Defensive fortified fire structure

Abstract

The proposed technical solution relates to military defense structures, and more specifically, to military fortification structures used for engineering the positions of troops, checkpoints, guard outposts, border areas, and other critical facilities to ensure their effective protection and defense. A defensive fire structure comprises a body (1) assembled from blocks (2) with a cross-sectional shape corresponding to sector of a ring. The outer arc surface (3) of blocks (2) is bounded by a broken line, and congruent surfaces of blocks have cruciform projections (4) and cruciform recesses (5). At least three of said blocks (2) have through openings (6) of a stepped shape, which serve as embrasures. The defensive fire structure has a roof (7) made of elements shaped as sectors (8, 9) of a circle. Chords of sectors (8) of a circle located above the through openings (6) have length extended compared to the chord length of the other sectors (9) of the roof (7) circle. Sectors (9) of the roof (7) circle with the shorter chords rest on flat sections (12) of deflectors (10) mounted on both sides of the blocks (2) with through openings (6).

Description

[0001] DEFENSIVE FORTIFIED FIRE STRUCTURE

[0002] The utility model relates to military defense structures and, more specifically, to military fortification structures used in the engineering arrangement of troop positions, checkpoints, guard posts, border areas, and other critical facilities to ensure their effective protection and defense. The proposed technical solution can be used to protect against attacks by enemy sabotage and terrorist groups, providing a high level of protection, structural reliability and durability, as well as long-term operation with minimal maintenance and repair costs.

[0003] The relevance of such structures is driven by the decline, over the past 20-30 years, in the level of effective troop protection compared to the capabilities of modem means of warfare. In addition, changes in the strategy and tactics of combat operations, as well as the nature and scale of modem wars — often conducted simultaneously across the entire territory of a state without a clearly defined front line, forward edge, or rear — require the development of modem and innovative protective solutions.

[0004] There are known stationary civil defense protective structures built from precast-monolithic reinforced concrete, which are constructed in advance, as well as protective stmctures that can be rapidly assembled during periods of heightened threat. (Reference: "Protective Stmctures of Civil Defense", scientific editor V.M. Shulgin, M., 2007.)

[0005] The main drawback of such stmctures is that they are constructed on-site using large-scale construction equipment and involve a significant volume of earthworks, including the excavation of a pit and its subsequent embankment, which is a timeconsuming and labor-intensive process.

[0006] There is also a known device titled “Rapidly Assembled Observation and Firing Structure,” consisting of a two-tier observation cabin in the form of two combat casemates — upper and lower — made from multilayer high-strength composite material using an innovative vacuum infusion technology. The structure includes standardized wall panels with one or two observation slits, flat support panels of the combat casemate and vestibule, and ceiling panels, all joined together using tension bolts and mounting metal brackets. It is also equipped with hatches with ladder-stairs and means to support observation and firing from all types of small arms and grenade launchers. Additional protection from bullets and shrapnel is provided by auxiliary protective walls made of synthetic bags with filler or gabion-type bulk structures.

[0007] (Patent RU No. 2652762, published on 28.04.2017, Bulletin No. 13.)

[0008] The disadvantages of such a device include insufficient combat effectiveness due to low protective performance characteristics, including reliability, durability, and operational lifespan — especially under adverse environmental and climatic conditions. Additional drawbacks include the high cost of the multilayer composite materials used for the structure’s panels and the need for supplementary reinforcement with soil-filled bags or gabion-type bulk elements.

[0009] There is also a known device titled “Fortified Observation and Firing Structure,” which consists of an observation cabin designed as a multi-embrasure combat casemate made of reinforced concrete and a metal shell. It is equipped with armored shutters with observation slits, hatches for ventilation, lighting, and auditory monitoring of surrounding areas, as well as an evacuator composed of a tube with a mounted set of firing devices and mechanisms for their autonomous and remote control. The trench-shelter at the base includes an embrasure block made of high- strength reinforced concrete and an earthen embankment.

[0010] (Patent RU No. 58207, published on 10.11.2006, Bulletin No. 31.)

[0011] The disadvantages of this device include the complexity of its design and the labor-intensive nature of its construction, as well as the significant material and financial resources required for its installation.

[0012] No technical solution equivalent to the proposed one has been found in the state of the art.

[0013] The objective of this utility model is to simplify the design of the fire protection structure, increase its strength, reliability, and resistance to enemy weapons and adverse environmental and climatic conditions during prolonged operation, and ensure the possibility of its rapid deployment in the field using lifting equipment with a capacity of up to 10 tons.

[0014] This objective is achieved in a protective fire structure comprising a body assembled from blocks with a cross-sectional shape corresponding to a segment of a circle. The outer arc of the surface of the blocks is a broken line, and the congruent surfaces of the blocks feature cruciform protrusions and cruciform recesses. At least three of the blocks have through openings of toothed shape, which serve as embrasures. Additionally, the structure includes a roof made of roof elements shaped as segments of a circle. The chords of the roof segments located above the aforementioned through openings are extended by 1 / 4 of the length of the chords of the other roof segments and rest on a flat section of a deflector installed on both sides of the blocks with the through openings.

[0015] The structure features a streamlined form to minimize external shock impact. To reduce the effect of resonance from blast waves, the structure is designed without a foundation and is not rigidly connected to the surface on which it is installed. This allows for partial absorption of external force due to the slight mobility of the entire structure. The roof and deflector elements have sloped working surfaces.

[0016] All elements of the fire structure are made of concrete with additional reinforcement and are joined together with embedded parts and tie rods into a single enclosure with one entrance and three embrasure openings reinforced with metal for firing purposes.

[0017] The use of the full set of essential features in the proposed technical solution significantly reduces the time required for constructing the protective block shelter, as all blocks are factory-prepared. The monolithic structure reliably protects occupants from air blast waves, explosive force, and conventional weaponry. The effectiveness of the structure is further enhanced by its ability to provide 360-degree surveillance of the approaches to the protected site and to deliver fire across the surrounding terrain.

[0018] This structure offers effective protection against:

[0019] FPV drones; Direct, repeated hits from firearms with calibers up to 30.0 mm using B-32 armor-piercing rounds (at least three shots from a distance of 200 m);

[0020] Multiple impacts from shrapnel, fragmentation mines, and explosive shells;

[0021] 120 mm caliber mortars;

[0022] 125 mm high-explosive shells from ground artillery;

[0023] 125 mm armor-piercing rounds from ground artillery (including sub-caliber types);

[0024] 152 mm and 155 mm high-explosive fragmentation rounds from ground artillery.

[0025] The essence of the proposed technical solution is explained by the drawings:

[0026] Fig. 1 - A schematic view of the overall appearance of the block shelter. Rear view.

[0027] Fig. 2 - A schematic view of the overall appearance of the block shelter. Front view.

[0028] Fig. 3 - A schematic view of the overall appearance of the block shelter in disassembled condition. Rear view.

[0029] Fig. 4 - A schematic top view of block position No. 2.

[0030] Fig. 5 - A schematic bottom view of block position No. 2.

[0031] Fig. 6 - A schematic view of block position No. 2 with a through toothed- shaped opening.

[0032] Fig. 7 - A schematic top view of the roof elements.

[0033] Fig. 8 - A schematic bottom view of the roof elements.

[0034] Fig. 9 - A schematic exterior view of the deflector.

[0035] Fig. 10 - A schematic interior view of the deflector.

[0036] The protective fire structure comprises a body (1) assembled from blocks (2), which have a cross-sectional shape corresponding to a segment of a circle. The outer arc surface (3) of the blocks (2) forms a broken line. On the congruent surfaces of the blocks (2), cruciform projections (4) and cruciform recesses (5) are provided. At least three blocks (2) have through openings (6) with a toothed shape, which serve as embrasures.

[0037] The roof (7) of the fire structure is made of elements (8) and (9), which are shaped as circular segments and have a flat section (13) by which they rest on the blocks (2). The elements (8) have a chord length extended by 1 / 4 compared to the chord length of elements (9) and rest on the surface (12) of the deflector (10). The deflector (10) has different thicknesses at its ends, namely a thinner outer side (11) and a thicker inner side at the roof attachment point, with surface (12) supporting the roof (7) by means of elements (9).

[0038] The protective fire structure features an entrance (14). The body (1) is embedded below ground level by the height of two blocks. The third row of blocks is placed above ground level. All parts of the structure can be joined using adhesive mixture if necessary.

[0039] The embedded parts (15) are connected by arc welding. Afterward, the embedded elements are treated with anti-corrosion agents.

[0040] The blocks (2) with through openings (6) that serve as embrasures may be equipped with armored shutters (16). The entrance may have armored doors (17).

[0041] Usage of the protective fire structure:

[0042] At the installation site, an excavation is dug and later reinforced with earthen embankments. A platform is prepared, with the future floor set at -1.2 m from ground level. On this prepared base, the structural elements are installed — specifically, two rows of blocks (2). The third row of blocks, with openings (6) serving as embrasures, is installed above ground level. The deflectors (10) are placed with their side surfaces abutting the outer faces of blocks (2) between the blocks with openings (6). The roof is laid on the upper row of blocks (2), with its surface and the elements with shortened edges (9) resting on the flat section (13) of the deflector (10), thus forming an integrated structure.

[0043] The fire structure can function as a standalone unit or be equipped with compartments for ammunition, personnel, equipment, etc.

[0044] The blocks are made from high-grade concrete and may be additionally reinforced upon request. The assembled structure has a wall thickness of at least 600 mm. When joining the blocks, the vertical joints follow a staggered (brickwork-like) pattern. The process is similar to constructing a brick wall.

[0045] The fire structure is embedded 1.2 meters below the ground surface.

[0046] The use of the proposed technical solution allows the construction of a simple yet effective protective structure with low labor intensity for setting up a firing position. This is due to the full factory readiness of individual block modules and their quick installation using light construction machinery. The design also improves observation and firing conditions for various types of weapons and enhances the protection of guarded areas by increasing the safety of security personnel.

Claims

Claims1. A protective fire structure comprising a body composed of blocks having a cross- sectional shape corresponding to a segment of a circle, wherein the outer arc surface of the blocks forms a broken line, and the congruent surfaces of the blocks are provided with cruciform projections and cruciform recesses, and at least three of said blocks have through openings with a toothed shape, which serve as embrasures, further comprising a roof made of roof elements shaped as circular segments, wherein the chords of the roof elements located above the aforementioned through openings have a chord length extended by compared to the chord length of the other roof segment elements, and wherein the roof rests on a flat section of a deflector installed on both sides of the blocks with through openings.

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