A 2d carbon quantum dot production machine with a continuous automatic system

Abstract

The two-dimensional carbon quantum dot production machine with an automatic continuous system is designed for synthesizing two-dimensional carbon quantum dots, namely graphene oxide quantum dots or reduced graphene oxide quantum dots, within a single integrated device, using graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide as the precursor material. The primary structure of the carbon quantum dot production machine comprises an external main frame for placing synthesis equipment, shaped as a tall rectangular box, with wheels installed at all four bottom corners for mobility. The machine includes a control cabinet and an operating control system powered by a processing unit, along with a wet air filtration system. The external main frame is equipped with various components including a deionized water tank used in the production process, a chemical oxidation reaction tank with temperature control and a magnetic stir bar for agitation during the reaction, a pH monitoring system, and a condenser unit to condense vapors from the reaction back into liquid. It also includes a high- frequency ultrasonic reaction tank with temperature control via water flow through coiled tubing wrapped around the container, a dual-stage filtration system consisting of a coarse filter and a fine filter, and a purification system using a dialysis membrane bag. The machine is equipped with a water valve system for flow control, a stirring system with paddle blades, and a product storage tank for collecting the purified carbon quantum dots.

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] Title of the Invention

[0003] A 2D CARBON QUANTUM DOT PRODUCTION MACHINE WITH A CONTINUOUS AUTOMATIC SYSTEM

[0004] Field of the Invention

[0005] This invention relates to electrical engineering, electrochemical, and electrical physics, particularly related to a machine for 2D carbon quantum dots (CQDs) production using a continuous automatic system.

[0006] Background of the Invention

[0007] Graphene and its derivative materials known as graphene quantum dots (GQDs), which include graphene oxide quantum dots (GO-QDs) and reduced graphene oxide quantum dots (rGO-QDs), are two-dimensional thin-sheet materials with a size smaller than 10 nanometers. These are classified as carbon-based nanomaterials known as carbon quantum dots (CQDs). GO-QDs and rGO-QDs are produced by downsizing larger graphene oxide (GO) or reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets, typically larger than 10 nanometers, through chemical synthesis. This method is relatively simple and allows for mass production, representing a significant advancement in the development of innovations and nanotechnology that combines the excellent properties of graphene with the tunability of quantum dots. The key significance of GO-QDs and rGO-QDs lies in their unique optical absorption and photoluminescent properties, their superior electron transport and conductivity capabilities, and their wide chemical reactivity. These features open new possibilities for innovation and diverse applications across multiple industries, such as electronic circuits, photonics, semiconductors, sensors, energy storage devices, agricultural technology, and biomedical fields. Their notable features include exceptional conductivity and electron transfer, tunable light absorption and emission, nontoxicity, and excellent biocompatibility.

[0008] Currently, graphene and its derivative materials, especially reduced graphene oxide quantum dots (rGO-QDs), are considered high-potential nanomaterials for applications in various industries such as electronics, environmental biomedicine, and clean energy technology. The remarkable capabilities of rGO-QDs stem from their specific chemical and physical properties, which include excellent electron transport and electrical conductivity, size- tunable fluorescence, surface chemical functionalization, non-toxicity, and high biocompatibility. The outstanding electron transport and conductivity properties of rGO-QDs are particularly significant for applications in electronics and energy storage, which require rapid and efficient charge transfer. The excellent conductivity of rGO-QDs arises from the restoration of graphene's conductive lattice structure, while also incorporating functional groups that enhance solubility and compatibility with other composite materials. Moreover, rGO-QDs allow for fluorescence intensity to be tuned according to particle size, making them ideal for use in sensors and detection systems requiring high light sensitivity. Generally, changing the size of quantum dots (QDs) affects the energy and wavelength of emitted light, enabling various applications in imaging and color sharpness. The diverse surface functionalities of GO-QDs and rGO-QDs make them suitable for easy integration with other materials, resulting in new composite materials with enhanced specific properties. This adaptability enables the development of innovative materials tailored for specialized chemical responsiveness. In addition, both GO-QDs and rGO-QDs exhibit high biocompatibility and low toxicity, ensuring their safe use with biological tissues and cells. These qualities are essential for applications in drug delivery, bioimaging, and biosensing, making them particularly suitable for medical applications.

[0009] The diverse surface characteristics of GO-QDs and rGO-QDs, resulting from their various chemical functional groups, make them highly suitable for easy conjugation or integration with other materials. This enables the formation of new composite materials with specifically enhanced properties. Such capability opens the door to the development of innovative materials with tailored chemical responsiveness, ideal for specialized applications. Furthermore, both GO-QDs and rGO-QDs exhibit high biocompatibility and low toxicity. These properties ensure that they can be used safely with biological tissues and cells without causing adverse effects, which is crucial for applications such as drug delivery, bioimaging, and biosensing. These features make them exceptionally well-suited for biomedical applications.

[0010] Quantum dots (QDs), which are nano-sized crystalline materials (nanocrystals) with particle sizes ranging from 1 to 10 nanometers, exhibit behavior governed by quantum mechanics. Electrons within these nanocrystals are confined, resulting in discrete energy levels. These energy levels can be understood using the "particle-in-a-box" model from quantum theory, where the quantum dot is treated as a cubic box with side length L. In a simplified one- dimensional model, the electron’s energy (E) is inversely proportional to the square of the box size (or dot radius), i.e., E oc 1 / L2. This implies that the smaller the radius of the QD, the higher the energy level of the confined electron. Conversely, a larger QD radius leads to lower energy levels. When an electron in a QD absorbs external energy, such as light, it is excited to a higher energy state. Upon returning to its ground state, the electron releases energy in the form of light. The emitted light's energy (E) is related to its wavelength (X) by the equation E = hc / , where h is Planck’s constant (6.626 x 1034J s) and c is the speed of light (2.99 x 108m / s). Therefore, smaller QDs (1-4 nm) emit light at shorter wavelengths, appearing blue to violet, while larger QDs (6-9 nm) emit longer wavelengths, resulting in orange to red light. This phenomenon is known as the quantum size effect, where the optical and electronic properties of QDs are directly determined by their physical size.

[0011] After conducting a search on synthesis methods and research studies related to the production of quantum dot (QD) materials, there are various available synthesis techniques, each with its own advantages and limitations. Common synthesis methods include colloidal synthesis, hydrothermal synthesis, chemical oxidation cutting process, plasma synthesis, and electrochemical synthesis. In addition, it has been found that some quantum dot materials are produced in laboratory settings using the hot injection method. However, this method yields only a small amount of products, which is insufficient for industrial-scale production.

[0012] Based on a search of Thai patent databases and international patent databases, several inventions have been found that are related to machines for producing two-dimensional carbon quantum dot materials derived from graphene, using graphene oxide as the starting material, as follows:

[0013] A United States patent no. US 9732273B, titled "Quantum Dots, Rods, Wires, Sheets, and Ribbons, and Uses Thereof," describes various types of quantum dot materials including zinc quantum dots (Zn-QDs), cadmium selenide quantum dots (CdSe-QDs), cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS-QDs), and cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe-QDs). However, it does not pertain to two-dimensional carbon quantum dot materials derived from graphene.

[0014] A United States patent no. US 10174204B2, titled "Method for Preparation of Carbon Quantum Dots and Application," describes a method for preparing carbon quantum dots consisting of four steps: (1) Preparing a dispersion of carbon material

[0015] (2) Mixing a halogenated quinone solution with the material from step (1)

[0016] (3) Reacting the mixture from step (2) with an aqueous solution

[0017] (4) Separating the solid from the solution obtained in step (3)

[0018] A United States Patent No. US 10807872 B2 , titled "Graphene Oxide Quantum Dot Material Composed of Same and Graphene-Like Structure, and Preparation Method Therefor," discloses graphene oxide quantum dot materials produced using graphite, a three-dimensional carbon substance, as the precursor. The method involves configuring graphite as both the positive and negative electrodes, immersing them in an electrolyte solution, and applying a direct current (DC) power supply to the system for production.

[0019] It can be observed that although various patents have been filed for the production of quantum dot materials, the resulting quantum dots do not take the form of two-dimensional carbon quantum dots derived from graphene. Instead, they are limited to the production of carbon quantum dots (C-QDs), zinc quantum dots (Zn-QDs), cadmium selenide quantum dots (CdSe-QDs), cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS-QDs), and cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe-QDs). In the case of graphene oxide quantum dots, the production method uses graphite as the precursor and relies solely on a process where graphite serves as both the anode and cathode in an electrolyte solution with a direct current (DC) power supply applied.

[0020] Therefore, based on the search result, no reports have been found indicating the production of two-dimensional carbon quantum dots — specifically graphene oxide quantum dots (GO-QDs) or reduced graphene oxide quantum dots (rGO-QDs) — using graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide as the starting materials, via a chemical oxidation cutting process conducted with industrial-scale equipment. Moreover, there have been no reports of such 2D carbon quantum dots being produced using an automated, continuous production machine that can yield large quantities of product in a single, integrated system.

[0021] Graphene materials and their derivatives, such as GO-QDs and rGO-QDs, offer a wide range of applications and can be further developed across numerous industries. These materials have significant potential to support the advancement of national innovation and technology. Therefore, domestic large-scale production of graphene and graphene-derived quantum dot materials is essential for industrial utilization. Currently, both GO-QDs and rGO-QDs must be imported into Thailand at high costs, primarily due to the complexity of their laboratory-scale production methods and the limited quantities achievable. These challenges and limitations have led to the development of a new production machine for two-dimensional carbon quantum dots derived from graphene (GO-QDs and rGO-QDs), using locally sourced graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide as the precursor. The system utilizes a chemical oxidation cutting process in an automated and continuous production setup. This newly designed machine enables high- volume production while also reducing manufacturing costs and time.

[0022] Summary of the Invention

[0023] This invention relates to a two-dimensional carbon quantum dot (CQD) production machine featuring an automated and continuous system for the synthesis of graphene oxide quantum dots (GO-QDs) or reduced graphene oxide quantum dots (rGO-QDs). The machine’s continuous automation enables large-scale production within a single integrated unit using graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide as the starting material. Additionally, it is capable of synthesizing other types of carbon quantum dots.

[0024] The prototype of the CQD production machine comprises a main external frame that holds the synthesis equipment, shaped as a tall rectangular box. At the base of the frame, four wheels are installed at each comer for ease of mobility. The system includes a control cabinet and a central processing unit that manages four integrated subsystems: a chemical reaction system, an ultrasonic (high-frequency sound wave) reaction system, a filtration system, and a purification system. The machine is equipped with a wet air filtration unit to remove toxic gases. The external frame also incorporates various components for the synthesis process, including: a deionized water tank with a pump for supplying water to the production system, a chemical oxidation cutting reaction tank, equipped with temperature control and a magnetic stirring rod, a pH monitoring system, a condenser to revert vapor to liquid during the reaction process. The machine is capable of pumping chemical reagents into the system, and after the reaction, the solution is pumped into the ultrasonic reaction system. This system includes a water-cooling mechanism with tubes wrapped around the reaction tank, an ultrasonic control unit, and a water bath for carrying out ultrasonic reactions. After completing this stage, the liquid is pumped into the filtration system, which includes both a coarse and a fine filter. Following filtration, the solution is pumped into a carbon quantum dot product storage tank and then transferred to the purification system. This unit features open / close water valves, an agitator with paddles, and a dialysis membrane bag for substance separation by diffusion. The final product obtained is purified carbon quantum dots — either GO-QDs or rGO-QDs. The objective of this invention is to develop a machine capable of producing two- dimensional carbon quantum dots (CQDs) using an automatic and continuous process that allows for large-scale production within a single integrated system. The manufacturing method employed by this CQD production machine is straightforward and cost-effective. The machine can produce both graphene oxide quantum dots (GO-QDs) and reduced graphene oxide quantum dots (rGO-QDs) using graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide as the starting materials. Additionally, it can synthesize other types of carbon quantum dots. The machine can produce both graphene oxide quantum dots (GO-QDs) and reduced graphene oxide quantum dots (rGO-QDs) using graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide as the starting materials. Additionally, it can synthesize other types of carbon quantum dots. The products generated by this machine can be further developed and applied in modern innovations and advanced technologies across various industries, including electronics, photonics, sensors, batteries, semiconductors, agriculture, and biomedical applications.

[0025] Brief Description of the Drawings

[0026] Figure 1 illustrates a side view of the machine showing the external frame structure and the arrangement of components in the two-dimensional carbon quantum dot production machine with an automatic continuous system.

[0027] Figure 2 illustrates a front view of the machine showing the external frame and the arrangement of components in the two-dimensional carbon quantum dot production machine with an automatic continuous system.

[0028] Figure 3 illustrates a rear view of the machine’s external frame in the two-dimensional carbon quantum dot production system with an automatic continuous system.

[0029] Figure 4 illustrates an external view of the reaction system.

[0030] Figure 5 illustrates an internal view of the reaction.

[0031] Figure 6 illustrates an external view of the ultrasonic reaction system.

[0032] Figure 7 illustrates an internal view of the ultrasonic reaction system.

[0033] Figure 8 illustrates a diagram showing the filtration system.

[0034] Figure 9 illustrates an external view of the purification system.

[0035] Figure 10 illustrates an internal view of the purification system. Figure 11 illustrates transmission electron microscope images of (a) the graphene oxide precursor and (b) the reduced graphene oxide quantum dot product.

[0036] Figure 1 2 illustrates UV-Vis absorption spectrum of the reduced graphene oxide quantum dot product.

[0037] Figure 13 illustrates Raman spectroscopy spectrum showing molecular vibrations of the reduced graphene oxide quantum dot product.

[0038] Detailed Description of the Invention

[0039] The two-dimensional carbon quantum dot production machine with an automated continuous system is designed to synthesize 2 D carbon quantum dots, specifically graphene oxide quantum dots (GO-QDs) or reduced graphene oxide quantum dots (rGO-QDs), using graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide as the starting material. The machine enables high- volume production and completes the entire process within a single integrated system. Furthermore, this production machine is also capable of synthesizing other types of carbon quantum dots.

[0040] Figures 1-10 illustrate the two-dimensional carbon quantum dot production machine with an automatic continuous system. The machine comprises an external main frame (12) that houses the synthesis equipment, designed as a tall rectangular box divided into two levels which are an upper-level walls having rectangular openings: two on the sides (width- wise) and one on the front (length-wise), and a lower-level wall having one rectangular opening at the front. All rectangular openings are fitted with transparent panels such as glass or clear plastic (not shown in the drawings). At the base of the main frame (12), four sets of wheels (13) are installed at each corner for easy movement of the equipment. A wet air filtration device (11) is installed at the top right comer of the frame to filter vapor during reactions. On the rear side of the main frame (12), a door (55) is mounted for access. The inner side of the door (55) contains a control cabinet (10) used to operate and process the machine’s functions. This control cabinet (10) is connected to a power socket (54) that links the machine to an external power source. The control cabinet (10) is connected via electrical wiring (not shown in the drawings) to various components, including a heating device (14), an ultrasonic device (24), the first reagent pump (5), the second reagent pump (6), the third reagent pump (34), and a stirring motor (47). On the lower level of the main frame (12), a water tank (7) is installed to store deionized water, and a product tank (8) is included to collect the final product. Internally, the main frame (12) is organized into four operational systems, containing a reaction system (1), an ultrasonic reaction system (2), a filtration system (3), and a purification system (4).

[0041] The Reaction System (1 ) , as shown in Figures 4 and 5 , is installed on the upper level of the external main frame (12). It consists of the first reaction tank (15), which is a cylindrical vessel designed to hold the precursor materials for the reaction. This tank is mounted on a heating device (14), which provides heat and magnetic stirring. Inside the reaction tank (15), a magnetic stirring bar (23) is placed. This cylindrical magnetic rod facilitates the stirring of liquids via magnetic force generated by the heating device (14). At the top of the reaction tank (15), a lid (17) is installed. This lid contains four openings, one of which holds a condenser unit (16) placed at the center. The condenser is a hollow cylindrical tube with an internal spiral coil. The top end is connected to an outlet water pipe (18), and the bottom end is connected to an inlet water pipe (19), allowing water circulation through a cooling system (not shown in the drawing). Additionally, a temperature and pH monitoring device (20) is installed on the lid (17) to monitor the reaction conditions. Another opening on the lid (17) is connected to the first inlet pipe (21), which is L-shaped and extends down into the reaction tank (15). This pipe allows liquid chemicals to be introduced into the tank and is connected to the first reagent pump (5), located on the side of the reaction system (1), to supply fluids into the system. The lid (17) also includes the first outlet pipe (22), also L-shaped, which extends down into the tank (15) to extract the reacted liquid via the second reagent pump (6). This outlet pipe is further connected to the second inlet pipe (32), which leads to the ultrasonic reaction system (2).

[0042] The Ultrasonic Reaction System (2), as shown in Figures 6 and 7, is installed on the upper level of the external main frame (12). It consists of the ultrasonic generator unit (24), which is a rectangular water-filled container used to transmit high-frequency ultrasonic waves to the second reaction tank (25), located within the ultrasonic unit (24). The second reaction tank (25) is cylindrical in shape and receives chemicals from the reaction system (1). The outer wall of the tank is wrapped with a water pipe (28) that enables cooling through a circulating water system (not shown in the drawings), with water entering through the inlet pipe (26) and exiting via the outlet pipe (27). At the top of the second reaction tank (25), a lid (29) is installed with holes for mounting a temperature and pH monitoring device (20), used to measure the chemical conditions within the reaction. An L-shaped second inlet pipe (32) extends into the second reaction tank (25) to transfer liquid chemicals from the first reaction system (1) into this tank via the second reagent pump (6). On the opposite side of the lid (29), an L-shaped second outlet pipe (33) also extends into the tank, used to extract the reacted chemical solution from the second reaction tank (25) through the third reagent pump (34), and transfer it to the filtration system (3).

[0043] The Ultrasonic Reaction System (2), as shown in Figures 6 and 7, is installed on the upper level of the external main frame (12). It consists of the ultrasonic generator unit (24), which is a rectangular water-filled container used to transmit high-frequency ultrasonic waves to the second reaction tank (25), located within the ultrasonic unit (24). The second reaction tank (25) is cylindrical in shape and receives chemicals from the reaction system (1). The outer wall of the tank is wrapped with a water pipe (28) that enables cooling through a circulating water system (not shown in the drawings), with water entering through the inlet pipe (26) and exiting via the outlet pipe (27). At the top of the second reaction tank (25), a lid (29) is installed with holes for mounting a temperature and pH monitoring device (20), used to measure the chemical conditions within the reaction. An L-shaped second inlet pipe (32) extends into the second reaction tank (25) to transfer liquid chemicals from the first reaction system (1) into this tank via the second reagent pump (6). On the opposite side of the lid (29), an L-shaped second outlet pipe (33) also extends into the tank, used to extract the reacted chemical solution from the second reaction tank (25) through the third reagent pump (34), and transfer it to the filtration system (3).

[0044] The Filtration System (3), as shown in Figure 8, is installed on the upper level of the external main frame (12). It begins with the third reagent pump (34), which is connected via tubing to the top of the coarse filter (35), a cylindrical tube used for initial, large-particle separation. The lower part of the coarse filter (35) connects via tubing to Valve 1 (38), which controls the flow of liquid to the bottom of the first fine filter (36), also a cylindrical tube used for finer particle separation. The top of the first fine filter (36) is connected to Valve 2 (39), which regulates the flow into the top of the second fine filter (37), another cylindrical filter for additional fine separation. From the bottom of this filter, liquid passes through Valve 3 (40), which leads to the third inlet pipe (41). This pipe extends into the product collection tank (9) through an opening in the lid (44) installed on the tank. The product collection tank (9) is cylindrical and is used to store the filtered product. A side pipe from the tank is connected to Valve 4 (42), which controls the release of liquid from the tank into the purification system (4) via the third outlet pipe (43). The Purification System (4), as shown in Figures 9 and 10, is installed on the lower level of the external main frame (12). It includes a storage tank (45), which is a cylindrical container used to hold water. The top of the tank is equipped with a lid (46) and a stirring motor (47) that connects to a blade assembly (53) for mixing the liquid within the tank. Also installed is a pH measurement device (48) to monitor the acidity or alkalinity of the solution. At the top of the tank (45), an L-shaped inlet pipe (49) is connected. One end of this pipe links to the third outlet pipe (43), and the other end extends down into the storage tank (45) to deliver chemicals and liquids from the filtration system (3) into a dialysis bag (52). Once the product is introduced into the dialysis bag, the bag is sealed and placed inside the tank (45), which has already been filled with water, to wash and separate particles based on size. At the bottom of the tank (45), a fifth valve (5 1 ) is installed to control the release of liquid. This allows the contents to exit through the fourth outlet pipe (50) and into the final product storage tank (8), which is located on the lower level of the external main frame (12) and used to collect the finished product generated by the machine.

[0045] The dialysis bag (52) has a membrane pore size ranging from 1 0 nanometers to 1 nanometer.

[0046] The first reaction tank (15) and the second reaction tank (25) can be made from either glass or acid / base-resistant coated metal. The external main frame (12) may be constructed from materials such as plastic, aluminum, zinc, or stainless steel. The ultrasonic generator unit (24) operates by emitting high-frequency sound waves from a rectangular water- filled bath and can deliver ultrasonic power starting from 180 watts (180 W) and above. The coarse filter (35), first fine filter (36) , and second fine filter (37) contain ceramic or polymer filter membranes capable of filtering particles in the range of 0.22 micrometers to 10 nanometers.

[0047] Experimental Results

[0048] The rGO-QDs product synthesized using the two-dimensional carbon quantum dot production machine with an automated system appears as a yellow solution. When this solution is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light, it emits visible fluorescence in the form of blue or bluish light. This observation indicates that the synthesized product exhibits quantum behavior, known as the quantum effect — an optical phenomenon that occurs exclusively in substances demonstrating quantum characteristics. From Figure 1 1 , it is observed that the starting graphene oxide (GO) material appears as thin sheets with dimensions in the micrometer range. These sheets tend to aggregate. After undergoing the production process using the carbon quantum dot production machine, the synthesized rGO-QDs are observed to be smaller, thin-sheet particles with sizes in the range of 2-6 nanometers. This confirms that the GO used as the precursor has been successfully reduced in size by the production process, resulting in the formation of rGO-QDs.

[0049] Figure 1 2 illustrates the characteristic light absorption spectrum of the rGO-QDs product synthesized using the production machine, as measured by UV- Visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis spectrophotometer). The rGO-QDs exhibit a distinct absorption peak at a maximum wavelength of 258 nanometers. This characteristic peak arises from the n- Ti* electronic transitions within the molecular structure of the rGO-QDs, indicating electron excitation from bonding it orbitals to anti-bonding 7t* orbitals.

[0050] Figure 13 presents the molecular vibrational characteristics of the reduced graphene oxide quantum dots (rGO-QDs) product, analyzed using Raman spectroscopy. The spectrum reveals two distinct vibrational peaks at approximately 1 3 5 3 cm ' and 1 5 7 2 cm1, corresponding to the D band and G band, respectively. The D band signifies the presence of structural defects or disorders within the carbon framework, while the G band represents the orderly arrangement of carbon atoms in the graphitic structure of the rGO-QDs product. These features confirm the presence of characteristic graphene -based molecular structures in the synthesized material.

[0051] Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0052] As described previously in the Detailed Disclosure of the Invention section.

Claims

Claims1 . A two-dimensional carbon quantum dot production machine with an automatic continuous system, comprising: an external main frame (12) for holding synthesis components, shaped as a tall rectangular box divided into two levels, wherein the upper level includes two rectangular side openings and one front-facing rectangular opening; the lower level includes a single front-facing rectangular opening, all of which are covered with transparent panels, wherein four wheels (13) are installed at the base corners of the external main frame (12) for mobility, a wet air filtration unit (11) is mounted at the top right for filtering vapor during reactions, and a door (55) is installed at the back of the frame, the inner side of which contains a control cabinet (10) for controlling and processing the operation of the machine; a control cabinet (10) is connected to a power socket (54) for power source connection and connected via wires to various equipment including a heating unit (14), an ultrasonic device (24), a first reagent pumps (5), a second reagent pumps (6), a third reagent pumps (34), and a stirring motor (47), wherein the lower level houses a water tank (7) for deionized water storage and a product storage tank (8) for product storage, and the interior of the frame (12) integrates four subsystems comprising a reaction system (1), an ultrasonic reaction system (2), a filtration system (3), and a purification system (4), wherein it is characterized in that the reaction system (1), installed at the top of the interior of the frame (12), comprises a first reaction tank (15) in a cylindrical shape for loading the reactant for reaction, placed on a heating device (14) for heating and magnetic stirring with a magnetic stir bar (23) in a cylindrical shape with magnetic properties for stirring the liquid through magnetic force transmitted from the heating device (14); at the top of the first reaction tank (15), it is installed with a first lid (17) having four ports for installation of a condenser (16) at the center, the first lid (17) for condensing the reaction vipor to liquid, is a hollow cylindrical pipe with a coiled hollow pipe in a spiral form containing a first outlet (18) at the top end and first inlet (19) at the bottom end allowing the water to flow through from the cooling system, and a temperature and pH probe (20) is installed at the first lid (17) for measuring reaction temperature and pH, an 1-shaped inlet pipe (21) is installed at the openings on the top of the first lid (17), the 1-shaped inlet pipe extends down into the first reaction tank (15) for containing liquid chemicals, connected to a first pump (5) installed at the side of a reaction system (1) for pumping liquid into the system, wherein the first lid (5) is installed with a first outlet (22), being an 1-shaped outlet pipe extending down into the first reaction tank (15)for drawning liquid chemicals out of the container via a second reagent pump (6) which is connected through the second inlet pipe (32) to the ultrasonic reaction; an ultrasonic reaction system (2), installed on the upper level of the external main frame (12), comprising an ultrasonic generator unit (24), shaped as a rectangular container filled with water, for delivering high-frequency ultrasonic waves to the second reaction tank (25), which is installed within the ultrasonic generator unit (24) and is a cylindrical vessel for receiving chemicals from the reaction system (1), wherein the outer wall of the second reaction tank (25) is wrapped with a water pipe (28) for cooling via a circulating water system, with water entering through the second inlet pipe (26), and at the outlet end of the second water pipe (27), the top of the second reaction tank (25) is fitted with a second lid (29), which is perforated with holes for mounting a second temperature and pH measurement device (20) on the second lid (29) for monitoring the temperature and acidity or alkalinity of the reaction, and is also fitted with a second inlet pipe(32), shaped as an L-tube extending down into the second reaction tank (25) for transferring chemical substances from the reaction system (1) into the second reaction tank (25) via the second reagent pump (6), and on the opposite side of the second lid (29), a second outlet pipe(33) is installed, shaped as an L-tube extending into the second reaction tank (25) for extracting the liquid chemicals from the second reaction tank (25) through the third reagent pump (34) and delivering them to the filtration system (3); a filtration system (3) is installed on the upper level of the external main frame (12) and comprises a third reagent pump (34), which is connected via piping to the top of a coarse filter (35), shaped as a cylindrical tube for coarse particle size separation, which is connected via piping at its lower end to a first valve (38) for opening or closing to allow liquid to flow through piping to the bottom of a first fine filter (36), which is also shaped as a cylindrical tube for fine particle separation, which in turn is connected via piping at the top to a second valve (39) for opening or closing to allow liquid to flow through piping to the top of a second fine filter (37), also shaped as a cylindrical tube for fine separation, which is connected via piping at the bottom to a third valve (40) for opening or closing to allow liquid to flow through piping to a third inlet pipe (41), which extends into a product collection tank (9) through an opening in the third lid (44) installed on the product collection tank (9), which is cylindrical in shape and used for storing the product obtained from the filtration process, wherein the side of the product collection tank (9) is fitted with a pipe connected to a fourth valve (42) for opening or closingto allow liquid to flow out of the product collection tank (9), which is connected to the purification system (4) through a third outlet pipe (43). a purification system (4) is installed on the lower level of the external main frame (12) and comprises a storage tank (45), which is a cylindrical tank for holding water, wherein the top part is equipped with a fourth lid (46) and a stirring motor (47) connected to a blade assembly (53) for mixing the liquid inside the storage tank (45), and also fitted with a third pH measurement device (48) for measuring the acidity or alkalinity of the solution, wherein the top of the storage tank (45) is equipped with a fill pipe (49), shaped as an L-tube, one end of which is connected to the third outlet pipe (43) and the other end extends downward into the storage tank (45) to allow chemicals and liquid from the filtration system (3) to flow into a dialysis bag (52), and after the product is filled into the dialysis bag, the bag is sealed and placed into the storage tank (45), which has been pre-filled, for washing and separating the product based on particle size, and wherein the bottom of the storage tank (45) is fitted with a fifth valve (51) for opening or closing to allow the liquid inside the storage tank (45) to flow out through the fourth outlet pipe (50) into the product collection tank (8), which is installed on the lower level of the external main frame (12) and used for storing the final product produced by the machine.

2. The two-dimensional carbon quantum dot production machine with an automated continuous system according to claim 1, wherein the dialysis bag (52) has a membrane pore size ranging from 10 nanometers to 1 nanometer.

3. The two-dimensional carbon quantum dot production machine with an automated continuous system according to claim 1, wherein the first reaction tank (15) and the second reaction tank (25) are made of a material selected from glass or acid and alkali-resistant coated metal.

4. The two-dimensional carbon quantum dot production machine with an automated continuous system according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic wave generator unit (24) is a system that emits high-frequency ultrasonic waves from a rectangular water-filled tank and provides ultrasonic power of higher than 180 watts (180 W).

5. The two-dimensional carbon quantum dot production machine with an automated continuous system according to claim 1, wherein the coarse filter (35), the first fine filter (36), and the second fine filter (37) are filled with ceramic or polymer filter sheets capable of filtering particles in the range of 0.22 micrometers to 10 nanometers.

6. The two-dimensional carbon quantum dot production machine with an automated continuous system according to claim 1, wherein the external main frame (12) is made of a material selected from plastic, aluminum, zinc, or stainless steel.

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