Pressure-mitigation systems for treating patients and approaches to operating the same to alleviate the burden on caretakers of those patients

Abstract

Introduced here are pressure-mitigation systems able to mitigate the pressure applied to a human body by the surface of an object (also referred to as a "structure") and assist a caretaker to move the human body. A controller device (or simply "controller") can be fluidically coupled to a pressure-mitigation device that includes a series of selectively inflatable chambers. When a pressure-mitigation device is placed between a human body and a surface, the controller can continuously, intelligently, and autonomously circulate fluid through the chambers of the pressure-mitigation device. Normally, the controller circulates air through the chambers of the pressure-mitigation device, though the controller could circulate another fluid, such as water or gel, through the chambers of the pressure-mitigation device. The controller may cause the chambers to be selectively inflated, deflated, or any combination thereof. As chambers selectively inflate, certain portions of the human body may be lifted above the surface, turned, or any combination thereof.

Description

PRESSURE-MITIGATION SYSTEMS FOR TREATING PATIENTS AND APPROACHES TO OPERATING THE SAME TO ALLEVIATE THE BURDEN ON CARETAKERS OF THOSE PATIENTSCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority to US Provisional Application No. 63 / 647,247, titled “PRESSURE-MITIGATION SYSTEMS FOR TREATING PATIENTS AND APPROACHES TO OPERATING THE SAME TO ALLEVIATE THE BURDEN ON CARETAKERS OF THOSE PATIENTS” and filed on May 14, 2024, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] Various embodiments concern pressure-mitigation systems that include pressure-mitigation apparatuses able to mitigate the pressure applied to a human body by the surface of an object and assist with the movement of the human body, and controllers for managing the flow of fluid into the pressure-mitigation apparatuses.BACKGROUND

[0003] Pressure injuries — sometimes referred to as “decubitus ulcers,” “pressure ulcers,” “pressure sores,” or “bedsores” — may occur as a result of steady pressure being applied in one location along the surface of the human body for a prolonged period of time. Regions with bony prominences are especially susceptible to pressure injuries. Pressure injuries are most common in individuals who are completely immobilized (e.g., on an operating table, bed, or chair) or have impaired mobility. These individuals may be older, malnourished, or incontinent, all factors that predispose the human body to formation of pressure injuries.

[0004] These individuals are often not ambulatory, so they sit or lie for prolonged periods of time in the same position. Moreover, these individuals may be unable to reposition themselves to alleviate pressure. Consequently, pressure on the skin and underlying soft tissue may eventually result in inadequate blood flow to the area, a condition referred to as “ischemia,” thereby resulting in damage to the skin or underlyingsoft tissue. Pressure injuries can take the form of a superficial injury to the skin or a deeper ulcer that exposes the underlying tissues and places the individual at risk for infection. The resulting infection may worsen, leading to sepsis or even death in some cases.

[0005] There are technologies on the market that profess to prevent or treat pressure injuries. While these conventional technologies have many deficiencies, a common theme is the inability to precisely control the spatial relationship between a human body and a support surface (or simply “surface”) that applies pressure to the human body. For example, some cushions allegedly lessen the pressure applied to the human body through the inclusion of a malleable material such as foam or gel, while other cushions allegedly lessen the pressure applied to the human body by shifting the body at least partially toward the left and right lateral recumbent positions. Individuals that use these conventional technologies are still prone to developing pressure injuries or suffering from related complications, as these conventional technologies fail to fully address the reasons that pressure injuries initially develop and continue to worsen over time.

[0006] Additionally, such conventional technologies also fail to fully address a solution to seamlessly tilting or turning the individual so the caretaker may comfortably transfer the individual from one surface to another, or slide something, like an x-ray plate or new bedsheets, underneath the individual. As discussed above, conventional technologies attempt to shift the body at least partially toward either the left or right lateral recumbent positions. However, this is insufficient. These conventional technologies lack shifting the upper or lower portions of the body away from the surface. Moving non-ambulatory individuals may increase the risk of pressure sores and make them vulnerable to further injury to their fragile skin, bones, and / or muscles. Further, a smaller caretaker may have trouble tilting an immobilized individual who may be heavier, which could lead to the individual falling or experiencing pain. Although these conventional technologies may include cushions with malleable materials to allegedly lessen the pressure applied to the human body, these cushions will not be sufficient in providing a proper lift of the human body, which will greatly assist the caretaker in tilting or transferring the individual, as these conventional technologies fail to fully address such problems.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] Figures 1 A-1 B are top and bottom views, respectively, of a pressure-mitigation device able to relieve the pressure on an anatomical region applied by the surface of an elongated object in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

[0008] Figures 2A-2B are top and bottom views, respectively, of a pressure-mitigation device configured in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

[0009] Figure 3 is a top view of a pressure-mitigation device for relieving pressure on an anatomical region applied by a wheelchair in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

[0010] Figure 4 is a partially schematic top view of a pressure-mitigation device illustrating how a pressure gradient can be created by varying pressure distributions to avoid ischemia in a mobility-impaired patient in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

[0011] Figure 5A is a partially schematic side view of a pressure-mitigation device for relieving pressure on a specific anatomical region by deflating one or more chambers in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

[0012] Figure 5B is a partially schematic side view of a pressure-mitigation device for relieving pressure on a specific anatomical region by inflating one or more chambers in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

[0013] Figures 6A-6C are isometric, front, and back views, respectively, of a controller device (also referred to as a “controller”) that is responsible for controlling inflation and / or deflation of the chambers of a pressure-mitigation device in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

[0014] Figure 7 illustrates an example of a controller in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

[0015] Figure 8 is an isometric view of a manifold for controlling the flow of fluid (e.g., air) to the chambers of a pressure-mitigation device in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

[0016] Figure 9 is a generalized electrical diagram illustrating how the piezoelectric valves of a manifold can separately control the flow of fluid along multiple channels in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

[0017] Figure 10 is a flow diagram of a process for varying the pressure in the side support chambers of a pressure-mitigation device that is positioned between a human body and a surface in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

[0018] Figure 11 is a flow diagram of a process for varying the pressure in the first and second portion chambers of a pressure-mitigation device that is positioned between a human body and a surface in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

[0019] Figure 12 is a flow diagram of a process for utilizing the side supports of a pressure-mitigation device to center a human body positioned thereon.

[0020] Figure 13 includes a flow diagram of a process for transmitting data related to the flow of fluid from a controller into a pressure-mitigation device to a destination external to the controller.

[0021] Figure 14A is a partially schematic side view of a pressure-mitigation system for orienting a user toward the right or left direction over a pressure-mitigation device in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

[0022] Figures 14B-14C are a partially schematic side view of the system for orienting the user in the forward or backward direction in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

[0023] Figure 14D is a partially schematic front view of the system elevating the one side of the user over the pressure-mitigation device in accordance with embodiments of the present technology.

[0024] Figure 15 illustrates an example of a pressure-mitigation device that includes a pair of elevated side supports that has been deployed on the surface of an object (here, a hospital bed).

[0025] Figure 16 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a processing system in which at least some operations described herein can be implemented.

[0026] Various features of the embodiments described herein will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from a study of the Detailed Description in conjunction with the drawings. While various embodiments are depicted in the drawings for the purpose of illustration, those skilled in the art will recognize that alternative embodiments may be employed without departing from the principles of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the embodiments are amenable to various modifications.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The term “pressure injury” refers to a localized region of damage to the skin and / or underlying tissue that results from force being applied thereto that results in contact pressure (or simply “pressure”) on the corresponding anatomical region of the human body. Pressure injuries tend to form over bony prominences, such as the skin and soft tissue overlying the sacrum, coccyx, heels, or hips. However, other sites may also be affected. For instance, pressure injuries may form on the elbows, knees, ankles, shoulders, abdomen, back, or cranium. Pressure injuries may develop when pressure is applied to the blood vessels in soft tissue in such a manner that blood flow to the soft tissue is at least partially obstructed (e.g., due to the pressure exceeding the capillary filling pressure), and ischemia occurs at the site when such obstruction occurs for an extended duration. Accordingly, pressure injuries are normally observed on individuals who are mobility impaired, immobilized, or sedentary for prolonged periods of times.

[0028] Once pressure injuries have formed, the healing process is normally slow. When pressure is relieved from the site of a pressure injury, the body will rush blood (with proinflammatory mediators) to that region to perfuse the area with blood. The sudden reperfusion of the damaged (and previously ischemic) region has been shown to cause an inflammatory response, brought on by the proinflammatory mediators, that can actually worsen the pressure injury (and prolong recovery). Moreover, in some cases, the proinflammatory mediators may spread through the blood stream beyond the site of the pressure injury to cause a systematic inflammatory response (also referred to as a “secondary inflammatory response”). Secondary inflammatory responses caused by proinflammatory mediators have been shown to exacerbate existing conditions and trigger new conditions (and again, prolong recovery). Recovery can also be prolonged byfactors that are frequently associated with individuals who are prone to pressure injuries, such as old age, immobility, preexisting medical conditions (e.g., arteriosclerosis, diabetes, or infection), smoking, and medications (e.g., anti-inflammatory drugs). Inhibiting the formation of pressure injuries (and reducing the prevalence of proinflammatory mediators) can enhance and expedite many treatment processes, especially for those individuals whose mobility is impaired during treatment.

[0029] These individuals are often not ambulatory, so they sit or lie for prolonged periods of time in the same position. Moreover, these individuals may be unable to reposition themselves to alleviate pressure. Consequently, pressure on the skin and underlying soft tissue may eventually result in inadequate blood flow to the area, a condition referred to as “ischemia,” thereby resulting in damage to the skin or underlying soft tissue. Pressure injuries can take the form of a superficial injury to the skin or a deeper ulcer that exposes the underlying tissues and places the individual at risk for infection. The resulting infection may worsen, leading to sepsis or even death in some cases.

[0030] Further complete immobilization or partial immobility may lead to physical deconditioning in an individual. For example, without weight-bearing exercise and activity, immobility may lead to contractures, bone demineralization, and the catabolic breakdown of muscle and lean tissue. Although the individual may be weaker, it may be much more difficult for a caretaker to move her.

[0031] Caretakers, such as healthcare professionals, face several challenges when caring for individuals who are completely immobilized or have impaired mobility. Tilting, turning, lifting, and / or transferring these individuals may be physically demanding and increase the risk of injury for the caretaker, especially if the caretaker has a small stature and the individual is heavy or stiff. Typically, such actions by caretakers become a relatively routine part of the lives of immobile individuals, especially when it is necessary to tilt, turn, or lift the individual to replace bedsheets or change or bathe the individual. Thus, such obstacles may not only pose safety risks for the caretaker but also lead to further discomfort for the non-ambulatory individual.

[0032] The complete immobilization or partial immobility of an individual may also create a challenge for radiology technicians when attempting to successfully conductradiological imaging through either an x-ray or other form of imaging technology. Radiological imaging requires movement. Such movement entails placing the individual onto the imaging device or an x-ray plate under the area to be imaged. Typically, either the individual lifts herself onto the imaging device, or a radiology technician transfers the individual from a gurney, hospital bed, or other surface. Because an immobilized individual does not have the ability to move, the radiology technician must assist by either tilting the individual to slide an x-ray plate under the human body or tilting the individual to transfer her from a hospital bed to the radiological imaging device. As previously stated, such actions may create a significant risk of injury to both the individual and the radiology technician assisting.

[0033] Moreover, there are certain procedures that require the individual undergoing the procedure to not be positioned entirely supine. Such procedures may include the administration of certain medications (e.g., injection to the buttock area, suppository), retrieving a biopsy sample from the back of the individual, a lumbar puncture (e.g., spinal tap), and / or a physical examination (e.g., auscultation). Therefore, an immobilized individual undergoing such procedures will require that the individual be turned or tilted such that the caretaker will be able to conduct such procedures without injuring or creating further discomfort to the individual as well as keeping the caretaker safe.

[0034] Introduced here, therefore, are pressure-mitigation systems able to mitigate the pressure applied to a human body by the surface of an object (also referred to as a “structure”) and also assist the caretaker with moving and / or positioning the immobile patient. Said another way, these pressure-mitigation systems can support or facilitate caretakers in completing their responsibilities, thereby not only serving as a patient treatment device but also as a caretaker support device.

[0035] A controller device (or simply “controller”) can be fluidically coupled to a pressure-mitigation device (also referred to as a “pressure-mitigation apparatus” or a “pressure-mitigation pad”) that includes a series of selectively inflatable chambers. When a pressure-mitigation device is placed between a human body and a surface, the controller can continuously, intelligently, and autonomously circulate fluid through the chambers of the pressure-mitigation device. Typically, the controller will circulate airthrough the chambers of the pressure-mitigation device, though the controller may also circulate fluids, like water or gel, through the chambers of the pressure-mitigation device. As further discussed below, the controller may cause the chambers to be selectively inflated, deflated, or any combination thereof.

[0036] The present disclosure concerns various aspects of these pressure-mitigation systems that allow for more rapid deployment and use in various settings. As further discussed below, these aspects allow for pressure-mitigation systems to not only be more broadly deployed, but also more easily used by individuals without any experience or expertise in rendering healthcare services. For example, some embodiments could be designed for deployment in a home setting, where a person with no training may operate a pressure-mitigation system for herself or on behalf of a friend or family member. As another example, some embodiments could be designed for deployment in a healthcare setting, where a person with meaningful training may operate a pressure-mitigation on behalf of a user (also called a “patient” or “subject”). Examples of healthcare settings include hospitals, clinics, surgery facilities, recovery centers, nursing homes, and the like. Pressure-mitigation systems that are designed for home settings may include, offer, or support features that might otherwise be provided by equipment accessible in a hospital setting. Likewise, pressure-mitigation systems designed for hospital settings may include, offer, or support features that might otherwise be provided by equipment accessible in a home setting.

[0037] As mentioned above, the pressure-mitigation device has inflatable chambers whose pressure can be individually varied in a controlled manner. The inflatable chambers can be designed and arranged so as to facilitate alignment of a given anatomical region (e.g., the thoracic to sacral region) with the pressure-mitigation device. For example, the inflatable chambers may be intertwined around an epicenter in a geometric pattern based on the internal anatomy of the given anatomical region. Specifically, the inflatable chambers may be intertwined such that a collective perimeter is representative of a quadrilateral, such as a square or rectangle. As further discussed below, side supports can extend longitudinally along opposite sides of the pressuremitigation device along at least a portion of the length of the quadrilateral.

[0038] When the inflatable chambers of the pressure-mitigation device are pressurized in accordance with a programmed pattern executed by the controller, a bodysurface interaction is produced that emulates the interactions seen in healthy (e.g., mobile) individuals who are able to reposition themselves to periodically adjust the pressure applied by the surface. Note that the pattern may be “programmed” in terms of time, pressure, flow rate, or any combination thereof. Instead of the patient periodically moving herself to adjust the pressure applied by the surface, the pressure-mitigation device shifts the location at which the main point of pressure is applied. This creates a scenario in which an individual can remain partially or entirely motionless for an extended period of time, yet physiologically the net pressure effect on the individual is roughly the same as if the individual had maintained more natural motion (e.g., performed microadjustments). Such an approach prevents prolonged tissue compression, which can lead to ischemia and reperfusion injuries that result in lasting tissue damage (e.g., in the form of ulcers) and other adverse systemic health consequences.

[0039] By controllably varying the pressure in the series of chambers, the controller can move the main point of pressure applied by the surface to different regions across the human body. For example, the controller may cause the main point of pressure applied by the surface to be moved amongst a plurality of predetermined anatomic locations by sequentially varying the level of inflation of (and pressure in) predetermined subsets of chambers. Such an approach results in pressure gradients being created across the human body. In some embodiments, the controller controls the pressure of chambers located beneath specific anatomic locations for specific durations in order to move one or more points of pressure applied by the underlying surface around the anatomy in a precise manner such that specific portions of the anatomy (e.g., the tissue adjacent to bony prominences) do not experience direct pressure for an extended duration. The relocation of the pressure point(s) avoids vascular compression for sustained periods of time, inhibits ischemia, and reduces the incidence of pressure injuries.

[0040] Such an approach to mitigating pressure is useful in various contexts.

[0041] Assume, for example, that an individual has been identified as a candidate fortreatment after entering a hospital. In such a scenario, a healthcare professional may obtain a portable pressure-mitigation system (or simply “system”) comprised of a pressure-mitigation device and a controller. Examples of healthcare professionals include doctors, nurses, therapists, and the like. The healthcare professional can deploy the pressure-mitigation device on a surface on which the individual is to be immobilized, either partially or entirely, and then orient the individual on top of the pressure-mitigation device. Thereafter, the healthcare professional can cause the system to shift a point of pressure applied by the surface to the individual by pressurizing the inflatable chambers of the pressure-mitigation device to varying degrees in accordance with a programmed pattern. For example, the healthcare professional may initiate pressurization of the inflatable chambers by indicating that treatment should begin via the controller.

[0042] As another example, assume that an individual has been instructed to utilize a pressure-mitigation device as part of a treatment regimen (e.g., following discharge from a hospital). In such a scenario, the individual may be provided with a system comprised of a pressure-mitigation device and a controller. When the individual reaches her home, she can deploy the pressure-mitigation device on a surface on which she is to be immobilized. For example, the individual may arrange the pressure-mitigation device on a chair or bed as further discussed below. After the individual arranges herself on top of the pressure-mitigation device, she can cause the system to shift a point of pressure applied by the surface to her body by pressurizing the inflatable chambers of the pressuremitigation device to varying degrees in accordance with a programmed pattern. For example, the individual may interact with the controller in such a manner (e.g., by pressing a mechanical interface component, such as a button or switch) so as to indicate that fluid should begin flowing into the pressure-mitigation device. Those skilled in the art will recognize that a similar process may be performed if the system is provided to, or deployed by, a caretaker of the individual. Note that the term “caretaker,” as used herein, is generally used to refer to a person who helps another person to receive treatment, but is not herself a healthcare professional. Examples of caretakers include family members, friends, and aides.

[0043] As a third example, assume an individual is completely immobilized or partiallyimmobilized. In such a scenario, the individual may be elevated by inflatable chambers. For example, if the individual must be turned so a caregiver may place an x-ray plate or bathe the posterior of the individual, then one of the side supports may be elevated while the other side support remains deflated. In such a position the elevation from the inflatable chambers will provide the caretaker with assistance when moving the individual on her side. As a further example, if the individual needs to be lifted (e.g., lifting the upper portion or lower portion of the human body), then an upper, first portion may be elevated while the lower, second portion may remain deflated. The pressure-mitigation device, described herein, may also aid with certain procedures that require the individual undergoing the procedure to not be positioned entirely supine. Those skilled in the art will recognize that such procedures may include the administration of certain medications (e.g., injection to the buttock area, suppository), retrieving a biopsy sample from the back of the individual, a lumbar puncture (e.g., spinal tap), and / or a physical examination (e.g., auscultation).

[0044] Embodiments may be described with reference to particular anatomical regions, treatment regimens, environments, and the like. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that the features are similarly applicable to other anatomical regions, treatment regimens, and environments. As an example, embodiments may be described in the context of a pressure-mitigation device that is positioned adjacent to an anterior anatomical region of an individual oriented in the prone position. However, aspects of those embodiments may apply to a pressure-mitigation device that is positioned adjacent to a posterior anatomical region of an individual oriented in the supine position.

[0045] While embodiments may be described in the context of machine-readable instructions, aspects of the technology can be implemented via hardware, firmware, or software. As an example, a controller may not only execute instructions for determining an appropriate rate at which to permit fluid (e.g., air) to flow into each inflatable chamber of a pressure-mitigation device but also may be responsible for facilitating communication with other computing devices. The controller may be able to communicate with a mobile device that is associated with the individual, caregiver, or healthcare professional, or the controller may be able to communicate with a computer server of a network-accessibleserver system, for example, that includes a computer program that manages electronic health records on behalf of one or more healthcare entities.Terminology

[0046] References in the present disclosure to “an embodiment” or “some embodiments” mean that the feature, function, structure, or characteristic being described is included in at least one embodiment. Occurrences of such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor are they necessarily referring to alternative embodiments that are mutually exclusive of one another.

[0047] The term “based on” is to be construed in an inclusive sense rather than an exclusive sense. That is, in the sense of “including but not limited to.” Thus, unless otherwise noted, the term “based on” is intended to mean “based at least in part on.”

[0048] The terms “connected,” “coupled,” and variants thereof are intended to include any connection or coupling between two or more elements, either direct or indirect. The connection or coupling can be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, elements may be electrically or communicatively coupled to one another despite not sharing a physical connection.

[0049] The term “module” may refer broadly to software, firmware, hardware, or combinations thereof. Modules are typically functional components that generate one or more outputs based on one or more inputs. A computer program may include or utilize one or more modules. For example, a computer program may utilize multiple modules that are responsible for completing different tasks, or a computer program may utilize a single module that is responsible for completing all tasks.

[0050] When used in reference to a list of multiple items, the word “or” is intended to cover all of the following interpretations: any of the items in the list, all of the items in the list, and any combination of items in the list.Overview of Pressure-Mitigation Devices

[0051] A pressure-mitigation device includes a plurality of chambers into which fluid can flow. Each chamber may be associated with a discrete flow of fluid so that the pressure in the plurality of chambers can be varied as necessary. When placed on thesurface of an object on which a human body rests, the pressure-mitigation device can vary the pressure on an anatomical region by controllably inflating chamber(s) and / or deflating chamber(s) to create pressure gradients across the anatomical regions. Several examples of pressure-mitigation devices are described below with respect to Figures 1 A- 3. Unless otherwise noted, any features described with respect to one embodiment are equally applicable to other embodiments. Some features have only been described with respect to a single embodiment for the purpose of simplifying the present disclosure.

[0052] Figures 1A-B are top and bottom views, respectively, of a pressure-mitigation device 100 able to relieve the pressure on an anatomical region applied by the surface of an elongated object in accordance with embodiments of the present technology. While the pressure-mitigation device 100 may be described in the context of elongated objects, such as mattresses, stretchers, operating tables, and procedure tables, the pressuremitigation device 100 could be deployed on non-elongated objects. In some embodiments, the pressure-mitigation device 100 is secured to a surface using an attachment apparatus. In such embodiments, the attachment apparatus may be laid upon the surface, and the pressure-mitigation device 100 may be laid upon the attachment apparatus that facilitates securement of the pressure-mitigation device 100 to the surface. In other embodiments, the pressure-mitigation device 100 is placed in direct contact with the surface without any attachment apparatus therebetween. For example, the pressuremitigation device 100 may have a tacky substance deposited along at least a portion of its outer surface that allows it to temporarily adhere to the surface. Examples of tacky substances include latex, urethane, and silicone rubber.

[0053] As shown in Figure 1 A, the pressure-mitigation device 100 can include a central portion 102 (also referred to as a “contact portion”) that is positioned alongside at least one side support 104. Here, a pair of side supports 104 are arranged on opposing sides of the central portion 102. However, some embodiments of the pressure-mitigation device 100 do not include any side supports. For example, the side supports 104 may be omitted when the individual is medically immobilized (e.g., under anesthesia, in a medically induced coma, etc.) and / or physically restrained by an underlying object (e.g.,by rails along the side of a bed, armrests along the side of a chair, etc.) or some other structure (e.g., physical restraints, casts, etc.).

[0054] The pressure-mitigation device 100 includes a series of chambers 106 whose pressure can be individually varied. In some embodiments, the series of chambers 106 are arranged in a geometric pattern designed to relieve pressure on one or more anatomical regions of a human body. For example, the series of chambers 106 may be intertwined with one another so that, when a human body is positioned on the pressuremitigation device 100 with the sacral region generally situated near the middle, the lumbar region and / or the gluteal regions can be supported through inflation of the series of chambers 106. As noted above, when placed between the human body and a surface, the pressure-mitigation device 100 can vary the pressure on these anatomical region(s) by controllably inflating and / or deflating chamber(s).

[0055] In some embodiments, the series of chambers 106 are arranged such that pressure on a given anatomical region is mitigated when the given anatomical region is oriented over a target region 108 of the geometric pattern. As shown in Figures 1 A-B, the target region 108 may be representative of a central point of the pressure-mitigation device 100 to appropriately position the anatomy of the human body with respect to the pressure-mitigation device 100. For example, the target region 108 may correspond to the epicenter of the geometric pattern. However, the target region 108 may not necessarily be the central point of the pressure-mitigation device 100, particularly if the series of chambers 106 are positioned in a non-symmetric arrangement. The target region 108 may be visibly marked so that an individual can readily align the target region 108 with a corresponding anatomical region of the human body to be positioned thereon. Thus, the pressure-mitigation device 100 may include a visual element representative of the target region 108 to facilitate alignment with the corresponding anatomical region of the human body. The individual could be a healthcare professional, caregiver, or the patient herself.

[0056] The pressure-mitigation device 100 can include a first portion 1 10 (also referred to as a “first layer” or “bottom layer”) designed to face a surface and a second portion 1 12 (also referred to as a “second layer” or “top layer”) designed to face the human bodysupported by the surface. In some embodiments, the pressure-mitigation device 100 is deployed such that the first portion 110 is directly adjacent to the surface. For example, the first portion 110 may have a tacky substance deposited along at least a portion of its exterior surface that facilitates temporarily adhesion to the support surface. In other embodiments, the pressure-mitigation device 100 is deployed such that the first portion 1 10 is directly adjacent to an attachment apparatus designed to help secure the pressuremitigation device 100 to the support surface. The pressure-mitigation device 100 may be constructed of various materials, and the materials used in the construction of each component of the pressure-mitigation device 100 may be chosen based on the nature of the body contact, if any, to be experienced by the component. For example, because the second portion 112 will often be in direct contact with the skin, it may be comprised of a soft fabric or a breathable fabric (e.g., comprised of moisture-wicking materials or quickdrying materials, or having perforations). In some embodiments, an impervious lining (e.g., comprised of polyurethane) is secured to the inside of the second portion 112 to inhibit fluid (e.g., sweat) from entering the series of chambers 106. As another example, if the pressure-mitigation device 100 is designed for deployment beneath a cover (e.g., a bed sheet), then the second portion 112 may be comprised of a flexible, liquid-impervious material, such as polyurethane, polypropylene, silicone, or rubber. The first portion 1 10 may also be comprised of a flexible, liquid-impervious material.

[0057] Generally, the first and second portions 1 10, 1 12 are selected and / or designed such that the pressure-mitigation device 100 is readily cleanable. However, the specific materials that are used may vary depending on the environment in which the pressuremitigation device 100 is to be deployed. Assume, for example, that the pressuremitigation device 100 is intended to be deployed in a hospital environment. In such a scenario, the first and second portions 110, 112 may be readily cleanable with a cleaning agent (e.g., bleach) or a cleaning procedure (e.g., sterilization) that is known to be used in hospital environments. Because the pressure-mitigation device 100 will remain in the hospital environment under the care of knowledgeable persons, the first and second portions 1 10, 1 12 could be comprised of materials that may degrade quickly if not properly cared for. Examples of such materials include high-performance fabric, upholstery, vinyl, and other suitable textiles. If the pressure-mitigation device 100 is instead intended to bedeployed in a home environment, the first and second portions 1 10, 112 may be comprised of materials that can be readily cleaned by persons without extensive experience. For example, the first portion 110 and / or the second portion 1 12 may be comprised of a vinyl that is easy to clean with commonly available cleaning agents (e.g., bleach, liquid dish soap, all-purpose cleaners). As another example, the first and second portions 1 10, 1 12 may be comprised of a rugged fabric that can be washed in a washing machine without meaningful degradation. Regardless of the environment, the first and second portions 1 10, 1 12 may contain antimicrobial additives, antifungal additives, flameretardant additives, and the like. These additives may be embedded in the materials used to create the first and second portions 110, 1 12, or these additives may be applied to the first and second portions 110, 112, for example, in the form of a coating that is sprayed or laminated along the outer surfaces.

[0058] The series of chambers 106 may be formed via interconnections between the first and second portions 110, 112. For example, the first and second portions 1 10, 1 12 may be bound directly to one another, or the first and second portions 1 10, 1 12 may be bound to one another via one or more intermediary layers. In embodiments where the first and second portions 110, 1 12 are bound directly to one another without any intermediary layers, the pressure-mitigation device 100 may be substantially flat when the series of chambers 106 are in the deflated state. Said another way, when the series of chambers 106 are in the deflated state, the pressure-mitigation device 100 can be substantially planar without meaningful height or variations in height. Such a design can be beneficial as it ensures that the pressure-mitigation device 100 can remain beneath the human body even when no fluid is flowing into the series of chambers 106. When a conventional cushion is deflated, ridges tend to form where the layers are bound together (e.g., along the periphery). These ridges can be irritating, as each ridge will apply pressure to the human body. However, this concern can be addressed by designing the pressuremitigation device 100 to be largely flat when the series of chambers 106 are deflated.

[0059] In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 A-B, the pressure-mitigation device 100 includes an “M-shaped” chamber intertwined with two “C-shaped” chambers that face one another. Such an arrangement has been shown to effectively mitigate the pressureapplied to the sacral region of a human body in the supine position by a support surface when the pressure in these chambers is alternated. The series of chambers 106 may be arranged differently if the pressure-mitigation device 100 is designed for an anatomical region other than the sacral region, or if the pressure-mitigation device 100 is to be used to support a human body in a non-supine position (e.g., a prone position or sitting position). Generally, the geometric pattern of chambers 106 is designed based on the internal anatomy (e.g., the muscles, bones, and vasculature) of the anatomical region on which pressure is to be relieved.

[0060] A healthcare professional, caregiver, or the person to be treated using the pressure-mitigation device 100 may be responsible for actively orienting the anatomical region of the human body lengthwise over the target region 108 of the geometric pattern. If the pressure-mitigation device 100 includes one or more side supports 104, the side supports 104 may actively orient or guide the anatomical region of the human body laterally over the target region 108 of the geometric pattern. For example, after situating the human body over the series of chambers 106, a healthcare professional or caregiver may initiate an orientation operation (e.g., by interacting with the controller) in which the side supports 104 are inflated to “push” the human body over the target region 108. Alternatively, the side supports 104 may passively orient or guide the anatomical region of the human body laterally over the target region 108 of the geometric pattern. For example, at least a portion of each side support may be stuffed with cotton, latex, polyurethane foam, gel, or any combination thereof. These “stuffed” side supports can passively orient the human body by defining a channel in which the human body is to be situated.

[0061] As further described below with respect to Figures 6A-C, a controller can separately control the pressure in each chamber - as well as the side supports 104, if included - by providing a discrete airflow via one or more corresponding valves 1 14. In some embodiments, the valves 114 are permanently secured to the pressure-mitigation apparatus 100 and designed to interface with tubing that can be readily detached (e.g., for easier transport, storage, etc.). Each valve 114 may be designed to mate with a complementary end of the tubing, for example, that is designed or sized to securely yetremovably “grasp” that valve. Here, the pressure-mitigation device 100 includes five valves 1 14. Three valves are fluidically coupled to the series of chambers 106, and two valves are fluidically coupled to the side supports 104. Other embodiments of the pressure-mitigation apparatus 100 may include more than five valves or less than five valves. For example, the pressure-mitigation device 100 may be designed such that a pair of side supports 104 are pressurized via a single airflow received via a single valve.

[0062] In some embodiments, the pressure-mitigation device 100 includes one or more design features 116a-c that are designed to facilitate securement of the pressuremitigation device 100 to the surface of an object and / or an attachment apparatus. As illustrated in Figure 1 B, for example, the pressure-mitigation device 100 may include three design features 1 16a-c, each of which can be aligned with a corresponding structural feature that is accessible along the surface of the object or the attachment apparatus. For example, each design feature 1 16a-c may be designed to at least partially envelope a structural feature that protrudes upward. One example of such a structural feature is a rail that extends along the side of a bed. The design features 1 16a-c may also facilitate proper alignment of the pressure-mitigation device 100 with the surface of the object or the attachment apparatus.

[0063] One or more release valves 118 (also referred to as “discharge valves” or simply “valves”) may be located along the periphery of the pressure-mitigation device 100 to allow for quick discharge of the fluid stored therein. Normally, the release valves 1 18 are located along the longitudinal sides to ensure that the release valves 1 18 are not located beneath a human body that is situated on the pressure-mitigation apparatus 100. Generally, it is desirable to locate the release valves 118 so that the release valves 1 18 are accessible even when the pressure-mitigation device 100 is being used. The release valves 1 18 may allow discharge of fluid from the side supports 104 and / or the series of chambers 106.

[0064] Referring to the side supports 104, fluid may be separately dischargeable therefrom if (i) each side support is fluidically decoupled from the other side support and (ii) each side support has at least one release valve. This design - namely, where the side supports 104 are fluidically decoupled from one another - may be desirable in somescenarios because fluid can quickly be discharged from the side supports 104, which allows the human body situated on the pressure-mitigation device 100 to be accessed (e.g., in the case of a medical emergency). Alternatively, fluid may be collectively dischargeable from the side supports 104 if (i) the side supports 104 are fluidically coupled to each other and (ii) the side supports 104 have at least one release valve. This approach to “dually deflating” the side supports 104 may be taken if the release valve(s) are connected to only one side support, even if both side supports are fluidically coupled to one another.

[0065] Accordingly, a first release valve could be located along the periphery of a first side support of the pair of side supports 104. When engaged, the first release valve allows for the release of fluid from the first side support. In embodiments where the first side support is fluidically coupled to the second side support, when the release valve is engaged, fluid is released from the pair of side supports 104. As shown in Figure 1 , a second release valve may be located along the periphery of the second side support in some embodiments. When engaged, the second release valve allows for the release of fluid from the second side support. Thus, a single release valve may be connected to a pair of side supports that are fluidically couped to one another, or a pair of release valves may be connected to a pair of side supports that may or may not be fluidically coupled to one another.

[0066] Additionally or alternatively, valves may be connected to some or all of the chambers 106 that collectively form a geometric arrangement. Assume, for example, that the pressure-mitigation device 100 includes three chambers in addition to two side chambers that are fluidically coupled to each other. In such a scenario, valves may be connected to any of the three chambers, as well as any of the two side chambers. Thus, the pressure-mitigation device may include a set of valves, at least some of which allow for the release of fluid from the chambers 106 and at least some of which allow for the release of fluid from the side supports 104. Generally, each valve allows fluid to be rapidly yet controllably released from either a corresponding chamber or a corresponding side support, though a valve could be configured to permit the release of fluid from multiple chambers or multiple side supports.

[0067] Regardless of the number of valves, each valve is normally located proximate to the periphery of the pressure-mitigation device 100. Such an approach to locating valves ensures that the valves remain usable even while a human body is situated on the pressure-mitigation device 100.

[0068] Each release valve may be mechanically or electrically actuated.

[0069] In embodiments where the release valves are mechanically actuatable, each release valve may be actuated by an individual engaging a mechanical button (also referred to as a “strike button” or “release button”) that, when pressed, opens a channel through which fluid flows out of the corresponding chamber or corresponding side support into the ambient environment. In embodiments where the fluid is water or gel, the fluid may be directed into a container (e.g., from which the fluid can then be rerouted through the controller as further discussed below).

[0070] In embodiments where the release valves are electrically actuatable, the release valves may be actuated in different ways. For example, each release valve may include an actuator configured to controllably engage the valve, and a switch assembly may be located along an exterior surface of the pressure-mitigation device 100, where when engaged, the switch assembly can cause transmission of a signal to the actuator to prompt engagement of the valve. As another example, each release valve may include an actuator configured to controllably engage the valve, and the pressure-mitigation device 100 may include a processor that is configured to receive input indicative of an instruction to release fluid from the corresponding chamber or corresponding side support and then cause transmission of a signal to the actuator, so as to prompt engagement of the valve. The instruction may be provided via the controller or another computing device (e.g., a mobile phone or wearable electronic device) that is communicatively connected to the pressure-mitigation device 100. Thus, the input may be received from the controller that is fluidically connected to the pressure-mitigation device 100 and responsible for managing the flow of fluid into the series of chambers 106 and pair of side supports 104. Alternatively, the input may be received from a computing device that is communicatively connected to the pressure-mitigation device 100, either directly or indirectly (e.g., via the controller).

[0071] In some embodiments, all of the release valves included in the pressuremitigation device 100 may be collectively engageable. Valves may be synchronized via a physical or digital coupling that allows the valves to work in concert with one another. Such a feature allows for the simultaneous release of fluid from each chamber or side support. In some embodiments, subsets of the valves are collectively engageable. Assume, for example, that the pressure-mitigation device 100 includes five release valves, three release valves for the three chambers and two release valves for the two side supports. In such a scenario, the three release valves may be collectively engageable, to allow for the simultaneous release of fluid from the three chambers. Additionally or alternatively, the two release valves may be collectively engageable, to allow for the simultaneous release of fluid from the two side supports.

[0072] Figure 1 shows an embodiment where the release valves are separate from the valves through which fluid flows into the pressure-mitigation device 100. Because the release valves facilitate the discharge of fluid from the pressure-mitigation device 100, the release valves may be referred to as “egress valves” while the valves through which fluid flows into the pressure-mitigation device 100 may be referred to as “ingress valves.” In some embodiments, the same valves may allow for the bidirectional flow of fluid. Said another way, a “bidirectional valve” may allow for ingress and egress of fluid depending on its state.

[0073] Figures 2A-B are top and bottom views, respectively, of a pressure-mitigation device 200 configured in accordance with embodiments of the present technology. The pressure-mitigation device 200 is generally used in conjunction with non-elongated objects that support individuals in a seated or partially erect position. Examples of nonelongated objects include chairs (e.g., office chairs, examination chairs, recliners, and wheelchairs) and the seats included in vehicles and airplanes. Accordingly, the pressuremitigation device 200 may be positioned atop surfaces that have side supports integrated into the object itself (e.g., the side arms of a recliner or wheelchair). Note, however, that the pressure-mitigation device 200 could likewise be used in conjunction with elongated objects in a manner generally similar to the pressure-mitigation device 100 of Figures 1 A- B.

[0074] In some embodiments, the pressure-mitigation device 200 is secured to a surface using an attachment apparatus. In other embodiments, the attachment apparatus is omitted such that the pressure-mitigation device 200 directly contacts the underlying surface. In such embodiments, the pressure-mitigation device 200 may have a tacky substance deposited along at least a portion of its outer surface that allows it to temporarily adhere to the surface.

[0075] The pressure-mitigation device 200 can include various features similar to the features of the pressure-mitigation device 100 described above with respect to Figures 1 A-B. For example, the pressure-mitigation device 200 may include a first portion 202 (also referred to as a “first layer” or “bottom layer”) designed to face the surface, a second portion 204 (also referred to as a “second layer” or “top layer”) designed to face the human body supported by the surface, and a plurality of chambers 206 formed via interconnections between the first and second portions 202, 204. In this embodiment, the pressure-mitigation device 200 includes an “M-shaped” chamber intertwined with a backward “J-shaped” chamber and a backward “C-shaped” chamber. Varying the pressure in such an arrangement of chambers 206 has been shown to effectively mitigate the pressure applied by a surface to the gluteal and sacral regions of a human body in a seated position. These chambers may be intertwined to collectively form a squareshaped pattern. Pressure-mitigation devices designed for deployment on the surfaces of non-elongated objects may have substantially quadrilateral-shaped patterns of chambers, while pressure-mitigation devices designed for deployment on the surfaces of elongated objects may have substantially square-shaped patterns of chambers.

[0076] As further discussed below, the chambers 206 can be inflated and / or deflated in a predetermined pattern and to predetermined pressure levels. The individual chambers 206 may be inflated to higher pressure levels than the chambers 106 of the pressure-mitigation device 100 described with respect to Figures 1 A-B because the human body being supported by the pressure-mitigation apparatus 200 is in a seated position, thereby causing more pressure to be applied by the underlying surface than if the human body were in a supine or prone position. Further, unlike the pressuremitigation device 100 of Figures 1A-B, the pressure-mitigation device 200 of Figures 2A-B does not include side supports. As noted above, side supports may be omitted when the object on which the individual is situated (e.g., seated or reclined) already provides components that will laterally center the human body, as is often the case with nonelongated support surfaces. One example of such a component is the armrests along the side of a chair.

[0077] As further described below with respect to Figures 6A-C, a controller can control the pressure in each chamber 206 by providing a discrete airflow via one or more corresponding valves 208. Here, the pressure-mitigation apparatus 200 includes three valves 208, and each of the three valves 208 corresponds to a single chamber 206. Other embodiments of the pressure-mitigation apparatus 200 may include fewer than three valves or more than three valves, and each valve can be associated with one or more chambers to control inflation / deflation of those chamber(s). A single valve could be in fluid communication with two or more chambers. Further, a single chamber could be in fluid communication with two or more valves (e.g., one valve for inflation and another valve for deflation).

[0078] Figure 3 is a top view of a pressure-mitigation device 300 for relieving pressure on an anatomical region applied by a wheelchair in accordance with embodiments of the present technology. The pressure-mitigation device 300 can include features similar to the features of the pressure-mitigation device 200 of Figures 2A-B and the pressuremitigation device 100 of Figures 1 A-B described above. For example, the pressuremitigation device 300 can include a first portion 302 (also referred to as a “first layer” or “bottom layer”) designed to face the seat of the wheelchair, a second portion 304 (also referred to as a “second layer” or “top layer”) designed to face the human body supported by the seat of the wheelchair, a series of chambers 306 formed by interconnections between the first and second portions 302, 304, and multiple valves 308 that control the flow of fluid into and / or out of the chambers 306. As can be seen in Figure 3, the chambers 306 may be arranged similar to those shown in Figures 2A-B. Here, however, the pressure-mitigation device 300 is designed such that the valves 308 will be located near the backrest of the wheelchair. Such a design may allow the tubing connected to the valves 308 to be routed through a gap near, beneath, or in the backrest.

[0079] In some embodiments the first portion 302 is directly adjacent to the seat of the wheelchair, while in other embodiments the first portion 302 is directly adjacent to an attachment apparatus. As shown in Figure 3, the pressure-mitigation device 300 may include an “M-shaped” chamber intertwined with a “U-shaped” chamber and a “C-shaped” chamber, which are inflated and deflated in accordance with a predetermined pattern to mitigate the pressure applied to the sacral region of a human body in a sitting position on the seat of a wheelchair. These chambers may be intertwined to collectively form a square-shaped pattern.Overview of Approaches to Mitigating Pressure

[0080] Figure 4 is a partially schematic top view of a pressure-mitigation device 400 illustrating how a pressure gradient can be created by varying pressure distributions to avoid ischemia in a mobility-impaired patient in accordance with embodiments of the present technology. When a human body is supported by a surface 402 for an extended duration, pressure injuries may form in the tissue overlaying bony prominences, such as the skin overlying the sacrum, coccyx, heels, or hips. Generally, these bony prominences represent the locations at which the most pressure is applied by the surface 402 and, therefore, may be referred to as the “main pressure points” along the surface of the human body.

[0081] To prevent the formation of pressure injuries, healthy individuals periodically make minor positional adjustments (also known as “micro-adjustments”) to shift the location of the main pressure point. However, individuals having impaired mobility often cannot make these micro-adjustments by themselves. Mobility impairment may be due to physical injury (e.g., a traumatic injury or a progressive injury), movement limitations (e.g., within a vehicle, on an aircraft, or in restraints), medical procedures (e.g., those requiring anesthesia), and / or other conditions that limit natural movement. For these mobility- impaired individuals, the pressure-mitigation device 400 can be used to shift the location of the main pressure point(s) on their behalf. That is, the pressure-mitigation device 400 can create moving pressure gradients to avoid sustained, localized vascular compression and enhance tissue perfusion.

[0082] The pressure-mitigation device 400 can include a series of chambers 404whose pressure can be individually varied. The chambers 404 may be formed by interconnections between the top and bottom layers of the pressure-mitigation device 400. The top layer may be comprised of a first material (e.g., a permeable, non-irritating material) configured for direct contact with a human body, while the bottom layer may be comprised of a second material (e.g., a non-permeable, gripping material) configured for direct contact with the surface 402. Generally, the first material is permeable to gasses (e.g., air) and / or liquids (e.g., water and sweat) to prevent buildup of fluids that may irritate the skin. Meanwhile, the second material may not be permeable to gasses or liquids to prevent soilage of the underlying object. Accordingly, air discharged into the chambers 404 may be able to slowly escape through the first material (e.g., naturally or via perforations) but not the second material, while liquids may be able to penetrate the first material (e.g., naturally or via perforations) but not the second material. Note, however, that the first material is generally selected such that the top layer does not actually become saturated with liquid to reduce the likelihood of irritation. Instead, the top layer may allow liquid to pass therethrough into the cavities, from which the liquid can be subsequently discharged (e.g., as part of a cleaning process). The top layer and / or the bottom layer can be comprised of more than one material, such as a coated fabric or a stack of interconnected materials.

[0083] The pressure-mitigation device 400 may be designed such that inflation of at least some of the chambers 404 causes air to be continuously exchanged across the surface of the human body. Said another way, simultaneous inflation of at least some of the chambers 404 may provide a desiccating effect to inhibit generation and / or collection of moisture along the skin in a given anatomical region. In some embodiments, the pressure-mitigation device 400 is able to maintain airflow through the use of a porous material. For example, the top layer may be comprised of a biocompatible material through which air can flow (e.g., naturally or via perforations). In other embodiments, the pressure-mitigation device 400 is able to maintain airflow without the use of a porous material. For example, airflows can be created and / or permitted simply through varied pressurization of the chambers 404. This represents a new approach to microclimate management that is enabled by simultaneous inflation and deflation of the chambers 404. At a high level, each void formed beneath a human body due to deflation of at least onechamber can be thought of as a microclimate that cools and desiccates the corresponding portion of the anatomical region. Heat and humidity can lead to injury (e.g., further development of ulcers), so the cooling and desiccating effects may present some injuries due to inhibition of moisture generation / collection along the skin in the anatomical region.

[0084] As discussed below with respect to Figures 13A-13D, a pump (also referred to as a “pressure device”) can be fluidically coupled to each chamber 404 (e.g., via a corresponding valve), while a controller can control the flow of fluid generated by the pump into each chamber 404 on an individual basis in accordance with a predetermined pattern. The controller can operate the series of chambers 404 in several different ways.

[0085] In some embodiments, the chambers 404 have a naturally deflated state, and the controller causes the pump to inflate at least one of the chambers 404 to shift the main pressure point along the anatomy of the human body. For example, the pump may inflate at least one chamber located directly beneath an anatomical region to momentarily apply contact pressure to that anatomical region and relieve contact pressure on the surrounding anatomical regions adjacent to the deflated chamber(s). Alternatively, the controller may cause the pump to inflate two or more chambers adjacent to an anatomical region to create a void beneath the anatomical region to shift the main pressure point at least momentarily away from the anatomical region.

[0086] In other embodiments, the chambers 404 have a naturally inflated state, and the controller may cause deflation of at least one of the chambers 404 to shift the main pressure point along the anatomy of the human body. For example, the pump may cause deflation of at least one chamber located directly beneath an anatomical region, thereby forming a void beneath the anatomical region to momentarily relieve the contact pressure on the anatomical region. To deflate a chamber, the controller may simply prevent an airflow generated by the pump from entering the chamber as further discussed below with reference to Figures 9-10. Additionally or alternatively, the controller may cause air contained in the chamber to be released (e.g., via a release valve). At least partial deflation may naturally occur in this scenario if air escapes through the valve quicker than air enters the chamber.

[0087] Whether configured in a naturally deflated state or a naturally inflated state, thecontinuous or intermittent alteration of the inflation levels of the individual chambers 404 moves the location of the main pressure point across different portions of the human body. As shown in Figure 4, for example, inflating and / or deflating the chambers 404 creates temporary contact regions 406 that move across the pressure-mitigation device 500 in a predetermined pattern, and thereby changing the location of the main pressure point(s) on the human body for finite intervals of time. Thus, the pressure-mitigation device 500 can simulate the micro-adjustments made by healthy individuals to relieve stagnant pressure applied by the surface 402.

[0088] The series of chambers 404 may be arranged in an anatomy-specific pattern so that when the pressure of one or more chambers is altered, the contact pressure on a specific anatomical region of the human body is relieved (e.g., by shifting the main pressure point elsewhere). As an example, the main pressure point may be moved between eight different locations corresponding to the eight temporary contact regions 406 as shown in Figure 4. In some embodiments the main pressure point shifts between these locations in a predictable manner (e.g., in a clockwise or counter-clockwise pattern), while in other embodiments the main pressure point shifts between these locations in an unpredictable manner (e.g., in accordance with a random pattern or a semi-random pattern, based on the amount of force applied by the human body to the chambers, or based on the pressure of the chambers). Those skilled in the art will recognize that the number and position of these temporary contact regions 406 may vary based on the size of the pressure-mitigation device 500, the arrangement of chambers 404, the number of chambers 404, the anatomical region supported by the pressure-mitigation device 400, the characteristics of the human body supported by the pressure-mitigation device 400, the condition of the human body (e.g., whether the person is completely immobilized, partially immobilized, etc.), or any combination thereof.

[0089] As discussed above, the pressure-mitigation device 400 may not include side supports if the condition of a user would not benefit from the positioning assistance provided by the side supports. For example, side supports can be omitted when the user is medically immobilized (e.g., under anesthesia, in a medically induced coma, etc.) and / or physically restrained on the underlying surface 402 (e.g., by rails on the side of abed, arm rests on the side of a chair, restraints that limit movement, etc.).

[0090] Figure 5A is a partially schematic side view of a pressure-mitigation device 502a for relieving pressure on a specific anatomical region by deflating one or more chambers in accordance with embodiments of the present technology. The pressuremitigation device 502a can be positioned between the surface of an object 500 and a human body 504. Examples of objects 500 include elongated objects, such as mattresses, stretchers, operating tables, and procedure tables, and non-elongated objects, such as chairs (e.g., office chairs, examination chairs, recliners, and wheelchairs) and the seats included in vehicles and airplanes. To relieve the pressure on a specific anatomical region of the human body 504, at least one chamber 508a of multiple chambers (collectively referred to as “chambers 508”) proximate to the specific anatomical region is at least partially deflated to create a void 506a beneath the specific anatomical region. In such embodiments, the remaining chambers 508 may remain inflated. Thus, the pressure-mitigation device 502a may sequentially deflate chambers (or arrangements of multiple chambers) to relieve the pressure applied to the human body 504 by the surface of the object 500.

[0091] Figure 5B is a partially schematic side view of a pressure-mitigation device 502b for relieving pressure on a specific anatomical region by inflating one or more chambers in accordance with embodiments of the present technology. For example, to relieve the pressure on a specific anatomical region of the human body 504, the pressuremitigation device 502b can inflate two chambers 508b and 508c disposed directly adjacent to the specific anatomical region to create a void 506b beneath the specific anatomical region. In such embodiments, the remaining chambers may remain partially or entirely deflated. Thus, the pressure-mitigation device 502b may sequentially inflate a chamber (or arrangements of multiple chambers) to relieve the pressure applied to the human body 504 by the surface of the object 500.

[0092] The pressure-mitigation devices 502a, 502b of Figures 5A-B are shown to be in direct contact with the contact surface 500. However, in some embodiments, an attachment apparatus is positioned between the pressure-mitigation devices 502a, 502b and the object 500. The attachment apparatus may be designed to help secure thepressure-mitigation devices 502a, 502b and the object 500. For example, the attachment apparatus may be made of a material that is naturally tacky or sticky so as to inhibit movement of the pressure-mitigation devices 502a, 502b with respect to the object 500. Alternatively, the bottom side of the pressure-mitigation devices 502a, 502b could be coated with a material, such as a removable adhesive (e.g., an elastomer- or silicone- based sealant or a pressure-sensitive film) or tacky substance (e.g., silicone rubber).

[0093] In some embodiments, the pressure-mitigation devices 502a, 52b of Figures 5A-B have the same configuration of chambers 508, and can operate in both a normally inflated state (described with respect to Figure 5A) and a normally deflated state (described with respect to Figure 5B) based on the selection of an operator (e.g., the user or some other person, such as a healthcare professional or family member). For example, the operator can use a controller to select a normally deflated mode such that the pressure-mitigation device operates as described with respect to Figure 5B, and then change the mode of operation to a normally inflated mode such that the pressuremitigation device operates as described with respect to Figure 5A. Thus, the pressuremitigation devices described herein can shift the location of the main pressure point by controllably inflating chambers, controllably deflating chambers, or a combination thereof.Overview of Controller Devices

[0094] Figures 6A-C are isometric, front, and back views, respectively, of a controller device 600 (also referred to as a “controller”) that is responsible for controlling inflation and / or deflation of the chambers of a pressure-mitigation device in accordance with embodiments of the present technology. For example, the controller 600 can be coupled to the pressure-mitigation devices 100, 200, and 300 described above with respect to Figures 1 A-3 to control the pressure within the chambers 106, 206, and 306. The controller 600 can manage the pressure in each chamber of a pressure-mitigation device by controllably driving one or more pumps. In some embodiments, a single pump is fluidically connected to all the chambers such that the pump is responsible for directing fluid flow to and / or from multiple chambers. In other embodiments, the controller 600 is coupled to two or more pumps, each of which can be fluidically coupled to a single chamber to drive i nf lation / def lation of that chamber. In other embodiments, the controller600 is coupled to at least one pump that is fluidically coupled to two or more chambers and / or at least one pump that is fluidically coupled to a single chamber. The pump(s) may reside within the housing of the controller 600 such that the system is easily transportable. Alternatively, the pump(s) may reside in a housing separate from the controller 600.

[0095] As shown in Figures 6A-C, the controller 600 can include a housing 602 in which internal components (e.g., those described below with respect to Figure 7) reside and a handle 604 that is connected to the housing 602. In some embodiments the handle 604 is fixedly secured to the housing 602 in a predetermined orientation, while in other embodiments the handle 604 is pivotably secured to the housing 602. For example, the handle 604 may be rotatable about a hinge connected to the housing 602 between multiple positions. The hinge may be one of a pair of hinges connected to the housing 602 along opposing lateral sides. The handle 604 enables the controller 600 to be readily transported, for example, from a storage location to a deployment location (e.g., proximate a human body that is positioned on a surface). Moreover, the handle 604 could be used to releasably attach the controller 600 to a structure. For example, the handle 604 could be hooked on an intravenous (IV) pole (also referred to as an “IV stand” or “infusion stand”).

[0096] In some embodiments, the controller 600 includes a retention mechanism 614 that is attached to, or integrated within, the housing 602. Cords (e.g., electrical cords), tubes, and / or other elongated structures associated with the system can be wrapped around or otherwise supported by the retention mechanism 614. Thus, the retention mechanism 614 may provide strain relief and retention of an electrical cord (also referred to as a “power cord”). In some embodiments, the retention mechanism 614 includes a flexible flange that can retain the plug of the electrical cord.

[0097] As further shown in Figures 6A-C, the controller 600 may include a connection mechanism 612 that allows the housing 602 to be securely, yet releasably, attached to a structure. Examples of structures include IV poles, mobile workstations (also referred to as “mobile carts”), bedframes, rails, handles (e.g., of wheelchairs), and tables. The connection mechanism 612 may be used instead of, or in addition to, the handle 604 for mounting the controller 600 to the structure. In the illustrated embodiment, the connectionmechanism 612 is a mounting hook that allows for single-hand operation and is adjustable to allow for attachment to mounting surfaces with various thicknesses. In some embodiments, the controller 600 includes an IV pole clamp 616 that eases attachment of the controller 600 to IV poles. The IV pole clamp 616 may be designed to enable quick securement, and the IV pole clamp 616 can be self-centering with the use of a single activation mechanism (e.g., knob or button).

[0098] In some embodiments, the housing 602 includes one or more input components 606 for providing instructions to the controller 600. The input component(s) 606 may include knobs (e.g., as shown in Figures 6A-C), dials, buttons, levers, and / or other actuation mechanisms. An operator can interact with the input component(s) 606 to alter the airflow provided to the pressure-mitigation device, discharge air from the pressure-mitigation device, or disconnect the controller 600 from the pressure-mitigation device (e.g., by disconnecting the controller 600 from tubing connected between the controller 600 and pressure-mitigation device).

[0099] As further discussed below, the controller 600 can be configured to inflate and / or deflate the chambers of a pressure-mitigation device in a predetermined pattern by managing one or more flows of fluid (e.g., air) produced by one or more pumps. In some embodiments the pump(s) reside in the housing 602 of the controller 600, while in other embodiments the controller 600 is fluidically connected to the pump(s). For example, the housing 602 may include a first fluid interface through which fluid is received from the pump(s) and a second fluid interface through which fluid is directed to the pressure-mitigation device. Multi-channel tubing may be connected to either of these fluid interfaces. For example, multi-channel tubing may be connected between the first fluid interface of the controller 600 and multiple pumps. As another example, multi-channel tubing may be connected between the second fluid interface of the controller 600 and multiple valves of the pressure-mitigation device. Here, the controller 600 includes a fluid interface 608 designed to interface with multi-channel tubing. In some embodiments the multi-channel tubing permits unidirectional fluid flow, while in other embodiments the multi-channel tubing permits bidirectional fluid flow. Thus, fluid returning from the pressure-mitigation device (e.g., as part of a discharge process) may travel back to thecontroller 600 through the second fluid interface. By controlling the exhaust of fluid returning from the pressure-mitigation device, the controller 600 can actively manage the noise created during use.

[0100] By monitoring the connection with the fluid interface 608, the controller 600 may be able to detect which type of pressure-mitigation device has been connected. Each type of pressure-mitigation device may include a different type of connector. For example, a pressure-mitigation device designed for elongated objects (e.g., the pressure-mitigation device 100 of Figures 1 A-B) may include a first arrangement of magnets in its connector, while a pressure-mitigation device designed for non-elongated objects (e.g., the pressuremitigation device 200 of Figures 2A-B or pressure-mitigation device 300 of Figure 3) may include a second arrangement of magnets in its connector. The controller 600 may include one or more sensors arranged near the fluid interface 608 that are able to detect whether magnets are located within a specified proximity. The controller 600 may automatically determine, based on which magnets have been detected by the sensor(s), which type of pressure-mitigation device is connected.

[0101] Pressure-mitigation devices may have different geometries, layouts, and / or dimensions suitable for various positions (e.g., supine, prone, sitting), various supporting objects (e.g., wheelchair, bed, recliner, surgical table), and / or various user characteristics (e.g., weight, size, ailment), and the controller 600 can be configured to automatically detect the type of pressure-mitigation device connected thereto. In some embodiments, the automatic detection is performed using other suitable identification mechanisms, such as the controller 600 reading a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag or barcode on the pressure-mitigation device. Alternatively, the controller 600 may permit an operator to specify the type of pressure-mitigation device connected thereto. For example, the operator may be able to select, using an input component (e.g., input component 606), a type of pressure-mitigation device via a display 610. The controller 600 can be configured to dynamically alter the pattern for inflating and / or deflating chambers based on which type of pressure-mitigation device is connected.

[0102] As shown in Figures 6A-B, the controller 600 may include a display 610 for displaying information related to the pressure-mitigation device, the pattern ofinf lations / def lations, the user, etc. For example, the display 610 may present an interface that specifies which type of pressure-mitigation device is connected to the controller 600. As another example, the display 610 may present an interface that specifies the programmed pattern that is presently governing inflation / deflation of the pressuremitigation device, as well as the current state within the programmed pattern. Other display technologies could also be used to convey information to an operator of the controller 600. In some embodiments, the controller 600 includes a series of lights (e.g., light-emitting diodes) that are representative of different statuses to provide visual alerts to the operator or the user. For example, a status light may provide a green visual indication if the controller 600 is presently providing therapy, a yellow visual indication if the controller 600 has been paused (i.e. , is in a pause mode), a red visual indication if the controller 600 has experienced an issue (e.g., noncompliance of patient, patient not detected) or requires maintenance (i.e., is in an alert mode), etc. These visual indications may dim upon the conclusion of a specified period of time or upon determining that the status has changed (e.g., the pause mode is no longer active).

[0103] In some embodiments, the controller 600 includes a rapid deflate function that allows an operator to rapidly deflate the pressure-mitigation device. The rapid deflate function may be designed such that the entire pressure-mitigation device is deflated or a portion (e.g., the side supports of Figure 13) of the pressure-mitigation device is deflated. The rapid deflate function may be a software-implemented solution that can be activated via the display 610 (e.g., when configured as a touch-enabled graphical user interface) and / or input components (e.g., input ports, knobs, or tactile actuators such as buttons, switches, etc.) located on the controller 600. This rapid deflation, in particular the deflation of the side supports in whole, or selectively, is expected to be beneficial to operators when there is a need for quick access to the user, such as to provide cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or to move the user on one side by turning or tilting the user.

[0104] Figure 7 illustrates an example of a controller 700 in accordance with embodiments of the present technology. As shown in Figure 7, the controller 700 can include a processor 702, memory 704, display 706, communication module 708, manifold 710, and / or power component 712 that is electrically coupled to a power interface 714.These components may reside within a housing (also referred to as a “structural body”), such as the housing 602 described above with respect to Figures 6A-6C. In some embodiments, the aspects of the controller 700 are incorporated into other components of a pressure-mitigation system. For example, some components of the controller 700 may be incorporated into a computing device (e.g., a mobile phone or a mobile workstation) that is remotely coupled to a pressure-mitigation device. As another example, some components of the controller 700 may be incorporated into the pressuremitigation device itself. While “integrated” pressure-mitigation devices are more costly to produce due to the additional components, there can be significant savings in terms of space and logistics, as a separate controller and tubing may not be necessary.

[0105] Each of these components is discussed in greater detail below. Those skilled in the art will recognize that different combinations of these components may be present depending on the nature of the controller 700. Other components could also be included depending on the desired capabilities of the controller 700.

[0106] For example, the controller 700 could include one or more dispensing mechanisms that are able to selectively dispense fluid from a reservoir to inflate the chambers of the pressure-mitigation device. The fluid could be water, which might increase the ambient humidity of the environment. Alternatively, the fluid could be scented, thereby allowing the controller 700 to operate as an aromatherapy device in addition to a pressure-mitigation device. Such a feature may be desirable if the pressuremitigation device is intended to be used in conjunction with a prescribed therapy program.

[0107] In embodiments where the fluid is scented, the dispensing mechanisms may be referred to as “fragrance output mechanisms” that are able to discharge scented fluid (e.g., air or liquid) from corresponding reservoirs so as to produce an aroma. Each dispensing mechanism can include (i) a pump that is able to selectively dispense the scented fluid from a corresponding reservoir and (ii) a nozzle through which the scented fluid is dispensed. In operation, the processor 702 can transmit signals to the dispensing mechanisms so as to cause the scented fluid to be dispensed into the ambient environment. In embodiments where the controller 700 includes multiple dispensing mechanisms, the processor 702 may transmit multiple signals to the multiple dispensingmechanisms to indicate to each dispensing mechanism how much scented fluid to dispense. In some embodiments, the pattern for dispensing scented fluid is based on the programmed pattern that governs how and when to inflate the inflatable chambers of the pressure-mitigation device. For example, the programmed pattern may include frames that define when signals are to be transmitted to the dispensing mechanisms. Note that each signal may not only specify the amount of scented fluid to be dispensed but also the interval of time over which the scented fluid is to be dispensed. The scented fluid can take several different forms. In some embodiments, the scented fluid is a liquid that is dispensed in the form of a spray. In other embodiments, the scented fluid is an aerosol that is enclosed in the reservoir under pressure and dispensed by the corresponding dispensing mechanism as a spray by means of a propellant gas. The controller 700 could include a single reservoir in which scented fluid is stored, or the controller 700 could include multiple reservoirs in which scented fluids are stored. Normally, each reservoir of the multiple reservoirs includes a different scented fluid, though this need not be the case. Further, each reservoir may correspond with a dispensing mechanism that is responsible for controlling dispensation of the scented fluid therefrom. In some embodiments, the number of dispensing mechanisms corresponds to the number of reservoirs. In other embodiments, at least one dispensing mechanism is shared among multiple reservoirs. Thus, the controller 700 may only have a single dispensing mechanism even if there are multiple reservoirs storing different scented fluids. To ensure reusability, the reservoirs may be readily removable from the controller device 600. For example, the controller device 600 may include a hinged door that, when opened, reveals a compartment in which the reservoirs are held.

[0108] As another example, the controller 700 could include a fan that is configured to generate an airflow. Often, a fan is included in embodiments where the controller 700 includes dispensing mechanisms for dispensing fluid, either scented or unscented, in order to promote dispersion of the fluid throughout the ambient environment. However, a fan could be included in embodiments where the controller 700 does not include any dispensing mechanisms. In such a scenario, the fan may be positioned and oriented so that the airflow is directed toward the user of the pressure-mitigation device.

[0109] As another example, the controller could include circuitry (also called “detecting circuitry” or a “detecting circuit”) that is able to detect and then examine electronic signatures emitted by nearby sources. One example of a source is a radio transmitter (also called a “beacon”) that is configured to continually or periodically broadcast its identifier to nearby computing device. The signal that is representative of the identifier may be referred to as an “electronic signature” that identifies the beacon, and therefore whatever object the beacon is part of. Specifically, the detecting circuit may monitor for electronic signatures emitted by nearby beacons and, in response to detecting an electronic signature, transmit a signal to the processor 702 to prompt further action. Accordingly, if an item (e.g., a wristband, file, or computing device) that includes a beacon is presented to the controller 700, the controller 700 may be able to detect the electronic signature emitted by the beacon and then take appropriate action. For example, the processor 702 may determine whether to authorize use of the controller 700 based on an analysis of the electronic signature. As another example, the processor 702 may derive information regarding the human body to be treated based on an analysis of the electronic signature and then adjust the programmed pattern - which indicates how to inflate the chambers of the pressure-mitigation device - based on the information derived from the electronic signature. Thus, the controller 700 may determine, based on the electronic signature that conveys information regarding the human body to be treated, how to inflate the chambers of the pressure-mitigation device. Electronic signatures may be transmitted via RFID, Bluetooth®, Wi-Fi®, Near Field Communication (NFC), or another short-range wireless communication protocol. In addition to being used to convey information, electronic signatures may simply be used as a means of identifying a source from which to receive information or a destination to which to transmit information. Assume, for example, that the controller 700 receives input indicative of a request to inflate the chambers of a pressure-mitigation device in accordance with a programmed pattern. In such a scenario, the controller 700 may monitor for electronic signatures that are broadcast by nearby beacons. Upon identifying an electronic signature that is representative of a computing device, the controller 700 may establish a wireless communication channel with the computing device. As further discussed below, the wireless communication channel could be used to receive information from, and transmitinformation to, the computing device.

[0110] As another example, the controller 700 could include an image sensor that is configured to produce digital images based on the light that is reflected by objects in a field of view and collected through a lens. Digital images could be produced continually, or digital images could be produced periodically, for example, in response to determining that an object is located within a certain proximity of the image sensor in its field of view. The processor 702 can be configured to review the digital images to determine whether any include content of interest. For example, the processor 702 may determine that a digital image includes an object that is presented to the image sensor for the purpose of identifying the human body to be treated with the pressure-mitigation apparatus. In such a scenario, the processor 702 may derive information regarding the human body based on an analysis of the digital image. In some cases, the object may include human- readable characters that convey the information. For example, the object may be a paper that includes information such as the user’s name, weight, age, and the like. In other cases, the object may include a machine-readable code from which the information is derivable. For example, the processor 702 may be able to examine Quick Response codes (also called “QR codes”), bar codes, and alphanumeric strings that are printed on items such as wristbands, files, and the like. By examining the machine-readable code that is printed on an object associated with a human body, the controller may be able to determine, infer, or derive information regarding the human body. These features allow the controller 700 to act as a “single action” solution for treating the human body since the controller may automatically begin treatment after an electronic signature or machine- readable code has been presented. Accordingly, the controller 700 may not only initiate treatment in response to deriving user-related information from a digital image, but could also adjust the programmed pattern for inflating the chambers of the pressure-mitigation device based on the user-related information.

[0111] The processor 702 can have generic characteristics similar to general- purpose processors, or the processor 702 may be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) that provides control functions to the controller 700. As shown in Figure 7, the processor 702 can be coupled to all components of the controller 700, either directlyor indirectly, for communication purposes.

[0112] The memory 704 may be comprised of any suitable type of storage medium, such as static random-access memory (SRAM), dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, or registers. In addition to storing instructions that can be executed by the processor 702, the memory 704 can also store data generated by the processor 702 (e.g., when executing the analysis platform 730). Note that the memory 704 is merely an abstract representation of a storage environment. The memory 704 could be comprised of actual memory chips or modules.

[0113] The display 706 can be any mechanism that is operable to visually convey information to an operator. For example, the display 706 may be a panel that includes LEDs, organic LEDs, liquid crystal elements, or electrophoretic elements as shown in Figures 6A-6B. Alternatively, the display 706 may simply be a series of lights (e.g., LEDs) that are able to indicate the status of the controller 700. In some embodiments, the display 706 is touch-sensitive and may use haptics, creating tactile sensations and feedback on the display 706. Thus, a user may be able to provide input to the controller 700 by interacting with the display 706 itself. Additionally, or alternatively, the operator user may be able to provide input to the controller 700 by interacting with input components, such as input ports, knobs, dials, buttons, levers, and / or other actuation mechanisms.

[0114] Various types of information can be presented by the display 706. For example, information related to the state of the pressure-mitigation device and / or programmed pattern could be presented on the display 706, so as to indicate progression. As another example, information regarding the human body situated on the pressure-mitigation device could be presented on the display 706. Said another way, information related to the user may be presented on the display 706. The user-related information could be obtained through an analysis of an electronic signature that is detected by the controller 700, or the user-related information could be obtained through an analysis of a digital image that includes an object presented to an image sensor for the purpose of identifying the human body or conveying the user-related information. Alternatively, the user-related information could be obtained from a source external to the controller 700, in which casethe user-related information may initially be received by the communication module 708.

[0115] The communication module 708 may be responsible for managing communications between the components of the controller 700, or the communication module 708 may be responsible for managing communications with other computing devices (e.g., a mobile phone associated with the operator, a network-accessible server system accessible to either an entity responsible for manufacturing, providing, or managing pressure-mitigation devices or an entity responsible for prescribing or providing care to the user). The communication module 708 may be wireless communication circuitry that is designed to establish communication channels with other computing devices. Examples of wireless communication circuitry include integrated circuits (also referred to as “chips”) configured for Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, NFC, and the like.

[0116] Moreover, the communication module 708 may be responsible for providing information for retrieving information from, or uploading information to, the electronic health record that is associated with the human body that is presently being treated. Assume, for example, that the controller 700 receives input indicating that a given person is to be treated using a pressure-mitigation device. In such a situation, the controller 700 may establish a connection with a storage medium that includes the electronic health record of the given person. The connection with the storage medium could be established in response to receiving the input, or the connection with the storage medium could be established in response to the controller 700 being deployed. In some embodiments the controller 700 downloads information from the electronic health record into the memory 704, while in other embodiments the controller 700 simply accesses the information in the electronic health record. This information could be used to determine how to treat the given person. For instance, the controller 700 may determine whether to adjust the programmed pattern for inflating the chambers of the pressure-mitigation device based on this information. As an example, the controller 700 may determine that the rates or pressures at which fluid flows into the chambers should be modified based on the weight, age, and height of the given person. A characteristic of the human body being treated, such as the weight, age, or height could be specified directly in the information. Alternatively, the controller 700 may infer, compute, or otherwise determine thecharacteristic based on an analysis of the information. As another example, the controller 700 may determine which program pattern to select for inflating the chambers of the pressure-mitigation device, whether to adjust the pattern, etc.

[0117] As mentioned above, information could also be transmitted by the communication module 708 to a destination external to the controller 700. For example, the controller 700 could include, or be communicatively connected to, one or more sensors as further discussed below. Data generated by these sensors - or insights gleaned through analysis of the data - could be provided to the communication module 708 for transmission, for example, to a storage medium for uploading into the electronic health record associated with the human body that is being treated.

[0118] The controller 700 may be connected to a pressure-mitigation device that includes a series of chambers whose pressure can be individually varied. When the pressure-mitigation device is placed between a human body and the surface of an object, the controller 700 can cause the pressure on an anatomical region of the human body to be varied by controllably inflating and / or deflating chamber(s). Such action can be accomplished by the manifold 710, which controls the flow of fluid to the series of chambers of the pressure-mitigation device. The manifold 710 is further described with respect to Figures 8 and 9.

[0119] As further discussed below, transducers mounted in the manifold 710 can generate an electrical signal based on the pressure detected in each chamber of the pressure-mitigation device. Generally, each chamber is associated with a different fluid channel and a different transducer. Accordingly, if the manifold 710 is designed to facilitate the flow of fluid to a pressure-mitigation device with four chambers, the manifold 710 may include four fluid channels and four transducers. In some embodiments, the manifold 710 includes fewer than four fluid channels and / or transducers or more than four fluid channels and / or transducers. Pressure data representative of the values of the electrical signals generated by the transducers can be stored, at least temporarily, in the memory 704. In some embodiments, the pressure data - or insights gleaned through analysis of the pressure data - is transmitted to a destination external to the controller 700 by the communication module 708 for storage or further analysis. Additionally oralternatively, information regarding the flow of fluid into the pressure-mitigation device could be transmitted to the destination. Examples of such information include the elapsed duration of treatment and remaining duration of treatment.

[0120] As further discussed below, the manifold 710 may be driven based on a clock signal that is generated by a clock module (not shown). For example, the processor 702 may be configured to generate signals for driving valves in the manifold 710 (or driving chips in communication with the valves) based on a comparison of the clock signal to a programmed pattern that indicates when the chambers of the pressure-mitigation device should be inflated or deflated. The programmed pattern may be one of multiple programmed patterns that are stored in the memory 704.

[0121] The clock signal generated by the clock module could also be used in other ways.

[0122] As an example, the controller 700 may be configured to generate notifications, for example, that indicate when the human body is to be turned, when medication is due to be administered, etc. Notifications may be generated by an indicating component on a periodic basis based on the clock signal. The term “indicating component” may refer to any component that is able to generate audible, visual, or tactile notifications. Examples of indicating components include the display 706 that is able to produce visual notifications, the audio output mechanism 722 that is able to produce audible notifications, and a haptic element (not shown) that is able to produce tactile notifications. Some embodiments of the controller 700 include more than one indicating component. For example, notifications may be generated by a first indicating component (e.g., the display 706) while notifications are generated by a second indicating component (e.g., the audio output mechanism 722).

[0123] The analysis platform 730 may be responsible for examining the pressure data. For convenience, the analysis platform 730 is described as a computer program that resides in the memory 704. However, the analysis platform 730 could be comprised of software, firmware, or hardware that is implemented in, or accessible to, the controller 700. In accordance with embodiments described herein, the analysis platform may include a processing module 716, analysis module 718, graphical user interface (GUI)module 720, and a movement module 728. Each of these modules can be an integral part of the analysis platform 730. Alternatively, these modules can be logically separate from the analysis platform 730 but operate “alongside” it. Together, these modules enable the analysis platform 730 to gain insights not only into whether the pressure-mitigation device connected to the controller 800 is being used properly, but also into the health of the human body situated on the pressure-mitigation device.

[0124] The processing module 716 can process pressure data obtained by the analysis platform 730 into a format that is suitable for the other modules. For example, in preparation for analysis by the analysis module 718, the processing module 716 may apply algorithms designed for temporal aligning, artifact removal, and the like. Accordingly, the processing module 716 may be responsible for ensuring that the pressure data is accessible to the other modules of the analysis platform 730. As further discussed below, the processor 702 may forward at least some of the pressure data, in either its processed or unprocessed form, to the communication module 708 for transmittal to a destination for analysis. In such a scenario, the processing module 716 may apply operations (e.g., filtering, compressing, labelling) to the pressure data before it is forwarded to the communication module 708 for transmission to the destination.

[0125] By examining the pressure data in conjunction with flow data representative of the fluid flowing from the controller 700 into the pressure-mitigation device, the analysis module 718 can control how the chambers are inflated and / or deflated. For example, the analysis module 718 may be responsible for separately controlling the set point for fluid flowing into each chamber such that the pressures of the chambers match a predetermined pattern.

[0126] By examining the pressure data, the analysis module 718 may also be able to sense movements of the human body under which the pressure-mitigation device is positioned. These movements may be caused by the user, another individual (e.g., a caregiver or an operator of the controller 700), or the underlying surface. The analysis module 718 may apply algorithms to the data representative of these movements (also referred to as “movement data” or “motion data”) to identify repetitive movements and / or random movements to better understand the health state of the user. For example, theanalysis module 718 may be able to produce a coverage metric indicative of the amount of time that the human body is properly positioned on the pressure-mitigation device. As further discussed below, the controller 700 (or another computing device) may be able to establish whether the pressure-mitigation device has been properly deployed and / or operated based on the coverage metric. As another example, the analysis module 718 may be able to establish the respiration rate, heart rate, or another vital measurement based on the movements of the user. Generally, the movement data is derived from the pressure data. That is, the analysis module 718 may be able to infer movements of the human body by analyzing the pressure of the chambers of the pressure-mitigation device in conjunction with the rate at which fluid is being delivered to those chambers. Consequently, some embodiments of the pressure-mitigation device may not actually include any sensors for measuring movement, such as accelerometers, tilt sensors, or gyroscopes.

[0127] The analysis module 718 may respond in several ways after examining the pressure data. For example, the analysis module 718 may generate a notification (e.g., an alert) to be presented by the controller 700 or transmitted to another computing device by the communication module 708. The other computing device may be associated with a healthcare professional, a caregiver, or some other entity (e.g., a researcher or an insurer). As another example, the analysis module 718 may cause the pressure data (or analyses of the pressure data) to be integrated with the electronic health record of the user. Generally, the electronic health record is maintained in a storage medium that is accessible to the communication module 708 across a network.

[0128] The analysis platform 730 may be responsible for managing the movement (e.g., a movement module 728) of the human body positioned on top of the pressuremitigation device. For instance, upon receiving input to turn the human body from the operator user, through the controller 700, the manifold 710 will proceed with controlling the flow of fluid to the inflatable chambers per the appropriate program instruction. For example, to turn the human body, one portion of the side supports 104 may inflate while the other portion of the side supports 104 may remain deflated.

[0129] The movement module 728 may be responsible for controlling the direction ofhow the human body is turned or tilted while the human body lies in a supine position on the pressure-mitigation device. For example, when the operator user indicates the direction (e.g., right, left, up, down, etc.) that the human body is to be oriented, the corresponding side supports 104 or first 1 10 or second portions 112 may be inflated. The movement module 728 may categorize the movement based on the operation. In other words, turning may be recognized by the movement module 728 as the turn function and tilting may be recognized by the movement module 728 as the tilt function.

[0130] In some embodiments, during the turn function, one of the side supports 104 may be inflated while the second side support 104 remains deflated with the first 110 and second portion 1 12 also remaining deflated. For example, if the operator user has inputted instructions to orient the human body toward the right by turning, then the left side of the side supports 104 will be inflated, whereas the right side of the side supports 104 and the first 1 10 and second portion 1 12 will either become deflated or remain deflated. In some embodiments, during the tilt function, either the first 110 or second 1 12 portion will be inflated while all of the remaining inflatable chambers become deflated. For example, if the operator user desires to tilt the human body in the forward direction, then the first portion 1 10 will be inflated and the second portion 112 as well as the side supports 104 will either become deflated or remain deflated. To tilt the human body in the backward direction, the second portion 112 will become inflated while the first portion 1 10 becomes deflated and the side supports 104 either become deflated or remain deflated. The operation of the turning function and tilting function within the movement module 728 is further described with respect to Figures 13A-13D.

[0131] In some embodiments, the movement module 728 may operate in conjunction with the processing module 716 and analysis module 718. As explained above, the processing module 716 may prepare the pressure data for analysis by the analysis module 718 and ensure that the pressure data is accessible to the other modules of the analysis platform 730. Further, the analysis module 718 may apply operations (e.g., filtering, compressing, labelling) to the pressure data prior to transmission of the pressure data to the communication module 708 and produce a coverage metric to identify whether the pressure-mitigation device is functioning properly. In some embodiments, once theprocessor 702 parses the pressure data and identifies individual values (e.g., values outside of an upper or lower threshold) or patterns of values that are indicative of an event related to the human body, the analysis module 718 will receive this data from the processing module 716. If the analysis module 718 identifies that a certain pressure threshold has been reached, then the movement module 728 will be triggered to initiate the turning or tilting function described above. For example, the inflatable chambers of the pressure-mitigation device may be inflated / deflated to a predetermined pressure level ranging incrementally between 0 to 100 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) (e.g., 15 mmHg, 20 mmHg, 30 mmHg, 45 mmHg, 50 mmHg, or any pressure level therebetween). In some embodiments, the inflatable chambers of the side supports 104, first portion 1 10, and second portion 112 can be inflated / deflated to the same or different pressure levels, and the duration that the chambers are maintained at the pressure levels may be the same or different or adjusted based on whether a certain threshold to turn or tilt the human body is achieved. For example, if the pressure level of the first portion 110 exceeds 100 mmHg, then the movement module 728 will proceed with the tilt function and move the human body forward.

[0132] The GUI module 720 may be responsible for generating interfaces that can be presented on the display 706. Various types of information can be presented on these interfaces. For example, information that is calculated, derived, or otherwise obtained by the analysis module 718 may be presented on an interface for display to the user or operator. As another example, visual feedback may be presented on an interface so as to indicate whether the user is properly situated on the pressure-mitigation device.

[0133] The controller 700 may include a power component 712 that is able to provide to the other components residing within the housing, as necessary. Examples of power components include rechargeable lithium-ion (Li-Ion) batteries, rechargeable nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries, rechargeable nickel-cadmium (NiCad) batteries, etc. In some embodiments, the controller 700 does not include a power component, and thus must receive power from an external source. In such embodiments, a cable designed to facilitate the transmission of power (e.g., via a physical connection of electrical contacts) may be connected between the power interface 714 of the controller 700 andthe external source. The external source may be, for example, an alternating current (AC) power socket or another computing device. The cable connected to the power interface 714 of the controller 700 may also be able to convey power so as to recharge the power component 712.

[0134] Embodiments of the controller 700 can include any subset of the components shown in Figure 7, as well as additional components not illustrated here.

[0135] For example, while the controller 700 is able to receive and transmit data wirelessly via the communication module 808, other embodiments of the controller 700 may include a physical data interface through which data can be transmitted to another computing device. Examples of physical data interfaces include Ethernet ports, Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports, and proprietary ports.

[0136] As another example, some embodiments of the controller 700 include an audio output mechanism 722 and / or an audio input mechanism 724. The audio output mechanism 722 may be any apparatus that is able to convert electrical impulses into sound. One example of an audio output mechanism is a loudspeaker (or simply “speaker”). Meanwhile, the audio input mechanism 724 may be any apparatus that is able to convert sound into electrical impulses. One example of an audio input mechanism is a microphone. Together, the audio output and input mechanisms 722, 724 may enable the user or operator to engage in an audible exchange with a person who is not located proximate the controller 700. Assume, for example, that the user has become misaligned with the pressure-mitigation device. In such a scenario, the user may utilize the audio input mechanism 724 to verbally ask for assistance, for example, from another person who is able to verbally confirm that assistance is forthcoming using the audio output mechanism 722. The other person could be a healthcare professional or caretaker of the user. This may be useful in situations where the user is unable to reposition herself on the pressure-mitigation device due to an underlying condition that inhibits or prevents movement.

[0137] The audio input mechanism 724 may be able to convert sound in the ambient environment into electrical impulses that can be examined by the processor 702, transmitted by the communication module 708, etc. The audio input mechanism 724 mayalso be able to generate a signal that is indicative of more nuanced sounds. For example, the audio input mechanism 724 may generate data that is representative of sounds originating from within the human body situated on a pressure-mitigation device. These sounds may be representative of auscultation sounds generated by the circulatory, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems. This data could be transmitted (e.g., by the communication module 808) to a destination for analysis.

[0138] Accordingly, embodiments of the controller 800 may include an audio input mechanism 724 in addition to, or instead of, an audio output mechanism 722. In embodiments where the controller 700 includes an audio output mechanism 722, the processor 702 may transmit a signal to the audio output mechanism 722, so as to cause sound (e.g., in the form of an utterance) to be emitted therefrom. This may be done before treatment has begun (e.g., to ensure the pressure-mitigation apparatus is properly deployed), while treatment is ongoing (e.g., to engage the user), or after treatment is complete (e.g., as a means of incentivizing future treatment). While the utterances emitted from the audio output mechanism 722 may commonly be instructions regarding use of the pressure-mitigation device and controller 700, the utterances could alternatively be questions, for example, to seek feedback from the user.

[0139] In some embodiments, the utterances emitted from the audio output mechanism 722 are recorded, and the corresponding signal is stored in the memory 704 or retrieved by the communication module 808 from a source external to the controller 700. In other embodiments, the utterances are part of a conversation. By initiating communication with a computing device, the communication module 708 can facilitate the exchange of signals between the controller 700 and computing device. For example, the communication module 708 may receive, from the computer program, a first signal that is representative of an utterance as recorded by an audio input mechanism of the computing device. In such a scenario, the processor 702 can generate a second signal based on the first signal and then transmit the second signal to the audio output mechanism 722, so as to cause the utterance to be emitted therefrom. Similarly, if the audio input mechanism 724 generates a signal that is representative of an utterance spoken by the user of the pressure-mitigation device or the operator of the controller 700,the processor 702 may transmit the signal (or another signal that is based on the signal) to the communication module 708 for transmission to the computing device. As mentioned above, this exchange of signals may occur in near real time, so as to permit conversation in which the utterances recorded by the audio input mechanism 724 are responsive to the utterances emitted by the audio output mechanism 722, or vice versa.

[0140] Other sensors may also be implemented in, or accessible to, the controller 700. For example, sensors may be contained in the housing of the controller 700 and / or embedded within the pressure-mitigation device that is connected to the controller 700. Collectively, these sensors may be referred to as the “sensor suite” 726 of the pressuremitigation system. At a high level, these sensors generally output a signal that is indicative of either a monitored characteristic of the ambient environment or a monitored characteristic of the human body being treated.

[0141] Sensors that monitor a characteristic of the ambient environment may be useful in determining how to operate the controller 700. For example, the sensor suite 726 may include a motion sensor whose output is indicative of motion of the controller 700 or pressure-mitigation device. Examples of motion sensors include multi-axis accelerometers and gyroscopes. As another example, the sensor suite 826 may include a proximity sensor whose output is indicative of proximity of an object located in a field of view. Based on the output, the controller 700 may be able to infer location of the object with respect to the pressure-mitigation device or the controller 700 itself. A proximity sensor may include, for example, (i) an emitter that is able to emit infrared (IR) light away from the controller 700 within the field of view and (ii) a detector that is able to detect IR light reflected by the object toward the proximity sensor (and therefore, the controller 700). These types of proximity sensors are sometimes called laser imaging, detection, and ranging (LiDAR) scanners. Other examples of sensors include an ambient light sensor whose output is indicative of the amount of light in the ambient environment, a temperature sensor whose output is indicative of the temperature of the ambient environment, and a humidity sensor whose output is indicative of the humidity of the ambient environment. The outputs produced by the sensor suite 726 may provide greater insight into the environment in which the controller 700 is deployed (and therefore, theenvironment in which the human body situated on the pressure-mitigation device is to be treated).

[0142] Similarly, sensors that monitor a characteristic of the human body being treated may be useful in determining how to operate the controller 700. Generally, sensors that monitor characteristics of human bodies are more specialized and are designed to generate, obtain, or otherwise produce information related to the health of the human body. For example, the sensor suite 726 may include a vascular scanner. The term “vascular scanner” may be used to refer to an imaging instrument that includes (i) an emitter operable to emit electromagnetic radiation (e.g., in the near infrared range) into an anatomical region situated proximate thereto and (ii) a detector operable to sense electromagnetic radiation reflected by physiological structures inside the anatomical region. Normally, a digital image is created based on the reflected electromagnetic radiation. The processor 702 could compare the digital image against a reference template for the vasculature in the anatomical region and then determine whether to authorize use of the controller based on an outcome of the comparison. Alternatively, the digital image could serve as a reference template for the vasculature in the anatomical region at a corresponding point in time. The vasculature in the anatomical region could be periodically or continually monitored based on outputs produced by a vascular scanner over time. Additionally or alternatively, the sensor suite 726 may include sensors that are able to determine the oxygen level of the blood, measure blood pressure, compute heartrate, etc. In some embodiments, the controller 700 may include a pulse oximeter that is able to infer oxygen saturation in an anatomical region situated proximate thereto from an analysis of peripheral oxygen saturation readings.

[0143] In some embodiments, the processor 702 may adjust the programmed pattern that specifies how to inflate the chambers of the pressure-mitigation device based on the outputs, if any, produced by the sensor suite 726. Assume, for example, that the controller 700 includes a sensor able to monitor temperature and / or a sensor able to monitor ambient light. The processor 702 may determine, based on an analysis of the signals output by these sensors, whether to adjust the programmed pattern (e.g., based on a determination that it is daytime versus nighttime). As another example, the controller 700may determine whether to adjust the programmed pattern based on the output produced by a sensor able to measure the heart rate or blood pressure of the user.

[0144] Based on the outputs produced by the sensor suite 726, the controller 700 (or some other computing device) may be able to compute some or all of the main vital signs, namely, body temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate, and breathing rate (also referred to as “respiratory rate”). For example, a given sensor may produce, as output, a signal that is representative of values, in temporal order, that are indicative of a monitored characteristic of the ambient environment or human body to be treated, and the processor 702 may compute, in an ongoing manner, values for a given vital sign based on the signal. The values could be stored in the memory 704, provided to the communication module 808 for transmission to a destination (e.g., a storage medium for storage in the electronic health record), or presented on the display 706.

[0145] Moreover, the controller 700 (or some other computing device) may be able to compute metrics that are indicative of the health of the human body, despite not being one of the main vital signs. For example, the outputs generated by the sensor suite 726 could be used to establish whether the human body is performing a given activity (e.g., sleeping or eating). The outputs could be used to not only ascertain the sleep pattern of the human body, but also whether changes in the sleep pattern indicate whether the health state of the human body has improved (e.g., sleep more consistent with longer duration following deployment of the pressure-mitigation device).

[0146] Similarly, the controller 700 (or some other computing device) may be able to detect occurrences of medical events by examining the outputs produced by the sensor suite 826, the pressure data generated by the transducers mounted in the manifold 710, the movement data derived from the pressure data, or any combination thereof. For example, the processor 702 may parse any of these data to identify individual values (e.g., those exceeding an upper threshold or falling below a lower threshold) or patterns of values that are indicative of a medical event. Examples of medical events include seizures and myocardial infarctions (also called “heart attacks”), as well as less serious events such as intermittent pauses in breathing (e.g., due to sleep apnea), shortness of breath, heart palpitations, and excessing sweating. Upon discovering an occurrence of amedical event, the processor 702 may cause a notification to be presented by the controller 700 and / or transmit an indication of the medical event to a destination (e.g., a storage medium for storage in the electronic health record).

[0147] As mentioned above, sensors could be included in the pressure-mitigation device in addition to, or instead of, the controller 700. Accordingly, a pressure-mitigation device may include a plurality of chambers that are formed by interconnections between a first layer and a second layer, a sensor embedded between the first and second layers, and a processor that is responsible for handling data generated by the sensor. The sensor could be configured to output values indicative of a monitored characteristic of the ambient environment or human body being treated. Meanwhile, the processor may forward these values - in their raw form or a processed form - to an interface for transmission to the controller 700. The interface may be part of a communication module that is communicatively connected to the communication module 708 of the controller 700, or the interface may be part of a data cable interconnected between the pressuremitigation device and controller 700. The data cable may be part of the multi-channel tubing for conveying fluid that extends between the pressure-mitigation device and controller 700.

[0148] Note that the sensors included in the sensor suite 726 need not necessarily be included in the controller 700 or pressure-mitigation device. For example, the controller 800 may be communicatively connected to ancillary sensors that are included in nearby items (e.g., blankets and clothing), attached directly to the human body, etc.

[0149] These various components may allow the controller 700 to be readily integrated into a network-connected environment, such as a home or hospital. Thus, the controller 700 may be communicatively coupled to mobile phones, tablet computers, wearable electronic devices (e.g., fitness trackers and watches), or network-connected devices (also referred to as “smart devices”), such as televisions and home assistant devices. Similarly, the controller 800 may be communicatively coupled to medical devices, such as cardiac pacemakers, insulin pumps, glucose monitoring devices, and the like. Accordingly, the controller 700 may receive, at the communication module 708 from a medical device, data related to the health of the user of the pressure-mitigation device.Specifically, the controller 700 may receive a signal that is indicative of measurements of a monitored characteristic of the user. This level of integration can provide several notable benefits over conventional technologies for mitigating pressure.

[0150] As an example, the pressure-mitigation system of which the controller 700 is a part may be used to monitor health of a human body in a more holistic sense. As mentioned above, insights into movements of the human body can be surfaced through analysis of pressure data generated by the controller 700 or pressure-mitigation device. Analysis of these movements over an extended period of time (e.g., days, weeks, or months) may lead to the discovery of abnormalities that might otherwise go unnoticed. For example, the controller 700 (or some other computing device) may infer that the human body is suffering from an ailment in response to a determination that its movements over a recent interval of time differ from those that would be expected based on past intervals of time. At a high level, insights gained through analysis of the pressure data can be used not only to define a “health baseline” for the human body, but also to discover when deviations from the health baseline occur.

[0151] As another example, the controller 700 may be responsible for providing or supplementing prompts to administer medication in accordance with a regimen. Assume, for example, that a user positioned on a pressure-mitigation device is associated with a regimen that requires a medication be administered regularly in accordance with a dosing schedule. The controller 700 may promote adherence to the regimen by prompting the user or another person (e.g., an operator of the controller 700) to administer the medication. Specifically, the processor 702 may determine whether a dose of medication is due to be administered, for example, by comparing a clock signal generated by a clock module against the dosing schedule. The processor 702 can cause a notification to be generated by an indicating component in response to a determination that a dose of medication is due to be administered. For example, visual notifications could be presented by the display 706, or audible notifications could be presented by the audio output mechanism 722. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 700 could cause digital notifications (also referred to as “electronic notifications”) to be presented by a computing device that is communicatively coupled to the controller 700. In some embodiments, thedosing schedule is stored in the memory 704 of the controller 700. In other embodiments, the dosing schedule is stored in the memory of a computing device that is communicatively coupled to the controller 700. For example, the dosing schedule may be maintained by a computer program that is executing on a mobile device associated with the user, and when the computer program determines that a dose of the medication is due to be administered, the computer program may transmit an instruction to the controller 700 to generate a notification. As another example, the communication module 708 may obtain the dosing schedule from the computer program, and the dosing schedule can be stored in the memory 704. Rather than obtain the dosing schedule from a mobile device associated with the user, the controller 700 may alternatively obtain the dosing schedule from another computing device (e.g., a storage medium managed by, or associated with, a healthcare provider responsible for prescribing the medication).

[0152] As another example, the controller 700 may be able to facilitate communication with healthcare professionals. Assume, for example, that the controller 700 is deployed in a home environment that healthcare professionals visit infrequently or not at all. In such a scenario, the controller 700 may allow the user to communicate with healthcare professionals who are located outside of the home environment. Thus, the user may be able to communicate, via the audio output and input mechanisms 722, 724, with healthcare professionals who are located in a hospital environment (e.g., at which the user received treatment) or their own home environments.

[0153] As another example, the controller 700 may be able to facilitate communication with emergency services. For instance, if the controller 700 determines (e.g., through analysis of pressure data) that a serious medical event has occurred or no movement has occurred for a predetermined amount of time, the controller 700 may prompt the user to respond and, based on the response or lack thereof, determine whether to notify emergency services. Similarly, if the controller 700 receives input from the user indicative of a request for assistance, the controller 700 may initiate communication with emergency services. Thus, the controller 700 may be programmed to perform some action if, for example, it determines (e.g., through analysis of the signal generated by the audio input mechanism 824) that the user has indicated she has fallen or has experienced a medicalevent.

[0154] These benefits allow pressure-mitigation systems to be deployed in situations where frequent visits by healthcare professionals may not be practical or possible. For example, when deployed in a hospital environment, a pressure-mitigation system may allow healthcare professionals to visit patients less frequently. Patients situated on pressure-mitigation devices may not need to be turned to alleviate pressure as often, and healthcare professionals may not need to continually check on patients if pressuremitigation systems are able to autonomously discover changes in health. As another example, when deployed in a home environment, a pressure-mitigation system may be able to counter a lack of visits from healthcare professionals. If a patient is instructed to situate herself on a pressure-mitigation device while at home, the patient may only need to be visited every few days (e.g., every 3, 5, or 7 days) rather than once per day or multiple times per day. Overall, implementing pressure-mitigation systems can lead to significant cost savings because healthcare professionals are required to make less frequent visits to offsite locations and perform fewer medical procedures at onsite locations, and because patients can be discharged more quickly.

[0155] The controller 700 may also be designed to focus on wellness in addition to, or instead of, treatment for (and prevention of) pressure-induced injuries. As an example, embodiments of the controller 700 may be designed to aid in sleep management, for healthy individuals and / or unhealthy individuals. Using the audio output mechanism 722 in combination with the manifold 710, the controller 700 may be able to accomplish tasks such as simulating the presence of another person, for example, by producing vocal sounds, breathing sounds, applying pressure, and the like. Calming sounds - like those made by rain, waves, and birds - could also be emitted through the audio output mechanism 722 in an effort to soothe the user of the pressure-mitigation device.

[0156] Figure 8 is an isometric view of a manifold 800 for controlling the flow of fluid (e.g., air) to the chambers of a pressure-mitigation device in accordance with embodiments of the present technology. As discussed above, a controller can be configured to inflate and / or deflate the chambers of a pressure-mitigation device to create a pressure gradient that moves the main point of pressure applied by an object acrossthe surface of a human body situated on the pressure-mitigation device. To accomplish this, the manifold 800 can guide fluid to the chambers through a series of valves 802. In some embodiments, each valve 802 corresponds to a separate chamber of the pressuremitigation device. In some embodiments, at least one valve 802 corresponds to multiple chambers of the pressure-mitigation device. In some embodiments, at least one valve 802 is not used during operation. For example, if the pressure-mitigation device includes four chambers, multi-channel tubing may be connected between the pressure-mitigation device and four valves 802 of the manifold 800. In such embodiments, the other valves may remain sealed during operation.

[0157] Generally, the valves 802 are piezoelectric valves designed to switch from one state (e.g., an open state) to another state (e.g., a closed state) in response to an application of voltage. Each piezoelectric valve includes at least one piezoelectric element that acts as an electromechanical transducer. When a voltage is applied to the piezoelectric element, the piezoelectric element is deformed, thereby resulting in mechanical motion (e.g., the opening or closing of a valve). Examples of piezoelectric elements include disc transducers, bender actuators, and piezoelectric stacks.

[0158] Piezoelectric valves provide several benefits over other valves, such as linear valves and solenoid-based valves. First, piezoelectric valves do not require holding current to maintain a state. As such, piezoelectric valves generate almost no heat. Second, piezoelectric valves create almost no noise when switching between states, which can be particularly useful in medical settings. Third, piezoelectric valves can be opened and closed in a controlled manner that allows the manifold 800 to precisely approach a desired flow rate without overshoot or undershoot. In contrast, the other valves described above must be in either an open state, in which the valve is completely open, or a closed state, in which the valve is completely closed. Fourth, piezoelectric valves require very little power to operate, so a power component (e.g., power component 712 of Figure 7) may only need to provide 3-6 watts to the manifold 800 at any given time. While embodiments of the manifold 800 may be described in the context of piezoelectric valves, other types of valves, such as linear valves or solenoid-based valves, could be used instead of, or in addition to, piezoelectric valves.

[0159] In some embodiments, the manifold 800 includes one or more transducers 806 and a circuit board 804 that includes one or more chips for managing communication with the valves 802 and the transducer(s) 806. Because these local chip(s) reside within the manifold 800 itself, the valves 802 can be digitally controlled in a precise manner. The local chip(s) may be connected to other components of the controller. For example, the local chip(s) may be connected to other components housed within the controller, such as processors (e.g., processor 702 of Figure 7) and clock modules. The transducer(s) 806, meanwhile, can generate an electrical signal based on the pressure of each chamber of the pressure-mitigation device. Generally, each chamber is associated with a different valve 802 and a different transducer 806. Here, for example, the manifold includes six valves i02 capable of interfacing with the pressure-mitigation device, and each of these valves may be associated with a corresponding transducer 806. Pressure data representative of the values of the electrical signals generated by the transducer(s) 806 can be provided to other components of the controller for further analysis.

[0160] The manifold 800 may also include one or more compressors. In some embodiments each valve 802 of the manifold 800 is fluidically coupled to the same compressor, while in other embodiments each valve 802 of the manifold 800 is fluidically coupled to a different compressor. Each compressor can increase the pressure of fluid by reducing its volume before guiding the fluid to the pressure-mitigation device.

[0161] Fluid produced by a pump may initially be received by the manifold 900 through one or more ingress fluid interfaces 808 (or simply “ingress interfaces”). As noted above, in some embodiments, a compressor may then increase pressure of the fluid by reducing its volume. Thereafter, the manifold 800 can controllably guide the fluid into the chambers of a pressure-mitigation device through the valves 802. The flow of fluid into each chamber can be controlled by local chip(s) disposed on the circuit board 904. For example, the local chip(s) can dynamically vary the flow of fluid into each chamber in real time by controllably applying voltages to open / close the valves 802.

[0162] In some embodiments, the manifold includes one or more egress fluid interfaces 810 (or simply “egress interfaces”). The egress fluid interface(s) 810 may be designed for high pressure and high flow to permit rapid deflation of the pressure-mitigation device. For example, upon determining that an operator has provided input indicative of a request to deflate the pressure-mitigation device (or a portion thereof), the manifold 800 may allow fluid to travel back though the valve(s) 802 from the pressuremitigation device and then out through the egress fluid interface(s) 810. Thus, the egress fluid interface(s) 810 may also be referred to as “exhausts” or “outlets.” To provide the input, the operator may interact with a mechanical input component (e.g., mechanical input component 606 of Figure 6A) or a digital input component (e.g., visible on display 610 of Figure 6A).

[0163] Figure 9 is a generalized electrical diagram illustrating how the piezoelectric valves 902 of a manifold can separately control the flow of fluid along multiple channels in accordance with embodiments of the present technology. In Figure 9, the manifold includes seven piezoelectric valves 902. Other embodiments of the manifold may include fewer than seven valves or more than seven valves. Fluid, such as air, can be guided by the manifold through the piezoelectric valves 902 to the chambers of a pressuremitigation device. In Figure 9, the manifold is flu idically connected to a pressure-mitigation device that has five chambers. However, in other embodiments, the manifold may be flu idically connected to a pressure-mitigation device that has fewer than five chambers or more than five chambers.

[0164] All of the piezoelectric valves 902 included in the manifold need not necessarily be identical to one another. Piezoelectric valves may be designed for high pressure and low flow, high pressure and high flow, low pressure and low flow, or low pressure and high flow. In some embodiments all of the piezoelectric valves included in the manifold are the same type, while in other embodiments the manifold includes multiple types of piezoelectric valves. For example, piezoelectric valves corresponding to side supports of the pressure-mitigation device may be designed for high pressure and high flow (e.g., to allow for a quick discharge of fluid stored therein), while piezoelectric valves corresponding to chambers of the pressure-mitigation device may be designed for high pressure and low flow. Moreover, some piezoelectric valves may support bidirectional fluid flow, while other piezoelectric valves may support unidirectional fluid flow. Generally, if the manifold includes unidirectional piezoelectric valves, each chamber in the pressure-mitigation device is associated with a pair of unidirectional piezoelectric valves to allow fluid flow in either direction. Here, for example, Chambers 1-3 are associated with a single bidirectional piezoelectric valve, Chamber 4 is associated with two bidirectional piezoelectric valves, and Chamber 5 is associated with two unidirectional piezoelectric valves.

[0165] The chambers of a pressure-mitigation device may be inflated / deflated for a predetermined duration of 15-180 seconds (e.g., 30 seconds, 60 seconds, 90 seconds, 120 seconds, 150 seconds, or any duration therebetween) in accordance with a predetermined pattern. Thus, the status of each chamber may be varied at least every 60 seconds, 90 seconds, 120 seconds, 240 seconds, etc. Generally, the predetermined pattern causes the chambers to be inflated / deflated in a non-identical manner. For example, if the pressure-mitigation device includes four chambers, the first and second chambers may be inflated for 30 seconds, the second and third chambers may be inflated for 45 seconds, the third and fourth chambers may be inflated for 30 seconds, and then the first and fourth chambers may be inflated for 45 seconds. These chambers may be inflated / deflated to a predetermined pressure level from 0-100 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) (e.g., 15 mmHg, 20 mmHg, 30 mmHg, 45 mmHg, 50 mmHg, or any pressure level therebetween). In some embodiments, the inflation pattern administered by the controller inflates / deflates two or more chambers at one time. In these embodiments, the chambers can be inflated / deflated to the same or different pressure levels, and the duration that the chambers are maintained at the pressure levels may be the same or different. For example, in the scenario above where the first and second chambers are inflated, the first chamber may be inflated to a pressure of 15 mm Hg while the second chamber may be inflated to a pressure of 30 mm Hg. In other embodiments, the controller can apply different i nf lation / def lation patterns to the individual chambers.Methodologies for Relieving Pressure on a Human Body

[0166] Figure 10 is a flow diagram of a process 1000 for identifying a programmed pattern corresponding to the pressure-mitigation device in order to inflate the inflatable chambers of a pressure-mitigation device that is positioned between a human body and a surface by varying the pressure in accordance with embodiments of the presenttechnology. By varying the pressure in the chambers, a controller can move the main point of pressure applied by the surface across the human body and adjust the position of the human body. For example, the main point of pressure applied by the support surface to the human body may be moved amongst multiple predetermined locations by sequentially varying the pressure in different predetermined subsets of chambers. In other words, if the human body is to be tilted or turned, then the pressures within the side supports 104 and the first 110 and second 112 portions will be varied in order to accomplish the movement. Note that the human body could be in nearly any position with minimal changes to the process 1000. Thus, the pressure-mitigation device may be arranged so that pressure is varied on an anatomical region located along the posterior side of the human body.

[0167] Initially, a controller will need to establish that a pressure-mitigation device has been connected to the controller. The controller may detect which type of pressuremitigation device has been connected by monitoring the connection between a fluid interface (e.g., the fluid interface 608 of Figure 6B) and the pressure-mitigation device. Each type of pressure-mitigation device may include a different type of connector. For example, a pressure-mitigation device designed for deployment on elongated objects (e.g., pressure-mitigation apparatus 100 of Figures 1 A-B) may include a first arrangement of magnets in its connector, and a pressure-mitigation apparatus designed for deployment on non-elongated objects (e.g., the pressure-mitigation apparatus of Figures 2A-B) may include a second arrangement of magnets in its connector. The controller may determine which type of pressure-mitigation apparatus has been connected based on which magnets have been detected within a specified proximity. As another example, the pressure-mitigation device designed for deployment on elongated objects may include a beacon capable of emitting a first electronic signature, while the pressure-mitigation device designed for deployment on non-elongated objects may include a beacon capable of emitting a second electronic signature. Examples of beacons include Bluetooth beacons, USB beacons, and infrared beacons. A beacon may be configured to communicate with the controller via a wired communication channel or a wireless communication channel.

[0168] The controller can then identify a pattern that is associated with the pressuremitigation device (step 1001 ). For example, the controller may examine a library of patterns corresponding to different pressure-mitigation devices to identify the appropriate pattern. The library of patterns may be stored in a local memory (e.g., the memory 704 of Figure 7) or a remote memory that is accessible to the controller across a network. The controller may modify an existing pattern based on the pressure-mitigation device, the user, the ailment affecting the user, etc. For example, the controller may alter an existing pattern responsive to determining that the pattern includes instructions for additional inflatable chambers not presently included within the pressure-mitigation device. As another example, the controller may alter an existing pattern responsive to determining that the weight of the user exceeds a predetermined threshold. As a further example, the controller may alter an existing pattern responsive to moving the position of the human body by turning (e.g., right or left side of the human body).

[0169] In some embodiments, the pattern is associated with a characteristic of the user in addition to, or instead of, the pressure-mitigation device. For example, the controller may examine a library of patterns corresponding to different ailments or different anatomical regions to identify the appropriate pattern. Thus, the library may include patterns associated with anatomical regions along the posterior side of the human body, patterns associated with different ailments (e.g., ulcers, strokes, etc.), or patterns associated with different needs of patient care (e.g., x-rays, bathing, moving from one bed to another, etc.).

[0170] The controller can then cause the inflatable chambers of the pressuremitigation apparatus to be inflated in accordance with the pattern (steps 1002 and 1003). As discussed above, the controller can cause the pressure on one or more anatomical regions of the human body to be varied by controllably inflating one or more chambers, deflating one or more chambers, or any combination thereof (step 1004). For example, if the operator user inputs a desire to turn the human body on her side (step 1005), then the controller can cause the inflatable chambers of one of the side supports 104 to remain or become inflated while initiating a deflating procedure on the second of the side supports 104 so that the inflatable chambers of the second side support will deflate (step 1006).

[0171] Other steps may be performed in some embodiments. As an example, the controller may be configured to regulate inflation of the chambers based on a total duration of use of the pressure-mitigation device. For instance, the controller may modulate (e.g., increase or decrease) the flow of air or fluid into the inflatable chambers — thus modifying the pressure of those chambers as well — in a continual, periodic, or ad hoc manner to account for extended applications of pressure being applied to the human body. In some embodiments, as discussed above, the controller may determine the total duration of use based on a clock signal generated by a clock module housed in the controller. In further embodiments, the controller determines the total duration of use based on signal(s) generated by some other computing device. For instance, the controller may be able to infer how long the pressure-mitigation device has been in operation based on the presence of a signal generated by a computing device associated with the patient, such as a mobile phone or wearable electronic device. In other words, the controller may infer the presence of the human body based on whether her computing device is located within a given proximity. For example, the controller may infer that the pressure-mitigation device has been in use so long as the computing device (1 ) is presently detectable (e.g., via a point-to-point wireless channel, such as Bluetooth or WiFi P2P) and (2) has been detectable for at least a certain amount of time (e.g., more than three minutes, five minutes, etc.).

[0172] In Figure 1 1 , the controller can then identify a pattern that is associated with the pressure-mitigation device (step 1101 ). For example, similar to Figure 10, the controller may examine a library (stored in a local memory like memory 704 of Figure 7 or a remote memory) of patterns corresponding to different pressure-mitigation devices to identify the appropriate pattern and may modify an existing pattern based on the pressure-mitigation device, the user, the ailment affecting the user, etc. For example, the controller may alter an existing pattern responsive to determining that the pattern includes instructions for additional inflatable chambers not presently included within the pressuremitigation device. As another example, the controller may alter an existing pattern responsive to determining that the weight of the user exceeds a predetermined threshold. As a further example, the controller may alter an existing pattern responsive to moving the position of the human body by tilting (e.g., forward or backward).

[0173] The controller can then cause the inflatable chambers of the pressuremitigation apparatus to be inflated in accordance with the pattern (steps 1102 and 1103). As discussed above, the controller can cause the pressure on one or more anatomical regions of the human body to be varied by controllably inflating one or more chambers, deflating one or more chambers, or any combination thereof (step 1 104). For example, if the operator user inputs a desire to tilt the upper portion of the human body (step 1105), then the controller can cause the inflatable chambers of the first portion 110 to remain or become inflated while initiating a deflating procedure on the second portion 112 so that the inflatable chambers of the second portion 112 will deflate (step 1106).

[0174] Other steps may be performed in some embodiments of Figure 1 1. As an example, the controller may be configured to regulate inflation of the chambers based on a total duration of use of the pressure-mitigation device. For instance, the controller may modulate (e.g., increase or decrease) the flow of air or fluid into the inflatable chambers— thus modifying the pressure of those chambers as well — in a continual, periodic, or ad hoc manner to account for extended applications of pressure being applied to the human body. In some embodiments, as discussed above, the controller may determine the total duration of use based on a clock signal generated by a clock module housed in the controller. In further embodiments, the controller determines the total duration of use based on signal(s) generated by some other computing device. For instance, the controller may be able to infer how long the pressure-mitigation device has been in operation based on the presence of a signal generated by a computing device associated with the patient, such as a mobile phone or wearable electronic device. In other words, the controller may infer the presence of the human body based on whether her computing device is located within a given proximity. For example, the controller may infer that the pressure-mitigation device has been in use so long as the computing device (1 ) is presently detectable (e.g., via a point-to-point wireless channel, such as Bluetooth or WiFi P2P) and (2) has been detectable for at least a certain amount of time (e.g., more than three minutes, five minutes, etc.).

[0175] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the approaches to mitigating the pressure described herein may be useful in various contexts. Several examples areprovided below; however, these examples should not be construed as limiting in any sense. Instead, these examples are provided to illustrate the usefulness of mitigating pressure in a few different scenarios.

[0176] Figure 12 is a flow diagram of a process 1200 for utilizing the side supports of a pressure-mitigation device to center a human body positioned thereon. Initially, a controller receives input indicative of an indication that the human body is situated on the pressure-mitigation device (step 1201 ). For example, the controller may determine that the human body is situated on the pressure-mitigation device based on an output produced by a pressure sensor embedded in, or connected to, the pressure-mitigation device. As another example, the controller may determine that the human body is situated on the pressure-mitigation device responsive to a determination that a person interacted with a tactile, visual, or audible element of the controller.

[0177] The controller can then inflate a first side support of a pair of side supports (e.g., side supports 104 of Figures 1 A-B) that extend along opposing longitudinal sides of the pressure-mitigation device (step 1202). Thereafter, the controller can inflate a second side support of the pair of side supports (step 1203). In some embodiments, steps 1202 and 1203 are performed a single time so that the human body is laterally centered on the pressure-mitigation device by sequentially inflating the pair of side supports to form a channel. In other embodiments, steps 1202 and 1203 are performed at least twice so that the human body is laterally centered on the pressure-mitigation device by alternately inflating the pair of side supports.

[0178] Then, the controller can determine that the human body is properly oriented on the pressure-mitigation device (step 1204). Like step 1201 , the controller may determine that the human body has been properly oriented on the pressure-mitigation device based on an output produced by a pressure sensor embedded in, or connected to, the pressuremitigation device, or the controller may determine that the human body is situated on the pressure-mitigation device responsive to a determination that a person interacted with a tactile, visual, or audible element of the controller.

[0179] In response to determining that the human body is properly oriented on the pressure-mitigation device, the controller can cause the chambers of the pressure-mitigation device to be inflated and / or deflated in accordance with a pattern (step 1105), as discussed above with reference to Figure 10. In some embodiments, the pair of side supports are used to alleviate pressure applied to the human body by the underlying surface by being inflated in accordance with the pattern. In other embodiments, the pair of side supports are only used for orientation purposes. Accordingly, after the human body has been properly oriented on the pressure-mitigation device, the pair of side supports may remain in an inflated state or a deflated state. Whether the pair of side supports are used to relieve pressure may depend on the weight of the human body, among other things. For example, the pair of side supports may only be used to orient the human body if the user is a lightweight patient (e.g., less than 250 pounds), and the pair of side supports may be used to relieve pressure on the human body if the user is a heavyweight patient (e.g., more than 250 pounds).

[0180] Figure 13 includes a flow diagram of a process 1300 for transmitting data related to the flow of fluid from a controller into a pressure-mitigation device to a destination external to the controller. Initially, the controller may receive input indicative of a request to inflate the chambers of the pressure-mitigation device in accordance with a programmed pattern to treat a human body (step 1301 ). The input may be representative of a discovery of a machine-readable code that is associated with the human body in a digital image that is obtained by the controller, or the input may be representative of a discovery of human-readable characters that convey information regarding the human body in a digital image that is obtained by the controller. As mentioned above, these digital images could be generated by an image sensor included in the controller, or these digital images could be obtained, by a communication module, from a source external to the controller. Alternatively, the input may be representative of a discovery of an electronic signature that conveys information regarding the human body. In some embodiments, the input is simply representative of an interaction with the controller, indicating that treatment is to begin,

[0181] The controller can then cause fluid to flow into each of the chambers of the pressure-mitigation device in accordance with the programmed pattern (step 1302). Step 1302 of Figure 13 may be similar to step 1003 of Figure 10. By controllably inflating thechambers, the controller can shift the force that is applied to the human body by an underlying surface over time.

[0182] Moreover, the controller can transmit data regarding the flow of fluid to a destination that is external to the controller (step 1303). For example, the controller may transmit the data to a computing device via a wireless communication channel, for analysis by a computer program executing on the computing device. This data may be representative of pressure data or analyses of pressure data. Meanwhile, the computing device may be associated with the user, a healthcare professional, a caregiver, or some other entity. Assume, for example, that treatment of the user is overseen by healthcare professionals associated with a healthcare provider, such as a hospital, clinic, surgery facility, recovery center, or nursing home. In such a scenario, the controller may provide the data to a computer program associated with the healthcare provider, for further analysis. In some embodiments, data is periodically transmitted to the destination by the controller, such that each “batch” of data provides information regarding the flow of fluid over an interval of time. In other embodiments, data is continually transmitted to the destination by the controller, such that data is communicated to the computer program in near real time as it is generated by the controller.Overview of Pressure-Mitigation Systems

[0183] Figure 14 is a partially schematic side view of a pressure-mitigation system 1400 (or simply “system”) for orienting a user 1402 over a pressure-mitigation device 1406, positioned on a surface 1416, in accordance with embodiments of the present technology. Here, the system 1400 includes a pressure-mitigation device 1406 that include side supports 1408, an attachment device 1404, a pressure device 1414, and a controller 1412. Other embodiments of the system 1400 may include a subset of these components. For example, the system 1400 may include a pressure-mitigation device 1406, a pressure device 1414, and a controller 1412. The pressure-mitigation device1406 is discussed in further detail with respect to Figures 1 A-3, and the controller 1412 is discussed in further detail with respect to Figures 6A-8.

[0184] In this embodiment, the pressure-mitigation device 1406 includes a pair of elevated side supports 1408 that extend longitudinally along opposing sides of the pressure-mitigation device 1406. Figure 15 illustrates an example of a pressuremitigation device that includes a pair of elevated side supports that has been deployed on the surface of an object (here, a hospital bed). However, some embodiments of the pressure-mitigation device 1406 do not include any elevated side supports. For example, side supports may not be necessary if the object on which the user 1402 inhibits horizontal movement, or if the user 1402 will be completely immobilized (e.g., using anesthesia).

[0185] The elevated side supports 1408 can be configured to actively orient the anatomical region of the user 1402 over the series of chambers. For example, the elevated side supports 1408 may be responsible for actively orienting the anatomical region lengthwise and widthwise over the epicenter of the geometric pattern. As shown in Figures 14A and 14D, the anatomical region may extend from the thoracic spine region to the coccyx region. However, the anatomical region could be any region of the human body that is susceptible to pressure. The elevated side supports 1408 may be configured to be ergonomically comfortable. For example, the elevated side supports 1408 may include a recess designed to accommodate the forearm, permitting pressure to be offloaded from the elbow. Further, the elevated side supports 1408 may be configured to assist caretakers with tilting, turning, lifting, and / or transferring the user 1402. For example, if the user 1402 requires turning, the elevated side support 1408 may inflate on one side of the pressure-mitigation device and lift the user 1402 on one side, permitting the caregiver to conveniently pull the user 1402 toward the opposite side and turn the user 1402 (e.g., user 1402 of Figure 14D) toward the deflated side.

[0186] In some embodiments, the elevated side supports 1408 may be significantly larger in size than the chambers of the pressure-mitigation device 1406. Accordingly, the elevated side supports 1408 may create a barrier that restricts lateral movement of the user 1402. In some embodiments, the elevated side supports are approximately 2 to 3 inches taller in height as compared to the average height of an inflated chamber. Becausethe elevated side supports 1406 straddle the user 1402, the elevated side supports 1408 can act as barriers for maintaining the position of the user 1402 on top of the pressuremitigation device 1406. As discussed above, the elevated side supports 1408 may be omitted in some embodiments. For example, the elevated side supports 1408 may be omitted if the user 1402 suffers from impaired mobility due to physical injury, structural components that limit movement, anesthesia, or some other condition that limits natural movement.

[0187] In some embodiments, the inner side walls of the elevated side supports 1408 form, following inflation, a firm surface at a steep angle of orientation with respect to the pressure-mitigation device 1406. For example, the inner side walls may be on a plane of approximately 1 15 degrees, plus or minus 24 degrees, from the plane of the pressuremitigation device 1406. These steep inner side walls can form a channel that naturally positions the user 1402 over the chambers of the pressure-mitigation device 1406. Thus, inflation of the elevated side supports 1408 may actively force the user 1402 into the appropriate position for mitigating pressure by orienting the body in the correct location with respect to the chambers of the pressure-mitigation device 1406.

[0188] After inflating and elevating one side support 1408, the second side support will become deflated and the elevated side support 1408 will act as a lifting mechanism to assist the caregiver attempting to turn the user on her side (e.g., user 1402 of Figure 14D). Oftentimes, the caretaker will be present during the initial inflation cycle to ensure that the elevated side supports 1408 properly position the user 1402 over the pressuremitigation device 1406, though that need not necessarily be the case (e.g., if the pressuremitigation device 1406 is deployed in a home environment).

[0189] In the alternative, Figures 14B-14C illustrate embodiments where the pressuremitigation device 1406 utilizes a first portion 1418 and a second portion 1420 to tilt the user 1402 forward or backward. Similar to the elevated side supports 1408 of Figures 14A and 14D, the first 1418 and second 1420 portions can be configured to actively orient the anatomical region of the user 1402 over the series of chambers. For example, the first 1418 and second 1420 portions may be responsible for actively orienting the anatomical region lengthwise over the epicenter of the geometric pattern. As shown in Figures 14B-14C, the anatomical region may extend from the thoracic spine region to the coccyx region. However, the anatomical region could be any region of the human body that is susceptible to pressure. The first 1418 and second 1420 portions may be configured to be ergonomically comfortable. For example, the elevated first 1418 and second 1420 portions may include a recess designed to accommodate the head or ankles of the user, thus permitting pressure to be offloaded from such areas of the human body. Further, the first 1418 and second 1420 portions may be configured to assist caretakers with tilting, lifting, and / or transferring the user 1402. For example, if an immobile user 1402 requires a leg x-ray, the second portion 1420 may inflate and elevate the lower portion of the user’s 1402 body, permitting the caregiver to conveniently place the x-ray plate under the user’s 1402 leg. As a secondary example, if the user 1402 requires a back x-ray, then the elevated first portion 1418 may inflate and elevate the upper portion of the user’s 1402 body, permitting the caregiver to conveniently place the x-ray plate under the user’s back.

[0190] In some embodiments, the controller 1412 can be configured to regulate the pressure of each chamber in the pressure-mitigation device 1406 (and the elevated side supports 1408, if included) via one or more flows of air generated by a pressure device 1414. One example of a pressure device is an air pump. The flow(s) of air can be guided from the controller 1412 to the pressure-mitigation device 1406 via tubing 1410. For example, the chambers may be controlled in a specific pattern to preserve blood flow and reduce pressure applied to the user 1402 when inflated (i.e., pressurized) and deflated (i.e., depressurized) in a coordinated fashion by the controller 1412. As shown in Figures 14A-C, the tubing 1410 may be connected between the pressure-mitigation device 1406 and the controller 1412. Accordingly, the pressure-mitigation device 1406 may be fluidically coupled to a first end of tubing (e.g., single-channel tubing or multi-channel tubing) while the controller 1412 may be fluidically coupled to a second end of the tubing. While the pressure device 1412 is normally housed within the controller 1412, these components could be connected via tubing. Thus, the pressure device 1414 could be fluidically coupled to a first end of tubing (e.g., single-channel tubing or multi-channel tubing) while the controller 1406 may be fluidically coupled to a second end of the tubing. As mentioned above, the multi-channel tubing 2010 may not be needed in some embodiments. For example, the controller 1412 could be directly attached to thepressure-mitigation device 1406, thereby eliminating the need for tubing between the controller 1412 and pressure-mitigation device 1406.Processing System

[0191] Figure 16 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a processing system 1600 in which at least some operations described herein can be implemented. For example, components of the processing system 1600 may be hosted on a controller (e.g., controller 1412 of Figure 14) responsible for controlling the flow of fluid to a pressuremitigation device (e.g., pressure-mitigation apparatus 1406 of Figure 14). As another example, components of the processing system 1600 may be hosted on a computing device that is communicatively coupled to the controller.

[0192] The processing system 1600 may include a processor 1602, main memory 1606, non-volatile memory 1610, network adapter 1612 (e.g., a network interface), video display 1618, input / output device 1620, control device 1622 (e.g., a keyboard, pointing device, or mechanical input such as a button), drive unit 1624 that includes a storage medium 1626, or signal generation device 1630 that are communicatively connected to a bus 1616. The bus 1616 is illustrated as an abstraction that represents one or more physical buses and / or point-to-point connections that are connected by appropriate bridges, adapters, or controllers. The bus 1616, therefore, can include a system bus, Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, PCI-Express bus, HyperTransport bus, Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) bus, Universal Serial Bus (USB), Inter- Integrated Circuit (l2C) bus, or bus compliant with Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standard 1394.

[0193] The processing system 1600 may share a similar computer processor architecture as that of a computer server, router, desktop computer, tablet computer, mobile phone, video game console, wearable electronic device (e.g., a watch or fitness tracker), network-connected (“smart”) device (e.g., a television or home assistant device), augmented or virtual reality system (e.g., a head-mounted display), or another computing device capable of executing a set of instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify action(s) to be taken by the processing system 1600.

[0194] While the main memory 1606, non-volatile memory 1610, and storage medium 1524 are shown to be a single medium, the terms “storage medium” and “machine- readable medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media that stores one or more sets of instructions 1626. The terms “storage medium” and “machine- readable medium” should also be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying a set of instructions for execution by the processing system 1600.

[0195] In general, the routines executed to implement the embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented as part of an operating system or a specific application, component, program, object, module, or sequence of instructions (collectively referred to as “computer programs”). The computer programs typically comprise one or more instructions (e.g., instructions 1604, 1608, 1628) set at various times in various memories and storage devices in a computing device. When read and executed by the processor 1602, the instructions cause the processing system 1600 to perform operations to execute various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0196] While embodiments have been described in the context of fully functioning computing devices, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various embodiments are capable of being distributed as a program product in a variety of forms. The present disclosure applies regardless of the particular type of machine- or computer-readable medium used to actually cause the distribution. Further examples of machine- and computer-readable media include recordable-type media such as volatile and non-volatile memory devices 1610, removable disks, hard disk drives, optical disks (e.g., Compact Disk Read-Only Memory (CD-ROMS) and Digital Versatile Disks (DVDs)), cloud-based storage, and transmission-type media such as digital and analog communication links.

[0197] The network adapter 1612 enables the processing system 1600 to mediate data in a network 1614 with an entity that is external to the processing system 1600 through any communication protocol supported by the processing system 1600 and the external entity. The network adapter 1612 can include a network adaptor card, a wireless network interface card, a switch, a protocol converter, a gateway, a bridge, a hub, a receiver, a repeater, or a transceiver that includes a chip (e.g., enabling communication over Bluetooth or Wi-Fi).

[0198] The techniques introduced here can be implemented using software, firmware, hardware, or a combination of such forms. For example, aspects of the present disclosure may be implemented using special-purpose hardwired (i.e., non-programmable) circuitry in the form of ASICs, programmable logic devices (PLDs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and the like.Remarks

[0199] The foregoing description of various embodiments of the claimed subject matter has been provided for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the claimed subject matter to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to one skilled in the art. Embodiments were chosen and described in order to best describe the principles of the invention and its practical applications, thereby enabling those skilled in the relevant art to understand the claimed subject matter, the various embodiments, and the various modifications that are suited to the particular uses contemplated.

[0200] Although the Detailed Description describes certain embodiments and the best mode contemplated, the technology can be practiced in many ways no matter how detailed the Detailed Description appears. Embodiments may vary considerably in their implementation details, while still being encompassed by the specification. Particular terminology used when describing certain features or aspects of various embodiments should not be taken to imply that the terminology is being redefined herein to be restricted to any specific characteristics, features, or aspects of the technology with which that terminology is associated. In general, the terms used in the following claims should not be construed to limit the technology to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification, unless those terms are explicitly defined herein. Accordingly, the actual scope of the technology encompasses not only the disclosed embodiments, but also all equivalent ways of practicing or implementing the embodiments.

[0201] The language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes. It may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the subject matter. It is therefore intended that the scope of the technology be limited not by this Detailed Description, but rather by any claims that issue on anapplication based hereon. Accordingly, the disclosure of various embodiments is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the technology as set forth in the following claims.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:1 . A system for alleviating pressure exerted on a human body by an underlying surface, the system comprising: a pressure-mitigation apparatus that is positioned between the human body and the underlying surface, wherein the pressure-mitigation apparatus includes: a plurality of inflatable chambers that are intertwined in a geometric arrangement, a pair of side supports that extend along opposing longitudinal sides of the geometric arrangement, wherein each side support includes at least one inflatable chamber, an upper support that extends along a first latitudinal side of the geometric arrangement, wherein the upper support includes at least one inflatable chamber, and a lower support that extends along a second latitudinal side of the geometric arrangement, wherein the lower support includes at least one inflatable chamber; a controller that includes: a structural body having an egress interface to which the pressuremitigation apparatus is fluidically coupled; a processor; and a memory with instructions stored therein that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: identify a programmed pattern corresponding to the pressuremitigation apparatus, cause at least the plurality of inflatable chambers to be inflated to varying degrees in accordance with the programmed pattern, thereby shifting the pressure applied by the underlying surface to the human body over time, andin response to receiving input that is indicative of a request to initiate a turning operation, cause a first elevated side support of the pair of elevated side supports to be inflated while allowing a second elevated side support of the pair of elevated side supports to either remain deflated or become deflated.

2. The pressure-mitigation system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is responsible for independently managing the flow of fluid into (i) the plurality of inflatable chambers, (ii) the pair of elevated side supports, (iii) the upper support, and (iv) the lower support.

3. The pressure-mitigation system of claim 1 , wherein the input is provided by an operator via manual interaction with the controller.

4. The pressure-mitigation system of claim 1 , wherein the input is provided by the controller based on an analysis of the pressure within the plurality of inflatable chambers.

5. The pressure-mitigation system of claim 1 , wherein the controller determines the first side support based on input from an operator, where the operator indicates a direction that the human body is to be oriented and the first side support is selected from among the pair of side supports based on the direction.

6. The pressure-mitigation system of claim 1 , wherein the instructions further cause the processor to: cause the upper support to be inflated while(i) the pair of elevated side supports either remain deflated or become deflated, and(ii) the lower support either remains deflated or becomes deflated, so as to cause the human body to tilt forward.

7. The pressure-mitigation system of claim 1 , wherein the instructions further cause the processor to: cause the lower support to be inflated while(i) the pair of elevated side supports either remain deflated or become deflated, and(ii) the upper support either remains deflated or becomes deflated, so as to cause the human body to tilt backward.

8. The pressure-mitigation system of claim 1 , wherein the controller dynamically determines the number of inflatable chambers to inflate to varying degrees of pressure.

9. The pressure-mitigation system of claim 8, wherein an analysis of the pressure automatically initiates the turning operation.

10. A method performed by a controller that is fluidically connected to a pressuremitigation apparatus that includes (i) a plurality of inflatable chambers that are intertwined along a central portion and (ii) a pair of side supports that extend longitudinally along the central portion, the method comprising: receiving a first input indicative of a request, from an operator, to inflate the plurality of inflatable chambers of the pressure-mitigation apparatus in accordance with a programmed pattern; causing fluid to flow into the plurality of inflatable chambers in accordance with the programmed pattern, thereby shifting a force that is applied to a human body situated on the pressure-mitigation apparatus by an underlying surface over time; receiving a second input indicative of a request, from the operator, to initiate a turning operation; and causing a first elevated side support of the pair of elevated side supports to be inflated while a second elevated side support of the pair of elevated side supports remains deflated or becomes deflated.1 1. The method of claim 10, wherein the pressure-mitigation apparatus further includes (iii) an upper support that extends along a first latitudinal side of the central portion and includes at least one inflatable chamber and (iv) a lower support that extends along a second latitudinal side of the central portion and includes at least one inflatable chamber, and wherein the method further comprises: causing the upper support to be inflated while(i) the pair of elevated side supports remain deflated or become deflated, and(ii) a lower support remains deflated or becomes deflated.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein the pressure-mitigation apparatus further includes (iii) an upper support that extends along a first latitudinal side of the central portion and includes at least one inflatable chamber and (iv) a lower support that extends along a second latitudinal side of the central portion and includes at least one inflatable chamber, and wherein the method further comprises: causing the lower support to be inflated while(i) the pair of elevated side supports remain deflated or become deflated, and(ii) the upper support remains deflated or becomes deflated.

13. A system for alleviating pressure exerted on a human body by an underlying surface, the system comprising: a pressure-mitigation apparatus that is positioned between the human body and the underlying surface, wherein the pressure-mitigation apparatus includes: a plurality of inflatable chambers that are intertwined in a geometric arrangement, a pair of side supports that extend along opposing longitudinal sides of the geometric arrangement, wherein each side support includes at least one inflatable chamber,an upper support that extends along a first latitudinal side of the geometric arrangement, wherein the upper support includes at least one inflatable chamber, and a lower support that extends along a second latitudinal side of the geometric arrangement, wherein the lower support includes at least one inflatable chamber; a controller that includes: a structural body having an egress interface to which the pressuremitigation apparatus is fluidically coupled; a processor; and a memory with instructions stored therein that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: identify a programmed pattern corresponding to the pressuremitigation apparatus, cause at least the plurality of inflatable chambers to be inflated to varying degrees in accordance with the programmed pattern, thereby shifting the pressure applied by the underlying surface to the human body over time, and in response to receiving input that is indicative of a request to initiate a tilting operation, cause the upper support to be inflated while (i) the pair of elevated side supports either remain deflated or become deflated, and (ii) the lower support either remains deflated or becomes deflated so as to cause the human body to tilt forward.

14. A system for alleviating pressure exerted on a human body by an underlying surface, the system comprising: a pressure-mitigation apparatus that is positioned between the human body and the underlying surface,wherein the pressure-mitigation apparatus includes: a plurality of inflatable chambers that are intertwined in a geometric arrangement, a pair of side supports that extend along opposing longitudinal sides of the geometric arrangement, wherein each side support includes at least one inflatable chamber, an upper support that extends along a first latitudinal side of the geometric arrangement, wherein the upper support includes at least one inflatable chamber, and a lower support that extends along a second latitudinal side of the geometric arrangement, wherein the lower support includes at least one inflatable chamber; a controller that includes: a structural body having an egress interface to which the pressuremitigation apparatus is fluidically coupled; a processor; and a memory with instructions stored therein that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: identify a programmed pattern corresponding to the pressuremitigation apparatus, cause at least the plurality of inflatable chambers to be inflated to varying degrees in accordance with the programmed pattern, thereby shifting the pressure applied by the underlying surface to the human body over time, and in response to receiving input that is indicative of a request to initiate a tilting operation, cause the lower support to be inflated while (i) the pair of elevated side supports either remain deflated or become deflated, and (ii) the upper support either remains deflated or becomes deflated so as to cause the human body to tilt forward.

15. A pressure-mitigation apparatus comprising: a plurality of inflatable chambers that are intertwined in a geometric arrangement, wherein when controllably inflated, the plurality of inflatable chambers are configured to mitigate pressure applied to an anatomical region of a human body by an underlying surface; a plurality of inlets through which fluid is able to flow into the plurality of inflatable chambers, wherein each inlet of the plurality of inlets is associated with a corresponding one of the plurality of inflatable chambers; a pair of inflatable chambers that extend longitudinally along opposing sides of the geometric arrangement; and a pair of inlets through which fluid is able to flow into the pair of inflatable chambers, wherein each inlet of the pair of inlets is associated with a corresponding one of the pair of inflatable chambers, and wherein the pair of inlets are fluidically separate from each other, so as to allow each inflatable chamber of the pair of inflatable chambers to be independently inflated while the other inflatable chamber remains or becomes deflated as part of a turning operation.

16. The pressure-mitigation device of claim 15, wherein the pressure-mitigation device further comprises a pair of side supports that extend along opposing longitudinal sides of the geometric arrangement, wherein each side support includes at least one inflatable chamber.

17. The pressure-mitigation device of claim 15, wherein the pressure-mitigation device further comprises:(i) an upper support that extends along a first latitudinal side of the central portion and includes at least one inflatable chamber, and(ii) a lower support that extends along a second latitudinal side of the central portion and includes at least one inflatable chamber an upper support extending from a first latitudinal side of a central portion of the pressure-mitigation apparatus, wherein the upper support includes at least one inflatable chamber.

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