be associated with one or more respective second capacities that may be less than the first capacity.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0048] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports polar encoding with different probabilities for bits in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0049] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports polar encoding with different probabilities for bits in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0050] FIGs. 3A and 3B show examples of a decoding algorithm and an encoding scheme, respectively, that support polar encoding with different probabilities for bits in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0051] FIG. 4 shows an example of an encoding scheme that supports polar encoding with different probabilities for bits in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0052] FIG. 5 shows an example of a process flow that supports polar encoding with different probabilities for bits in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0053] FIGs. 6 and 7 show block diagrams of devices that support polar encoding with different probabilities for bits in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0054] FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports polar encoding with different probabilities for bits in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0055] FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system including a UE that supports polar encoding with different probabilities for bits in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0056] FIG. 10 shows a diagram of a system including a network entity that supports polar encoding with different probabilities for bits in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0057] FIGs. 11 through 14 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support polar encoding with different probabilities for bits in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0058] Some wireless communications systems may support the use of polar codes for wireless communications. Polar coding may involve assigning information bits to different bit channels and encoding the bits such that some bit channels are associated with relatively increased reliability and other bit channels are associated with relatively decreased reliability (such that respective bit channels may be polarized) . As an example, an encoder of a transmitting wireless communication device (such as a user equipment (UE) or a network entity) may implement a polar code using a matrix that polarizes copies of a channel into subchannels (e.g., bit channels, u-domain channels in a U domain) that are either relatively more noisy with decreased reliability (and less capacity) or relatively less noisy with increased reliability (and more capacity) . Often, information bits may be mapped to higher reliability subchannels, and frozen bits (e.g., bits that may be known by both the transmitting device and receiving device) may be mapped to lower reliability subchannels. The transmitting wireless communication device may transmit a codeword in accordance with the mapping to the respective bit channels. Such mapping may result in information being more likely to be correctly decoded (e.g., using successive cancellation to estimate bit values) at a receiver. However, a receiving device may still experience a relatively high bit error rate (BER) due to estimation performed during polar decoding.
[0059] Various aspects generally relate to improvements in polar decoding performance with lower BER by considering non-uniform probability of and correlations between different bits (e.g., information bits) in both encoding and decoding processes. In some cases, non-uniform probability may be factored into decoding to improve bit estimation. For example, different bits of a polar encoded signal may be associated with non-uniform (e.g., non-equal, different) probability, where a probability of one or more bits (e.g., 90%) may be higher than a probability of other bits (e.g., 10%) based on related information or messaging (e.g., 90%probability of being acknowledge (ACK) feedback and 10%probability of being negative acknowledge (NACK) ) . A decoder may thus input log-likelihood ratio (LLR) values involving non-equal probabilities into decoding functions to improve estimation and performance. Bits with non-uniform probability may also be placed into lower reliability subchannels while uniform probability bits may be placed into higher reliability subchannels. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more bits (e.g., correlated bits) of a message may depend on additional bits (e.g., dependent bits) and may be assigned higher index subchannels while the additional bits may be assigned lower index subchannels to improve decoding performance.
[0060] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to wireless communications systems, decoding algorithms, encoding schemes, and process flows that relate to polar encoding with different probabilities for bits. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to polar encoding with different probabilities for bits.
[0061] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports polar encoding with different probabilities for bits in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more devices, such as one or more network devices (e.g., network entities 105) , one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0062] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via communication link (s) 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link) . For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish the communication link (s) 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs) .
[0063] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices in the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., other wireless communication devices, including UEs 115 or network entities 105) , as shown in FIG. 1.
[0064] As described herein, a node of the wireless communications system 100, which may be referred to as a network node, or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein) , a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.
[0065] In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with a core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol) , or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link (s) 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) or one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link) , among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.
[0066] One or more of the network entities 105 or network equipment described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology) . In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within one network entity (e.g., a network entity 105 or a single RAN node, such as a base station 140) .
[0067] In some examples, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) , which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among multiple network entities (e.g., network entities 105) , such as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , such as a CU 160, a distributed unit (DU) , such as a DU 165, a radio unit (RU) , such as an RU 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , such as an RIC 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, such as an SMO system 180, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some examples, one or more of the network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0068] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, or any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3) , layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU 160 (e.g., one or more CUs) may be connected to a DU 165 (e.g., one or more DUs) or an RU 170 (e.g., one or more RUs) , or some combination thereof, and the DUs 165, RUs 170, or both may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or multiple different RUs, such as an RU 170) . In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165 or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170) . A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to a DU 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU 165 may be connected to an RU 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities (e.g., one or more of the network entities 105) that are in communication via such communication links.
[0069] In some wireless communications systems (e.g., the wireless communications system 100) , infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) . In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more of the network entities 105 (e.g., network entities 105 or IAB node (s) 104) may be partially controlled by each other. The IAB node (s) 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. A DU 165 or an RU 170 may be partially controlled by a CU 160 associated with a network entity 105 or base station 140 (such as a donor network entity or a donor base station) . The one or more donor entities (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional devices (e.g., IAB node (s) 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link (s) 120) . IAB node (s) 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may be equipped with an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115 or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of IAB node (s) 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node (s) 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT) ) . In some examples, the IAB node (s) 104 may include one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node (s) 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream) . In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., the IAB node (s) 104 or components of the IAB node (s) 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.
[0070] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support test as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., components such as an IAB node, a DU 165, a CU 160, an RU 170, an RIC 175, an SMO system 180) .
[0071] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, vehicles, or meters, among other examples.
[0072] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as UEs 115 that may sometimes operate as relays, as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0073] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via the communication link (s) 125 (e.g., one or more access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined PHY layer structure for supporting the communication link (s) 125. For example, a carrier used for the communication link (s) 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more PHY layer channels for a given RAT (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) . Each PHY layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting, ” “receiving, ” or “communicating, ” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities, such as one or more of the network entities 105) .
[0074] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) , such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam) , and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
[0075] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts=1 / (Δfmax·Nf) seconds, for which Δfmax may represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
[0076] Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communications systems, such as the wireless communications system 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
[0077] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
[0078] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to UEs 115 (e.g., one or more UEs) or may include UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a UE 115 (e.g., a specific UE) .
[0079] A network entity 105 may provide communication coverage via one or more cells, for example a macro cell, a small cell, a hot spot, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof. The term “cell” may refer to a logical communication entity used for communication with a network entity 105 (e.g., using a carrier) and may be associated with an identifier for distinguishing neighboring cells (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID) , a virtual cell identifier (VCID) ) . In some examples, a cell also may refer to a coverage area 110 or a portion of a coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) over which the logical communication entity operates. Such cells may range from smaller areas (e.g., a structure, a subset of structure) to larger areas depending on various factors such as the capabilities of the network entity 105. For example, a cell may be or include a building, a subset of a building, or exterior spaces between or overlapping with coverage areas 110, among other examples.
[0080] In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area, such as the coverage area 110. In some examples, coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) associated with different technologies may overlap, but the coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) may be supported by the same network entity (e.g., a network entity 105) . In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas, such as a coverage area 110, associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities (e.g., the network entities 105) . The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 support communications for coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) using the same or different RATs.
[0081] The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
[0082] In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs (e.g., one or more of the UEs 115) via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link, such as a D2D communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P) , D2D, or sidelink protocol) . In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to one or more of the UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.
[0083] In some systems, a D2D communication link 135 may be an example of a communication channel, such as a sidelink communication channel, between vehicles (e.g., UEs 115) . In some examples, vehicles may communicate using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, or some combination of these. A vehicle may signal information related to traffic conditions, signal scheduling, weather, safety, emergencies, or any other information relevant to a V2X system. In some examples, vehicles in a V2X system may communicate with roadside infrastructure, such as roadside units, or with the network via one or more network nodes (e.g., network entities 105, base stations 140, RUs 170) using vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications, or with both.
[0084] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
[0085] The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than one hundred kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
[0086] The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) RAT, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
[0087] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
[0088] The network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may use MIMO communications to exploit multipath signal propagation and increase spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such techniques may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may, for example, be transmitted by the transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Likewise, the multiple signals may be received by the receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords) . Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) , for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) , for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.
[0089] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0090] A network entity 105 or a UE 115 may use beam sweeping techniques as part of beamforming operations. For example, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by a network entity 105 multiple times along different directions. For example, the network entity 105 may transmit a signal according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions along different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device, such as a network entity 105, or by a receiving device, such as a UE 115) a beam direction for later transmission or reception by the network entity 105.
[0091] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may support retransmissions of data to increase the likelihood that data is received successfully. Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback is one technique for increasing the likelihood that data is received correctly via a communication link (e.g., the communication link (s) 125, a D2D communication link 135) . HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) ) , forward error correction (FEC) , and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ) ) . HARQ may improve throughput at the MAC layer in relatively poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal-to-noise conditions) . In some examples, a device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, in which case the device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific slot for data received via a previous symbol in the slot. In some other examples, the device may provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent slot, or according to some other time interval. In some examples, HARQ feedback may include transmitting a bit representing an acknowledge (ACK) or negative acknowledge (NACK) . For example, an ACK may be represented by a ‘1’ or ‘0’ , while a NACK may be the other bit value.
[0092] The wireless communications system 100 may in some cases support improvements in polar decoding performance by considering non-uniform probability of and correlations between different bits (e.g., information bits) in both encoding and decoding processes. For example, a transmitting device (e.g., a UE 115 or network entity 105) may polar encode and transmit a signal (e.g., in accordance with a respective polar code) . A receiving device (e.g., a UE 115 or network entity 105) may receiving the signal, and may input LLR values involving non-equal probabilities into decoding functions, which may improve estimation and reduce BER. For example, the receiving device may input a higher probability (e.g., 90%) that one or more feedback bits may be an ACK and a lower probability (e.g., 10%) that the one or more bits may be a NACK. The transmitting device may also contribute to improved performance by mapping (e.g., placing in, assigning) non-uniform probability bits to lower reliability subchannels while mapping uniform probability bits to higher reliability subchannels. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitting device may map one or more bits (e.g., correlated bits) , that depend on additional bits of a message, to higher index subchannels while mapping the additional bits to lower index subchannels.
[0093] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system 200 that supports polar encoding with different probabilities for bits in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the wireless communications system 200 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100. For example, the wireless communications system 200 may include one or more transmitting wireless communication devices (Tx devices) 205, such a Tx device 205-a, and one or more receiving wireless communication devices (Rx devices) 210, such as an Rx device 210-a. The Tx devices 205 and Rx devices 210 may each be examples of UEs 115, network entities 105, or other receiving and transmitting devices described with respect to FIG. 1. In some cases, the Tx device 205-a and the Rx device 210-a may support polar encoding and decoding using different probabilities and correlation between bits as described herein.
[0094] For example, the wireless communications system 200 may support polar encoding and decoding where Tx devices 205 may polarize signals 215 using subchannels 220 (e.g., copies of a channel) which may be arranged in order of subchannel index. In some cases, the Tx devices 205 may polarize signals 215 using subchannels 220 with higher, or larger, capacity (e.g., corresponding to lower BER) and subchannels 220 with lower, or smaller, capacity (e.g., corresponding to higher BER) . Notably, in some cases, subchannels 220 with higher capacity may be associated with a higher reliability in transmissions, while subchannels 220 with lower capacity may be associated lower reliability. For example, the Tx device 205-a may polar encode bits 225 for a signal 215-a by placing information bits (e.g., mapping to, allocating to, setting to) in higher reliability subchannels 220 and placing frozen bits (e.g., bits known by both the Tx device 205-a and the Rx device 210-a) in lower reliability subchannels 220. In some examples, the signal 215-a may represent a downlink control information (DCI) packet, an uplink control information (UCI) packet (e.g., ACK / NACK, channel state information (CSI) reporting) , a sidelink packet, among other signaling. Additionally, or alternatively, polar codes for the signal 215-a may involve codes that achieve a capacity of a binary discrete memoryless channel (B-DMC) asymptotic block length. However, the Rx device 210-a may experience a relatively high BER due to estimation performed in decoding the signal 215-a using polar codes.
[0095] For example, in some cases, information (e.g., data, control information) within the signal 215-a may have a uniform probability or non-uniform probability. A non-uniform probability for a first set of bits of a polar encoded signal may refer to a situation where an individual bit has an unequal probability (e.g., different) that it is a first value (e.g., 0) or a second value (e.g., 1) . For example, in the first set of bits the probability that any individual bit has a value of 0 may be 90% (e.g., a probability value of 0.9) and the probability that any individual bit is a second has a value of 1 may be 10%(e.g., a probability value of 0.1) . A uniform probability for a second set of bits of a polar encoded signal may refer to a situation where an individual bit has a substantially equal probability (e.g., same probability value) that it is either of two values. For example, in the second set of bits the probability that any individual bit is a first value (e.g., 0) may be 50% (e.g., a probability value of 0.5) and the probability that any individual bit is a second value (e.g., 1) may be 50%.
[0096] The signal 215-a may be a feedback message including multiple feedback bits, where one or more bits 225-a and one or more second bits 225-b may have a higher 90%probability of being aa 0corresponding to an ACK (pACK=0.9) and a lower 10%probability of being a 1 (or vice versa) corresponding to a NACK (pNACK=0.1) . However, the Rx device 210-a may base decoding on one or more other factors, reducing a chance of accurately decoding each bit (e.g., as each may be effectively treated as being equally likely to be either an ACK or NACK) . This may result in a greater BER or missed information.
[0097] Additionally, or alternatively, the signal 215-a may include two jointly encoded packets of information involving complex calculations that may be dependent on a packet length and payload of the information packets. For example, the signal 215-a may include a 2 part channel state information (CSI) with two information packets, where a part-2 CSI packet, such as channel quality information (CQI) or a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , may depend on a part-1 CSI packet, such as a rank indicator (RI) . In an example, the one or more bits 225-b may carry a CQI payload, where a rank (e.g., corresponding to length or size) of the payload may be indicated by an RI in the one or more bits 225-a. In some examples, the one or more bits 225-a may be incorrectly decoded due to reception using a subchannel 220-c with a higher index than subchannels 220-a and 220-b, while the subchannels 220-a and 220-b may be used for the one or more bits 225-b. Thus, a result of the decoding may cause erroneous decoding or missing of one or more of the bits 225-b by placing the one or more bits 225-a in higher index subchannels. Further, the one or more bits 225-a may be incorrectly decoded when using lower reliability subchannels, for example, associated with a higher index.
[0098] As discussed herein, the Tx device 205-a and the Rx device 210-a may mitigate high BER by incorporating non-equal or correlated probabilities to improve the decoding performance of polar codes. For example, LLR values may be transmitted via the signal 215-a and used in information node processing or decoding of the signal 215-a at the Rx device 210-a, where the LLR values may involve a priori probabilities (e.g., theoretical, mathematically calculated) associated with the one or more bits 225-aand the one or more bits 225-b to improve a chance for correct decoding. Further, polar code design may be improved to leverage non-equal probability or correlated source bits. For example, the Tx device 205-a may place the one or more bits 225-a and the one or more bits 225-b (e.g., bits having lower capacity) in one or more lower reliability subchannels (e.g., the subchannels 220-b and 220-c at higher indexes) while placing uniform probability bits, such as a bit 225-c (e.g., bits having higher capacity) , in higher reliability subchannels (e.g., the subchannel 220-d) to improve a chance of reading the uniform probability bits, where the higher index subchannels may in some cases have a higher reliability than lower index subchannels. Additionally, or alternatively, if the one or more bits 225-a and 225-b include multiple packet information (e.g., an RI and a CQI) , the Tx device 205-a may place the one or more bits 225-a in lower index subchannels (e.g., the subchannel 220-a) , which may in some cases represent higher reliability subchannels, compared to the one or more bits 225-b to improve a chance of decoding both of the packets.
[0099] FIGs. 3A and 3B show examples of a decoding algorithm 301 and an encoding scheme 302 that support polar encoding with different probabilities for bits in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the decoding algorithm 301 and the encoding scheme 302 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100, the wireless communications system 200, or both. For example, the decoding algorithm 301 and the encoding scheme 302 may represent processes and mappings to subchannels 320 for a polar encoded signal 315 transmitted from a Tx device 205 to an Rx device 210. In some examples, the polar encoded signal 315-a may be transmitted as UCI from a UE 115 to a network entity 105, or as DCI from a network entity 105 to a UE 115.
[0100] In some examples, the FIG. 3A may represent an algorithm to improve polar decoding using one or more probabilities. For example, an Rx device 210 may decode the signal 315-a according to the decoding algorithm 301, which may factor in different a priori probabilities for information bit processing. The decoding algorithm 301 may also represent a last stage of a polar decoder of the Rx device 210. For example, for a polar code block of length N=2n for the signal 315-a, the decoder may include n decoding stages for the n stages of the block, where the last decoding stage n (for the last stage n of the block) may be illustrated in FIG. 3. Additionally, or alternatively, the decoding algorithm 301 may be implemented in one or more other stages or in any quantity of stages of a decoder or other device. In some cases, a base algorithm for decoding the polar encoded signal 315-a may include calculating decoded bits and according to a min-sum operation involving functions f and g, which operations may be represented according to equations 1 and 2 below:
[0101] Notably, the operation f may be performed to find the decoded bit where the decoded bit may be based on a result of the previous function. For example, calculating may involve performing a sign function of Λ0 and Λ1, which may represent LLR values, for example, for two corresponding encoded bits, while calculating may involve arithmetic and multiplication involving Λ0, and Λ1. In a representative example, a received signal 315-a may include a set of multiple encoded bits, including an encoded bit 325-a and an encoded bit 325-b, and an Rx device 210 may calculate the LLR value Λ0 corresponding to encoded bit 325-a and the LLR value Λ1 corresponding to the encoded bit 325-b.
[0102] To improve bit estimation in decoding, LLR probability values p0 and p1 for corresponding information bits may be added to Equations 1 and 2, so that new Equations 3 and 4 may be used in decoding instead, as represented below:
[0103] Notably, p0 and p1 may be represented by and which may represent LLR probability values associated with an original probability p of one or more information bits having a value. In some examples, a probability p may represent an a priori probability (e.g., that is known before the algorithm occurs) . For example, the probability p may represent a previous or prior probability that is estimated based on previous data. Further, the probability p my associated with entropy based on a binary entropy function, e.g., h2 (p) =-p*log2 (p) - (1-p) *log2 (1-p) . The probability may also be associated with one or more bits before or after transmission. In some examples, an Rx device 210 or a Tx device 205 or both may determine probabilities p based on information related to corresponding encoded and decoded bits and related messaging, or other factors. Additionally, or alternatively, a Tx device 205 may indicate probabilities to an Rx device 210, or vice versa.
[0104] In an example, if the bits 325-a and 325-b are HARQ-ACK bits, a value of an original probability p of the bit 325-a and the bit 325-b having a ‘1’ value (e.g., corresponding to ACK) may be p = 0.9. The probability p may be converted to an LLR probability value pLLR, which may represent one or both of p0 and p1, for input into decoding according to general Equation 5 below.
[0105] In some examples, p0 or p1 may be equal if corresponding to a same probability, such as for two HARQ-ACK bits, and may be based on a same p value. Additionally, or alternatively, different probabilities p for each of the bits 325-a and 325-b may be converted into unique values for p0 and p1, for example, if corresponding to bits associated with different probabilities. By adding a priori probabilities in the form of p0 and p1 into the decoding process, an Rx device 210 may improve a quantity of correctly decoded bits, which may reduce a BER in decoding processes for polar codes.
[0106] Additionally, or alternatively, a Tx device 205 may improve an encoding of one or more bits using a polar code by mapping equal probability bits to higher reliable channels, which may correspond to lower subchannel indexes, as illustrated in FIG. 3B. For example, a Tx device 205 may place one or more bits 325-c associated with equal probability, or uniform probability, (e.g., data bits of a payload with 50%known probability at a receiver) in one or more subchannels associated with relatively higher reliability (e.g., lower index) than subchannels in which non-equal probability, or non-uniform probability, bits 325-d are placed (e.g., higher indexes) . For example, equal probability bits may be placed in a first range or set of more reliable subchannels while the non-equal probability bits may be placed in a second range or set of channels with lower reliability that may or may not overlap with the first range or set.
[0107] In some examples, a Tx device 205, Rx device 210, or network may define quantities of subchannels W for mapping equal and non-equal probability bits according to Equation 6 below:
[0108] may represent a quantity of subchannels 320 for which pu<0.5 based on a given probability p (e.g., or ) , where pu and p may represent a non-equal or non-uniform probability. In contrast, may represent a quantity of subchannels 320 for which pu=0.5, where pu and p may represent a uniform probability. In some examples, bits with a non-uniform probability may be associated with a lower and lower capacity the further from pu=0.5 that the bits are. Notably, as non-uniform probability bits may be associated with a lower capacity than uniform probability bits, placing such in lower reliability subchannels 320 while placing uniform bits in higher reliability subchannels 320 may increase an overall BER and success in decoding for polar encoded transmissions by increasing a chance of correctly decoding uniform probability bits.
[0109] FIG. 4 shows an example of an encoding scheme 400 that supports polar encoding with different probabilities for bits in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. that supports polar encoding with different probabilities and correlation for bits in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the encoding scheme 400 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100, the wireless communications system 200, the decoding algorithm 301, the encoding scheme 302, or any combination thereof. For example, the encoding scheme 400 may be implemented by one or more Tx devices 205 or Rx devices 210, such as by one or more UEs 115, one or more network entities 105, or both, which may be examples of the corresponding devices as described herein. Notably, the encoding scheme 400 may support polar encoding based on correlation between one or more bits.
[0110] For example, a signal may include one or more bits 425-a, which may be referred to as dependent bits, and one or more bits 425-b, which may be referred to as correlated bits, where the correlated bits 425-b may depend upon the dependent bits 425-a. For example, the one or more bits 425-a may be an example of a first bit of a first information packet, such as an RI of a part-1 CSI. Similarly, the one or more bits 425-b may be an example of one or more second bits of a second information packet, such as one or more CQI field bits of a part-2 CSI. In some cases, the RI of the part-1 CSI may indicate a size of a payload for the total CSI, where the CQI field bits may represent the payload. In some cases, a Tx device 205 may jointly encode the RI and the CQI bits.
[0111] A Tx device 205 may in some cases map correlated bits to lower reliability subchannels 320 than dependent bits to improve performance in decoding at a Rx device 210. For example, the Tx device 205 may place the bit 425-a in a subchannel 420-a and may place the one or more bits 425-b, including two bits, in the subchannels 420-b and 420-c, which may represent subchannels with higher indexes compared to the subchannel 420-a. In some cases, the subchannels 420-b and 420-c may be the lowest index reliable subchannels immediately following the subchannel 420-a for the dependent bit, and in such cases may have a lower reliability than the subchannel 420-a (e.g., higher subchannel indexes may have a lower reliability) . In some cases, a subchannel index j (e.g., a u-domain subchannel index) may be defined, where the dependent bit 425-a (e.g., RI bit) may be placed at the j-th subchannel index. WCQI may represent one or more lowest indexed associated subchannels of a total quantity of subchannels, where WCQI may be within Wj+1~WN for a block N code (e.g., lowest indexed subchannels 420 with a highest reliability in remaining subchannels after j) . In some examples, j may be predefined or configured (e.g., semi-statically or dynamically) at a device by a network to allocate the highest reliable u-domain channels to dependent bits (e.g., highest indexes before or including j) , and the lowest reliable u-domain channels to correlated bits.
[0112] By placing dependent bits in lower index subchannels, decoding performance may be further improved. For example, placing an RI in a lower index subchannel may improve a chance that the RI is correctly decoded as the RI may be decoded first, resulting in correct assumption of a payload of the CQI bits, which may improve a chance of accurate decoding of each of the correlated bits without data (e.g., by assuming a smaller payload size) . Further, placing an RI in a higher reliable subchannel, for example, if lower indexes correspond to higher reliability, may further improve a chance of decoding by improving a chance of successfully receiving and decoding the RI. Correctly decoding the RI may also saving resources (e.g., by avoiding assuming a larger payload size) . In some cases, the CQI bits may include one or more zero padded bits in a payload. In some examples, the RI may be mapped to or placed in subchannels before placing the CQI bits, where subchannels for CQI bits may be determined after placing the RI.
[0113] FIG. 5 shows an example of a process flow 500 that supports polar encoding with different probabilities for bits in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the process flow 500 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100, the wireless communications system 200, the decoding algorithm 301, the encoding scheme 302, the encoding scheme 400, or any combination thereof. For example, the process flow 500 may include a Tx device 205-b and an Rx device 210-b, which may be examples of corresponding devices as described herein.
[0114] In the following description of the process flow 500, the operations may be performed (such as reported or provided) in a different order than the order shown, or the operations performed by the example devices may be performed in different orders or at different times. Some operations also may be omitted from the process flow 500, or other operations may be added to the process flow 500. Further, although some operations or signaling may be shown to occur at different times for discussion purposes, these operations may actually occur at the same time or at least partially concurrently.
[0115] In some examples, the Tx device 205-b and the Rx device 210-b may encode and decode bits using one or more non-equal (e.g., non-uniform) or equal (e.g., uniform) probabilities. For example, At 505, the Tx device 205-b (e.g., a transmitting wireless communication device) may polar encode a set of multiple bits (e.g., information bits) , for example, of a codeword. In some examples, the Tx device 205-b may at 510 polar encode a first bit of the codeword and at 515 may polar encode one or more second bits of the codeword.
[0116] In some examples, the first bit may be polar encoded to determine a first encoded bit (e.g., the bit 225-a or 325-a) associated with a first probability of the first bit, having a first value (e.g., a first probability value or percentage) . Similarly, the second bit may be polar encoded to determine a second encoded bit (e.g., the bit 225-b or 325-b) associated with a second probability of the second bit, having a second value (e.g., a second probability value or percentage) . The first value and the second value may be different or may have a same value. In some examples, the first value may be different than a third value of a third probability of the first information bit. Further, the first probability and the second probability may include a first a priori probability and a second a priori probability associated with the first bit and the second bit, respectively. Polar encoding the first bit and the second bit may involve placing the first information bit in a first subchannel of a polar code and placing the second information bit in a second subchannel of the polar code. Additionally, or alternatively, at 520, the Tx device 205-b may polar encode a third bit (e.g., the bit 225-c) of the set of multiple bits by placing the third bit in a third subchannel of the polar code. In some cases, a reliability of the third subchannel may be greater than a reliability of the first subchannel, a reliability of the second subchannel, or both. Further, a capacity of the third bit may be greater than a capacity of the first information bit, a capacity of the second information bit, or both. The third bit may in some cases be associated with a uniform probability, which may also be an a priori probability.
[0117] At 525, the Tx device 205-b may output or transmit, and the Rx device 210-b may obtain or receive, a signal indicating a set of multiple LLR values of the polar encoded codeword based on encoding the first bit and the second bit. For example, the Rx device 210-b may receive a signal indicating the set of multiple LLR values, where each LLR value may be associated with one or more probabilities of corresponding bits.
[0118] At 530, the Rx device 210-b may decode the encoded set of multiple bits. For example, the Rx device 210-b may decode a first encoded bit (e.g., encoded information bit) at 535 and a second encoded bit at 540. In some examples, the first encoded bit may be decoded at 535 using a first function (e.g., f) involving the first probability to determine a first decoded bit (e.g., first decoded information bit) based on inputting a first LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values and a second LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values into the first function. The second encoded bit may be decoded at 540 using a second function (e.g., g) involving the second probability to determine a second decoded bit based on inputting the first LLR value, the second LLR value, and the first decoded information bit into the second function Additionally, or alternatively, at 545, the Rx device 210-b may decode a third encoded bit.
[0119] In some examples, the first function (e.g., f) may include a sum of a first function value and the first value and the second function (e.g., g) may include a sum of a second function value and the second value. Further, the first function value may be based on the first bit and the second bit, and the second function value may be based on the first bit, the second bit, and a result of the first function. In some cases, the first decoded bit and the second decoded bit, as well as the first encoded bit and the second encoded bit, may be associated with the first and second LLR values of the set of multiple LLR values, respectively. In some examples, the decoding of the first encoded bit and the decoding of the second encoded bit may be performed during a last decoding stage of multiple decoding stages and may be associated with a last stage of a polar code block corresponding to the polar encoded codeword.
[0120] Additionally, or alternatively, the Tx device 205 and the Rx device 210 may encode and decode bits based on correlation between bits. For example, the Tx device 205-b may polar encode the set of multiple bits (e.g., of the codeword) based on jointly encoding a first bit of a first information packet and one or more second bits of a second information packet. For example, at 505 (e.g., at 515 or 520) the Tx device 205-b may jointly encode the first bit and the one or more second bits of the two information packets, where the one or more second bits may be associated with the first bit based on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet. In some cases, encoding the first bit may be based on placing the first bit in a first subchannel of a polar code, and encoding the one or more second bits may be based on placing the one or more second bits in one or more second subchannels of the polar code, where the first subchannel corresponds to a first subchannel index and the one or more second subchannels correspond to one or more second subchannel indexes that are greater than the first subchannel index.
[0121] In some examples, the first bit of the jointly encoded packets may indicate a payload size associated with the one or more second bits. Additionally, or alternatively, the payload size may include or be a sum of a quantity of the one or more second bits and a quantity of one or more frozen bits. Additionally, or alternatively, the first polar code may include a set of multiple subchannels, where a first subset of the set of multiple subchannels may include the first subchannel and a second subset of the set of multiple subchannels may include the one or more second subchannels based on the first subchannel index.
[0122] In some examples, the first information packet may include a first CSI message including the first bit and the second information packet may include a second CSI message including the one or more second bits. Additionally, or alternatively, the first bit may indicate an RI value and the one or more second bits may indicate CQI associated with the RI value. In some examples, the first subchannel of the first polar code is associated with a first capacity, and the one or more second subchannels of the first polar code are associated with one or more respective second capacities that are less than the first capacity.
[0123] At 525, the Tx device 205-b may transmit a signal indicating the set of multiple bits of the codeword that may be based on jointly encoding the first bit of the first information packet and the one or more second bits of the second information packet. At 530 (e.g., 535, 540) the Rx device 210-b may decode the first encoded bit to determine a first decoded bit based on using the first subchannel and may decode the one or more second encoded bits to determine one or more second decoded bits based on using the one or more second subchannels that correspond to one or more respective second subchannel indexes.
[0124] Further, the decoding of the one or more second bits may be based on the one or more second encoded bits being associated with the first encoded bit. For example, a CQI of the one or more second encoded bits may be decoded after and based on decoding an RI of the first encoded bit based on subchannel placement. Such decoding may also be based on reliability or capacity of subchannels. In some examples, successfully decoding the one or more second bits may be based on determining a payload size associated with the one or more second bits that may be based on using the first subchannel associated with the first subchannel index to successfully decode the first bit. In some cases, although the examples described herein are described separately, any of the features herein may be performed together or separately in any combination. For example, bits of a first packet and a second packet may be jointly encoded and decoded based on both correlation between bits (e.g., based on an association of a first information packet of a first bit and a second information packet of a second bit) as well as related probabilities.
[0125] FIG. 6 shows a block diagram 600 of a device 605 that supports polar encoding with different probabilities for bits in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 605 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 605 may include a receiver 610, a transmitter 615, and a communications manager 620. The device 605, or one or more components of the device 605 (e.g., the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, the communications manager 620) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0126] The receiver 610 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to polar encoding with different probabilities for bits) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 605. The receiver 610 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0127] The transmitter 615 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 605. For example, the transmitter 615 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to polar encoding with different probabilities for bits) . In some examples, the transmitter 615 may be co-located with a receiver 610 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 615 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0128] The communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of polar encoding with different probabilities for bits as described herein. For example, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0129] In some examples, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , a central processing unit (CPU) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0130] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor (e.g., referred to as a processor-executable code) . If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0131] In some examples, the communications manager 620 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both. For example, the communications manager 620 may receive information from the receiver 610, send information to the transmitter 615, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0132] The communications manager 620 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a signal indicating a set of multiple LLR values of a polar encoded codeword, where each LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values is associated with one or more probabilities of corresponding information bits. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding a first information bit using a first function to determine a first decoded information bit based on inputting a first LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values and a second LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values into the first function, the first function involving a first probability of the first information bit having a first value. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding a second information bit using a second function to determine a second decoded information bit based on inputting the first LLR value, the second LLR value, and the first decoded information bit into the second function, the second function involving a second probability of the second information bit having a second value.
[0133] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 620 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a signal including a set of multiple bits of a codeword, the set of multiple bits including a first bit of a first information packet and one or more second bits of a second information packet, the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit based on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding the first bit to determine a first decoded bit based on a using a first subchannel of a polar code that corresponds to a first subchannel index. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding the one or more second bits to determine one or more second decoded bits based on using one or more second subchannels of the polar code that correspond to one or more respective second subchannel indexes, the one or more respective second subchannel indexes being greater than the first subchannel index, the decoding of the one or more second bits based on the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit.
[0134] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 620 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for polar encoding a first information bit of a codeword to determine a first encoded information bit, the first encoded information bit associated with a first probability of the first information bit having a first value. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for polar encoding a second information bit of the codeword to determine a second encoded information bit, the second encoded information bit associated with a second probability of the second information bit having a second value. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a signal indicating a set of multiple LLR values of the polar encoded codeword based on encoding the first information bit and the second information bit.
[0135] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 620 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for polar encoding a set of multiple information bits of a codeword based on jointly encoding a first bit of a first information packet and one or more second bits of a second information packet, the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit based on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet, where encoding the first bit is based on placing the first bit in a first subchannel of a polar code, and encoding the one or more second bits is based on placing the one or more second bits in one or more second subchannels of the polar code, where the first subchannel corresponds to a first subchannel index and the one or more second subchannels correspond to one or more second subchannel indexes that are greater than the first subchannel index. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a signal indicating a set of multiple encoded bits based on jointly encoding the first bit of the first information packet and the one or more second bits of the second information packet.
[0136] By including or configuring the communications manager 620 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 605 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, the communications manager 620, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for reduced processing, reduced power consumption, and more efficient utilization of communication resources by incorporating probability into decoding as well as placing (e.g., mapping) bits in different subchannels during encoding based on probability uniformity and correlation between bits.
[0137] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a device 705 that supports polar encoding with different probabilities for bits in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 705 may be an example of aspects of a device 605, a UE 115, or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communications manager 720. The device 705, or one or more components of the device 705 (e.g., the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, the communications manager 720) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0138] The receiver 710 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to polar encoding with different probabilities for bits) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 705. The receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0139] The transmitter 715 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 705. For example, the transmitter 715 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to polar encoding with different probabilities for bits) . In some examples, the transmitter 715 may be co-located with a receiver 710 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 715 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0140] The device 705, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of polar encoding with different probabilities for bits as described herein. For example, the communications manager 720 may include a signal component 725, a decoding component 730, an encoding component 735, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 720 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 620 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 720, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both. For example, the communications manager 720 may receive information from the receiver 710, send information to the transmitter 715, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0141] The communications manager 720 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The signal component 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a signal indicating a set of multiple LLR values of a polar encoded codeword, where each LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values is associated with one or more probabilities of corresponding information bits. The decoding component 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding a first information bit using a first function to determine a first decoded information bit based on inputting a first LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values and a second LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values into the first function, the first function involving a first probability of the first information bit having a first value. The decoding component 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding a second information bit using a second function to determine a second decoded information bit based on inputting the first LLR value, the second LLR value, and the first decoded information bit into the second function, the second function involving a second probability of the second information bit having a second value.
[0142] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 720 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The signal component 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a signal including a set of multiple bits of a codeword, the set of multiple bits including a first bit of a first information packet and one or more second bits of a second information packet, the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit based on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet. The decoding component 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding the first bit to determine a first decoded bit based on a using a first subchannel of a polar code that corresponds to a first subchannel index. The decoding component 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding the one or more second bits to determine one or more second decoded bits based on using one or more second subchannels of the polar code that correspond to one or more respective second subchannel indexes, the one or more respective second subchannel indexes being greater than the first subchannel index, the decoding of the one or more second bits based on the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit.
[0143] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 720 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The encoding component 735 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for polar encoding a first information bit of a codeword to determine a first encoded information bit, the first encoded information bit associated with a first probability of the first information bit having a first value. The encoding component 735 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for polar encoding a second information bit of the codeword to determine a second encoded information bit, the second encoded information bit associated with a second probability of the second information bit having a second value. The signal component 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a signal indicating a set of multiple LLR values of the polar encoded codeword based on encoding the first information bit and the second information bit.
[0144] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 720 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The encoding component 735 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for polar encoding a set of multiple information bits of a codeword based on jointly encoding a first bit of a first information packet and one or more second bits of a second information packet, the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit based on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet, where encoding the first bit is based on placing the first bit in a first subchannel of a polar code, and encoding the one or more second bits is based on placing the one or more second bits in one or more second subchannels of the polar code, where the first subchannel corresponds to a first subchannel index and the one or more second subchannels correspond to one or more second subchannel indexes that are greater than the first subchannel index. The signal component 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a signal indicating a set of multiple encoded bits based on jointly encoding the first bit of the first information packet and the one or more second bits of the second information packet.
[0145] FIG. 8 shows a block diagram 800 of a communications manager 820 that supports polar encoding with different probabilities for bits in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 820 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 620, a communications manager 720, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 820, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of polar encoding with different probabilities for bits as described herein. For example, the communications manager 820 may include a signal component 825, a decoding component 830, an encoding component 835, a subchannel placement component 840, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) . The communications may include communications within a protocol layer of a protocol stack, communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack, within a device, component, or virtualized component associated with a network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualized components associated with a network entity 105) , or any combination thereof.
[0146] The communications manager 820 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The signal component 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a signal indicating a set of multiple LLR values of a polar encoded codeword, where each LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values is associated with one or more probabilities of corresponding information bits. The decoding component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding a first information bit using a first function to determine a first decoded information bit based on inputting a first LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values and a second LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values into the first function, the first function involving a first probability of the first information bit having a first value. In some examples, the decoding component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding a second information bit using a second function to determine a second decoded information bit based on inputting the first LLR value, the second LLR value, and the first decoded information bit into the second function, the second function involving a second probability of the second information bit having a second value.
[0147] In some examples, the decoding of the first information bit and the decoding of the second information bit is performed during a last decoding stage of multiple decoding stages and is associated with a last stage of a polar code block corresponding to the polar encoded codeword.
[0148] In some examples, the decoding component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding a third information bit, where a reliability of a channel associated with the third information bit is greater than a reliability of a channel associated with the first information bit, a reliability of a channel associated with the second information bit, or both.
[0149] In some examples, a capacity of the third information bit is greater than a capacity of the first information bit, a capacity of the second information bit, or both.
[0150] In some examples, the first function includes a sum of a first function value and the first value. In some examples, the second function includes a sum of a second function value and the second value. In some examples, the first function value is based on the first information bit and the second information bit. In some examples, the second function value is based on the first information bit, the second information bit, and a result of the first function.
[0151] In some examples, the first information bit is associated with the first LLR value and the second information bit is associated with the second LLR value.
[0152] In some examples, the first value is different than a third value of a third probability of the first information bit.
[0153] In some examples, the first probability and the second probability include a first a priori probability and a second a priori probability associated with the first information bit and the second information bit, respectively.
[0154] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 820 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, the signal component 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a signal including a set of multiple bits of a codeword, the set of multiple bits including a first bit of a first information packet and one or more second bits of a second information packet, the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit based on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet. In some examples, the decoding component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding the first bit to determine a first decoded bit based on a using a first subchannel of a polar code that corresponds to a first subchannel index. In some examples, the decoding component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding the one or more second bits to determine one or more second decoded bits based on using one or more second subchannels of the polar code that correspond to one or more respective second subchannel indexes, the one or more respective second subchannel indexes being greater than the first subchannel index, the decoding of the one or more second bits based on the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit.
[0155] In some examples, to support decoding the one or more second bits, the decoding component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for successfully decoding the one or more second bits based on determining a payload size associated with the one or more second bits, where determining the payload size is based on using the first subchannel associated with the first subchannel index to successfully decode the first bit.
[0156] In some examples, the payload size includes a sum of a quantity of the one or more second bits and a quantity of one or more frozen bits.
[0157] In some examples, the polar code includes a set of multiple subchannels. In some examples, a first subset of the set of multiple subchannels includes the first subchannel. In some examples, a second subset of the set of multiple subchannels includes the one or more second subchannels based on the first subchannel index.
[0158] In some examples, the first information packet includes a first channel state information message including the first bit. In some examples, the second information packet includes a second channel state information message including the one or more second bits.
[0159] In some examples, the first bit indicates a rank indicator value.
[0160] In some examples, the one or more second bits indicate channel quality information associated with the rank indicator value.
[0161] In some examples, the first subchannel of the polar code is associated with a first capacity. In some examples, the one or more second subchannels of the polar code are associated with one or more respective second capacities that are less than the first capacity.
[0162] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 820 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The encoding component 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for polar encoding a first information bit of a codeword to determine a first encoded information bit, the first encoded information bit associated with a first probability of the first information bit having a first value. In some examples, the encoding component 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for polar encoding a second information bit of the codeword to determine a second encoded information bit, the second encoded information bit associated with a second probability of the second information bit having a second value. In some examples, the signal component 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a signal indicating a set of multiple LLR values of the polar encoded codeword based on encoding the first information bit and the second information bit.
[0163] In some examples, to support polar encoding the first information bit and the second information bit, the subchannel placement component 840 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for placing the first information bit in a first subchannel of a polar code. In some examples, to support polar encoding the first information bit and the second information bit, the subchannel placement component 840 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for placing the second information bit in a second subchannel of the polar code. In some examples, the subchannel placement component 840 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for placing a third information bit in a third subchannel of the polar code, where a reliability of the third subchannel is greater than a reliability of the first subchannel, a reliability of the second subchannel, or both.
[0164] In some examples, a capacity of the third information bit is greater than a capacity of the first information bit, a capacity of the second information bit, or both.
[0165] In some examples, the first information bit corresponds to a first information packet. In some examples, the second information bit corresponds to a second information packet and is associated with the first information bit based on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet.
[0166] In some examples, the first information bit is associated with the first LLR value and the second information bit is associated with the second LLR value.
[0167] In some examples, the first probability and the second probability include a first a priori probability and a second a priori probability associated with the first information bit and the second information bit, respectively.
[0168] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 820 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, the encoding component 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for polar encoding a set of multiple information bits of a codeword based on jointly encoding a first bit of a first information packet and one or more second bits of a second information packet, the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit based on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet, where encoding the first bit is based on placing the first bit in a first subchannel of a polar code, and encoding the one or more second bits is based on placing the one or more second bits in one or more second subchannels of the polar code, where the first subchannel corresponds to a first subchannel index and the one or more second subchannels correspond to one or more second subchannel indexes that are greater than the first subchannel index. In some examples, the signal component 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a signal indicating a set of multiple encoded bits based on jointly encoding the first bit of the first information packet and the one or more second bits of the second information packet.
[0169] In some examples, the first bit indicates a payload size associated with the one or more second bits.
[0170] In some examples, the payload size includes a sum of a quantity of the one or more second bits and a quantity of one or more frozen bits.
[0171] In some examples, the polar code includes a set of multiple subchannels. In some examples, a first subset of the set of multiple subchannels includes the first subchannel. In some examples, a second subset of the set of multiple subchannels includes the one or more second subchannels based on the first subchannel index.
[0172] In some examples, the first information packet includes a first channel state information message including the first bit. In some examples, the second information packet includes a second channel state information message including the one or more second bits.
[0173] In some examples, the first bit indicates a rank indicator value.
[0174] In some examples, the one or more second bits indicate channel quality information associated with the rank indicator value.
[0175] In some examples, the first subchannel of the polar code is associated with a first capacity. In some examples, the one or more second subchannels of the polar code are associated with one or more respective second capacities that are less than the first capacity.
[0176] FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system 900 including a device 905 that supports polar encoding with different probabilities for bits in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 905 may be an example of or include components of a device 605, a device 705, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 905 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more other devices (e.g., network entities 105, UEs 115, or a combination thereof) . The device 905 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 920, an input / output (I / O) controller, such as an I / O controller 910, a transceiver 915, one or more antennas 925, at least one memory 930, code 935, and at least one processor 940. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 945) .
[0177] The I / O controller 910 may manage input and output signals for the device 905. The I / O controller 910 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 905. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally, or alternatively, the I / O controller 910 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as the at least one processor 940. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 905 via the I / O controller 910 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 910.
[0178] In some cases, the device 905 may include a single antenna. However, in some other cases, the device 905 may have more than one antenna, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 915 may communicate bi-directionally via the one or more antennas 925 using wired or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 915 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 915 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 925 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 925. The transceiver 915, or the transceiver 915 and one or more antennas 925, may be an example of a transmitter 615, a transmitter 715, a receiver 610, a receiver 710, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.
[0179] The at least one memory 930 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The at least one memory 930 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 935. The code 935 may include instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 940, cause the device 905 to perform various functions described herein. The code 935 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 935 may not be directly executable by the at least one processor 940 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 930 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0180] The at least one processor 940 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 940 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the at least one processor 940. The at least one processor 940 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the at least one memory 930) to cause the device 905 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting polar encoding with different probabilities for bits) . For example, the device 905 or a component of the device 905 may include at least one processor 940 and at least one memory 930 coupled with or to the at least one processor 940, the at least one processor 940 and the at least one memory 930 configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 940 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 930 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 940 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 940) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 930) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 940 or a processing system including the at least one processor 940 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 905 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code 935 (e.g., processor-executable code) stored in the at least one memory 930 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0181] The communications manager 920 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a signal indicating a set of multiple LLR values of a polar encoded codeword, where each LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values is associated with one or more probabilities of corresponding information bits. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding a first information bit using a first function to determine a first decoded information bit based on inputting a first LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values and a second LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values into the first function, the first function involving a first probability of the first information bit having a first value. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding a second information bit using a second function to determine a second decoded information bit based on inputting the first LLR value, the second LLR value, and the first decoded information bit into the second function, the second function involving a second probability of the second information bit having a second value.
[0182] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 920 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a signal including a set of multiple bits of a codeword, the set of multiple bits including a first bit of a first information packet and one or more second bits of a second information packet, the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit based on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding the first bit to determine a first decoded bit based on a using a first subchannel of a polar code that corresponds to a first subchannel index. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding the one or more second bits to determine one or more second decoded bits based on using one or more second subchannels of the polar code that correspond to one or more respective second subchannel indexes, the one or more respective second subchannel indexes being greater than the first subchannel index, the decoding of the one or more second bits based on the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit.
[0183] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 920 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for polar encoding a first information bit of a codeword to determine a first encoded information bit, the first encoded information bit associated with a first probability of the first information bit having a first value. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for polar encoding a second information bit of the codeword to determine a second encoded information bit, the second encoded information bit associated with a second probability of the second information bit having a second value. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a signal indicating a set of multiple LLR values of the polar encoded codeword based on encoding the first information bit and the second information bit.
[0184] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 920 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for polar encoding a set of multiple information bits of a codeword based on jointly encoding a first bit of a first information packet and one or more second bits of a second information packet, the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit based on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet, where encoding the first bit is based on placing the first bit in a first subchannel of a polar code, and encoding the one or more second bits is based on placing the one or more second bits in one or more second subchannels of the polar code, where the first subchannel corresponds to a first subchannel index and the one or more second subchannels correspond to one or more second subchannel indexes that are greater than the first subchannel index. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a signal indicating a set of multiple encoded bits based on jointly encoding the first bit of the first information packet and the one or more second bits of the second information packet.
[0185] By including or configuring the communications manager 920 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 905 may support techniques for improved communication reliability, reduced latency, improved user experience related to reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient utilization of communication resources, improved coordination between devices, longer battery life, and improved utilization of processing capability by incorporating probability into decoding as well as placing (e.g., mapping) bits in different subchannels during encoding based on probability uniformity and correlation between bits.
[0186] In some examples, the communications manager 920 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 915, the one or more antennas 925, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 920 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 920 may be supported by or performed by the at least one processor 940, the at least one memory 930, the code 935, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 935 may include instructions executable by the at least one processor 940 to cause the device 905 to perform various aspects of polar encoding with different probabilities for bits as described herein, or the at least one processor 940 and the at least one memory 930 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0187] FIG. 10 shows a diagram of a system 1000 including a device 1005 that supports polar encoding with different probabilities for bits in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1005 may be an example of or include components of a device 605, a device 705, or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1005 may communicate with other network devices or network equipment such as one or more of the network entities 105, UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The communications may include communications over one or more wired interfaces, over one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. The device 1005 may include components that support outputting and obtaining communications, such as a communications manager 1020, a transceiver 1010, one or more antennas 1015, at least one memory 1025, code 1030, and at least one processor 1035. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1040) .
[0188] The transceiver 1010 may support bi-directional communications via wired links, wireless links, or both as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver 1010 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally, or alternatively, in some examples, the transceiver 1010 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 1005 may include one or more antennas 1015, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently) . The transceiver 1010 may also include a modem to modulate signals, to provide the modulated signals for transmission (e.g., by one or more antennas 1015, by a wired transmitter) , to receive modulated signals (e.g., from one or more antennas 1015, from a wired receiver) , and to demodulate signals. In some implementations, the transceiver 1010 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1015 that are configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations, or one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1015 that are configured to support various transmitting or outputting operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1010 may include or be configured for coupling with one or more processors or one or more memory components that are operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other outputting, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1010, or the transceiver 1010 and the one or more antennas 1015, or the transceiver 1010 and the one or more antennas 1015 and one or more processors or one or more memory components (e.g., the at least one processor 1035, the at least one memory 1025, or both) , may be included in a chip or chip assembly that is installed in the device 1005. In some examples, the transceiver 1010 may be operable to support communications via one or more communications links (e.g., communication link (s) 125, backhaul communication link (s) 120, a midhaul communication link 162, a fronthaul communication link 168) .
[0189] The at least one memory 1025 may include RAM, ROM, or any combination thereof. The at least one memory 1025 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 1030. The code 1030 may include instructions that, when executed by one or more of the at least one processor 1035, cause the device 1005 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1030 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1030 may not be directly executable by a processor of the at least one processor 1035 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 1025 may include, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. In some examples, the at least one processor 1035 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1025 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein (for example, as part of a processing system) .
[0190] The at least one processor 1035 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA, a microcontroller, a programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 1035 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into one or more of the at least one processor 1035. The at least one processor 1035 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., one or more of the at least one memory 1025) to cause the device 1005 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting polar encoding with different probabilities for bits) . For example, the device 1005 or a component of the device 1005 may include at least one processor 1035 and at least one memory 1025 coupled with one or more of the at least one processor 1035, the at least one processor 1035 and the at least one memory 1025 configured to perform various functions described herein. The at least one processor 1035 may be an example of a cloud-computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as operating systems, virtual machines, or container instances) that may host the functions (e.g., by executing code 1030) to perform the functions of the device 1005. The at least one processor 1035 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in the device 1005 (such as within one or more of the at least one memory 1025) . In some examples, the at least one processor 1035 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1025 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 1035 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 1035) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 1025) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 1035 or a processing system including the at least one processor 1035 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 1005 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code stored in the at least one memory 1025 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0191] In some examples, a bus 1040 may support communications of (e.g., within) a protocol layer of a protocol stack. In some examples, a bus 1040 may support communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack) , which may include communications performed within a component of the device 1005, or between different components of the device 1005 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where the device 1005 may refer to a system in which one or more of the communications manager 1020, the transceiver 1010, the at least one memory 1025, the code 1030, and the at least one processor 1035 may be located in one of the different components or divided between different components) .
[0192] In some examples, the communications manager 1020 may manage aspects of communications with a core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links) . For example, the communications manager 1020 may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communications manager 1020 may manage communications with one or more other network devices 105, and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115 (e.g., in cooperation with the one or more other network devices) . In some examples, the communications manager 1020 may support an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communications network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.
[0193] The communications manager 1020 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a signal indicating a set of multiple LLR values of a polar encoded codeword, where each LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values is associated with one or more probabilities of corresponding information bits. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding a first information bit using a first function to determine a first decoded information bit based on inputting a first LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values and a second LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values into the first function, the first function involving a first probability of the first information bit having a first value. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding a second information bit using a second function to determine a second decoded information bit based on inputting the first LLR value, the second LLR value, and the first decoded information bit into the second function, the second function involving a second probability of the second information bit having a second value.
[0194] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1020 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a signal including a set of multiple bits of a codeword, the set of multiple bits including a first bit of a first information packet and one or more second bits of a second information packet, the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit based on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding the first bit to determine a first decoded bit based on a using a first subchannel of a polar code that corresponds to a first subchannel index. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding the one or more second bits to determine one or more second decoded bits based on using one or more second subchannels of the polar code that correspond to one or more respective second subchannel indexes, the one or more respective second subchannel indexes being greater than the first subchannel index, the decoding of the one or more second bits based on the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit.
[0195] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1020 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for polar encoding a first information bit of a codeword to determine a first encoded information bit, the first encoded information bit associated with a first probability of the first information bit having a first value. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for polar encoding a second information bit of the codeword to determine a second encoded information bit, the second encoded information bit associated with a second probability of the second information bit having a second value. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a signal indicating a set of multiple LLR values of the polar encoded codeword based on encoding the first information bit and the second information bit.
[0196] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1020 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for polar encoding a set of multiple information bits of a codeword based on jointly encoding a first bit of a first information packet and one or more second bits of a second information packet, the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit based on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet, where encoding the first bit is based on placing the first bit in a first subchannel of a polar code, and encoding the one or more second bits is based on placing the one or more second bits in one or more second subchannels of the polar code, where the first subchannel corresponds to a first subchannel index and the one or more second subchannels correspond to one or more second subchannel indexes that are greater than the first subchannel index. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a signal indicating a set of multiple encoded bits based on jointly encoding the first bit of the first information packet and the one or more second bits of the second information packet.
[0197] By including or configuring the communications manager 1020 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1005 may support techniques for improved communication reliability, reduced latency, improved user experience related to reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient utilization of communication resources, improved coordination between devices, longer battery life, and improved utilization of processing capability by incorporating probability into decoding as well as placing (e.g., mapping) bits in different subchannels during encoding based on probability uniformity and correlation between bits.
[0198] In some examples, the communications manager 1020 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1010, the one or more antennas 1015 (e.g., where applicable) , or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1020 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1020 may be supported by or performed by the transceiver 1010, one or more of the at least one processor 1035, one or more of the at least one memory 1025, the code 1030, or any combination thereof (for example, by a processing system including at least a portion of the at least one processor 1035, the at least one memory 1025, the code 1030, or any combination thereof) . For example, the code 1030 may include instructions executable by one or more of the at least one processor 1035 to cause the device 1005 to perform various aspects of polar encoding with different probabilities for bits as described herein, or the at least one processor 1035 and the at least one memory 1025 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0199] FIG. 11 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1100 that supports polar encoding with different probabilities for bits in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by a UE 115 or a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In some examples, a UE or a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE or the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0200] At 1105, the method may include receiving a signal indicating a set of multiple LLR values of a polar encoded codeword, where each LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values is associated with one or more probabilities of corresponding information bits. The operations of 1105 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1105 may be performed by a signal component 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0201] At 1110, the method may include decoding a first information bit using a first function to determine a first decoded information bit based on inputting a first LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values and a second LLR value of the set of multiple LLR values into the first function, the first function involving a first probability of the first information bit having a first value. The operations of 1110 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by a decoding component 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0202] At 1115, the method may include decoding a second information bit using a second function to determine a second decoded information bit based on inputting the first LLR value, the second LLR value, and the first decoded information bit into the second function, the second function involving a second probability of the second information bit having a second value. The operations of 1115 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1115 may be performed by a decoding component 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0203] FIG. 12 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1200 that supports polar encoding with different probabilities for bits in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1200 may be performed by a UE 115 or a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In some examples, a UE or a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE or the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0204] At 1205, the method may include receiving a signal including a set of multiple bits of a codeword, the set of multiple bits including a first bit of a first information packet and one or more second bits of a second information packet, the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit based on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet. The operations of 1205 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1205 may be performed by a signal component 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0205] At 1210, the method may include decoding the first bit to determine a first decoded bit based on a using a first subchannel of a polar code that corresponds to a first subchannel index. The operations of 1210 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed by a decoding component 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0206] At 1215, the method may include decoding the one or more second bits to determine one or more second decoded bits based on using one or more second subchannels of the polar code that correspond to one or more respective second subchannel indexes, the one or more respective second subchannel indexes being greater than the first subchannel index, the decoding of the one or more second bits based on the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit. The operations of 1215 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1215 may be performed by a decoding component 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0207] FIG. 13 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1300 that supports polar encoding with different probabilities for bits in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1300 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1300 may be performed by a UE 115 or a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In some examples, a UE or a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE or the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0208] At 1305, the method may include polar encoding a first information bit of a codeword to determine a first encoded information bit, the first encoded information bit associated with a first probability of the first information bit having a first value. The operations of 1305 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1305 may be performed by an encoding component 835 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0209] At 1310, the method may include polar encoding a second information bit of the codeword to determine a second encoded information bit, the second encoded information bit associated with a second probability of the second information bit having a second value. The operations of 1310 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1310 may be performed by an encoding component 835 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0210] At 1315, the method may include transmitting a signal indicating a set of multiple LLR values of the polar encoded codeword based on encoding the first information bit and the second information bit. The operations of 1315 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1315 may be performed by a signal component 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0211] FIG. 14 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1400 that supports polar encoding with different probabilities for bits in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1400 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1400 may be performed by a UE 115 or a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In some examples, a UE or a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE or the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0212] At 1405, the method may include polar encoding a set of multiple information bits of a codeword based on jointly encoding a first bit of a first information packet and one or more second bits of a second information packet, the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit based on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet, where encoding the first bit is based on placing the first bit in a first subchannel of a polar code, and encoding the one or more second bits is based on placing the one or more second bits in one or more second subchannels of the polar code, where the first subchannel corresponds to a first subchannel index and the one or more second subchannels correspond to one or more second subchannel indexes that are greater than the first subchannel index. The operations of 1405 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1405 may be performed by an encoding component 835 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0213] At 1410, the method may include transmitting a signal indicating a set of multiple encoded bits based on jointly encoding the first bit of the first information packet and the one or more second bits of the second information packet. The operations of 1410 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1410 may be performed by a signal component 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0214] The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
[0215] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication by an apparatus, comprising: receiving a signal indicating a plurality of LLR values of a polar encoded codeword, wherein each LLR value of the plurality of LLR values is associated with one or more probabilities of corresponding information bits; decoding a first information bit using a first function to determine a first decoded information bit based at least in part on inputting a first LLR value of the plurality of LLR values and a second LLR value of the plurality of LLR values into the first function, the first function involving a first probability of the first information bit having a first value; and decoding a second information bit using a second function to determine a second decoded information bit based at least in part on inputting the first LLR value, the second LLR value, and the first decoded information bit into the second function, the second function involving a second probability of the second information bit having a second value.
[0216] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, wherein the decoding of the first information bit and the decoding of the second information bit is performed during a last decoding stage of multiple decoding stages and is associated with a last stage of a polar code block corresponding to the polar encoded codeword.
[0217] Aspect 3: The method of any of aspects 1 through 2, further comprising: decoding a third information bit, wherein a reliability of a channel associated with the third information bit is greater than a reliability of a channel associated with the first information bit, a reliability of a channel associated with the second information bit, or both.
[0218] Aspect 4: The method of aspect 3, wherein a capacity of the third information bit is greater than a capacity of the first information bit, a capacity of the second information bit, or both.
[0219] Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 1 through 4, wherein the first function comprises a sum of a first function value and the first value, the second function comprises a sum of a second function value and the second value, the first function value is based at least in part on the first information bit and the second information bit, and the second function value is based at least in part on the first information bit, the second information bit, and a result of the first function.
[0220] Aspect 6: The method of any of aspects 1 through 5, wherein the first information bit is associated with the first LLR value and the second information bit is associated with the second LLR value.
[0221] Aspect 7: The method of any of aspects 1 through 6, wherein the first value is different than a third value of a third probability of the first information bit.
[0222] Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 1 through 7, wherein the first probability and the second probability comprise a first a priori probability and a second a priori probability associated with the first information bit and the second information bit, respectively.
[0223] Aspect 9: A method for wireless communication by an apparatus, comprising: receiving a signal comprising a plurality of bits of a codeword, the plurality of bits comprising a first bit of a first information packet and one or more second bits of a second information packet, the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit based at least in part on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet; decoding the first bit to determine a first decoded bit based at least in part on a using a first subchannel of a polar code that corresponds to a first subchannel index; and decoding the one or more second bits to determine one or more second decoded bits based at least in part on using one or more second subchannels of the polar code that correspond to one or more respective second subchannel indexes, the one or more respective second subchannel indexes being greater than the first subchannel index, the decoding of the one or more second bits based at least in part on the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit.
[0224] Aspect 10: The method of aspect 9, wherein decoding the one or more second bits comprises: successfully decoding the one or more second bits based at least in part on determining a payload size associated with the one or more second bits, wherein determining the payload size is based at least in part on using the first subchannel associated with the first subchannel index to successfully decode the first bit.
[0225] Aspect 11: The method of aspect 10, wherein the payload size comprises a sum of a quantity of the one or more second bits and a quantity of one or more frozen bits.
[0226] Aspect 12: The method of any of aspects 9 through 11, wherein the polar code comprises a plurality of subchannels, a first subset of the plurality of subchannels comprises the first subchannel, and a second subset of the plurality of subchannels comprises the one or more second subchannels based at least in part on the first subchannel index.
[0227] Aspect 13: The method of any of aspects 9 through 12, wherein the first information packet comprises a first channel state information message comprising the first bit, and the second information packet comprises a second channel state information message comprising the one or more second bits.
[0228] Aspect 14: The method of any of aspects 9 through 13, wherein the first bit indicates a rank indicator value.
[0229] Aspect 15: The method of aspect 14, wherein the one or more second bits indicate channel quality information associated with the rank indicator value.
[0230] Aspect 16: The method of any of aspects 9 through 15, wherein the first subchannel of the polar code is associated with a first capacity, and the one or more second subchannels of the polar code are associated with one or more respective second capacities that are less than the first capacity.
[0231] Aspect 17: A method for wireless communication by an apparatus, comprising: polar encoding a first information bit of a codeword to determine a first encoded information bit, the first encoded information bit associated with a first probability of the first information bit having a first value; polar encoding a second information bit of the codeword to determine a second encoded information bit, the second encoded information bit associated with a second probability of the second information bit having a second value; and transmitting a signal indicating a plurality of LLR values of the polar encoded codeword based at least in part on encoding the first information bit and the second information bit.
[0232] Aspect 18: The method of aspect 17, wherein polar encoding the first information bit and the second information bit comprises: placing the first information bit in a first subchannel of a polar code; and placing the second information bit in a second subchannel of the polar code, the method further comprising: placing a third information bit in a third subchannel of the polar code, wherein a reliability of the third subchannel is greater than a reliability of the first subchannel, a reliability of the second subchannel, or both.
[0233] Aspect 19: The method of aspect 18, wherein a capacity of the third information bit is greater than a capacity of the first information bit, a capacity of the second information bit, or both.
[0234] Aspect 20: The method of any of aspects 17 through 19, wherein the first information bit corresponds to a first information packet, and the second information bit corresponds to a second information packet and is associated with the first information bit based at least in part on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet.
[0235] Aspect 21: The method of any of aspects 17 through 20, wherein the first information bit is associated with the first LLR value and the second information bit is associated with the second LLR value.
[0236] Aspect 22: The method of any of aspects 17 through 21, wherein the first probability and the second probability comprise a first a priori probability and a second a priori probability associated with the first information bit and the second information bit, respectively.
[0237] Aspect 23: A method for wireless communication by an apparatus, comprising: polar encoding a plurality of information bits of a codeword based at least in part on jointly encoding a first bit of a first information packet and one or more second bits of a second information packet, the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit based at least in part on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet, wherein encoding the first bit is based at least in part on placing the first bit in a first subchannel of a polar code, and encoding the one or more second bits is based at least in part on placing the one or more second bits in one or more second subchannels of the polar code, wherein the first subchannel corresponds to a first subchannel index and the one or more second subchannels correspond to one or more second subchannel indexes that are greater than the first subchannel index; and transmitting a signal indicating a plurality of encoded bits based at least in part on jointly encoding the first bit of the first information packet and the one or more second bits of the second information packet.
[0238] Aspect 24: The method of aspect 23, wherein the first bit indicates a payload size associated with the one or more second bits.
[0239] Aspect 25: The method of aspect 24, wherein the payload size comprises a sum of a quantity of the one or more second bits and a quantity of one or more frozen bits.
[0240] Aspect 26: The method of any of aspects 23 through 25, wherein the polar code comprises a plurality of subchannels, a first subset of the plurality of subchannels comprises the first subchannel, and a second subset of the plurality of subchannels comprises the one or more second subchannels based at least in part on the first subchannel index.
[0241] Aspect 27: The method of any of aspects 23 through 26, wherein the first information packet comprises a first channel state information message comprising the first bit, and the second information packet comprises a second channel state information message comprising the one or more second bits.
[0242] Aspect 28: The method of any of aspects 23 through 27, wherein the first bit indicates a rank indicator value.
[0243] Aspect 29: The method of aspect 28, wherein the one or more second bits indicate channel quality information associated with the rank indicator value.
[0244] Aspect 30: The method of any of aspects 23 through 29, wherein the first subchannel of the polar code is associated with a first capacity, and the one or more second subchannels of the polar code are associated with one or more respective second capacities that are less than the first capacity.
[0245] Aspect 31: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 8.
[0246] Aspect 32: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 8.
[0247] Aspect 33: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 8.
[0248] Aspect 34: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to perform a method of any of aspects 9 through 16.
[0249] Aspect 35: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 9 through 16.
[0250] Aspect 36: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 9 through 16.
[0251] Aspect 37: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to perform a method of any of aspects 17 through 22.
[0252] Aspect 38: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 17 through 22.
[0253] Aspect 39: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 17 through 22.
[0254] Aspect 40: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to perform a method of any of aspects 23 through 30.
[0255] Aspect 41: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 23 through 30.
[0256] Aspect 42: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 23 through 30.
[0257] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations. The operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0258] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0259] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0260] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a neural processing unit (NPU) , an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) . Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0261] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0262] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a memory may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0263] As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ”
[0264] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open-ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “a component” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “acomponent” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” may be understood to mean “one or more components, ” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ” Similarly, subsequent reference to a component introduced as “one or more components” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, referring to “the one or more components” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ”
[0265] The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure) , ascertaining, and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory) , and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.
[0266] In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label or other subsequent reference label.
[0267] The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some figures, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
[0268] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.An apparatus, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to:receive a signal indicating a plurality of log-likelihood ratio (LLR) values of a polar encoded codeword, wherein each LLR value of the plurality of LLR values is associated with one or more probabilities of corresponding information bits;decode a first information bit using a first function to determine a first decoded information bit based at least in part on inputting a first LLR value of the plurality of LLR values and a second LLR value of the plurality of LLR values into the first function, the first function involving a first probability of the first information bit having a first value; anddecode a second information bit using a second function to determine a second decoded information bit based at least in part on inputting the first LLR value, the second LLR value, and the first decoded information bit into the second function, the second function involving a second probability of the second information bit having a second value.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the decoding of the first information bit and the decoding of the second information bit is performed during a last decoding stage of multiple decoding stages and is associated with a last stage of a polar code block corresponding to the polar encoded codeword.3.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to:decode a third information bit, wherein a reliability of a channel associated with the third information bit is greater than a reliability of a channel associated with the first information bit, a reliability of a channel associated with the second information bit, or both.4.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein a capacity of the third information bit is greater than a capacity of the first information bit, a capacity of the second information bit, or both.5.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:the first function comprises a sum of a first function value and the first value,the second function comprises a sum of a second function value and the second value,the first function value is based at least in part on the first information bit and the second information bit, andthe second function value is based at least in part on the first information bit, the second information bit, and a result of the first function.6.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first information bit is associated with the first LLR value and the second information bit is associated with the second LLR value.7.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first value is different than a third value of a third probability of the first information bit.8.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first probability and the second probability comprise a first a priori probability and a second a priori probability associated with the first information bit and the second information bit, respectively.9.An apparatus, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to:polar encode a first information bit of a codeword to determine a first encoded information bit, the first encoded information bit associated with a first probability of the first information bit having a first value;polar encode a second information bit of the codeword to determine a second encoded information bit, the second encoded information bit associated with a second probability of the second information bit having a second value; andtransmit a signal indicating a plurality of log-likelihood ratio (LLR) values of the polar encoded codeword based at least in part on encoding the first information bit and the second information bit.10.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein, to polar encode the first information bit and the second information bit, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to:place the first information bit in a first subchannel of a polar code; andplace the second information bit in a second subchannel of the polar code, and the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to:place a third information bit in a third subchannel of the polar code, wherein a reliability of the third subchannel is greater than a reliability of the first subchannel, a reliability of the second subchannel, or both.11.The apparatus of claim 10, wherein a capacity of the third information bit is greater than a capacity of the first information bit, a capacity of the second information bit, or both.12.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein:the first information bit corresponds to a first information packet, andthe second information bit corresponds to a second information packet and is associated with the first information bit based at least in part on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet.13.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first information bit is associated with the first LLR value and the second information bit is associated with the second LLR value.14.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first probability and the second probability comprise a first a priori probability and a second a priori probability associated with the first information bit and the second information bit, respectively.15.An apparatus, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to:polar encode a plurality of information bits of a codeword based at least in part on jointly encoding a first bit of a first information packet and one or more second bits of a second information packet, the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit based at least in part on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet, wherein encoding the first bit is based at least in part on placing the first bit in a first subchannel of a polar code, and encoding the one or more second bits is based at least in part on placing the one or more second bits in one or more second subchannels of the polar code, wherein the first subchannel corresponds to a first subchannel index and the one or more second subchannels correspond to one or more second subchannel indexes that are greater than the first subchannel index; andtransmit a signal indicating a plurality of encoded bits based at least in part on jointly encoding the first bit of the first information packet and the one or more second bits of the second information packet.16.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the first bit indicates a payload size associated with the one or more second bits.17.The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the payload size comprises a sum of a quantity of the one or more second bits and a quantity of one or more frozen bits.18.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein:the polar code comprises a plurality of subchannels,a first subset of the plurality of subchannels comprises the first subchannel, anda second subset of the plurality of subchannels comprises the one or more second subchannels based at least in part on the first subchannel index.19.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein:the first information packet comprises a first channel state information message comprising the first bit, andthe second information packet comprises a second channel state information message comprising the one or more second bits.20.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the first bit indicates a rank indicator value.21.The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the one or more second bits indicate channel quality information associated with the rank indicator value.22.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein:the first subchannel of the polar code is associated with a first capacity, andthe one or more second subchannels of the polar code are associated with one or more respective second capacities that are less than the first capacity.23.An apparatus, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to:receive a signal comprising a plurality of bits of a codeword, the plurality of bits comprising a first bit of a first information packet and one or more second bits of a second information packet, the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit based at least in part on an association between the first information packet and the second information packet;decode the first bit to determine a first decoded bit based at least in part on a using a first subchannel of a polar code that corresponds to a first subchannel index; anddecode the one or more second bits to determine one or more second decoded bits based at least in part on using one or more second subchannels of the polar code that correspond to one or more respective second subchannel indexes, the one or more respective second subchannel indexes being greater than the first subchannel index, the decoding of the one or more second bits based at least in part on the one or more second bits being associated with the first bit.24.The apparatus of claim 23, wherein, to decode the one or more second bits, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to:successfully decode the one or more second bits based at least in part on determining a payload size associated with the one or more second bits, wherein determining the payload size is based at least in part on using the first subchannel associated with the first subchannel index to successfully decode the first bit.25.The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the payload size comprises a sum of a quantity of the one or more second bits and a quantity of one or more frozen bits.26.The apparatus of claim 23, wherein:the polar code comprises a plurality of subchannels,a first subset of the plurality of subchannels comprises the first subchannel, anda second subset of the plurality of subchannels comprises the one or more second subchannels based at least in part on the first subchannel index.27.The apparatus of claim 23, wherein:the first information packet comprises a first channel state information message comprising the first bit, andthe second information packet comprises a second channel state information message comprising the one or more second bits.28.The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the first bit indicates a rank indicator value.29.The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the one or more second bits indicate channel quality information associated with the rank indicator value.30.The apparatus of claim 23, wherein:the first subchannel of the polar code is associated with a first capacity, andthe one or more second subchannels of the polar code are associated with one or more respective second capacities that are less than the first capacity.
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