Signal processing method and device in a wireless communication system

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a 5G communication system or a 6G communication system for supporting higher data rates beyond a 4G communication system such as long term evolution (LTE). The present disclosure relates to a signal processing method and apparatus. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a communication device in a communication system, comprising: obtaining a first real-valued sequence based on a source signal; obtaining a sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols of fixed amplitude based on the first real-valued sequence, wherein a phase of each complex-valued modulation symbol in the sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols is determined based on one real value in the first real-valued sequence.

Description

SIGNAL PROCESSING METHOD AND DEVICE IN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

[0001] The present application relates to the field of wireless communications, and more specifically, to a method and device for modulating and mapping of signals in wireless communications.

[0002] Considering the development of wireless communication from generation to generation, the technologies have been developed mainly for services targeting humans, such as voice calls, multimedia services, and data services. Following the commercialization of 5G (5th generation) communication systems, it is expected that the number of connected devices will exponentially grow. Increasingly, these will be connected to communication networks. Examples of connected things may include vehicles, robots, drones, home appliances, displays, smart sensors connected to various infrastructures, construction machines, and factory equipment. Mobile devices are expected to evolve in various form-factors, such as augmented reality glasses, virtual reality headsets, and hologram devices. In order to provide various services by connecting hundreds of billions of devices and things in the 6G (6th generation) era, there have been ongoing efforts to develop improved 6G communication systems. For these reasons, 6G communication systems are referred to as beyond-5G systems.

[0003] 6G communication systems, which are expected to be commercialized around 2030, will have a peak data rate of tera (1,000 giga)-level bit per second (bps) and a radio latency less than 100μsec, and thus will be 50 times as fast as 5G communication systems and have the 1 / 10 radio latency thereof.

[0004] In order to accomplish such a high data rate and an ultra-low latency, it has been considered to implement 6G communication systems in a terahertz (THz) band (for example, 95 gigahertz (GHz) to 3THz bands). It is expected that, due to severer path loss and atmospheric absorption in the terahertz bands than those in mmWave bands introduced in 5G, technologies capable of securing the signal transmission distance (that is, coverage) will become more crucial. It is necessary to develop, as major technologies for securing the coverage, Radio Frequency (RF) elements, antennas, novel waveforms having a better coverage than Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), beamforming and massive Multiple-input Multiple-Output (MIMO), Full Dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas, and multiantenna transmission technologies such as large-scale antennas. In addition, there has been ongoing discussion on new technologies for improving the coverage of terahertz-band signals, such as metamaterial-based lenses and antennas, Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM), and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS).

[0005] Moreover, in order to improve the spectral efficiency and the overall network performances, the following technologies have been developed for 6G communication systems: a full-duplex technology for enabling an uplink transmission and a downlink transmission to simultaneously use the same frequency resource at the same time; a network technology for utilizing satellites, High-Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS), and the like in an integrated manner; an improved network structure for supporting mobile base stations and the like and enabling network operation optimization and automation and the like; a dynamic spectrum sharing technology via collision avoidance based on a prediction of spectrum usage; an use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in wireless communication for improvement of overall network operation by utilizing AI from a designing phase for developing 6G and internalizing end-to-end AI support functions; and a next-generation distributed computing technology for overcoming the limit of UE computing ability through reachable super-high-performance communication and computing resources (such as Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), clouds, and the like) over the network. In addition, through designing new protocols to be used in 6G communication systems, developing mechanisms for implementing a hardware-based security environment and safe use of data, and developing technologies for maintaining privacy, attempts to strengthen the connectivity between devices, optimize the network, promote softwarization of network entities, and increase the openness of wireless communications are continuing.

[0006] It is expected that research and development of 6G communication systems in hyper-connectivity, including person to machine (P2M) as well as machine to machine (M2M), will allow the next hyper-connected experience. Particularly, it is expected that services such as truly immersive eXtended Reality (XR), high-fidelity mobile hologram, and digital replica could be provided through 6G communication systems. In addition, services such as remote surgery for security and reliability enhancement, industrial automation, and emergency response will be provided through the 6G communication system such that the technologies could be applied in various fields such as industry, medical care, automobiles, and home appliances.

[0007] The present disclosure relates to signal processing method and device in a wireless communication system.

[0008] According to an aspect of an exemplary embodiment, there is provided a communication method in a wireless communication system.

[0009] Aspects of the present disclosure provide efficient communication methods in a wireless communication system.

[0010] FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless network according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0011] FIG. 2a illustrates example wireless transmit and receive paths according to the present disclosure;

[0012] FIG. 2b illustrates example wireless transmit and receive paths according to the present disclosure;

[0013] FIG. 3a illustrates an example UE according to the present disclosure;

[0014] FIG. 3b illustrates an example gNB according to the present disclosure;

[0015] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of obtaining a sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols through QPSK modulation and mapping;

[0016] FIG. 5 illustrates a constellation diagram of a sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols obtained through joint source-channel coding;

[0017] FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic diagram of a method of modulation and mapping according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0018] FIG. 7 illustrates a constellation diagram of a sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols obtained by a method of modulation and mapping according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0019] FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic diagram of a method of modulation and mapping according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0020] FIG. 9 illustrates a constellation diagram of a sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols obtained by a method of modulation and mapping according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0021] FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of a method of modulation and mapping according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0022] FIG. 11 illustrates a constellation diagram of a sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols obtained by a method of modulation and mapping according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0023] FIG. 12 illustrates a schematic structural diagram of a joint coding model according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0024] FIG. 13 illustrates a schematic diagram of training a joint coding model according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0025] FIG. 14 illustrates a schematic structural diagram of user equipment according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0026] FIG. 15 illustrates a schematic structural diagram of a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] FIG. 16 illustrates schematic diagrams of constellation diagrams of modulation symbols obtained according to various example schemes of embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 17 illustrate schematic diagrams of constellation diagrams of modulation symbols obtained according to various example schemes of embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 18 illustrate schematic diagrams of constellation diagrams of modulation symbols obtained according to various example schemes of embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 19 is a block diagram of a terminal or user equipment (UE) 1900 according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

[0031] FIG. 20 is a block diagram of a base station (BS) 2000 according to an embodiment of the disclosure; and

[0032] FIG. 21 is a block diagram of a network entity 2100 according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0033] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a communication device in a communication system, comprising:

[0034] obtaining a first real-valued sequence based on a source signal;

[0035] obtaining a sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols of fixed amplitude based on the first real-valued sequence, wherein a phase of each complex-valued modulation symbol in the sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols is determined based on one real value in the first real-valued sequence.

[0036] In an implementation, the phase of each complex-valued modulation symbol is determined by transforming the first real value based on a weight.

[0037] In an implementation, a value range of the phase of each complex-valued modulation symbol is continuous.

[0038] In an implementation, the complex-valued modulation symbol is determined by:

[0039]

[0040] wherein, α represents a fixed amplitude of the complex-valued modulation symbol, represents the phase of the complex-valued modulation symbol, is a function of a real value in the first real-valued sequence corresponding to the complex-valued modulation symbol.

[0041] In an implementation, the sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols with fixed amplitude is derived based on a fourth real-valued sequence,

[0042] wherein the fourth real-valued sequence is derived based on the first real-valued sequence and a first vector,

[0043] wherein, the first vector includes k elements, and k is an integer greater than 1.

[0044] In an implementation, every k real values in the fourth real-valued sequence correspond to every real value in the first real-valued sequence and are obtained by sequentially multiplying the every real value in the first real-valued sequence by an element in the first vector.

[0045] In an implementation, the method further comprising: receiving configuration information related to a parameter set related to modulation,

[0046] the parameter set includes at least one group of parameters related to modulation.

[0047] In an implementation, the method further comprising: receiving control information indicating a group of parameters related to modulation from the parameter set.

[0048] In an implementation, the configuration information includes the corresponding relationship between the at least one group of parameters and indexes, and the indication information indicates the index information of a group of parameters among the at least one group of parameters.

[0049] In an implementation, the parameters related to modulation comprise at least one of: a phase-related parameter, an amplitude-related parameter, a phase-related first weight parameter, an amplitude-related second weight parameter, a phase quantization parameter, an amplitude quantization parameter, a first vector-related information.

[0050] In an implementation, obtaining a first real-valued sequence based on a source signal comprises: inputting the source signal into a neural network model to obtain the first real-valued sequence.

[0051] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a communication device in a communication system, comprising:

[0052] obtaining a first real value sequence based on a source signal;

[0053] obtaining a sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols based on the first real-valued sequence, wherein each symbol in the sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols is determined based on a second real value related to phase and / or a third real value related to amplitude,

[0054] wherein the second real value and the third real value are obtained based on a first real value, and the second real value is greater than the third real value.

[0055] In an implementation, the third real value is determined based on an amplitude parameter,

[0056] wherein, the value range of the amplitude of the complex-valued modulation symbols is continuous, and within the amplitude range, the amplitude range is (0, 1].

[0057] In an implementation, the sum of the second real value and the third real value is the first real value.

[0058] In an implementation, the value range of the phase of each complex-valued modulation symbol is continuous.

[0059] In an implementation, the third real value is determined based on an amplitude parameter,

[0060] wherein, the value of the amplitude of the complex-valued modulation symbols is one value in a numeral value set, and the number of values in the numeral value set is configured.

[0061] In an implementation, the complex-valued modulation symbol is determined by:

[0062] to determine, wherein represents an amplitude of a complex-valued modulation symbol and is determined based on the third real value, represents the phase of the complex-valued modulation symbol and is determined based on the second real value.

[0063] In an implementation, the second real value is derived based on a first weight parameter related to phase and the third real value is derived based on a second weight parameter related to amplitude.

[0064] In an implementation, the amplitude of the complex-valued modulation symbol is determined based on the quantized value of the third real value, and / or the phase of the complex-valued modulation symbol is determined based on the quantized value of the second real value.

[0065] In an implementation, the quantized value of the second real value is derived based on a result of quantization of the second real value and the quantization parameter associated with the second real value and the quantization parameter associated with the second real value; and / or

[0066] the quantized value of the third real value is derived based on a result of quantization of the third real value and the quantization parameter associated with the third real value and the quantization parameter associated with the third real value.

[0067] In an implementation, the sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols is derived based on a fourth real-valued sequence,

[0068] wherein the fourth real-valued sequence is derived based on the first real value sequence and a first vector,

[0069] wherein, the first vector includes k elements, and k is an integer greater than 1.

[0070] In an implementation, every k real values in the fourth real-valued sequence correspond to every real value in the first real-valued sequence and are obtained by sequentially multiplying the every real value in the first real-valued sequence by an element in the first vector.

[0071] In an implementation, the method further comprising: receiving configuration information related to a parameter set related to modulation,

[0072] the parameter set includes at least one group of parameters related to modulation.

[0073] In an implementation, the method further comprising: receiving control information indicating a group of parameters related to modulation from the parameter set.

[0074] In an implementation, the configuration information includes the corresponding relationship between the at least one group of parameters and indexes, and the indication information indicates the index information of a group of parameters among the at least one group of parameters.

[0075] In an implementation, the parameters related to modulation comprise at least one of: a phase-related parameter, an amplitude-related parameter, a phase-related first weight parameter, an amplitude-related second weight parameter, a phase quantization parameter, an amplitude quantization parameter, a first vector-related information.

[0076] In an implementation, obtaining a first real-valued sequence based on a source signal comprises: inputting the source signal into a neural network model to obtain the first real-valued sequence.

[0077] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a communication device, including:

[0078] obtaining a first sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols associated with CSI, wherein the first sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols correspond to S subcarriers of T symbols, and T and S are positive integers;

[0079] for each of the T symbols, performing power normalization on a sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols corresponding to the S subcarrier of the symbol, to obtain a second sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols;

[0080] transmitting the second sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols.

[0081] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a communication device, including:

[0082] obtaining a first sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols associated with CSI, wherein the first sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols correspond to S subcarriers of T symbols, and T and S are positive integers;

[0083] for each of the T symbols, performing power normalization on a complex-valued modulation symbol corresponding to each of the S subcarriers of the symbol, to obtain a third sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols;

[0084] transmitting the third sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols.

[0085] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a communication device, including:

[0086] obtaining a first sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols associated with CSI, wherein the first sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols correspond to S subcarriers of T symbols, and T and S are positive integers;

[0087] for each of the T symbols, performing power normalization on a sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols corresponding to the S subcarriers of the symbol, to obtain a second sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols;

[0088] obtaining a fourth sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols based on a scaling factor related to power deviation and the second sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols, wherein the power deviation is the power difference between a subsequence of complex-valued modulation symbols of the second sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols corresponding to the S subcarriers of each symbol and the power average of the subsequence;

[0089] transmitting the fourth sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols.

[0090] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a communication device, including:

[0091] obtaining a first sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols associated with CSI through an encoder, wherein each modulation symbol in the first sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols is sorted according to priority;

[0092] performing priority-aware rate matching on the first sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols to obtain a second sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols;

[0093] interleaving the second sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols to obtain an uplink signal;

[0094] transmitting the uplink signal.

[0095] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a communication device, including:

[0096] for a first sequence of input values, randomly generating a first length parameter L smaller than the output length of an encoder, wherein L is a positive integer;

[0097] inputting the first sequence of input values into a decoder to obtain a first sequence of output values;

[0098] discarding the last L output values in the first sequence of output values to obtain a second sequence of output values;

[0099] performing normalization on the second sequence of output values to obtain an output signal;

[0100] transmitting the output signal.

[0101] In an implementation, the output signal is also superimposed with channel noise before being transmitted.

[0102] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a communication device, comprising:

[0103] a transceiver configured to transmit and / or receive signals;

[0104] a controller configured to control the communication device to perform a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0105] Hereinafter, embodiments of the disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0106] In describing the embodiments, descriptions related to technical contents well-known in the art and not associated directly with the disclosure will be omitted. Such an omission of unnecessary descriptions is intended to prevent obscuring of the main idea of the disclosure and more clearly transfer the main idea.

[0107] For the same reason, in the accompanying drawings, some elements may be exaggerated, omitted, or schematically illustrated. Further, the size of each element does not completely reflect the actual size. In the drawings, identical or corresponding elements are provided with identical reference numerals or different reference numerals.

[0108] The advantages and features of the disclosure and ways to achieve them will be apparent by making reference to embodiments as described below in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments set forth below, but may be implemented in various different forms. The following embodiments are provided only to completely disclose the disclosure and inform those skilled in the art of the scope of the disclosure, and the disclosure is defined only by the scope of the appended claims. Throughout the specification, the same or like reference numerals designate the same or like elements. Furthermore, in describing the disclosure, a detailed description of known functions or constitution incorporated herein will be omitted in the case that it is determined that the description may make the subject matter of the disclosure unnecessarily unclear. The terms which will be described below are terms defined in consideration of the functions in the disclosure, and may be different according to users, intentions of the operators, or customs. Therefore, the definitions of the terms should be made based on the contents throughout the specification.

[0109] Herein, it will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations, may be performed based on computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be loaded collectively onto at least one processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which perform through any one of, or in any combination of, the at least one processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for performing the functions specified in the flowchart block(s). These computer program instructions may also be stored in a non-transitory computer usable or computer-readable memory that may direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer usable or computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that perform the function specified in the flowchart block(s). The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a computer executed process such that the instructions that perform on the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus provide steps for executing the functions specified in the flowchart block(s).

[0110] Further, each block may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which includes one or more executable instructions for executing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the blocks may occur out of the order. For example, two blocks(or functions) shown in succession may in fact be performed substantially concurrently or the blocks may sometimes be performed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved.

[0111] As used in embodiments of the disclosure, a "~unit" may refer to a software element or a hardware element, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), which performs a predetermined function. However, the term including the word "~unit" does not always have a meaning limited to software or hardware. The "~unit" may be constructed either to be stored in an addressable storage medium or to execute one or more processors. Therefore, the "~unit" includes, for example, software elements, object-oriented software elements, components such as class elements and task elements, processes, functions, properties, procedures, sub-routines, segments of a program code, drivers, firmware, micro-codes, circuits, data, database, data structures, tables, arrays, and parameters. The components and functions provided by the "~unit" may be either combined into a smaller number of components and a "~unit," or divided into additional components and a "~unit." Moreover, the components and "~units" may be implemented to reproduce one or more central processing units (CPUs) within a device or a security multimedia card. Further, in the embodiments, the "～unit" may include one or more processors.

[0112] It should be appreciated that the blocks in each flowchart and combinations of the flowcharts may be performed by one or more computer programs which include instructions. The entirety of the one or more computer programs may be stored in a single memory device or the one or more computer programs may be divided with different portions stored in different multiple memory devices.

[0113] Any of the functions or operations described herein can be processed by one processor or a combination of processors. The one processor or the combination of processors is circuitry performing processing and includes circuitry like an application processor (AP, e.g. a CPU), a communication processor (CP, e.g., a modem), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a neural processing unit (NPU) (e.g., an artificial intelligence (AI) chip), a Wi-Fi chip, a Bluetooth® chip, a global positioning system (GPS) chip, a near field communication (NFC) chip, connectivity chips, a sensor controller, a touch controller, a finger-print sensor controller, a display driver integrated circuit (IC), an audio CODEC chip, a universal serial bus (USB) controller, a camera controller, an image processing IC, a microprocessor unit (MPU), a system on chip (SoC), an IC, or the like.

[0114] It will be appreciated that various embodiments of the disclosure according to the claims and description in the specification can be realized in the form of hardware, software or a combination of hardware and software.

[0115] Any such software may be stored in non-transitory computer readable storage media. The non-transitory computer readable storage media store one or more computer programs (software modules), the one or more computer programs include computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device individually or collectively, cause the electronic device to perform a method of the disclosure.

[0116] Any such software may be stored in the form of volatile or non-volatile storage such as, for example, a storage device like read only memory (ROM), whether erasable or rewritable or not, or in the form of memory such as, for example, random access memory (RAM), memory chips, device or integrated circuits or on an optically or magnetically readable medium such as, for example, a compact disk (CD), digital versatile disc (DVD), magnetic disk or magnetic tape or the like. It will be appreciated that the storage devices and storage media are various embodiments of non-transitory machine-readable storage that are suitable for storing a computer program or computer programs comprising instructions that, when executed, implement various embodiments of the disclosure. Accordingly, various embodiments of the present disclosure may provide a program comprising code for implementing apparatus or a method as claimed in any one of the claims of this specification and a non-transitory machine-readable storage storing such a program.

[0117] Hereinafter, the determination of priority between A and B in the present disclosure may refer to various actions such as selecting the one having a higher priority based on a predefined priority rule and performing an operation corresponding thereto, or omitting or dropping an operation corresponding to the one having a lower priority.

[0118] Hereinafter, "A or B" as described in the present disclosure may be understood as "A and / or B," which may include A, or B, or both A and B.

[0119] In addition, "at least one of A, B, and C" as described in the present disclosure may be understood to include A, or B, or C, or any combination of A, B, and C.

[0120] In addition, "at least one of A, B, or C" as described in the present disclosure may be understood to include A, or B, or C, or any combination of A, B, and C.

[0121] Furthermore, "A / B" as described in the present disclosure may be understood as "A and / or B," which may include A, or B, or both A and B.

[0122] Furthermore, "A, B" as described in the present disclosure may be understood as "A and / or B," which may include A, or B, or both A and B.

[0123] Furthermore, "A and B" as described in the present disclosure may be understood as "A and / or B," which may include A, or B, or both A and B.

[0124] Furthermore, "if condition A and condition B are satisfied," as described in the present disclosure, may not be limited to a case where both condition A and condition B are satisfied, but may be understood to include a case where either condition A or condition B is individually satisfied, both condition A and condition B are satisfied, or one or more additional conditions are satisfied in combination.

[0125] Furthermore, throughout this disclosure, ordinal terms such as "first," "second," "third," etc., (and similar qualifiers) are used merely to distinguish between different instances, occurrences, configurations, messages, stages, or aspects of elements, operations, or information as described herein. Unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the use of such ordinal terms does not itself require that the elements, operations, or information distinguished by these terms be structurally different, numerically distinct, or substantively dissimilar. For example, a "first signal" and a "second signal" may refer to instances of the same signal transmitted at different times or containing the same core information despite minor variations, or they may refer to signals with different content or characteristics, depending on the specific context. Similarly, a "first value" and a "second value" may represent the same magnitude but measured or applied in different circumstances, or they may represent different magnitudes. The interpretation should be guided by the specific technical context, function, and relationship described in the relevant portion of the specification and claims.

[0126] Furthermore, the terms "first ~", "second ~", etc., as described in the present disclosure with respect to various elements (e.g., information, objects, operation, sequences, or the like), should not limit those elements. These terms may only be intended to distinguish one element from another, and may not be intended to indicate a specific order. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element.

[0127] Furthermore, even if "first ~" and "second ~" are described in the present disclosure, it may be understood that element(s) referred to by "first ~" and "second ~" may be the same or different. For example, in case of element(s) being information, first information and second information may both be same information and, in some cases, are separate and different information.

[0128] In addition, the terms "if ~" and "in case that ~" as used in the disclosure or claims may be interpreted to include the meanings of "when (or upon) ~," "in response to ~," "based on ~," or "according to ~," and may be used interchangeably with these expressions. In addition, expressions other than those exemplified herein may also be used, as long as they have substantially the same meaning and do not impair the technical features of the present disclosure.

[0129] For example, the physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 (L1) signaling and may include downlink control information (DCI). In addition, the higher layer signaling may include a medium access control (MAC) control message, a radio resource control (RRC) signaling message, a non-access stratum (NAS) signaling message, or an application layer message. The RRC signaling message may be referred to as L3 (layer 3) signaling. It should be noted, however, that the higher layer signaling is not limited to the aforementioned examples.

[0130] In addition, the term "not perform" as used in the present disclosure or claims may, in context, be understood to mean that the corresponding step is omitted or skipped. Such a term may be replaced with other terms having the same or substantially equivalent meaning.

[0131] In addition, "transmitting a message including A and B" as described in the present disclosure, may be understood as encompassing both (i) transmitting A and B in a single message, and (ii) transmitting A and B separately via multiple messages (e.g., transmitting a first message including A and a second message including B). This interpretation may also apply to messages that include two or more items (e.g., A, B, C), transmitted either together or separately.

[0132] In addition, "transmitting a message including A and transmitting a message including B" may also be interpreted as transmitting a message including A and B in a single message.

[0133] In the specific embodiments of the present disclosure described below, terms or components included in the disclosure may be expressed in singular or plural form depending on the specific embodiments presented. However, such singular or plural expressions are selected appropriately for convenience of description, and the present disclosure is not limited to a singular or plural number of components. A component expressed in the plural form may be implemented as a single component, and a component expressed in the singular form may be implemented as multiple components.

[0134] The drawings or flowcharts described below illustrate exemplary methods that may be implemented according to the principles of the present disclosure, and various modifications may be made to the methods illustrated in the flowcharts of the present disclosure. For example, although illustrated as a series of steps, various steps in each drawing or flowchart may overlap, occur in parallel, occur in a different order, or be repeated. In other examples, any step may be omitted or replaced with another step.

[0135] The methods and apparatuses proposed in the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to each embodiment individually, but may also be applied in combination of all or some of the embodiments proposed in the disclosure. Therefore, the embodiments of the present disclosure may be modified and applied without significantly departing from the scope of the present disclosure, as would be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0136] In this case, even if certain wordings are described differently across embodiments, they may be used interchangeably or in substitution or in combination if their underlying concepts are equivalent. For example, for the same or equivalent concept, even if one embodiment uses the expression "A" and another embodiment uses the expression "B", such expressions may be understood interchangeably, in substitution, or in combination.

[0137] The terms used in the following description to refer to access nodes, network entities, messages, interfaces between network entities, various types of identification information, and the like, are provided merely for the convenience of explanation by way of example. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited to the terms described below, and other terms having equivalent technical meanings may also be used. Such terms may also be interchangeable with terms defined in any 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) technical specifications (TS) where appropriate.

[0138] Hereinafter, a base station is an entity that allocates resources to terminals, and may be at least one of a gNode B, an eNode B, a Node B, a base station (BS), a wireless access unit, a BS controller, or a node on a network.

[0139] Furthermore, the base station of the present disclosure may include a split architecture comprising a central unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU). In this structure, the CU is configured to process the higher layers of the control and user planes, while the DU is configured to process lower-layer radio resource functions. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be equally applicable to 5G base station architectures in which such CU and DU functional splits are implemented.

[0140] A terminal may include a UE, a mobile station (MS), a cellular phone, a smartphone, a computer, or a multimedia system capable of performing communication functions.

[0141] In the disclosure, a downlink (DL) refers to a radio link through which a BS transmits a signal to a UE, and an uplink (UL) refers to a radio link through which a UE transmits a signal to a BS.

[0142] Furthermore, hereinafter, 5th generation (5G) mobile communication technologies (e.g., 5G new radio (NR)), 6th generation (6G) mobile communication technologies may be described by way of example, but the embodiments of the present disclosure may also be applied to other communication systems having similar technical backgrounds or channel types. For example, newly evolved mobile communication systems developed after 5G and 6G may be included. Furthermore, based on determinations by those skilled in the art, the embodiments of the present disclosure may also be applied to other communication systems (e.g., Wi-Fi systems) through some modifications without significantly departing from the scope of the present disclosure

[0143] In the following description, the terms physical channel and signal may be used interchangeably with data or control signal. For example, the term physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) refers to a physical channel through which data is transmitted, but the term PDSCH may also be used to refer to the data itself. That is, in the present disclosure, the expression "transmit a physical channel" may be interpreted as being equivalent to the expression "transmit data or a signal via a physical channel."

[0144] Hereinafter, in the context of the present disclosure, higher layer signaling may refer to signaling corresponding to at least one or any combination of the following: master information block (MIB), system information block (SIB) or SIB M (M = 1, 2, ...), radio resource control (RRC), or medium access control (MAC) control element (CE), or a non-access stratum (NAS) signaling message, or an application layer message. The RRC signaling message may be referred to as L3 (layer 3) signaling.

[0145] In addition, L1 signaling may refer to signaling corresponding to at least one or any combination of signaling techniques using the at least one or any combination of the following physical layer channels or signaling: physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), downlink control information (DCI), user equipment (UE)-specific DCI, group-common DCI, common DCI, scheduling DCI (e.g., DCI used for scheduling downlink or uplink data), non-scheduling DCI (e.g., DCI not used for scheduling downlink or uplink data) physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), or uplink control information (UCI). The L1 signaling message may be referred to as a physical layer signaling.

[0146] Hereinafter, the expression that information is configured by the BS, as used in the present disclosure or claims, may, in context, be understood to mean that the terminal receives the corresponding information from the BS via a physical layer signaling or a higher layer signaling. Such an expression may be replaced with other terms having the same or substantially equivalent meaning.

[0147] Hereinafter, the operational principle of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0148] In order to meet the increasing demand for wireless data communication services since the deployment of 4G communication systems, efforts have been made to develop improved 5G or pre-5G communication systems. Therefore, 5G or pre-5G communication systems are also called "Beyond 4G networks" or "Post-LTE systems".

[0149] In order to achieve a higher data rate, 5G communication systems are implemented in higher frequency (millimeter, mmWave) bands, e.g., 60 GHz bands. In order to reduce propagation loss of radio waves and increase a transmission distance, technologies such as beamforming, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), full-dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antenna, analog beamforming and large-scale antenna are discussed in 5G communication systems.

[0150] In addition, in 5G communication systems, developments of system network improvement are underway based on advanced small cell, cloud radio access network (RAN), ultra-dense network, device-to-device (D2D) communication, wireless backhaul, mobile network, cooperative communication, coordinated multi-points (CoMP), reception-end interference cancellation, etc.

[0151] In 5G systems, hybrid FSK and QAM modulation (FQAM) and sliding window superposition coding (SWSC) as advanced coding modulation (ACM), and filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and sparse code multiple access (SCMA) as advanced access technologies have been developed.

[0152] The following description with reference to the accompanying drawings is provided to assist in a comprehensive understanding of various embodiments of the present disclosure as defined by the claims and their equivalents. It includes various specific details to assist in that understanding but these are to be regarded as merely exemplary. Accordingly, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the various embodiments described herein can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. In addition, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions may be omitted for clarity and conciseness.

[0153] The terms and words used in the following description and claims are not limited to the bibliographical meanings, but, are merely used by the inventor to enable a clear and consistent understanding of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the following description of various embodiments of the present disclosure is provided for illustration purpose only and not for the purpose of limiting the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0154] It is to be understood that the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to "a component surface" includes reference to one or more of such surfaces.

[0155] The term "include" or "may include" refers to the existence of a corresponding disclosed function, operation or component which can be used in various embodiments of the present disclosure and does not limit one or more additional functions, operations, or components. The terms such as "include" and / or "have" may be construed to denote a certain characteristic, number, step, operation, constituent element, component or a combination thereof, but may not be construed to exclude the existence of or a possibility of addition of one or more other characteristics, numbers, steps, operations, constituent elements, components or combinations thereof.

[0156] The term "or" used in various embodiments of the present disclosure includes any or all of combinations of listed words. For example, the expression "A or B" may include A, may include B, or may include both A and B.

[0157] Unless defined differently, all terms used herein, which include technical terminologies or scientific terminologies, have the same meaning as that understood by a person skilled in the art to which the present disclosure belongs. Such terms as those defined in a generally used dictionary are to be interpreted to have the meanings equal to the contextual meanings in the relevant field of art, and are not to be interpreted to have ideal or excessively formal meanings unless clearly defined in the present disclosure.

[0158] The various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to various communication systems, such as: global system for mobile communications (GSM) system, code division multiple access (CDMA) system, broadband code division multiple access (WCDMA) system, general packet radio service (GPRS), Long term evolution (LTE) system, LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) system, LTE time division duplex (TDD), universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) communication system, 5th generation (5G) system or new radio (NR), etc. In addition, the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to future oriented communication technologies.

[0159] FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless network 100 according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the wireless network 100 shown in FIG. 1 is for illustration only. Other embodiments of the wireless network 100 can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0160] The wireless network 100 includes a gNodeB (gNB) 101, a gNB 102, and a gNB 103. gNB 101 communicates with gNB 102 and gNB 103. gNB 101 also communicates with at least one Internet Protocol (IP) network 130, such as the Internet, a private IP network, or other data networks.

[0161] Depending on a type of the network, other well-known terms such as "base station" or "access point" can be used instead of "gNodeB" or "gNB". For convenience, the terms "gNodeB" and "gNB" are used in this patent document to refer to network infrastructure components that provide wireless access for remote terminals. And, depending on the type of the network, other well-known terms such as "mobile station", "user station", "remote terminal", "wireless terminal" or "user apparatus" can be used instead of "user equipment" or "UE". For convenience, the terms "user equipment" and "UE" are used in this patent document to refer to remote wireless devices that wirelessly access the gNB, no matter whether the UE is a mobile device (such as a mobile phone or a smart phone) or a fixed device (such as a desktop computer or a vending machine).

[0162] gNB 102 provides wireless broadband access to the network 130 for a first plurality of User Equipments (UEs) within a coverage area 120 of gNB 102. The first plurality of UEs include a UE 111, which may be located in a Small Business (SB); a UE 112, which may be located in an enterprise (E); a UE 113, which may be located in a WiFi Hotspot (HS); a UE 114, which may be located in a first residence (R); a UE 115, which may be located in a second residence (R); a UE 116, which may be a mobile device (M), such as a cellular phone, a wireless laptop computer, a wireless PDA, etc. GNB 103 provides wireless broadband access to network 130 for a second plurality of UEs within a coverage area 125 of gNB 103. The second plurality of UEs include a UE 115 and a UE 116. In some embodiments, one or more of gNBs 101-103 can communicate with each other and with UEs 111-116 using 5G, Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-A, WiMAX or other advanced wireless communication technologies.

[0163] The dashed lines show approximate ranges of the coverage areas 120 and 125, and the ranges are shown as approximate circles merely for illustration and explanation purposes. It should be clearly understood that the coverage areas associated with the gNBs, such as the coverage areas 120 and 125, may have other shapes, including irregular shapes, depending on configurations of the gNBs and changes in the radio environment associated with natural obstacles and man-made obstacles.

[0164] As will be described in more detail below, one or more of gNB 101, gNB 102, and gNB 103 include a 2D antenna array as described in embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, one or more of gNB 101, gNB 102, and gNB 103 support codebook designs and structures for systems with 2D antenna arrays.

[0165] Although FIG. 1 illustrates an example of the wireless network 100, various changes can be made to FIG. 1. The wireless network 100 can include any number of gNBs and any number of UEs in any suitable arrangement, for example. Furthermore, gNB 101 can directly communicate with any number of UEs and provide wireless broadband access to the network 130 for those UEs. Similarly, each gNB 102-103 can directly communicate with the network 130 and provide direct wireless broadband access to the network 130 for the UEs. In addition, gNB 101, 102 and / or 103 can provide access to other or additional external networks, such as external telephone networks or other types of data networks.

[0166] FIGs. 2a and 2b illustrate example wireless transmission and reception paths according to the present disclosure. In the following description, the transmission path 200 can be described as being implemented in a gNB, such as gNB 102, and the reception path 250 can be described as being implemented in a UE, such as UE 116. However, it should be understood that the reception path 250 can be implemented in a gNB and the transmission path 200 can be implemented in a UE. In some embodiments, the reception path 250 is configured to support codebook designs and structures for systems with 2D antenna arrays as described in embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0167] The transmission path 200 includes a channel coding and modulation block 205, a Serial-to-Parallel (S-to-P) block 210, a size N Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) block 215, a Parallel-to-Serial (P-to-S) block 220, a cyclic prefix addition block 225, and an up-converter (UC) 230. The reception path 250 includes a down-converter (DC) 255, a cyclic prefix removal block 260, a Serial-to-Parallel (S-to-P) block 265, a size N Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) block 270, a Parallel-to-Serial (P-to-S) block 275, and a channel decoding and demodulation block 280.

[0168] In the transmission path 200, the channel coding and modulation block 205 receives a set of information bits, applies coding (such as Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) coding), and modulates the input bits (such as using Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) or Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)) to generate a sequence of frequency-domain modulated symbols. The Serial-to-Parallel (S-to-P) block 210 converts (such as demultiplexes) serial modulated symbols into parallel data to generate N parallel symbol streams, where N is a size of the IFFT / FFT used in gNB 102 and UE 116. The size N IFFT block 215 performs IFFT operations on the N parallel symbol streams to generate a time-domain output signal. The Parallel-to-Serial block 220 converts (such as multiplexes) parallel time-domain output symbols from the Size N IFFT block 215 to generate a serial time-domain signal. The cyclic prefix addition block 225 inserts a cyclic prefix into the time-domain signal. The up-converter 230 modulates (such as up-converts) the output of the cyclic prefix addition block 225 to an RF frequency for transmission via a wireless channel. The signal can also be filtered at a baseband before switching to the RF frequency.

[0169] The RF signal transmitted from gNB 102 arrives at UE 116 after passing through the wireless channel, and operations in reverse to those at gNB 102 are performed at UE 116. The down-converter 255 down-converts the received signal to a baseband frequency, and the cyclic prefix removal block 260 removes the cyclic prefix to generate a serial time-domain baseband signal. The Serial-to-Parallel block 265 converts the time-domain baseband signal into a parallel time-domain signal. The Size N FFT block 270 performs an FFT algorithm to generate N parallel frequency-domain signals. The Parallel-to-Serial block 275 converts the parallel frequency-domain signal into a sequence of modulated data symbols. The channel decoding and demodulation block 280 demodulates and decodes the modulated symbols to recover the original input data stream.

[0170] Each of gNBs 101-103 may implement a transmission path 200 similar to that for transmitting to UEs 111-116 in the downlink, and may implement a reception path 250 similar to that for receiving from UEs 111-116 in the uplink. Similarly, each of UEs 111-116 may implement a transmission path 200 for transmitting to gNBs 101-103 in the uplink, and may implement a reception path 250 for receiving from gNBs 101-103 in the downlink.

[0171] Each of the components in FIGs. 2a and 2b can be implemented using only hardware, or using a combination of hardware and software / firmware. As a specific example, at least some of the components in FIGs. 2a and 2b may be implemented in software, while other components may be implemented in configurable hardware or a combination of software and configurable hardware. For example, the FFT block 270 and IFFT block 215 may be implemented as configurable software algorithms, in which the value of the size N may be modified according to the implementation.

[0172] Furthermore, although described as using FFT and IFFT, this is only illustrative and should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. Other types of transforms can be used, such as Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) functions. It should be understood that for DFT and IDFT functions, the value of variable N may be any integer (such as 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), while for FFT and IFFT functions, the value of variable N may be any integer which is a power of 2 (such as 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, etc.).

[0173] Although FIGs. 2a and 2b illustrate examples of wireless transmission and reception paths, various changes may be made to FIGs. 2a and 2b. For example, various components in FIGs. 2a and 2b can be combined, further subdivided or omitted, and additional components can be added according to specific requirements. Furthermore, FIGs. 2a and 2b are intended to illustrate examples of types of transmission and reception paths that can be used in a wireless network. Any other suitable architecture can be used to support wireless communication in a wireless network.

[0174] FIG. 3a illustrates an example UE 116 according to the present disclosure. The embodiment of UE 116 shown in FIG. 3a is for illustration only, and UEs 111-115 of FIG. 1 can have the same or similar configuration. However, a UE has various configurations, and FIG. 3a does not limit the scope of the present disclosure to any specific implementation of the UE.

[0175] UE 116 includes an antenna 301, a radio frequency (RF) transceiver 302, a transmission (TX) processing circuit 303, a microphone 304, and a reception (RX) processing circuit 305. UE 116 also includes a speaker 306, a controller / processor 307, an input / output (I / O) interface 308, an input device(s) 309, a display 310, and a memory 311. The memory 311 includes an operating system (OS) 312 and one or more applications 313.

[0176] The RF transceiver 302 receives an incoming RF signal transmitted by a gNB of the wireless network 100 from the antenna 301. The RF transceiver 302 down-converts the incoming RF signal to generate an intermediate frequency (IF) or baseband signal. The IF or baseband signal is transmitted to the RX processing circuit 305, where the RX processing circuit 305 generates a processed baseband signal by filtering, decoding and / or digitizing the baseband or IF signal. The RX processing circuit 305 transmits the processed baseband signal to speaker 306 (such as for voice data) or to controller / processor 307 for further processing (such as for web browsing data).

[0177] The TX processing circuit 303 receives analog or digital voice data from microphone 304 or other outgoing baseband data (such as network data, email or interactive video game data) from controller / processor 307. The TX processing circuit 303 encodes, multiplexes, and / or digitizes the outgoing baseband data to generate a processed baseband or IF signal. The RF transceiver 302 receives the outgoing processed baseband or IF signal from the TX processing circuit 303 and up-converts the baseband or IF signal into an RF signal transmitted via the antenna 301.

[0178] The controller / processor 307 can include one or more processors or other processing devices and execute an OS 312 stored in the memory 311 in order to control the overall operation of UE 116. For example, the controller / processor 307 can control the reception of forward channel signals and the transmission of backward channel signals through the RF transceiver 302, the RX processing circuit 305 and the TX processing circuit 303 according to well-known principles. In some embodiments, the controller / processor 307 includes at least one microprocessor or microcontroller.

[0179] The controller / processor 307 is also capable of executing other processes and programs residing in the memory 311, such as operations for channel quality measurement and reporting for systems with 2D antenna arrays as described in embodiments of the present disclosure. The controller / processor 307 can move data into or out of the memory 311 as required by an execution process. In some embodiments, the controller / processor 307 is configured to execute the application 313 based on the OS 312 or in response to signals received from the gNB or the operator. The controller / processor 307 is also coupled to an I / O interface 308, where the I / O interface 308 provides UE 116 with the ability to connect to other devices such as laptop computers and handheld computers. I / O interface 308 is a communication path between these accessories and the controller / processor 307.

[0180] The controller / processor 307 is also coupled to the input device(s) 309 and the display 310. An operator of UE 116 can input data into UE 116 using the input device(s) 309. The display 310 may be a liquid crystal display or other display capable of presenting text and / or at least limited graphics (such as from a website). The memory 311 is coupled to the controller / processor 307. A part of the memory 311 can include a random access memory (RAM), while another part of the memory 311 can include a flash memory or other read-only memory (ROM).

[0181] Although FIG. 3a illustrates an example of UE 116, various changes can be made to FIG. 3a. For example, various components in FIG. 3a can be combined, further subdivided or omitted, and additional components can be added according to specific requirements. As a specific example, the controller / processor 307 can be divided into a plurality of processors, such as one or more central processing units (CPUs) and one or more graphics processing units (GPUs). Furthermore, although FIG. 3a illustrates that the UE 116 is configured as a mobile phone or a smart phone, UEs can be configured to operate as other types of mobile or fixed devices.

[0182] FIG. 3b illustrates an example gNB 102 according to the present disclosure. The embodiment of gNB 102 shown in FIG. 3b is for illustration only, and other gNBs of FIG. 1 can have the same or similar configuration. However, a gNB has various configurations, and FIG. 3b does not limit the scope of the present disclosure to any specific implementation of a gNB. It should be noted that gNB 101 and gNB 103 can include the same or similar structures as gNB 102.

[0183] As shown in FIG. 3b, gNB 102 includes a plurality of antennas 370a-370n, a plurality of RF transceivers 372a-372n, a transmission (TX) processing circuit 374, and a reception (RX) processing circuit 376. In certain embodiments, one or more of the plurality of antennas 370a-370n include a 2D antenna array. gNB 102 also includes a controller / processor 378, a memory 380, and a backhaul or network interface 382.

[0184] RF transceivers 372a-372n receive an incoming RF signal from antennas 370a-370n, such as a signal transmitted by UEs or other gNBs. RF transceivers 372a-372n down-convert the incoming RF signal to generate an IF or baseband signal. The IF or baseband signal is transmitted to the RX processing circuit 376, where the RX processing circuit 376 generates a processed baseband signal by filtering, decoding and / or digitizing the baseband or IF signal. RX processing circuit 376 transmits the processed baseband signal to controller / processor 378 for further processing.

[0185] The TX processing circuit 374 receives analog or digital data (such as voice data, network data, email or interactive video game data) from the controller / processor 378. TX processing circuit 374 encodes, multiplexes and / or digitizes outgoing baseband data to generate a processed baseband or IF signal. RF transceivers 372a-372n receive the outgoing processed baseband or IF signal from TX processing circuit 374 and up-convert the baseband or IF signal into an RF signal transmitted via antennas 370a-370n.

[0186] The controller / processor 378 can include one or more processors or other processing devices that control the overall operation of gNB 102. For example, the controller / processor 378 can control the reception of forward channel signals and the transmission of backward channel signals through the RF transceivers 372a-372n, the RX processing circuit 376 and the TX processing circuit 374 according to well-known principles. The controller / processor 378 can also support additional functions, such as higher-level wireless communication functions. For example, the controller / processor 378 can perform a Blind Interference Sensing (BIS) process such as that performed through a BIS algorithm, and decode a received signal from which an interference signal is subtracted. A controller / processor 378 may support any of a variety of other functions in gNB 102. In some embodiments, the controller / processor 378 includes at least one microprocessor or microcontroller.

[0187] The controller / processor 378 is also capable of executing programs and other processes residing in the memory 380, such as a basic OS. The controller / processor 378 can also support channel quality measurement and reporting for systems with 2D antenna arrays as described in embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the controller / processor 378 supports communication between entities such as web RTCs. The controller / processor 378 can move data into or out of the memory 380 as required by an execution process.

[0188] The controller / processor 378 is also coupled to the backhaul or network interface 382. The backhaul or network interface 382 allows gNB 102 to communicate with other devices or systems through a backhaul connection or through a network. The backhaul or network interface 382 can support communication over any suitable wired or wireless connection(s). For example, when gNB 102 is implemented as a part of a cellular communication system, such as a cellular communication system supporting 5G or new radio access technology or NR, LTE or LTE-A, the backhaul or network interface 382 can allow gNB 102 to communicate with other gNBs through wired or wireless backhaul connections. When gNB 102 is implemented as an access point, the backhaul or network interface 382 can allow gNB 102 to communicate with a larger network, such as the Internet, through a wired or wireless local area network or through a wired or wireless connection. The backhaul or network interface 382 includes any suitable structure that supports communication through a wired or wireless connection, such as an Ethernet or an RF transceiver.

[0189] The memory 380 is coupled to the controller / processor 378. A part of the memory 380 can include an RAM, while another part of the memory 380 can include a flash memory or other ROMs. In certain embodiments, a plurality of instructions, such as the BIS algorithm, are stored in the memory. The plurality of instructions are configured to cause the controller / processor 378 to execute the BIS process and decode the received signal after subtracting at least one interference signal determined by the BIS algorithm.

[0190] As will be described in more detail below, the transmission and reception paths of gNB 102 (implemented using RF transceivers 372a-372n, TX processing circuit 374 and / or RX processing circuit 376) support aggregated communication with FDD cells and TDD cells.

[0191] Although FIG. 3b illustrates an example of gNB 102, various changes may be made to FIG. 3b. For example, gNB 102 can include any number of each component shown in FIG. 3a. As a specific example, the access point can include many backhaul or network interfaces 382, and the controller / processor 378 can support routing functions to route data between different network addresses. As another specific example, although shown as including a single instance of the TX processing circuit 374 and a single instance of the RX processing circuit 376, gNB 102 can include multiple instances of each (such as one for each RF transceiver).

[0192] The time domain unit (also called time unit) in this application may be: an OFDM symbol, an OFDM symbol group (consisting of multiple OFDM symbols), a slot, a slot group (consisting of multiple slots), a subframe, a subframe group (consisting of multiple subframes), a system frame, a system frame group (consisting of multiple system frames); it may also be in absolute time units, such as 1 millisecond, 1 second, etc.; The time unit may also be a combination of multiple granularities, such as N1 slots plus N2 OFDM symbols.

[0193] The frequency domain unit (also called frequency unit) in this application may be: a subcarrier, a subcarrier group (consisting of multiple subcarriers), a resource block (RB), which may also be called a physical resource block (PRB), a resource block group (consisting of multiple RBs), a bandwidth part (bandwidth part, BWP), a bandwidth part group (consisting of multiple BWPs), a frequency band / carrier, a frequency band group / carrier group; it may also be in absolute frequency domain units, such as 1 Hz, 1 kHz, etc.; The frequency domain unit may also be a combination of multiple granularities, such as M1 PRBs plus M2 subcarriers.

[0194] The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0195] The text and drawings are provided as examples only to aid the reader in understanding the present disclosure. They are not intended, nor should they be construed, to limit the scope of the disclosure in any way. Although certain embodiments and examples have been provided, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art, based upon this disclosure, that changes may be made to the embodiments and examples shown without departing from the scope of the disclosure.

[0196] Those skilled in the art will understand that, as used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," "the," and "the" may include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It should be further understood that the term "comprising" used in the specification of this application refers to the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, Integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof. It will be understood that when we refer to an element as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it may be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Further, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein may include wirelessly connected or wirelessly coupled. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes all or any units and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0197] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless specifically defined herein.

[0198] Those skilled in the art may understand that the "terminal", "terminal device" used here includes both devices that are wireless signal receiver, which are provided with only wireless signal receiver without transmission capability, and devices that are receive and transmit hardware, which are provided with receive and transmit hardware capable of bidirectional communication over a bidirectional communication link. Such devices may include: cellular or other communication devices with single line displays or multi-line displays or cellular or other communication devices without multi-line displays; a PCS (Personal Communications Service), which may combine voice, data processing, facsimile and / or data communications capabilities; a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) that may include a radio frequency receiver, a pager, Internet / intranet access, a web browser, a notepad, a calendar and / or a GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver; a conventional laptop and / or palmtop computer or other device that has and / or includes a conventional laptop and / or palmtop computer or other device that has a radio frequency receiver. "Terminal", "terminal device", as used herein, may be portable, transportable, installed in a vehicle (aeronautical, marine, and / or land), or adapted and / or configured to operate locally, and / or in a distributed fashion, at any other location in earth and / or space. "Terminal", "terminal device", as used herein, may also be a communication terminal, a web terminal, a music / video playing terminal, and may be, for example, a PDA, a MID (Mobile Internet Device), and / or a mobile phone with music / video playing function, and may also be a smart TV, a set-top box, or the like device.

[0199] The term "transmit" in the present disclosure may be used interchangeably with "send", "report", "notify", and the like without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0200] The text and drawings are provided as examples only to aid the reader in understanding the present disclosure. They are not intended, nor should they be construed, to limit the scope of the disclosure in any way. Although certain embodiments and examples have been provided, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art, based upon this disclosure, that changes may be made to the embodiments and examples shown without departing from the scope of the disclosure.

[0201] Cellular wireless communication systems (including 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, etc.) use source coding to compress and quantize the source (to obtain a bit sequence), and then perform channel coding to combat channel distortion, thereby achieving error-free transmission. 4G / 5G systems acquire baseband signal based on orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) waveform, the specific process includes: obtaining a bit sequence through source coding, obtaining an encoded bit sequence through channel coding, mapping the encoded bit sequence into a sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols through a modulation mapper; obtaining a frequency domain OFDM baseband signal according to the sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols. FIG. 4 illustrates a method for mapping an encoded bit sequence into a sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols using a quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation method, and also illustrates the constellation diagram of the sequence of modulation symbols corresponding to the method of modulation and mapping. The input of the above method of modulation and mapping is an encoded bit sequence, which is obtained by operations of quantizing the source and performing subsequent encoding, and the method of modulation and mapping may combat channel distortion and achieve error-free transmission. However, quantization in such method loses source accuracy, resulting in a limited amount of information delivered.

[0202] However, error-free transmission is not necessary in some scenarios. For example, pictures, speech, video, channel state characteristics (CSI), etc. Taking picture transmission as an example, the difference between a picture recovered with 100% accuracy and a picture recovered with 99% accuracy cannot be distinguished by the naked eyes. However, the efficiency of error-free picture transmission currently achieving 100% accuracy is limited. In order to transmit more information under limited bandwidth, the concept of semantic communication is proposed as one of the most promising technologies for next generation wireless communication. One characteristic of semantic communication is to guarantee semantically accurate transmission rather than syntactically error-free transmission. In semantic communication scenarios, how to achieve modulation and / or mapping of source signal is an urgent problem to be solved.

[0203] In a possible implementation, a joint source-channel coding semantic communication method may be used, in which the transmitted sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols is directly obtained from the source through a joint source-channel coding method, such a method greatly enhances the transmission efficiency. FIG. 5 illustrates the constellation diagram of the sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols obtained by such a joint source-channel coding method. Compared with traditional methods, in which complex-valued modulation symbols may only be mapped to fixed constellation points, the complex-valued modulation symbols obtained by such a method may be distributed at any position on the constellation diagram, so more information may be carried.

[0204] However, there are still some problems in realization of semantic communication with joint source-channel coding in practical systems. For example, distributing modulation symbols at any position on the constellation diagram will cause the peak-to-average ratio of the transmission timing waveform to be too large, making it impossible to fully increase the transmission power. For another example, when the channel undergoes deep fading, the large power difference between individual modulation symbols in the transmitted signal will also cause the distortion of different symbols to be inconsistent, reducing the accuracy of subsequent recovery of the source.

[0205] Advantageous Effects

[0206] The disclosure provides a method of modulation and mapping aiming at real numbers in communication system. The method may realize constant modulus modulation or quasi-constant modulus modulation, thereby reducing peak-to-average ratio of modulation signal and reducing power difference between modulation symbols. The present disclosure may enable higher power transmission in a communication system, and / or a smaller power difference between modulation symbols.

[0207] Several aspects of the technical solution of the present disclosure will be described below in conjunction with several example embodiments.

[0208] Embodiment 1

[0209] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method and device for modulation and mapping in a wireless communication system will be introduced,

[0210] The method determines a first real number sequence (or called a first real value sequence) according to the source through an encoding method, and obtains a sequence containing not less than one complex-valued modulated symbol through modulation and mapping on the first real number sequence, thereby realizing modulation of the signal.

[0211] In an implementation, the process of modulating the first real number sequence to obtain the sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols does not perform a quantization operation on phases of the complex-valued modulation symbols corresponding to real numbers in the first real number sequence, so that phases of the sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols may carry information corresponding to the first real number sequence to the greatest extent, or most of information of the first real number sequence is carried by phases of the complex-valued modulation symbols. For example, if phases corresponding to the first real number sequence are phases that may be continuously distributed, the phases of the sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols are also continuously distributed phases; If phases corresponding to the first real number sequence may be a set of discrete values that have been subjected to a certain degree of quantization, then a value range of the phases of the sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols is also the set of discrete values.

[0212] In another implementation, the process of modulating the first real number sequence to obtain the sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols may involve a quantization operation of the phase, such that phases of the resulting sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols are phases that have been subjected to a certain degree of quantization, but may still carry most of information of the first real number sequence, so that amplitude of the sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols carries no information of the first real number sequence, or carries only a small part of the information of the first real number sequence.

[0213] In an implementation, the first real number sequence may be modulated and mapped according to system configuration information. In an implementation, the first real number sequence may be modulated and mapped according to preconfigured or predefined parameter information. In an implementation, parameter information used for modulation and mapping may be determined according to control information. In an implementation, multiple sets of parameters (or parameter sets) related to modulation and mapping may be preconfigured or predefined, and control information dynamically indicates which set of parameters or which parameters to use for modulation and mapping.

[0214] The process for modulation and mapping in the communication system of the present disclosure may occur in a user equipment (UE) or a network device. The communication process in the communication system of the present disclosure may include two parts, that is, the transmitting end modulates the signal and the receiving end demodulates the signal. The modulation method may be used for the transmission and / or reception of general downlink data, and / or the transmission and / or reception of general uplink data.

[0215] In the present disclosure, sequences are indicated by uppercase letters (e.g. F1, G1, etc.), lowercase letters (e.g. s1, v1, etc.) represent real numbers in a sequence. In the following description, real number and real value may be used interchangeably, and complex number and complex value may be used interchangeably. In the description of this disclosure, "modulation mapper" may refer to parameters, parameter sets, and / or configurations, etc. related to modulation or modulation and mapping, and may also be referred to as "modulator" and / or "mapper"; "Demodulation mapper" may refer to parameters, parameter sets, configurations, etc. related to demodulation or demodulation and mapping, and may also be referred to as "demodulator" and / or "mapper" / "demapper", etc. Similarly, other terms of "-er" may also refer to parameters, parameter sets, and / or configurations related to the corresponding function, etc., unless clearly determined otherwise from the context.

[0216] The method provided by the present disclosure may include one or a combination of the following operations:

[0217] The user equipment or network device (such as a base station, etc.) obtains a first sequence F1 containing no less than one real number for modulation and mapping according to the source sequence D1, specifically including one or more of:

[0218] -obtaining by a higher-layer functional entity a source sequence D1, which may be at least one of:

[0219] --a channel state matrix, an image signal, a voice signal, a video signal, a sampled analog signal, etc.;

[0220] --an image, a voice or video signal, that are source coded; or a compressed channel state matrix, etc.;

[0221] --a channel state matrix, an image signal, a voice signal, a video signal, etc. after domain transformation;

[0222] --a channel state matrix, an image signal, a voice signal, a video signal, a sampled analog signal, etc. after processing by a higher-layer functional entity, the processing including at least one of: cutting, aggregation, encryption, interleaving, etc.

[0223] -optionally, the user equipment may obtain a method for transforming the source sequence into the first sequence F1 according to configuration information (such as radio resource control (RRC) information) and / or control information (such as downlink control information (DCI)). Obtaining the method may mean obtaining parameters, or configurations, etc., related to the transformation from the source sequence into the first sequence, specifically, including one or more of:

[0224] --obtaining a method for transforming the source sequence into the first sequence F1 based on configuration information;

[0225] --obtaining a method for transforming the source sequence into the first sequence F1 based on control information;

[0226] -obtaining a first sequence F1 for modulation and mapping, according to the source sequence, and the first sequence is a real number sequence, where the method of obtaining the first sequence F1 may be at least one of:

[0227] --joint source-channel coding on the source sequence, source coding with anti-noise capability on the source, channel coding on the source, or source coding on the source, and / or channel coding associated with source coding on the source coded sequence, filtering of the source, compressing of the source, etc.;

[0228] --inputting the source sequence into a neural network with compression capability, inputting the source sequence into a neural network with coding capability, or inputting the source sequence into a neural network with joint source-channel coding capability, etc.;

[0229] The user equipment or network device passes the real numbers in the first sequence F1 through the modulation mapper one by one to obtain a sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols G1, specifically including one or more of:

[0230] -optionally, the user equipment determines the modulation mapper according to predefined information, configuration information (e.g. information configured by radio resource control (RRC)) and / or control information (e.g. information carried by downlink control information (DCI)), in particular including one or more of:

[0231] --the modulation mapper is predefined;

[0232] --determining the modulation mapper based on the configuration information;

[0233] --determining the modulation mapper according to the control information;

[0234] --obtaining a set including not less than one modulation mapper according to the configuration information, and determining a modulation mapper from the set according to the control information;

[0235] -The user equipment or network device maps a real number fnin the first real number sequence F1 (a sequence F1 or F2 is represented with [f1, f2, f3, ...,fN], where fn, n∈[1,N] denotes any real number in a sequence) one by one through the modulation mapper, according to the modulation mapper, to obtain a sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols G1 = [g1, g2,g3....gN]. Among them, the method of mapping real numbers through a modulation mapper to obtain complex modulation symbols includes: obtaining a second real number vnand a third real number snassociated with a real number fnin the first real number sequence F1 according to the real number fn, obtaining a phase of the complex modulation symbol according to the second real number vnand obtaining the amplitude of the complex-valued modulation symbol according to the third real number sn, wherein the real number in the first sequence associated with the second real number and the third real number may be obtained by a weighted sum of the second real number and the third real number. Specifically, the method of obtaining the second real number and the third real number based on a real number in the first sequence, and obtaining a complex-valued modulation symbol based on the second and third real numbers may be at least one of:

[0236] --According to a real number fn, obtaining a second real number vncharacterizing the phase of the complex modulation symbol, obtaining a third real number sncharacterizing the amplitude of the complex-valued modulation symbol, and the complex modulation symbol is obtained by the obtained phase and amplitude. The specific schematic diagram of the process of obtaining complex modulation symbols is shown in FIG. 6. Specific methods include one or more of:

[0237] ---According to a real number fn, determining that the second real number vnequals to the real number fn, determining that the third real number snis set to a constant, e.g., set to 1;

[0238] ---Determining value range transformation parameters for the second real number and the third real number. For example, the value range transformation may be such that the transformed second real number carries all or most of the information of the first real number, the transformed third real number carries little or no information of the first real number, or such that the PAPR of the complex-valued modulation symbol of the first real number is minimized. In an implementation, a value range transformation parameter set Υv=[γv1,γv2] may be determined for the second real number vn, and a value range transformation parameter set Υs=[γs1,γs2] may be determined for the third real number sn, to obtain the second real number norm(vn) and a third real number norm(sn) after value range transformation, the method of value range transformation may be norm , and norm ; In the following description, for convenience of description, the second real number vnbeing value range transformed by the value range transformation parameter set Υv=[γv1,γv2], and the third real number snbeing value range transformed by the value range transformation parameter set Υs=[γs1,γs2] is taken as exemplary and non-limiting description;

[0239] ---The method of obtaining the second real number norm(vn) and the third real number norm(sn) after value range transformation may also be performing normalization operations, such as max-min normalization, z-score standardization, log logarithmic function normalization, arctangent function normalization, L2 norm normalization, etc., on the second real number vnand the third real number snaccording to the value range transformation parameters. In some descriptions below, normalization is used as an exemplary and non-limiting description of value range transformation;

[0240] ---The user equipment determines a phase factor β and / or an amplitude factor α corresponding to the modulation mapper according to the configuration information and / or control information. Alternatively, the phase factor β and / or the amplitude factor α may also be predefined. For example, the phase factor β may be configured as , the amplitude factor α may be configured as ; In addition, in some implementations, the amplitude factor and the phase factor may also take other values. For example, the phase factor may be taken as 1 / θ, where θ is related to the phase range of the complex-valued modulation symbols, or the amplitude factor may be set to other values for power normalization; In the description of the present disclosure, for convenience of description, the phase factor β being , amplitude factor α being is described by way of example and not limitation;

[0241] ---Obtaining a second real number reflecting the phase based on a value range-transformed or normalized second real number norm(vn) and the phase factor, obtaining a third real number reflecting the amplitude based on the value range-transformed or normalized third real number norm(sn) and the amplitude factor, in the description of the present disclosure, as an exemplary and non-limiting description, the value range-transformed or normalized second real number norm(vn) and third real number norm(sn) may be divided by phase factor β and amplitude factor α, respectively, to obtain a second real number reflecting the phase and a third real number reflecting the amplitude;

[0242] ---Obtaining a complex-valued modulation symbol gncorresponding to the first real number fnaccording to the second real number reflecting the phase and the third real number reflecting the amplitude. In the description of the present disclosure, as an exemplary and non-limiting example, the method of obtaining a complex-valued modulation symbol gnby calculation may be gn= *cos( )+1j* *sin( ), wherein, characterizes a phase of the complex-valued modulation symbol gn, characterizes an amplitude of the complex-valued modulation symbol gn. Alternatively, may be replaced by vn, may be replaced by sn, for example, the second real number or the third real number may not be subjected to value range transformation or normalization, phase factor or amplitude factor processing, etc. A schematic diagram of the constellation diagram obtained by the modulation mapper by performing modulation and mapping on real numbers is shown in FIG. 7. As shown in FIG. 7, the complex-valued modulation symbols obtained by the modulation mapper have the characteristics of constant amplitude and continuous phase variation in angle space. Such modulation mapper may generate constant modulus signals in frequency domain, maximize the peak-to-average ratio of signals in time domain, improve the efficiency of power amplifier devices, improve the signal-to-noise ratio of signal transmission, and carry information in angle space at the most extent.

[0243] --According to a real number fnand weight information (for example, predefined weight information, or weight information determined by configuration information and / or control information), obtaining a second real number vncharacterizing the phase of the complex modulation symbol, obtaining a third real number sncharacterizing the amplitude of the complex-valued modulation symbol, and the complex modulation symbol is obtained by the obtained phase and amplitude. The specific schematic diagram of the process of obtaining complex modulation symbols is shown in FIG. 8. Specific methods include one or more of:

[0244] ---The user equipment obtains predefined weights γ1and γ2related to phase and amplitude, and / or obtains weights γ1and γ2from configuration information and / or control information, weightγ1is used for calculating by the real number fnto obtain a second real number vn, weight γ2is used for calculating by the real number fnto obtain a third real number sn. In an implementation, the weights satisfy γ1+γ2=1;

[0245] ---Obtaining the second real number and the third real number according to the weights γ1and γ2, in an exemplary and non-limiting description of the present disclosure, the second real number vnmay be obtained by calculating fn*γ1, the third real number snmay be obtained by calculating fn*γ2, conversely, based on the second real number vnand the third real number sn, the corresponding first real number fnmay be obtained based on the weights γ1and γ2. The method of obtaining the first real value through the second real number and the third real number according to the weight parameter may be: addition, weighted addition, weighted averaging, weighted higher-order moment, etc. The input real number associated with them may be obtained, for example, by adding them fn=vn+sn; determining a value range transformation parameter set Υv=[γv1,γv2] for value range transformation of the second real number vn, and a value range transformation parameter set Υs=[γs1,γs2] for value range transformation of the third real number sn, to obtain the second real number norm(vn) and a third real number norm(sn) after value range transformation, the method of value range transformation may be norm , and norm ;

[0246] ---The method of obtaining the second real number norm(vn) and the third real number norm(sn) after value range transformation may also be performing max-min normalization, z-score standardization, log logarithmic function normalization, arctangent function normalization, L2 norm normalization, etc., on the second real number vnand the third real number snaccording to the value range transformation parameters.

[0247] ---The user equipment obtains a predefined phase factor β and / or amplitude factor α, and / or determines a phase factor β and / or an amplitude factor αaccording to the configuration information and / or control information. As described above, for example, the phase factor β may be configured as , the amplitude factor α may be configured as ;

[0248] ---Obtaining a second real number reflecting the phase based on the normalized second real number norm(vn) and the phase factor, obtaining a third real number reflecting the amplitude based on the normalized third real number norm(sn) and the amplitude factor, in the exemplary and non-limiting description of the present disclosure, the normalized second real number norm(vn) and third real number norm(sn) may be divided by phase factor β and amplitude factor α, respectively, to obtain a second real number reflecting the phase and a third real number reflecting the amplitude;

[0249] ---Obtaining a complex-valued modulation symbol gncorresponding to the first real number fnaccording to the second real number reflecting the phase and the third real number reflecting the amplitude. In the description of the present disclosure, as an exemplary and non-limiting example, the method of obtaining a complex-valued modulation symbol gnby calculation may be gn= *cos( )+1j* *sin( ), wherein, characterizes a phase of the complex-valued modulation symbol gn, characterizes an amplitude of the complex-valued modulation symbol gn. Alternatively, may be replaced by vn, may be replaced by sn. A schematic diagram of the constellation diagram obtained by the modulation mapper by performing modulation and mapping on real numbers is shown in FIG. 9. As shown in FIG. 9, the complex-valued modulation symbols obtained by the modulation mapper have the characteristics that the amplitude changes in a certain small range and the phase changes continuously in the angular space. The modulation mapper may generate quasi-constant modulus signals in the frequency domain, reduce the peak-to-average ratio of time domain signals to a certain extent, improve the efficiency of power amplifier devices, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of signal transmission, and it may also carry information to the maximum in the angular space and carry a small amount of information in the amplitude domain. In an implementation, the value range of the amplitude of the obtained complex-valued modulation symbols is within a certain amplitude range, and the lower limit of the amplitude range may be 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, or 0.5. For example, the lower limit of the value range may be related to the peak-to-average ratio.

[0250] --According to a real number fnand weight information and quantization information (for example, predefined weight information and / or quantization information, and / or weight information and / or quantization information determined by configuration information and / or control information), obtaining a second real number vncharacterizing the phase of the complex modulation symbol, obtaining a third real number sncharacterizing the amplitude of the complex-valued modulation symbol, and the complex modulation symbol is obtained by the obtained phase and amplitude. The specific schematic diagram of the process of obtaining complex modulation symbols is shown in FIG. 10. Specific methods include one or more of:

[0251] ---The user equipment obtains predefined weights γ1and γ2, and / or obtains weights γ1and γ2from configuration information and / or control information, weight γ1is used for calculating by the real number fnto obtain a second real number vn, weight γ2is used for calculating by the real number fnto obtain a third real number sn. For example, the determined weights satisfy γ1+γ2=1;

[0252] ---Obtaining the second real number and the third real number according to the weights γ1and γ2, in an exemplary and non-limiting description of the present disclosure, the second real number vnmay be obtained by calculating fn*γ1, the third real number snmay be obtained by calculating fn*γ2, conversely, based on the second real number vnand the third real number sn, the corresponding first real number fnmay be obtained based on the weights γ1and γ2, For example, the input real number associated with them may be obtained, for example, by adding them;

[0253] ---determining a value range transformation parameter set Υv=[γv1,γv2] for value range transformation of the second real number vn, and a value range transformation parameter set Υs=[γs1,γs2] for value range transformation of the third real number sn, to obtain the second real number norm(vn) and a third real number norm(sn) after value range transformation, the method of value range transformation may be norm , and norm ;

[0254] ---The method of obtaining the second real number norm(vn) and the third real number norm(sn) after value range transformation may also be performing max-min normalization, z-score standardization, log logarithmic function normalization, arctangent function normalization, L2 norm normalization, etc., on the second real number vnand the third real number snaccording to the value range transformation parameters.

[0255] ---The user equipment obtains a predefined phase quantization parameter and / or amplitude quantization parameter and / or determines the phase quantization parameter δvand / or the amplitude quantization parameter δsfrom configuration information and / or control information;

[0256] ---According to the determined quantization parameters, the normalized second real number norm(vn) and / or the normalized third real number norm(sn) are subjected to quantization processing to obtain a quantized second real number quant(vn) and / or a quantized third real number quant(sn), for example, the method of quantization processing for the phase may be to calculate , the method of quantization processing for the amplitude may be to calculate , wherein,Φ(x) characterizes the quantization or rounding operation on x, which may be rounding, ceiling, floor, etc.;

[0257] ---Optionally, only the amplitude may be quantized, which has the benefit of maximizing the amount of information carried in the angle space where the phase exists, and further reducing the peak-to-average ratio of the time domain signal by quantizing the amplitude, improving the efficiency of the power amplifier device, and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of signal transmission;

[0258] ---The user equipment obtains a predefined phase factor β and / or amplitude factor α, and / or determines a phase factor β and / or an amplitude factorαaccording to the configuration information and / or control information. As described above, for example, the phase factor β may be configured as , the amplitude factor α may be configured as ;

[0259] ---The second real number reflecting the phase is obtained based on the normalized second real number or the quantized second real number and the phase factor. In an exemplary and non-limiting description of the present disclosure, the normalized second real number norm(vn) or the quantized second real number quant(vn) may be divided by the phase factor β, to obtain the second real number reflecting the phase or ;

[0260] ---The third real number reflecting the amplitude is obtained based on the normalized third real number or the quantized third real number and the amplitude factor. In an exemplary and non-limiting description of the present disclosure, the normalized third real number norm(sn) or the quantized third real number quant(sn) may be divided by the amplitude factor α, to obtain the third real number reflecting the amplitude or ;

[0261] ---Obtaining a complex-valued modulation symbol gncorresponding to the first real number fnaccording to the second real number reflecting the phase and the third real number reflecting the amplitude. In the description of the present disclosure, as an exemplary and non-limiting example, the method of obtaining a complex-valued modulation symbol gnby calculation may be gn= *cos( )+1j* *sin( ), wherein, characterizes a phase of the complex-valued modulation symbol gn, characterizes an amplitude of the complex-valued modulation symbol gn. Alternatively, as described above, may be replaced by vn, may be replaced by sn. Considering quantization with δs=3 of the amplitude, a schematic diagram of the constellation diagram obtained by the modulation mapper by performing modulation and mapping on real numbers is shown in FIG. 11. The complex-valued modulation symbols obtained by the modulation mapper have the characteristics that the amplitude changes among fixed points and the phase changes continuously in the angular space. The modulation mapper may generate quasi-constant modulus signals in the frequency domain, reduce the peak-to-average ratio of time domain signals to a certain extent, improve the efficiency of power amplifier devices, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of signal transmission, and it may also carry information to the maximum in the angular space and carry a small amount of information in the amplitude domain.

[0262] According to the received sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols , the user equipment or network device passed the real numbers in through the demodulation mapper one by one to recover the received first real number sequence , in particular, comprising one or more of:

[0263] -The user equipment determines the demodulation mapper according to predefined information, configuration information and / or control information, specifically including one or more of:

[0264] --the demodulation mapper is predefined;

[0265] --determining a demodulation mapper based on the configuration information;

[0266] --determining a demodulation mapper according to the control information;

[0267] --obtaining a set of not less than one demodulation mapper according to the configuration information, and determining a demodulation mapper from the set according to the control information;

[0268] -According to the received first sequence = , ( , n∈[1,N] represents any complex number in the sequence ), the complex-valued modulation symbols in the sequence are passed through the determined demodulation mapper one by one to obtain the received first real number sequence , in particular, comprising one or more of:

[0269] --The user equipment determines the phase factor β and / or the amplitude factor α corresponding to the demodulation mapper according to the configuration information and / or control information; Alternatively, the phase factor and / or amplitude factor may also be predefined;

[0270] --Determining a first receive phase and a first received amplitude according to the received complex-valued modulation symbol . For example, the method to obtain the first received phase is to perform an arc tangent operation on the ratio of the imaginary part to the real part of , that is,acrtan , the method to obtain the first received amplitude is to perform an absolute value operation on the imaginary part and the real part of , that is, ;

[0271] --Obtaining a second received phase and / or a second received amplitude according to the phase factor β and / or the amplitude factor α, e.g. by multiplying the first received phase and the phase factor to obtain the second received phase , by multiplying the first received amplitude and the amplitude factor to obtain the second received amplitude ;

[0272] --Determining a normalization configuration, the second receive phase is de-normalized to obtain a third receive phase , the second received amplitude is de-normalized to obtain a third receive amplitude ;

[0273] --Recovering the real number carrying the source according to the third receive phase and the third received amplitude ;

[0274] According to the received first real number sequence , the user equipment or the network device recovers the received source sequence , in particular, comprising one or more of:

[0275] -The user equipment obtains the method for recovering the received source sequence by the received first real number sequence according to the configuration information and / or control information, in particular, comprising one or more of:

[0276] --Obtaining the method for transforming the received first real number sequence to the received source sequence , according to the configuration information;

[0277] --Obtaining the method for transforming the received first real number sequence to the received source sequence , according to the control information;

[0278] -Obtaining the received source sequence according to the received first real number sequence , wherein the method for obtaining the received source sequence may be at least one of:

[0279] --Performing joint source-channel decoding on the source sequence, performing source decoding with anti-noise capability on the source, performing channel decoding on the source, performing source decoding on the source, performing filtering on the source, or performing decompression on the source, etc.

[0280] --Inputting the source sequence into a neural network having decompression capability, inputting the source sequence into a neural network having decoding capability, or inputting the source sequence into a neural network having joint source channel decoding capability, etc.;

[0281] Embodiment 2: a method for splitting a real number sequence

[0282] This embodiment provides a method for obtaining the first sequence F1 for modulation and mapping based on sequence splitting.

[0283] The method provided by the present disclosure may include one or a combination of the following operations:

[0284] The user equipment determines a splitter according to predefined information, configuration information and / or control information. Similar to as mentioned above,"splitter" may refer to parameters, parameter sets, and / or configurations related to splitting,specifically, including one or more of:

[0285] -The splitter is predefined

[0286] -Determining a splitter based on the configuration information;

[0287] -Determining a splitter according to the control information;

[0288] -Obtaining a set of not less than one splitter according to the configuration information, and determining a splitter from the set according to the control information;

[0289] Obtaining a second sequence Q1 according to the source sequence D1, and then the first sequence F1 for modulation and mapping is obtained according to the second sequence Q1 through a sequence splitting method. Specifically, it includes one or more of:

[0290] -The method for obtaining the second sequence Q1 =[q1,q2,q3,…,qN] may be at least one of: performing joint source-channel coding on the source sequence, performing source coding with anti-noise capability on the source, performing channel coding on the source, performing source coding on the source, performing channel coding associated with the source coding on the source coded sequence, filtering on the source, compressing the source, etc.; inputting the source sequence into a neural network with compression capability, inputting the source sequence into a neural network with coding capability, inputting the source sequence into a neural network with joint source channel coding capability, etc.;

[0291] -Obtaining a sequence splitter and / or an associated split vector, wherein the split vector κ contains no less than two split weights [k1,k2…kN];

[0292] -Optionally, the split weights [k1,k2,…,kN] satisfy k1+k2+…+kN=1。

[0293] -Determining the sequence splitter, and use the sequence splitter to obtain the first sequence F1 according to the second sequence Q1, wherein the method of obtaining the first sequence F1 may be: multiplying each real number qnin the second sequence Q1 by the split vector κ, to obtain [qnk1,qnk2…], all the real numbers obtained by the above method form the first real number sequence F1; taking a split vector κ=[k1,k2] as an example, through sequence splitting, the first sequence F1 = [q1k1,q1k2,q2k1,q2k2,q3k1,q3k2…,qNk1,qNk2] is obtained.

[0294] Obtaining a second sequence according to the received first real number sequence , and then obtaining the received source sequence according to the second sequence by a real number combination method, in particular, comprising one or more of:

[0295] -Obtaining the received source sequence by the received first real number sequence may be at least one of the following methods: joint source-channel decoding, source decoding with anti-noise capability, channel decoding, source decoding, filtering, decompression, etc.; inputting into a neural network with decompression capability, inputting into a neural network with decoding capability, inputting into a neural network with joint source channel decoding capability, etc.;

[0296] -The user equipment determines the sequence splitter and determines the combination method corresponding to the sequence splitter according to predefined information, or configuration information and / or control information, wherein the function of the combination method is to restore the real number input to the splitter from no less than two split real numbers obtained by the spliter;

[0297] -Determining a combination method associated with the splitter, and obtaining a second sequence according to the first real number sequence = , the combination method is , wherein,lrepresents the length of the split vector; taking the split vector κ=[k1,k2] as an example, the method of obtaining a second sequence by the first real number sequence may be , finally resulting in the second sequence .

[0298] Embodiment 3: Dynamic configuration method of modulation mapper and sequence splitter

[0299] This embodiment provides a dynamic configuration method of a modulation mapper and / or a sequence splitter, wherein the user equipment dynamically determines the modulation mapper and / or the splitter according to configuration information and / or control information.

[0300] The method provided by this embodiment may include one or a combination of multiple operations as follows:

[0301] Obtaining, according to the configuration information, a set comprising not less than one modulation mapper and / or sequence splitter, in particular comprising one or more of:

[0302] -The user equipment receives configuration information (e.g., information configured through radio resource control (RRC));

[0303] -The user equipment obtains a set containing no less than one modulation mapper and / or sequence splitter according to the configuration information, and the method of obtaining may be that the user equipment extracts the indicated set from the local memory according to the indication of the configuration information, and the method of obtaining may also be that the user equipment obtains the set carried in the configuration information by parsing the configuration information;

[0304] -The set may be a set including parameters and corresponding relationship for no less than one modulation mapper, wherein the set may be:

[0305] --Including the index, phase factor β, amplitude factor α of the modulation mapper; For example, the corresponding relationship is shown in Table 1 below, and the obtained index 0 corresponds to the phase factor β(1) and amplitude factor α(1);

[0306] IndexPhase factorAmplitude factor0β(1)α(1)1β(2)α(2).........N-1β(N)α(N)

[0307] --Including the index, phase factor β, amplitude factor α, first weight γ1, second weight γ2of the modulation mapper; For example, the corresponding relationship is shown in Table 2 below, and the obtained index 0 corresponds to the phase factor β(1), amplitude factor α(1), first weight γ1(1), second weight γ2(1);

[0308] indexphase factoramplitude factorfirst weightsecond weight0β(1)α(1)γ1(1)γ2(1)1β(2)α(2)γ1(2)γ2(2)...............N-1β(N)α(N)γ1(N)γ2(N)

[0309] --Including the index, phase factor β, amplitude factor α, first weight γ1, second weight γ2and amplitude quantization parameterδsof the modulation mapper; For example, the corresponding relationship is shown in Table 3 below, and the obtained index 0 corresponds to the phase factor β(1), amplitude factor α(1), first weight γ1(1), second weight γ2(1), amplitude quantization parameter δs(1);

[0310] indexphase factoramplitude factorfirst weightsecond weightamplitude quantization parameter0β(1)α(1)γ1(1)γ2(1)δs(1)1β(2)α(2)γ1(2)γ2(2)δs(2)..................N-1β(N)α(N)γ1(N)γ2(N)δs(N)

[0311] -The set may be a set comprising parameters and corresponding relationship for no less than one splitter, wherein the set may comprise the index, the split vector κ of a splitter; For example, the corresponding relationship is shown in Table 4 below, and the obtained index 0 corresponds to the split vector κ(1);

[0312] indexsplit vector0κ(1)1κ(2)......N-1κ(N)

[0313] -The set may also be a set including parameters and corresponding relationship for no less than one joint scheme of modulation mapper and splitter, wherein the set may include the index, phase factor β, amplitude factor α, first weight γ1, second weight γ2, amplitude quantization parameter δs, split vector κ of the joint scheme; For example, the corresponding relationship is shown in Table 5 below, and the obtained index 0 corresponds to the phase factor β(1), amplitude factor α(1), first weight γ1(1), second weight γ2(1), amplitude quantization parameter δs(1), split vector κ(1);

[0314] indexphase factoramplitude factorfirst weightsecond weightamplitude quantization parametersplit vector0β(1)α(1)γ1(1)γ2(1)δs(1)κ(1)1β(2)α(2)γ1(2)γ2(2)δs(2)κ(2).....................N-1β(N)α(N)γ1(N)γ2(N)δs(N)κ(N)

[0315] -The set may also be a set comprising parameters and corresponding relationships for not less than one individual modulation mapper scheme, not less than one individual splitter scheme, and a joint scheme of modulation mapper and splitter, wherein the set may comprise the index, phase factor β, amplitude factor α, first weight γ1, second weight γ2, amplitude quantization parameter δs, split vector κ of the joint scheme; For example, the corresponding relationship is shown in Table 6 below, and the obtained index N + M corresponds to the phase factor β(N + M), amplitude factor α(N+M), first weight γ1(M), second weight γ2(M), amplitude quantization parameter δs(0), split vector κ(0), this approach may implicitly indicate the user equipment to use the joint scheme of modulation mapper and splitter;

[0316] Serial numberPhase factorAmplitude factorFirst WeightSecond weightAmplitude quantization parameterSplit vector0β(0)α(0)----1β(1)α(1)----.....................Nβ(N)α(N)γ1(0)γ2(0)--N+1β(N+1)α(N+1)γ1(1)γ2(1).....................N+Mβ(N+M)α(N+M)γ1(M)γ2(M)δs(0)κ(0)N+M+1β(N+M+1)α(N+M+1)γ1(M+1)γ2(M+1)δs(1)κ(1).....................

[0317] Determining a modulation mapper and / or a sequence splitter from the set according to control information, in particular comprising one or more of:

[0318] -The user equipment receives control information (e.g., downlink control information (DCI)) comprising an index for determining a modulation mapper and / or sequence splitter scheme;

[0319] -Based on the obtained index, determining the parameters of the modulation mapper and / or splitter scheme based on the set, and the method of obtaining the sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols G1 is implicitly determined.

[0320] Embodiment 4: Method for obtaining the first sequence based on joint source-channel coding

[0321] This embodiment provides a neural network-based joint source-channel coding method, which obtains the first sequence F1 based on the source sequence D1, and obtains the received source sequence based on the received first sequence . The method provided by this embodiment may include a combination of one or multiple operations as follows:

[0322] The user equipment determines the parameter information of the neural network-based joint source-channel coding model according to the configuration information and / or control information, specifically including one or more of:

[0323] -Determining parameter information for joint source channel coding based on the configuration information;

[0324] -Determining parameter information for joint source-channel coding according to the control information;

[0325] -Obtaining a set containing no less than one set of parameter information for joint source channel coding according to the configuration information, and determining the parameter information for joint source channel coding from the set according to the control information;

[0326] According to the encoder in the joint source-channel coding model, obtaining the first sequence F1 for modulation and mapping by the source sequence D1, specifically, including one or more of:

[0327] -The joint source-channel coding model includes an encoder and a decoder, the encoder and decoder are associated with each other, the structure of the encoder and / or decoder includes, but is not limited to, Auto-encoder, Denoising Autoencoder, Variational Autoencoder, adversarial neural network (GAN), Diffusion model, multilayer perceptron (MLP), convolutional neural network (CNN), deep neural network (DNN), recurrent neural network (RNN), restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM), graph neural network (GNN), deep belief network (DBN), bidirectional recurrent deep neural network (BRDNN), Transformer network, etc.

[0328] -The method of obtaining the first sequence F1 is to input the source sequence D1 into the encoder of the joint source-channel coding model to obtain the first sequence F1, which includes making changes associated with the input layer of the encoder to the source sequence D1, and the changes may be changes to the data format of the data in the source sequence D1, and dimensional conversion on the data structure of the source sequence D1;

[0329] According to the decoder in the joint source channel coding model, obtaining a received source sequence by the received first sequence , in particular, the method of obtaining the received source sequence is to input the received first sequence into the decoder of a joint source channel coding model;

[0330] The method of obtaining the encoder and decoder of the joint source-channel coding model may be obtaining by jointly training the encoder and decoder, specifically, including one or more of:

[0331] -The model structure during training is shown in the following figure, and the training architecture includes three parts: encoder, channel network, and decoder; Among them, the input of the encoder is the source sequence D1, and the output is the first sequence F1; The channel network is a neural network that distorts input information by imitating a real channel. The input of the channel network is a first sequence F1 and the output is a channel-distorted first sequence ; the input to the decoder is the channel-distorted first sequence and the output is the received source sequence . In some cases, the channel network may be a neural network that mimics a Gaussian channel, acting to add Gaussian noise to the complex-valued information.

[0332] -The training process is shown in the following figure, including inputting the source sequence D1 to the autoencoder for forward propagation, obtaining the received source sequence output by the decoder ; calculating a loss function based on the source sequence D1 and the received source sequence ; updating the weight of the auto-encoder by gradient descent based on the loss function according to the method of backpropagation; Wherein the loss function may be mean square error (MSE), normalized mean mean square error (NMSE), cosine similarity, or the like.

[0333] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, the configuration information includes at least one of information configured by the base station, indicated in received signaling, configured by the higher layer, and preconfigured. Further, it may be a set of configuration information obtained through the above method; It may also be multiple sets of configuration information obtained through the above method, and the UE or node may select a set of configuration information to use according to predefined conditions; It may also be a set of configuration information obtained through the above method, and the set of configuration information includes multiple subsets, and the UE or node may select a subset to use according to predefined conditions.

[0334] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided an auto-encoder architecture for channel state information (CSI) feedback. This architecture comprises an encoder deployed at the UE and a corresponding decoder located at the BS. The encoder is responsible for compressing the CSI and generating modulated symbols for transmission, while the decoder reconstructs the CSI from the received symbols. This auto-encoder framework performs joint source coding, channel coding, and modulation (JSCM), directly mapping the source CSI to complex-valued modulated symbols suitable for transmission over the physical channel, rather than separating source coding and channel coding / modulation.

[0335] The UE first estimates the downlink channel state, using CSI-reference signal (CSI-RS). From this estimated channel state, the UE extracts relevant features, which may involve various methods. For instance, it might compute precoding matrices using techniques like zero-forcing (ZF) or singular value decomposition (SVD), analogous to CSI feedback mechanisms in current 5G systems. Alternatively, the UE could transform the channel representation into a sparser domain, such as the delay-angle domain. In the present specification, it is considered obtaining CSI feature by computing precoder via SVD, to align with current 3GPP preference.

[0336] After that, the extracted CSI features are fed into the encoder network. The encoder processes these features to produce a latent representation, the latent representation usually consists of a vector of floating-point numbers. The latent representation is subsequently grouped into pairs, where each pair is interpreted as the real and imaginary parts of a complex value, thereby a sequence of complex values is obtained from the latent representation. The resulting sequence of complex values (for example, called a first sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols) is organized into TOFDMsubsets, denoted as , where t=0,1,...,TOFDM-1. Each subset = {s0,s1,s2,...,sS-1} contains S complex symbols, intended to be mapped onto S allocated subcarriers during the t-th OFDM symbol period, where TOFDMand S are positive integers, and are related to the dimension of CSI. Next, to comply with transmission power constraints, the power of the complex symbols within each subset is normalized, on a per-OFDM-symbol basis, as shown in equation (1):

[0337]

[0338] where the term represents the calculated average power of the symbols within the vector . This normalization ensures that the transmitted symbols meet power requirements. Finally, the real and imaginary parts of these normalized complex symbols (or called a second sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols) serve directly as the in-phase and quadrature components for modulation onto the corresponding subcarriers and subsequent transmission over TOFDMOFDM symbols. Here, it is omitted the PUCCH procedure, the related details can be obtained from the above description accordingly, and are not repeated here.

[0339] In the current implementation of the JSCM framework in the present disclosure, the autoencoder generates latent representations as floating-point numbers. These latent representations are paired and subsequently mapped to complex-valued modulated symbols intended for transmission. Power normalization is applied collectively across the entire bandwidth of complex symbols constituting one OFDM symbol. This strategy is employed to maximize the information carried by the wave, resulting in a constellation diagram whose powers approximate a Gaussian distribution as shown in FIG. 16, where I and Q represents the in-phase and quadrature components, respectively. This approach offers two principal advantages: 1) From an information-theoretic perspective, a Gaussian input distribution is known to approach the Shannon capacity limit for an AWGN channel, thereby maximizing theoretical data throughput; 2) This normalization permits the model to implicitly allocate power across symbols based on the semantic importance of the underlying latent features, effectively embedding a form of semantically-aware power control.

[0340] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method that involves power normalization on a per subcarrier per symbol basis to generate a constant amplitude, phase-only modulation scheme. Uplink transmissions in cellular systems predominantly utilize discrete Fourier transform-spread OFDM (DFT- s-OFDM) waveforms specifically to mitigate the high PAPR inherent in conventional OFDM. DFT-s-OFDM introduces a DFT precoding stage prior to the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT). This precoding stage effectively spreads the energy of each modulation symbol across the entire bandwidth, rather than confining it to a single subcarrier, which consequently lowers the PAPR of the time-domain signal. Nevertheless, the PAPR of the resulting time-domain DFT-s-OFDM signal remains directly correlated with the PAPR of the frequency-domain symbols input to the DFT precoder. Specifically, the ratio between the maximum and minimum power among these input symbols significantly influences the final PAPR. Consequently, the Gaussian-like constellation produced by the previously described per-OFDM-symbol normalization scheme, characterized by its substantial amplitude variations, inherently leads to a high PAPR when transmitted using DFT-s-OFDM. An extreme countermeasure involves normalizing the power on a per-subcarrier per-symbol basis, yielding a constant-amplitude, phase-only modulation scheme, which has a circular constellation diagram as shown in FIG. 17, where I and Q represents the in-phase and quadrature components, respectively. In details, each modulated symbol sk(where k=0, 1, …, S) within a subset = {s0,s1,s2,...,sS-1} is normalized by equation (2):

[0341]

[0342] Through the processing of the above equation (2), a complex-valued modulation symbol (for example, called a third complex-valued modulation symbol) subjected to power normalization per modulation symbol can be obtained. While this achieves the lowest possible PAPR, comparable to that of conventional quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) with DFT-s-OFDM, it incurs a substantial penalty in information-carrying capacity, potentially reducing it by nearly half.

[0343] To mitigate the high PAPR challenge arising from the Gaussian-like constellation while retaining the benefits of JSCM, the present disclosure proposes a modulation shaping strategy aimed at reconstructing the power variance of the transmitted symbols. This yields an annular-Gaussian modulation, characterized by a constellation where symbol power is concentrated within an annular region around the unit circle. The process commences with the initial per-OFDM-symbol power normalization, applied in the baseline Gaussian approach, ensuring the average power of all modulated symbols within each OFDM symbol is unity (1). Subsequently, while preserving the total power allocated to the OFDM symbol, the power variance among the constituent modulation symbols within the OFDM symbol is deliberately reduced. Specifically, given the set of complex symbols for OFDM symbol t resulting from the per-OFDM-symbol normalization obtained by equation (1), the corresponding annular-Gaussian modulated symbols can be obtained by the following equation (3)

[0344]

[0345] Here, ⊙ represents element-wise multiplication. The expectation is equal to 1 due to the preceding normalization step in Gaussian modulation. In the transformation described by equation (3), the core idea is to scale the deviation of each modulated OFDM symbol’s power from the established mean power. First, the power deviation, calculated as for each modulated OFDM symbol, is obtained. This deviation term represents the variance component of the power for each OFDM symbol relative to the mean power. Hence, it can be regarded as a set of modulated symbols with zero mean power. Then, this power deviation is scaled by a power-variance scaling factor αscale∈[0,1]. For example, the scaling factor αscalemay be configured by DCI or RRC, or for example, the scaling factor αscalemay be related to the distance between the UE and the base station or the transmit power required by the UE. For example, if the distance between the UE and the base station is large or the transmit power required by the UE is high, then αscalemay be set to a relatively small value. A smaller αscaleresults in a greater reduction of the power variance. Following the scaling of the power deviation, the unit mean power (i.e., equaling to 1) is added back, yielding the target power magnitude for each symbol in the annular-Gaussian constellation. Finally, to achieve this target power while preserving the phase of the original symbol, the original complex symbol via Gaussian modulation is multiplied by a real-valued scaling factor, derived from the root squared ratio of its target power to its original power. This element-wise multiplication ensures that the resulting annular-Gaussian symbols (which may also called a fourth sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols, where t=0,1,...,TOFDM) maintain the phase information of but possess modified magnitudes such that their squared magnitudes equal the calculated target powers. The constellation of the modulation symbols obtained by this method is similar to annular (or called Annular-Gaussian), as shown in FIG. 18, where I and Q represent in-phase and quadrature components respectively. FIG. 18 shows the constellation of modulation symbols obtained by the present solution when different scaling factors are used. In addition, it can be considered that the constellation shown in FIG. 16 corresponds to the case where the scaling factor is 1 in the present solution, and the constellation shown in FIG. 17 corresponds to the solution when the scaling factor is 0 in the present solution.

[0346] In 5G NR systems, the overhead associated with CSI feedback becomes fixed once a specific codebook is determined via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling. Subsequently, the base station (BS) allocates uplink resources to each user for CSI feedback, taking into account the prevailing uplink channel quality and the scarcity of available uplink resources. However, due to the dynamic nature of network traffic and channel conditions, assigning fixed resources per user for CSI feedback presents significant challenges, often leading to inflexibility in system resource configuration. Within the current JSCM paradigm, the output length of the model is typically fixed. Consequently, when the allocated uplink resources are insufficient to accommodate the entire sequence of modulated symbols corresponding to the model's output, transmitting only a portion of the latent features results in an incomplete latent representation at the receiver. This truncation severely impairs the quality of the reconstructed CSI.

[0347] To solve this problem, the present disclosure proposes an encoder architecture that generates latent sequence with inherent priority levels. This architecture enables a priority-aware rate matching scheme, allowing the JSCM framework to adapt flexibly to arbitrarily configured resource allocations. The core principle is to minimize the loss of critical latent information when puncturing occurs. This is achieved by implicitly structuring the specific latent representation during training, the specific latent representation is such that the most significant latent features are concentrated within the initial portion of the output sequence, while modulated symbols carrying less critical refinement information are placed later. In contrast to conventional communication systems that typically perform interleaving followed by rate matching (primarily for fading mitigation), the method of the present disclosure requires a specific processing order to leverage the learned priorities. Therefore, the present disclosure proposes that the UE first performs priority-aware rate matching on the generated modulated symbols, followed by interleaving.

[0348] Specifically, the rate matching process operates directly on the encoder's output sequence, the sequence intrinsically orders symbols by priority from the highest to the lowest. When puncturing is required (i.e., allocated resources are fewer than the nominal model output), modulated symbols are punctured sequentially starting from the lowest priority up to the required number. Conversely, when repetition is necessary (i.e., allocated resources exceed the nominal model output), modulated symbols are duplicated sequentially starting from the highest priority down to the lowest. This priority-aware rate matching ensures that the final set of transmitted symbols aligns with the available resources while preferentially retaining the most crucial CSI information.

[0349] We now detail the training methodology employed to realize an encoder capable of generating prioritized outputs. This method utilizes a data augmentation technique based on random-length puncturing to simulate the variable resource allocation during training. The objective is to implicitly train the model to structure its latent representation such that critical information is concentrated in modulated symbols less likely to be punctured, thereby maximizing information retention even when a portion of the output is discarded. During the training phase, for each input sample, a random puncturing length parameter Lpunct(for example, called a first length parameter) is generated, where Lpunctis less than the total number of output modulated symbols produced by the encoder. This parameter signifies the quantity of symbols to be notionally discarded. After the encoder generates the full sequence of output modulated symbols, the last Lpunctmodulated symbols are discarded. In an implementation, for example, crucially, the subsequent normalization step is performed only over the remaining unpunctured modulated symbols to ensure that transmission power is not allocated to those punctured ones. At the decoder, only the unpunctured modulated symbols are received. To maintain the structural integrity required by the decoder's input layer, zero-padding is applied at the positions corresponding to the punctured symbols. By adopting this training strategy, which mimics the targeted rate-matching behavior, the JSCM autoencoder learns to embed priority intrinsically within its output sequence, yielding the desired priority-aware model.

[0350] The present disclosure also includes a method of making the self-encoder experience channel distortion during the training process, specifically, passing the obtained modulation symbol of the encoder through the following equation:

[0351]

[0352] Where n represents Gaussian white noise. In an implementation, the input received by the decoder are modulation symbols that have undergone channel distortion. In this way, the training of the encoder and / or decoder can be more in line with the actual communication situation.

[0353] FIG. 14 illustrates a schematic structural diagram of a user equipment 1400 according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 14, the user equipment 1400 includes a transceiver 1401 and a controller 1402. The transceiver 1401 is configured to transmit data or signals and to receive data or signals. The controller 1402 is coupled with the transceiver 1401 and configured to perform control such that the user equipment 1400 performs a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In an implementation, the user equipment 1400 may also include a memory (not shown) on which computer-executable instructions are stored. When the instructions are executed by the controller 1402, the user equipment 1400 may perform at least one method corresponding to the above embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0354] FIG. 15 illustrates a schematic structural diagram of a base station 1500 according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 15, the base station 1500 includes a transceiver 1501 and a controller 1502. The transceiver 1501 is configured to transmit data or signals and to receive data or signals. The controller 1502 is coupled with the transceiver 1501 and configured to perform control such that the base station 1500 performs a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In an implementation, the base station 1500 may also include a memory (not shown), and computer-executable instructions are stored on the memory. When the instructions are executed by the controller 1502, the base station 1500 may perform at least one method corresponding to the above embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0355] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above illustrative embodiments are described herein and are not intended to be limiting. It should be understood that any two or more of the embodiments disclosed herein may be combined in any combination. Additionally, other embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made, without departing from the spirit and scope of the subject matter presented herein. It will be readily understood that the aspects of the present disclosure, as generally described herein, and illustrated in the figures, may be arranged, substituted, combined, separated, and designed in a wide variety of different configurations, all of which are contemplated herein.

[0356] Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and steps described herein may be implemented as hardware, software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such design decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.

[0357] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0358] The steps of a method or algorithm described herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor may read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal. In the alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.

[0359] In one or more exemplary designs, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. Storage media may be any available media that may be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer.

[0360] The above descriptions are only exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present disclosure, which is determined by the appended claims.

[0361] FIG. 19 is a block diagram of a terminal or user equipment (UE) 1900 according to an embodiment of the disclosure. FIG. 19 corresponds to the example of the terminal or UE of FIG. 3.

[0362] The terminal is an electronic device capable of wireless communication, may include a User Equipment (UE), a portable phone, a smartphone, a tablet, an Internet of things (IoT) device, etc., having various form factors, and may perform wireless communication with a base station (BS) through a wireless channel.

[0363] Referring to FIG. 19, the UE 1900 may include at least one transceiver (hereinafter, referred to as simply "transceiver") 1901, at least one processor (hereinafter, referred to as simply "processor") 1902, and at least one memory (hereinafter, referred to as simply "memory") 1903. According to at least one or a combination of methods corresponding to the embodiments described in the present disclosure, the transceiver 1901, the processor 1902, and the memory 1903 of the UE 1900 may operate. However, components of the UE 1900 are not limited to the exemplary components illustrated in FIG. 19. In another embodiment, the UE 1900 may further include additional components in addition to the above-mentioned components, or some components may be omitted. Further, in some embodiments, any combination of the transceiver 1901, the processor 1902, or the memory 1903 may be integrated in the form of one component.

[0364] The transceiver 1901 may be a communication circuit or communication circuitry that enables the UE 1900 to perform wireless communication with a node or an entity of a network. For example, the transceiver 1901 may enable the UE 1900 to transmit or receive a signal to or from a BS through cellular communication, or to transmit or receive a signal to or from another UE through cellular communication. For example, the transceiver 1901 may support at least one of various cellular communication technologies including 3rd generation (3G), 4th generation (4G), long term evolution (LTE), 5th generation (5G) NR, 6th generation (6G), and various cellular wireless communication technologies supported by the transceiver (1901) may include all subsequent generations of evolved wireless communications.

[0365] According to an embodiment, the UE 1900 may include a plurality of transceivers. For example, in the case of supporting evolved-universal terrestrial radio access-new radio (E-UTRA-NR) sual connectivity (EN-DC), the UE 1900 may include a first transceiver supporting the 4G LTE wireless communication and a second transceiver supporting the 5G NR wireless communication. According to another embodiment, in the case of supporting NR-dual connectivity (NR-DC), the UE 1900 may include a plurality of transceivers supporting the 5G NR wireless communication. According to still another embodiment, in the case of supporting near field wireless communication, the UE 1900 may separately include a transceiver supporting at least one standard in the group of wireless communication protocol standards as defined in the protocol standards for Bluetooth®, wireless local area network (WLAN) network (including institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11-2016 standard or its amendments, e.g., 802.11ah, 802.11ad, 802.11ay, 802.11ax, 802.11az, 802.11ba, and 802.11be, without being limited thereto).

[0366] According to an embodiment, the transceiver 1901 may include various circuit structures used to transmit or receive signals to or from a BS through a wireless channel. The signals may include control information and data. For example, the transceiver 1901 may include a radio frequency (RF) transmitter for up-converting and amplifying the frequency of a transmitted signal and an RF receiver for low-noise-amplifying a received signal and down-converting the frequency thereof. The transceiver 1901 may output a signal received through a wireless channel to the processor 1902 and may transmit, through a wireless channel, a signal output from the processor 1902.

[0367] The processor 1902 may control general operations of the UE 1900 according to embodiments of the disclosure. The processor 1902 may be implemented by one or more integrated circuit (or circuitry) (IC) chips and may execute various data processings. The processor 1902 may include at least one electric circuit, and may execute instructions (or a program, codes, data, etc.) stored in the memory 1903, individually, collectively or in any combination thereof. Further, the processor 1902 may include a single-core processor or multi-core processor, and may include a processor assembly including a plurality of processing circuits (circuitry) according to a specific implementation scheme.

[0368] The processor 1902 may be electrically, operatively, or communicatively coupled to the transceiver 1901 to control the transceiver 1901.

[0369] The processor 1902 may include at least one processor (or processing circuitry), and the at least one processor may perform the following operations individually, collectively or in any combination thereof. For example, the processor 1902 may include a communication processor (CP) configured to control communication operations and an application processor (AP) configured to control execution of an upper layer (for example, an application layer) . In a specific embodiment, at least a part of the processor 1902 may be included in one chip and the other part of the processor 1902 may be included in another chip. Otherwise, at least one processor may be included in another component, for example, the transceiver 1901 or the memory 1903.

[0370] The processor 1902 may perform or control or cause an operation of the UE 1900 for executing at least one or a combination of methods according to embodiments of the disclosure. For example, the processor 1902 may control operations of the UE 1900 for processing a downlink signal received from a BS or generating and transmitting an uplink signal to a BS. To this end, the processor 1902 may execute a computer program, codes, or instructions stored in the memory 1903, so as to control other components of the UE 1900 to enable execution of various operations.

[0371] The memory 1903 corresponds to a hardware storage device capable of temporarily or permanently storing information and may include one or more storage media. For example, the memory 1903 may include a memory assembly including one or more storage media. For example, the one or more storage media may include permanent memory, such as a hard drive, flash memory, or read-only memory (ROM), semipermanent memory, such as random access memory (RAM), cache memory, or a combination thereof.

[0372] The memory 1903 may be electrically, operatively, or communicatively coupled to the processor 1902 and may be accessed by the processor 1902.

[0373] The memory 1903 may store a computer program, codes, or instructions executable by the processor 1902. According to an embodiment, a computer program, codes, or instructions executable by the processor 1902 may be either stored in a single memory device or separated and distributedly stored in two or more memory devices. By executing the instructions stored in the memory 1903, the processor 1902 may perform various functions according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0374] According to an embodiment of the disclosure, operations of the UE 1900 may be caused to be performed based on execution of instructions (or a computer program or codes) stored in the memory 1903 by at least one processor (or processing circuitry) configured to execute the same individually, collectively, or in any combination thereof, based on processing circuitry that is not configured to execute instructions, and / or based on components of processing circuitry that is not configured to execute instructions.

[0375] FIG. 20 is a block diagram of a base station (BS) 2000 according to an embodiment of the disclosure. FIG. 20 corresponds to the example of the RAN node of FIG. 2.

[0376] The BS 2000 may perform wireless communication with at least one user equipment (UE) located within the area of the BS 2000 through a wireless channel.

[0377] Referring to FIG. 20, the BS 2000 may include at least one transceiver (hereinafter, referred to as simply "transceiver") 2001, at least one processor (hereinafter, referred to as simply "processor") 2002, and at least one memory (hereinafter, referred to as simply "memory") 2003. According to at least one or a combination of methods corresponding to the embodiments described in the present disclosure, the transceiver 2001, the processor 2002, and the memory 2003 of the BS 2000 may operate. However, components of the BS 2000 are not limited to the exemplary components illustrated in FIG. 20. In another embodiment, the BS 2000 may further include additional components in addition to the above-mentioned components, or some components may be omitted. Further, in some embodiments, any combination of the transceiver 2001, the processor 2002, or the memory 2003 may be integrated in the form of one component.

[0378] The transceiver 2001 may be a communication circuit or communication circuitry that enables the BS 2000 to perform wireless communication with a node or an entity of a network. For example, the transceiver 2001 may enable the BS 2000 to transmit or receive a signal to or from the UE X00 through cellular communication, or to transmit or receive a signal to or from another network entity through wireless communication. For example, the transceiver 2001 may support various cellular communication technologies including 3rd generation (3G), 4th generation (4G), long term evolution (LTE), 5th generation (5G) NR, 6th generation (6G), and various cellular wireless communication technologies supported by the transceiver (2001) may include all subsequent generations of evolved wireless communications. According to an embodiment, the transceiver 2001 may include various circuit structures used to transmit or receive signals to or from a UE through a wireless channel. The signals may include control information and data. For example, the transceiver 2001 may include a radio frequency (RF) transmitter for up-converting and amplifying the frequency of a transmitted signal and an RF receiver for low-noise-amplifying a received signal and down-converting the frequency thereof. The transceiver 2001 may output a signal received through a wireless channel to the processor 2002 and may transmit, through a wireless channel, a signal output from the processor 2002.

[0379] Meanwhile, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the BS 2000 may perform communication with a node or an entity of a network through wired or wireless communication. For example, the BS 2000 may perform wired or wireless communication with an adjacent BS, or a node or an entity of a core network through a backhaul network. Although not illustrated in FIG. 20, when the BS 2000 performs wired communication, the BS 2000 may further include a separate network interface for wired communication in addition to the transceiver 2001. The network interface may be referred to as network interface circuitry or communication interface circuitry.

[0380] The processor 2002 may control general operations of the BS 2000 according to embodiments of the disclosure. The processor 2002 may be implemented by one or more integrated circuit (or circuitry) (IC) chips and may execute various data processings. The processor 2002 may include at least one electric circuit, and may execute instructions (or a program, codes, data, etc.) stored in the memory 2003, individually, collectively or in any combination thereof. Further, the processor 2002 may include a single-core processor or multi-core processor, and may include a processor assembly including a plurality of processing circuits (circuitry) according to a specific implementation scheme.

[0381] The processor 2002 may be electrically, operatively, or communicatively coupled to the transceiver 2001 to control the transceiver 2001.

[0382] The processor 2002 may include at least one processor (or processing circuitry), and the at least one processor may perform the following operations individually, collectively or in any combination thereof. In a specific embodiment, at least a part of the processor 2002 may be included in one chip and the other part of the processor 2002 may be included in another chip. Otherwise, at least one processor may be included in another component, for example, the transceiver 2001 or the memory 2003.

[0383] The processor 2002 may perform or control or cause an operation of the BS 2000 for executing at least one or a combination of methods according to embodiments of the disclosure. For example, the processor 2002 may control operations of the BS 2000 for generating and transmitting a downlink signal to a UE or processing an uplink signal received from a UE. Otherwise, the BS 2000 may transmit or receive a signal to or from a neighboring BS, transfer a signal received from a UE to an upper node of the network, or transmit a signal transferred from an upper node of the network to a UE. To this end, the processor 2002 may execute a computer program, codes, or instructions stored in the memory 2003, so as to control other components of the BS 2000 to enable execution of various operations.

[0384] The memory 2003 corresponds to a hardware storage device capable of temporarily or permanently storing information and may include one or more storage media. For example, the memory 2003 may include a memory assembly including one or more storage media. For example, the one or more storage media may include permanent memory, such as a hard drive, flash memory, or read-only memory (ROM), semipermanent memory, such as random access memory (RAM), cache memory, or a combination thereof.

[0385] The memory 2003 may be electrically, operatively, or communicatively coupled to the processor 2002 and may be accessed by the processor 2002.

[0386] The memory 2003 may store a computer program, codes, or instructions executable by the processor 2002. According to an embodiment, a computer program, codes, or instructions executable by the processor 2002 may be either stored in a single memory device or separated and distributedly stored in two or more memory devices. By executing the instructions stored in the memory 2003, the processor 2002 may perform various functions according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0387] According to an embodiment of the disclosure, operations of the BS 2000 may be caused to be performed based on execution of instructions (or a computer program or codes) stored in the memory 2003 by at least one processor (or processing circuitry) configured to execute the same individually, collectively, or in any combination thereof, based on processing circuitry that is not configured to execute instructions, and / or based on components of processing circuitry that is not configured to execute instructions.

[0388] The UE or the base station may perform various communication procedures related to the control plane or the user plane by cooperating with one or more network entities based on wireless communication. For example, the UE may communicate with network entity such as an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) or a Session Management Function (SMF) via the base station, or the base station may perform at least one communication procedure by directly transmitting and receiving signals to / from, or relaying signals between, the network entities.

[0389] The structure of the above-described network entity will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0390] FIG. 21 is a block diagram of a network entity 2100 according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0391] The network entity 2100 may include an entity (apparatus, device, or server, etc.) that performs one or more network functions (NFs) or a part of a network function constituting a core network (e.g., a 5th generation (5G) core (5GC)) in a communication system. In this case, multiple NFs may be implemented within a single network entity, or a single NF may be distributed and implemented across a plurality of network entities. In addition, when an NF is implemented within the network entity, the NF may be implemented in the form of software, and in such a case, a program for operating the NF may be stored in memory of the network entity 2100.

[0392] A single NF may be implemented by one or more instances, which may be deployed on the same network entity or distributed across multiple network entities to operate. The instance may be a software unit that logically executes a specific network function, and may be implemented in a form that is decoupled from physical hardware resources. Further, one or more NFs may be implemented in the form of one network slice to operate to satisfy specifications required by a particular service.

[0393] The NF may include at least one of an access and mobility management function (AMF), a session management function (SMF), a local session management function (L-SMF), a user plane function (UPF), a local user plane function (L-UPF), a policy control function (PCF), a unified data management (UDM), a unified data repository (UDR), a network exposure function (NEF), a network repository function (NRF), an application function (AF), a network slice selection function (NSSF), a network data analytics function (NWDAF), a network slice admission control function (NSACF), an authentication server function (AUSF), or a data network (DN).

[0394] Referring to FIG. 21, the network entity 2100 may include at least one network interface 2101, at least one processor 2102 (hereinafter, "processor"), and at least one memory 2103 (hereinafter, "memory"). As described above, a NF may be implemented in the form of a physical device such as the network entity 2100, or may be virtualized and executed in the form of an instance. When implemented as an instance, the NF need not necessarily include physical components as illustrated in FIG. 21. In such a case, the instance may be logically represented as comprising one or more logical functional elements.

[0395] According to at least one or a combination of methods corresponding to the embodiments described in the present disclosure, the network interface 2101, the processor 2102, and the memory 2103 of the network entity 2100 may operate. However, components of the network entity 2100 are not limited to the exemplary components illustrated in FIG. 21. In another embodiment, the network entity 2100 may further include additional components in addition to the above-mentioned components, or some components may be omitted. Further, in an embodiment, the network interface 2101, the processor 2102, or the memory 2103 may be integrated in the form of one component.

[0396] The network interface 2101 is a collective term for a transmitter part of the network entity 2100 and a receiver part of the network entity 2100, and may be a communication circuit for transmitting or receiving a signal to or from a user equipment (UE), a base station (BS), or another network entity. Here, the communication circuit may include both a communication circuit for wireless communication and a communication circuit for a wired communication. For example, the network interface 2101 may include a circuit, logic, hardware, etc., configured to exchange a control plane message or a user plane message with a UE, a BS, or other core network entities through wireless communication or wired communication. The network interface 2101 may operate using various protocols (e.g., non-access stratum (NAS) protocol). The network interface 2101 may also be referred to, for convenience of description or depending on implementation, as communication circuitry, network interface circuitry, or a communication interface circuitry.

[0397] The processor 2102 may control general operations of the network entity 2100 according to embodiments of the disclosure. The processor 2102 may be implemented by one or more integrated circuit (or circuitry) (IC) chips and may execute various data processings. The processor 2102 may include at least one electric circuit, and may execute instructions (or a program, codes, data, etc.) stored in the memory 2103, individually, collectively or in any combination thereof. Further, the processor 2102 may include a single-core processor or multi-core processor, and may include a processor assembly including a plurality of processing circuits (circuitry) according to a specific implementation scheme. Further, it should be noted that, according to another embodiment, in a case where NF is implemented in the form of an instance, the network function may be not necessarily configured by physical hardware.

[0398] According to an embodiment, the processor 2102 may be electrically, operatively, or communicatively coupled to the network interface 2101 to control the network interface 2101.

[0399] The processor 2102 may include at least one processor (or processing circuitry), and the at least one processor may perform the following operations individually, collectively or in any combination thereof. In a specific embodiment, at least a part of the processor 2102 may be included in one chip and the other part of the processor 2102 may be included in another chip. Otherwise, at least one processor may be included in another component, for example, the network interface 2101 or the memory 2103.

[0400] The processor 2102 may perform or control or cause an operation of the network entity 2100 for executing at least one or a combination of methods according to embodiments of the disclosure. For example, the processor 2102 may control operations of the network entity 2100 for exchanging a control plane message or a user plane message with a UE, a BS, or other core network entities through wireless or wired communication, using various protocols (e.g., NAS protocol). To this end, the processor 2102 may execute a computer program, codes, or instructions stored in the memory 2103, so as to control other components of the network entity 2100 to enable execution of various operations.

[0401] The memory 2103 corresponds to a hardware storage device capable of temporarily or permanently storing information and may include one or more storage media. For example, the memory 2103 may include a memory assembly including one or more storage media. For example, the one or more storage media may include permanent memory, such as a hard drive, flash memory, or read-only memory (ROM), semipermanent memory, such as random access memory (RAM), cache memory, or a combination thereof.

[0402] The memory 2103 may be electrically, operatively, or communicatively coupled to the processor 2102 and may be accessed by the processor 2102.

[0403] The memory 2103 may store a computer program, codes, or instructions executable by the processor 2102. According to an embodiment, a computer program, codes, or instructions executable by the processor 2102 may be either stored in a single memory device or separated and distributedly stored in two or more memory devices. By executing the instructions stored in the memory 2103, the processor 2102 may perform various functions according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0404] According to an embodiment of the disclosure, operations of the network entity 2100 may be caused to be performed based on execution of instructions (or a computer program or codes) stored in the memory 2103 by at least one processor (or processing circuitry) configured to execute the same individually, collectively, or in any combination thereof, based on processing circuitry that is not configured to execute instructions, and / or based on components of processing circuitry that is not configured to execute instructions.

[0405] In one embodiment, a method performed by a communication device in a communication system is provided. The method includes obtaining a first real-valued sequence based on a source signal; obtaining a sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols of fixed amplitude based on the first real-valued sequence, wherein a phase of each complex-valued modulation symbol in the sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols is determined based on one real value in the first real-valued sequence.

[0406] In another embodiment, wherein the phase of each complex-valued modulation symbol is determined by transforming the first real value based on a weight.

[0407] In another embodiment, wherein a value range of the phase of each complex-valued modulation symbol is continuous.

[0408] In another embodiment, wherein the complex-valued modulation symbol is determined by: ，wherein, a represents a fixed amplitude of the complex-valued modulation symbol, represents the phase of the complex-valued modulation symbol, is a function of a real value in the first real-valued sequence corresponding to the complex-valued modulation symbol.

[0409] In another embodiment, wherein the sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols with fixed amplitude is derived based on a fourth real-valued sequence, wherein the fourth real-valued sequence is derived based on the first real-valued sequence and a first vector, wherein, the first vector includes k elements, and k is an integer greater than 1.

[0410] In another embodiment, wherein every k real values in the fourth real-valued sequence correspond to every real value in the first real-valued sequence and are obtained by sequentially multiplying the every real value in the first real-valued sequence by an element in the first vector.

[0411] In another embodiment, the method further comprises receiving configuration information related to a parameter set related to modulation, the parameter set includes at least one group of parameters related to modulation.

[0412] In another embodiment, the method further comprises receiving control information indicating a group of parameters related to modulation from the parameter set.

[0413] In another embodiment, wherein the parameters related to modulation comprise at least one of: a phase-related parameter, an amplitude-related parameter, a phase-related first weight parameter, an amplitude-related second weight parameter, a phase quantization parameter, an amplitude quantization parameter, a first vector-related information.

[0414] In another embodiment, wherein obtaining a first real-valued sequence based on a source signal comprises: inputting the source signal into a neural network model to obtain the first real-valued sequence.

[0415] In another embodiment, a communication device is provided. The communication device includes a transceiver configured to transmit and / or receive signals; a controller configured to control the communication device to perform the method described above.

[0416] Meanwhile, although specific embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail, various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of the present disclosure should not be limited to the described embodiments, but should be defined by the claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1.A method performed by a communication device in a communication system, comprising:obtaining a first real-valued sequence based on a source signal;obtaining a sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols of fixed amplitude based on the first real-valued sequence, wherein a phase of each complex-valued modulation symbol in the sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols is determined based on one real value in the first real-valued sequence.2.The method according to claim 1, wherein the phase of each complex-valued modulation symbol is determined by transforming the first real value based on a weight.3.The method according to claim 1, wherein a value range of the phase of each complex-valued modulation symbol is continuous.4.The method according to claim 1, wherein the complex-valued modulation symbol is determined by:wherein, α represents a fixed amplitude of the complex-valued modulation symbol,represents the phase of the complex-valued modulation symbol,is a function of a real value in the first real-valued sequence corresponding to the complex-valued modulation symbol.5.The method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the sequence of complex-valued modulation symbols with fixed amplitude is derived based on a fourth real-valued sequence,wherein the fourth real-valued sequence is derived based on the first real-valued sequence and a first vector,wherein, the first vector includes k elements, and k is an integer greater than 1.6.The method according to claim 5, wherein every k real values in the fourth real-valued sequence correspond to every real value in the first real-valued sequence and are obtained by sequentially multiplying the every real value in the first real-valued sequence by an element in the first vector.7.The method according to any of claims 1-6, further comprising: receiving configuration information related to a parameter set related to modulation,the parameter set includes at least one group of parameters related to modulation.8.The method according to claim 7, further comprising: receiving control information indicating a group of parameters related to modulation from the parameter set.9.The method according to any of claims 7-8, wherein the parameters related to modulation comprise at least one of: a phase-related parameter, an amplitude-related parameter, a phase-related first weight parameter, an amplitude-related second weight parameter, a phase quantization parameter, an amplitude quantization parameter, a first vector-related information.10.The method according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein obtaining a first real-valued sequence based on a source signal comprises: inputting the source signal into a neural network model to obtain the first real-valued sequence.11.A communication device, comprising:a transceiver configured to transmit and / or receive signals;a controller configured to control the communication device to perform the method according to any of claims 1-10.

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