APARELHOS PARA COMUNICAÇÕES SEM FIO EM UM DISPOSITIVO TRANSMISSOR E EM UM DISPOSITIVO RECEPTOR, E, MÉTODO PARA COMUNICAÇÕES SEM FIO EM UM DISPOSITIVO TRANSMISSOR

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A transmitting device may filter data tones (e.g., in edge subbands of an allocated frequency band) to achieve time domain windowing or shaping. Data tones of edge subbands of a configured frequency band may be filtered to shape a waveform such that it does not extend beyond symbol boundaries (e.g., does not result in emission leakage). In some examples, the transmitter may provide an indication of subband frequency domain shaping filters used to the receiver, to support demodulation on the receiver side. In some examples, the transmitter may indicate a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) comb structure (e.g., of the edge subbands) to the receiver, and the receiver may determine or estimate the filters of the subband frequency domain shaping based on the comb structure or the indication of the filters.

Description

1 / 127 “APPARATUS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS IN A TRANSMITTING DEVICE AND IN A RECEIVING DEVICE, AND, METHOD FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS IN A TRANSMITTING DEVICE CROSS-REFERENCES

[0001] The present patent application claims priority over US patent application No. 18 / 193,564, by Jiang et al., entitled SPECTRUM SHAPING AND SUBBAND ​​SPECTRUM SHAPING FOR TIGHT SPECTRUM CONFINEMENT AND TRANSCEIVER STRUCTURE, filed March 30, 2023, which is assigned to the assignee thereof and is expressly incorporated by reference in the present invention. FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

[0002] The following description refers to wireless communications, including spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure. BACKGROUND

[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, message exchange, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be able to support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth-generation (4G) systems, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-A advanced systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth-generation (5G) systems, which may be called New Radio (NR) systems. These systems Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 12 / 303 2 / 127 systems can employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multi-access communication system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication to communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE). SUMMARY

[0004] The techniques described refer to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatus that support spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure. For example, a transmitter device can filter data tones (e.g., in edge sub-bands of an allocated frequency band) to achieve windowing or time-domain shaping. The data tones of the edge sub-bands of a configured frequency band can be filtered to shape a waveform so that it does not extend beyond symbol boundaries (e.g., does not result in emission leakage). Additionally or alternatively, by filtering the sub-band edges, the noise between symbols can be reduced, allowing for stronger spectrum confinement. Such techniques can thus result in a Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 13 / 303 3 / 127 reduction in the size of the guard bands used between multiplexed signals or between carriers, since interference (e.g., noise) between symbols is reduced or avoided. Such techniques allow smaller guard bands (e.g., or no guard band) to also increase the efficiency and throughput of the spectrum, due to the greater availability of resources that would otherwise be allocated to guard bands. In some examples, the transmitter may provide an indication of sub-band frequency domain shaping filters used for the receiver, to support demodulation on the receiver side.In some examples, the transmitter may indicate a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) comb structure (e.g., from the edge sub-bands) to the receiver, and the receiver may determine or estimate the sub-band frequency domain modeling filters based on the comb structure or the filter indication.

[0005] A method for wireless communications in a transmitting device is described. The method may include communicating a control signal indicating an allocation of a frequency band having a first edge subband and a second edge subband, generating a first set of filtered data tones associated with the first edge subband and a second set of filtered data tones associated with the second edge subband using at least one subband spectrum shaping filter, and transmitting one or more waveforms via the frequency band based on the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 14 / 303 4 / 127

[0006] A device for wireless communications in a transmitting device is described. The device may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the device to communicate a control signal indicating an allocation of a frequency band having a first edge sub-band and a second edge sub-band, generate a first set of filtered data tones associated with the first edge sub-band and a second set of filtered data tones associated with the second edge sub-band using at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter, and transmit one or more waveforms via the frequency band based on the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones.

[0007] Another apparatus is described for wireless communications in a transmitting device. The apparatus may include means for communicating a control signal indicating an allocation of a frequency band having a first edge sub-band and a second edge sub-band, means for generating a first set of filtered data tones associated with the first edge sub-band and a second set of filtered data tones associated with the second edge sub-band using at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter, and means for transmitting one or more waveforms via the frequency band based on the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones.

[0008] A non-transient, computer-readable medium that stores code for communications is described. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 15 / 303 5 / 127 wireless in a transmitting device. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to communicate a control signal indicating an allocation of a frequency band having a first edge sub-band and a second edge sub-band, generate a first set of filtered data tones associated with the first edge sub-band and a second set of filtered data tones associated with the second edge sub-band using at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter, and transmit one or more waveforms via the frequency band based on the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones.

[0009] In some examples of the computer-readable non-transient method, apparatus and media described in the present invention, the transmission of one or more waveforms may include operations, attributes, means or instructions to transmit a DFT-S waveform via the first edge subband and the second edge subband and transmit an OFDM multiplexed waveform via a center subband of the frequency band.

[0010] Some examples of the computer-readable non-transient method, apparatus and means described in the present invention may additionally include operations, attributes, means or instructions for transmitting to a receiving device an indication of one or more filters associated with at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter.

[0011] Some examples of the method, apparatus and computer-readable non-transient medium described in the present invention may additionally include operations, Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 16 / 303 6 / 127 attributes, means or instructions for transmitting, to a receiving device, an indication of a bandwidth of the first edge sub-band, a bandwidth of the second edge sub-band, or both, associated with at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter.

[0012] In some examples of the method, apparatus and computer-readable non-transient medium described in the present invention, the transmission of one or more waveforms may include operations, attributes, means or instructions to transmit one or more waveforms according to a comb structure, where the transmission of one or more DMRS via a DMRS symbol may be based on the comb structure.

[0013] In some examples of the method, apparatus and computer-readable non-transient means described in the present invention, generating the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones may include operations, attributes, means or instructions to apply a first subband spectrum shaping filter to a first set of data tones associated with the first edge subband to generate the first set of filtered data tones and apply a second subband spectrum shaping filter to a second set of data tones associated with the second edge subband to generate the second set of filtered data tones.

[0014] Some examples of the method, apparatus and computer-readable non-transient medium described in the present invention may additionally include operations, attributes, means or instructions for applying one or more filters to a third set of data tones that may be associated with one or more central sub-bands of the band. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, p. 17 / 303 7 / 127 frequency.

[0015] In some examples of the method, apparatus and computer-readable non-transient medium described in the present invention, the application of the first sub-band spectrum shaping filter may include operations, attributes, means or instructions to convolve the first set of data tones with the first sub-band spectrum shaping filter to generate the first set of filtered data tones and where the application of the second sub-band spectrum shaping filter includes the convolution of the second set of data tones with the second sub-band spectrum shaping filter to generate the second set of filtered data tones.

[0016] A method for wireless communications in a receiving device is described. The method may include communicating control signaling indicating an allocation of a frequency band having a first edge sub-band and a second edge sub-band, receiving one or more waveforms via the frequency band and demodulating the one or more waveforms based on a first set of filtered data tones associated with the first edge sub-band and a second set of filtered data tones associated with the second edge sub-band, the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones corresponding to at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter.

[0017] A device for wireless communication in a receiving device is described. The device may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, p. 18 / 303 8 / 127 executable by the processor to make the device communicate a control signal indicating an allocation of a frequency band having a first edge sub-band and a second edge sub-band, receive one or more waveforms via the frequency band and demodulate the one or more waveforms based on a first set of filtered data tones associated with the first edge sub-band and a second set of filtered data tones associated with the second edge sub-band, the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones corresponding to at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter.

[0018] Another apparatus is described for wireless communications in a receiving device. The apparatus may include means for communicating a control signal indicating an allocation of a frequency band having a first edge sub-band and a second edge sub-band, means for receiving one or more waveforms via the frequency band, and means for demodulating the one or more waveforms based on a first set of filtered data tones associated with the first edge sub-band and a second set of filtered data tones associated with the second edge sub-band, the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones corresponding to at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter.

[0019] A non-transient, computer-readable medium is described that stores code for wireless communications in a receiving device. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to communicate a control signal indicating an allocation of a frequency band having a first edge sub-band and a second Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, p. 19 / 303 9 / 127 sub-edge band, receive one or more waveforms via the frequency band and demodulate the one or more waveforms based on a first set of filtered data tones associated with the first sub-edge band and a second set of filtered data tones associated with the second sub-edge band, the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones corresponding to at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter.

[0020] In some examples of the computer-readable non-transient method, apparatus and media described in the present invention, the reception of one or more waveforms may include operations, attributes, means or instructions for receiving a discrete Fourier transform scattering (DFT-S) waveform via the first edge subband and the second edge subband and receiving an orthogonal frequency domain multiplex (OFDM) waveform via a central frequency band subband.

[0021] Some examples of the computer-readable non-transient method, apparatus and means described in the present invention may additionally include operations, attributes, means or instructions for receiving, from a transmitting device, an indication of one or more filters associated with at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter, wherein the demodulation of one or more waveforms may be based on the indication of one or more filters.

[0022] Some examples of the computer-readable non-transient method, apparatus and means described in the present invention may additionally include operations, attributes, means or instructions for receiving, from the transmitting device, an indication of a width of Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 20 / 303 10 / 127 bandwidth of the first sub-edge band, a bandwidth of the second sub-edge band, or both, associated with at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter.

[0023] In some examples of the method, apparatus and computer-readable non-transient medium described in the present invention, the reception of one or more waveforms may include operations, attributes, means or instructions to receive, from a transmitting device, one or more waveforms according to a comb structure, where the reception of one or more DMRS via a DMRS symbol may be based on the comb structure.

[0024] Some examples of the computer-readable non-transient method, apparatus and means described in the present invention may additionally include operations, attributes, means or instructions for estimating at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter based on the DMRS comb structure, wherein the demodulation of one or more waveforms may be based on at least one estimated sub-band spectrum shaping filter.

[0025] In some examples of the computer-readable non-transient method, apparatus and medium described in the present invention, the demodulation of one or more waveforms may include operations, attributes, means or instructions to perform an interference equalization procedure between carriers in the first set of filtered data tones and in the second set of filtered data tones.

[0026] In some examples of the method, apparatus and computer-readable non-transient medium described in the present invention, the demodulation of one or more waveforms may include operations, attributes, means or instructions. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 21 / 303 11 / 127 to perform a mean squared estimation procedure on the first set of filtered data shades and the second set of filtered data shades. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 3 illustrates an example of a spectrum confinement scheme that supports spectrum modeling and sub-band spectrum modeling for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 4 illustrates an example of a waveform design scheme that supports spectrum modeling and sub-band spectrum modeling for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 5 illustrates an example of a flowchart that supports spectrum modeling and sub-band spectrum modeling for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0032] Figure 6 illustrates an example of a Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 22 / 303 12 / 127 flowchart supporting spectrum modeling and sub-band spectrum modeling for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0033] Figure 7 illustrates an example of a flowchart that supports spectrum modeling and sub-band spectrum modeling for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0034] Figure 8 illustrates an example of a flowchart that supports spectrum modeling and sub-band spectrum modeling for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 9 illustrates an example of a flowchart that supports spectrum modeling and sub-band spectrum modeling for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0036] Figure 10 illustrates an example of a process flow that supports spectrum modeling and sub-band spectrum modeling for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figures 11 and 12 illustrate device block diagrams supporting spectrum modeling and sub-band spectrum modeling for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0038] Figure 13 illustrates a diagram of Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 23 / 303 13 / 127 blocks of a communications manager that supports spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0039] Figure 14 illustrates a diagram of a system including a device that supports spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0040] Figures 15 and 16 illustrate device block diagrams supporting spectrum modeling and sub-band spectrum modeling for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0041] Figure 17 illustrates a block diagram of a communications manager that supports spectrum modeling and sub-band spectrum modeling for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0042] Figure 18 illustrates a diagram of a system including a device that supports spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0043] Figures 19 to 22 illustrate flowcharts showing methods that support spectrum modeling and sub-band spectrum modeling for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 24 / 303 14 / 127 more aspects of this disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] Wireless communications can support various waveforms and multi-access designs. However, some waveforms or designs may not support wireless communications in some use cases. For example, waveforms that result in high throughput and limited interference for one use case (e.g., half-duplex signaling) may result in increased interference and leakage of emissions across time-slot boundaries in other use cases (e.g., full-duplex signaling). Thus, in some use cases, such as full-duplex signaling, wireless communications may suffer from degraded reliability and increased interference.

[0045] The waveforms and filters described in the present invention support stronger spectrum confinement compatible with various waveform designs, resulting in less emission leakage across symbol boundaries. For example, a transmitting device can filter data tones (e.g., in edge subbands) to achieve windowing or shaping in the time domain. The data tones of the edge subbands of an allocated frequency band can be filtered to shape a time-domain waveform to reduce emission leakage across symbol boundaries. Additionally or alternatively, by filtering the subband edges, the noise between symbols can be reduced, allowing for stronger spectrum confinement. Such techniques can thus result in a decrease in the size of the shielding bands used between signals multiplexed together or Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 25 / 303 15 / 127 between carriers, since interference (e.g., noise) between symbols is reduced or avoided. Such techniques allow smaller guard bands (e.g., or no guard band) to also increase spectrum efficiency and throughput, due to the greater availability of resources that would otherwise be allocated to guard bands.

[0046] In some examples, the transmitter may provide an indication of sub-band frequency domain shaping filters used for the receiver to support demodulation on the receiver side. In some examples, the transmitter may indicate a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) comb structure (e.g., of the edge sub-bands) to the receiver, and the receiver may determine or estimate the sub-band frequency domain shaping filters based on the comb structure or the filter indication. Such transmitter-to-receiver communications may facilitate the effective and efficient reception of transmitted waveforms according to the techniques described in the present invention.

[0047] The disclosure aspects are initially described in the context of wireless communication systems. The disclosure aspects are further illustrated and described with reference to wireless communication systems, spectrum confinement schemes, waveform design schemes, flowcharts, and process flows. The disclosure aspects are further illustrated and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to spectrum modeling and modeling of Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 26 / 303 16 / 127 sub-band spectrum for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure.

[0048] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other radio systems and technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned in the present invention.

[0049] Network entities 105 can be dispersed across a geographical area to form the wireless communication system 100 and can include devices in different forms or with different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 can be called a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other names. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 can communicate wirelessly via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link). For example, a network entity 105 can support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographical coverage area) in which UEs 115 and the network entity 105 can establish one or more links. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 27 / 303 17 / 127 communication 125. Coverage area 110 can be an example of a geographical area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 can support signal communication according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs).

[0050] UEs 115 can be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 can be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. UEs 115 can be devices with different shapes or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 115 are illustrated in Figure 1. The UEs 115 described in the present invention may be able to support communications with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 or network entities 105, as shown in Figure 1.

[0051] As described in the present invention, a node of the wireless communications system 100, which may be called a network node or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (for example, any network entity described in the present invention), a UE 115 (for example, any UE described in the present invention), a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or other suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described in the present invention. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third network node may be a UE 115. In a Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 28 / 303 18 / 127 In another aspect of this example, the first node could be a UE 115, the second node could be a network entity 105, and the third node could be a network entity 105. In still other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes could be different from those examples. Similarly, the reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, appliance, device, computing system, or similar, could include the disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, appliance, device, computing system, or similar, as a node. For example, the disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.

[0052] In some instances, network entities 105 may communicate with core network 130, or with each other, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol). In some instances, network entities 105 may communicate with each other via a backhaul communication link 120 (e.g., according to an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via a core network 130). In some examples, network entities 105 can communicate with each other via a midhaul communication link 162 (for example, according to a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (for example, according to a fronthaul interface protocol), or any combination thereof. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, p. 29 / 303 19 / 127 Backhaul communication links 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., a power link, a fiber optic link), one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link), among other examples, or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.

[0053] One or more of the network entities 105 described in the present invention may include, or may be referred to as, a base station 140 (for example, a base transceiver station, a base radio station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a next-generation NodeB or a giga-NodeB (any of which may be referred to as a gNB), a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), a home NodeB, a home eNodeB or other suitable terminology). In some examples, a 105 network entity (e.g., a 140 base station) can be implemented in an aggregated base station architecture (e.g., monolithic, standalone), which can be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated into a single 105 network entity (e.g., a single RAN node, such as a 140 base station).

[0054] In some examples, a 105 network entity can be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture), which can be configured to use a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed across two or more Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 30 / 303 20 / 127 network entities 105, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., an O-RAN Alliance-sponsored network configuration), or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN)). For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) 160, a distributed unit (DU) 165, a radio unit (RU) 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 175 (for example, a Near-Real Time RIC, a Non-Real Time RIC), a Service Management and Orchestration System (SMO) 180 or any combination thereof.A 170 RU may also be called a radio head, an intelligent radio head, a remote radio head (RRH), a remote radio unit (RRU), or a transmission reception point (TRP). One or more components of the 105 network entities in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the 105 network entities may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations). In some examples, one or more 105 network entities of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU)). Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 31 / 303 21 / 127

[0055] The division of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and can support different functionalities, depending on the functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combinations thereof) that are performed in a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional division of a protocol stack can be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 so that the CU 160 can support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 can support one or more different layers of the protocol stack.In some examples, CU 160 may host the upper protocol layer (e.g., Layer 3 (L3), Layer 2 (L2) functionality) and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP)). CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170, and the one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170 may host lower protocol layer functionality and signaling, such as Layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical layer (PHY)) or L2 (e.g., radio link control layer (RLC), medium access control layer (MAC)), and each may be at least partially controlled by CU 160.Alternatively, a functional division of the protocol stack can be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 so that the DU 165 can support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 can support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 can... Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, p. 32 / 303 22 / 127 support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RU 170s). In some cases, a functional division between a CU 160 and a DU 165, or between a DU 165 and an RU 170, may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other protocol layer functions are performed by another of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170). A CU 160 may be further functionally divided into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 can be connected to one or more DUs 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u), and a DU 165 can be connected to one or more RUs 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul interface (FH)).In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 can be implemented according to an interface (e.g., a channel) between the layers of a protocol stack supported by the respective network entities 105 that are communicating via such communication links.

[0056] In wireless communication systems (e.g., wireless communication system 100), infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access can support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB architecture (e.g., to a core network 130). In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) may be partially Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 33 / 303 23 / 127 controlled among themselves. One or more IAB 104 nodes may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. One or more DUs 165 or one or more RUs 170 may be partially controlled by one or more CUs 160 associated with a donor network entity 105 (e.g., a donor base station 140). The one or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB 104 nodes) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication links 120). IAB 104 nodes may include an IAB mobile device termination (IAB mobile termination) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by DUs 165 of an attached IAB donor.An IAB-MT may include an independent set of antennas for relaying communications with UEs 115, or it may share the same antennas (e.g., from a RU 170) as an IAB 104 node used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB 104 node (e.g., called a virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT)). In some examples, IAB 104 nodes may include DUs 165 that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB 104 nodes, UEs 115) in the relay chain or access network configuration (e.g., downstream). In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB 104 nodes or components of IAB 104 nodes) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described in the present invention.

[0057] For example, an access network (AN access network) or RAN may include communications between access nodes (e.g., an IAB donor), IAB nodes 104 and one or more UEs 115. The IAB donor may facilitate the connection between the Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 34 / 303 24 / 127 core network 130 and the AN (e.g., via a wired or wireless connection to core network 130). That is, an IAB donor can refer to a RAN node with a wired or wireless connection to core network 130. The IAB donor can include a CU 160 and at least one DU 165 (e.g., and RU 170), in which case the CU 160 can communicate with core network 130 via an interface (e.g., a backhaul link). The IAB donor and IAB nodes 104 can communicate via an F1 interface according to a protocol that defines signaling messages (e.g., an AP F1 protocol). Alternatively, or in addition, the CU 160 can communicate with the core network via an interface, which can be an example of a portion of the backhaul link, and can communicate with other CU 160s (for example, a CU 160 associated with an alternative IAB donor) via an Xn-C interface, which can be an example of a portion of a backhaul link.

[0058] An IAB 104 node can refer to a RAN node that provides IAB functionality (e.g., access for UEs 115, wireless autobackhaul capabilities). A DU 165 can act as a distributed scheduling node towards the child nodes associated with the IAB 104 node, and IAB-MT can act as a scheduling node for the parent nodes associated with the IAB 104 node. That is, an IAB donor can be called a parent node in communication with one or more child nodes (e.g., an IAB donor can relay transmissions to UEs through one or more IAB 104 nodes). Additionally or alternatively, an IAB 104 node can also be called a parent node or a child node for other IAB 104 nodes, depending on the relay chain or AN configuration. Therefore, the IAB-MT entity of IAB 104 nodes can provide a Uu interface to Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, p. 35 / 303 25 / 127 a child IAB node 104 to receive signaling from a parent IAB node 104 and the DU interface (e.g., DUs 165) can provide a Uu interface to a parent IAB node 104 to signal to a child IAB node 104 or to a UE 115.

[0059] For example, IAB node 104 may be called a parent node that supports communications to an IAB child node or called an IAB child node associated with an IAB donor, or both. The IAB donor may include a CU 160 with a wired connection (e.g., a backhaul communication link 120) or with the core network 130 and may act as a parent node for IAB nodes 104. For example, IAB donor DU 165 may relay transmissions to UEs 115 via IAB nodes 104 or may directly signal transmissions to a UE 115, or both. The donor IAB's CU 160 can signal the establishment of a communication link via an F1 interface to the IAB 104 nodes, and the IAB 104 nodes can schedule transmissions (e.g., transmissions to the donor IAB's UEs 115 retransmitted) via the DUs 165. That is, data can be retransmitted to and from the IAB 104 nodes via signaling through an NR-to-MT Uu interface of the IAB 104 node.Communications with node IAB 104 can be scheduled by an IAB donor DU 165, and communications with node IAB 104 can be scheduled by node IAB 104's DU 165.

[0060] In the case of the described waveforms and filtering applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture can be configured to support spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure, as described in the present invention. For example, some operations Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 36 / 303 26 / 127 described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally or alternatively be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., IAB nodes 104, DUs 165, CUs 160, RUs 170, RIC 175, SMO 180).

[0061] A UE 115 may include or be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the device may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include, or be referred to as, a personal electronic device, such as a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer or a personal computer.In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine-type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which can be implemented in various objects such as household appliances or vehicles, meters, and other examples.

[0062] The UEs 115 described in the present invention may have the ability to communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 that may sometimes act as relays, as well as network entities 105 and network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or base stations of Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 37 / 303 27 / 127 retransmission, among other examples, as shown in Figure 1.

[0063] UEs 115 and network entities 105 can wirelessly communicate with each other via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., an access link) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term carrier can refer to a set of RF spectrum resources that has a defined physical layer structure to support communication links 125. For example, a carrier used for a communication link 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP)) that is operated according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling.The 100 wireless communication system can support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 can be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation can be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a 105 network entity and other devices can be referred to as communication between them. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 38 / 303 28 / 127 devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms transmit, receive, or communicate, when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN that communicates with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105).

[0064] In some examples, such as in a carrier aggregation configuration, a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates operations for other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an absolute radio frequency channel number of evolved universal mobile telecommunication system terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) evolved universal mobile telecommunication system terrestrial radio access absolute radio frequency channel number)) and may be identified according to a channel raster for discovery by UEs 115.A carrier can be operated in a standalone mode, in which case the initial acquisition and connection can be conducted by the UEs 115 via the carrier, or the carrier can be operated in a non-standalone mode, in which case a connection is anchored using a different carrier (e.g., of the same or a different radio access technology).

[0065] The communication links 125 shown in the wireless communication system 100 may include downlink transmissions (e.g., Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 39 / 303 29 / 127 direct link transmissions) from a 105 network entity to a 115 UE, uplink transmissions (e.g., return link transmissions) from a 115 UE to a 105 network entity, or both, among other transmission configurations. Carriers can carry downlink or uplink communications (e.g., in an FDD mode) or can be configured to carry both downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode).

[0066] A carrier can be associated with a particular bandwidth of the RF spectrum and, in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be called the carrier system bandwidth or the wireless communication system bandwidth. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a set of carrier bandwidths for a particular radio access technology (e.g., 1, 4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 megahertz (MHz)). Wireless communication system devices (e.g., network entities, UEs, or both) may have hardware configurations that support communications using a particular carrier bandwidth or may be configurable to support communications using one of a set of carrier bandwidths.In some examples, the 100 wireless communication system may include 105 network entities or 115 UEs that support simultaneous communications using carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served 115 UE may be configured to operate using portions (e.g., a subband, a BWP) or the entire carrier bandwidth. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 40 / 303 30 / 127

[0067] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier can be formed by multiple subcarriers (for example, using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spreading OFDM (DFT-SOFDM)). In a system employing MCM techniques, a feature element can refer to features of a symbol period (e.g., the duration of a modulation symbol) and a subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related.The number of bits carried by each feature element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the encoding rate of the modulation scheme, or both), so that a relatively larger number of feature elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher communication rate. A wireless communication feature may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum feature, a time feature, and a spatial feature (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam), and the use of multiple spatial features may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.

[0068] One or more numerologies for a carrier may be supported, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing (Δ / ) and a cyclic prefix. A carrier may be divided into one or more BWPs that have the same or different numerologies. In some Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, p. 41 / 303 31 / 127 examples, a UE 115 can be configured with multiple BWPs. In some examples, a single BWP for a carrier may be active at any given time, and communications to the UE 115 may be restricted to one or more active BWPs.

[0069] The time intervals for network entities 105 or UEs 115 can be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which can, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts = 1 / {^fmax' seconds, for which Δ^^ can represent the supported subcarrier spacing, and can represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. The time intervals of a communications resource can be organized according to radio frames, each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame can be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., in the range 0 to 1023).

[0070] Each frame may include multiple subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a number of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of slots, and the number of slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the pre-terminated cyclic prefix up to each symbol period). In some 100 wireless communication systems, a slot may be further divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. By excluding the Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 42 / 303 32 / 127 cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., AÇ) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating frequency band.

[0071] A subframe, slot, mini-slot, or symbol can be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the 100 wireless communication system, and can be called a transmission time interval (TTI). In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., the number of symbol periods in a TTI) can be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the 100 wireless communication system can be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs)).

[0072] Physical channels can be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel can be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) for a physical control channel can be defined by a set of symbol periods and can extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) can be configured for a Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 43 / 303 33 / 127 set of UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor, or search in, the control regions for control information according to one or more sets of search spaces, and each set of search spaces may include one or multiple control channel candidates at one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascading manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to a quantity of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with the information encoded to a control information format that has a given payload size. The sets of search spaces may include common sets of search spaces configured to send control information to multiple UEs 115 and UE-specific sets of search spaces to send control information to a specific UE 115.

[0073] A 105 network entity may provide communication coverage via one or more cells, for example, a macrocell, a small cell, a hotspot, or other cell types, or any combination thereof. The term cell may refer to a logical communication entity used for communication with a 105 network entity (for example, using a carrier) and may be associated with an identifier to distinguish neighboring cells (for example, a physical cell identifier (PCID), a virtual cell identifier (VCID), or others). In some examples, a cell may also refer to a 110 coverage area or a portion of a coverage area. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 44 / 303 34 / 127 110 (for example, a sector) over which the logical communication entity operates. Such cells can vary from smaller areas (for example, a structure, a subset of a structure) to larger areas depending on various factors, such as the capabilities of the network entity 105. For example, a cell may be or include a building, a subset of a building, or external spaces between or overlapping with coverage areas 110, among other examples.

[0074] A macrocell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and can allow unrestricted access by UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider that supports the macrocell. A small cell can be associated with a lower power network entity 105 (e.g., a lower power base station 140), compared to a macrocell, and a small cell can operate using the same or different frequency bands (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) as macrocells. Small cells can provide unrestricted access to UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider or can provide restricted access to UEs 115 that have an association with the small cell (e.g., UEs 115 in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEs 115 associated with users in a residence or office).A 105 network entity can support one or multiple cells and can also support communications via one or more cells using one or multiple component carriers.

[0075] In some examples, a carrier can support multiple cells, and different cells can be configured according to different protocol types. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 45 / 303 35 / 127 (e.g., MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB)) that can provide access to different types of devices.

[0076] In some examples, a network entity 105 (for example, a base station 140, a RU 170) may be mobile and therefore provide communication coverage for a mobile coverage area 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of network entities 105 provide coverage to various coverage areas 110 using the same or different radio access technologies.

[0077] The wireless communication system 100 can support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) can have similar frame timings, and transmissions from different network entities 105 can be approximately time-aligned. For asynchronous operation, network entities 105 can have different frame timings, and transmissions from different network entities 105 can, in some instances, not be time-aligned. The techniques described in the present invention can be used for synchronous or asynchronous operations.

[0078] Some UEs 115, such as MTC devices or Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 46 / 303 36 / 127 IoT devices can be low-cost or low-complexity devices that can provide automated communication between machines (e.g., via Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication). M2M or MTC communication can refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with each other or with a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) without human intervention. In some examples, M2M or MTC communication may include communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and retransmit such information to a central server or application program that uses the information or presents the information to humans interacting with the application program. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines or other devices.Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, health monitoring, wildlife monitoring, monitoring of geological and climatic events, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensor detection, physical access control, and transaction-based commercial billing.

[0079] The 100 wireless communication system can be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the 100 wireless communication system can be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). The UEs 115 can be designed to support Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 47 / 303 37 / 127 ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critically important functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services, such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable and low-latency functions may include service prioritization, and these services may be used for public safety or general business applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably in the present invention.

[0080] In some examples, a UE 115 can be configured to support communications directly with other UEs 115 via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (for example, according to a peer-to-peer (P2P), D2D or side-link protocol). In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a RU 170), which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured (e.g., scheduled) by the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may otherwise be unable or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105.In some examples, groups of UE115s communicating via D2D communications can support a one-to-many (1:M) system in which each UE115 transmits to every other UE115 in the group. In some examples, a... Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 48 / 303 38 / 127 network entity 105 can facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications can be carried out between UEs 115 without the involvement of a network entity 105.

[0081] In some systems, a D2D communication link 135 may be an example of a communication channel, such as a side-link communication channel, between vehicles (e.g., UEs 115). In some examples, vehicles may communicate using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, or some combination thereof. A vehicle may signal information related to traffic conditions, signal scheduling, weather, safety, emergency, or any other information relevant to a V2X system. In some examples, vehicles in a V2X system may communicate with highway infrastructure, such as highway units, or with the network via one or more network nodes (e.g., network entities 105, base stations 140, RUs 170) using vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications, or both.

[0082] The 130 core network can provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The 130 core network can be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME)). Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 49 / 303 39 / 127 management entity), an access and mobility management function (AMF), and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)). The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators.IP 150 services may include access to the Internet, Intranet(s), an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS), or a packet-switched streaming service.

[0083] The 100 wireless communications system can operate using one or more frequency bands, which can range from 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). Generally, the 300 MHz to 3 GHz region is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region, or decimeter band, as the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves can be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which can be called clusters, but the waves can penetrate structures. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 50 / 303 40 / 127 is sufficient for a macrocell to provide service to the UEs 115 located inland. Communications using UHF may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) compared to communications using the lower frequencies and longer wavelengths of the high-frequency (HF) or very high-frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.

[0084] The wireless communication system 100 can also operate using a super high frequency (SHF) region, which can be in the 3 GHz to 30 GHz range, also known as the centimeter band, or using an extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., 30 GHz to 300 GHz), also known as the millimeter band. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 can support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between UEs 115 and network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140, RUs 170), and the EHF antennas of the respective devices can be smaller and closer together than UHF antennas. In some examples, such techniques can facilitate the use of antenna arrays within a device. However, the propagation of EHF transmissions may be subject to even greater attenuation and a shorter bandwidth than SHF or UHF transmissions.The techniques disclosed in the present invention can be employed in transmissions that use one or more different frequency regions, and the designated use of bands across these frequency regions may differ depending on the country or regulatory body.

[0085] The 100 wireless communication system can Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 51 / 303 41 / 127 use both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA), LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology using an unlicensed band, such as the 5 GHz band for industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) use. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as network entities 105 and UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some instances, operations using unlicensed bands may rely on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA).Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.

[0086] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located in one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located in a set. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, p. 52 / 303 42 / 127 antennas, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a 105 network entity may be located in various geographic locations. A 105 network entity may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the 105 network entity can use to support communications beamforming with a 115 UE. Similarly, a 115 UE may include one or more antenna arrays that can support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.

[0087] Network entities 105 or UEs 115 can use MIMO communications to exploit multipath signal propagation and increase spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such techniques can be called spatial multiplexing. Multiple signals can, for example, be transmitted by the transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Similarly, multiple signals can be received by the receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals can be called a separate spatial stream and can carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords). Different spatial layers can be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting.MIMO techniques include MIMO of. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 53 / 303 43 / 127 single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.

[0088] Beamforming, which may also be called spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that can be used in a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a 105 network entity, a 115 UE) to form or orient an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming can be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array, so that some signals propagating along particular orientations relative to an antenna array experience constructive interference, while others experience destructive interference.The adjustment of signals communicated via antenna elements may involve a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude shifts, phase shifts, or both, to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a set of beamforming weights associated with a particular orientation (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting device or the receiving device, or relative to some other orientation). Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, p. 54 / 303 44 / 127

[0089] Network entity 105 or UE 115 may use beam sweeping techniques as part of beamforming operations. For example, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by a network entity 105 multiple times along different directions. For example, the network entity 105 may transmit a signal according to different sets of beamforming weights associated with different transmission directions.Transmissions along different beam directions can be used to identify (for example, by a transmitting device, such as a 105 network entity, or by a receiving device, such as a 115 UE) a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the 105 network entity.

[0090] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by a transmitting device (e.g., a transmitting network entity 105, a transmitting UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as a receiving network entity 105 or a receiving UE 115). In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based on a signal that has been transmitted along one or more beam directions. For example, a UE 115 may receive Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, p. 55 / 303 45 / 127 one or more of the signals transmitted by network entity 105 along different directions and may report to network entity 105 an indication of the signal that UE 115 has received a higher signal quality or an otherwise acceptable signal quality.

[0091] In some instances, transmissions by a device (e.g., by a 105 network entity or a 115 UE) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from a 105 network entity to a 115 UE). The 115 UE may report feedback indicating precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured set of beams in a system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. The 105 network entity may transmit a reference signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSIRS)), which may be precoded or not precoded.The UE 115 can provide beam selection feedback, which can be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel codebook, a linear combination codebook, a gate selection codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted along one or more directions by a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a RU 170), a UE 115 can employ similar techniques for transmission. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, p. 56 / 303 46 / 127 signals multiple times along different directions (e.g., to identify a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by UE 115) or to transmit a signal along a single direction (e.g., to transmit data to a receiving device).

[0092] A receiving device (e.g., a UE 115) can perform receiving operations according to multiple receiving configurations (e.g., directional listening) after receiving various signals from a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105), such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals.For example, a receiving device may perform reception according to multiple reception directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, receiving according to different sets of reception beamforming weights (e.g., different sets of directional listening weights) applied to received signals on multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or processing received signals according to different sets of reception beamforming weights applied to received signals on multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as listening according to different reception configurations or reception directions. In some examples, a receiving device may use a single reception configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., after receiving a data signal).The single reception configuration can be aligned. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 57 / 303 47 / 127 along a determined beam direction based on listening according to different reception configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a higher signal strength, a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or an otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions).

[0093] The wireless communication system 100 can be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. At the user plane, communications at the carrier or PDCP layer can be IP-based. An RLC layer can perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate via logical channels. A MAC layer can perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer can also implement error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmissions to improve link efficiency. At the control plane, the RRC layer can provide the establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 115 and a network entity 105 or a core network 130 that supports radio carriers for user plane data. A PHY layer can map transport channels to physical channels.

[0094] UEs 115 and network entities 105 can support data retransmissions to increase the probability that data will be received correctly. Hybrid Auto-Repeat Request (HARQ) feedback is a technique to increase the probability that data will be received. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, p. 58 / 303 48 / 127 correctly via a communication link (e.g., a 125 communication link, a 135 D2D communication link). HARQ can include a combination of error detection (e.g., using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC)), forward error correction (FEC), and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ)). HARQ can improve the throughput at the MAC layer under unsatisfactory radio conditions (e.g., reduced signal-to-noise conditions). In some examples, a device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, in which case the device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific slot to data received via a previous symbol in the slot. In some other examples, the device may provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent slot, or according to some other time interval.

[0095] A transmitting device (e.g., a 105 network entity or a 115 UE) can filter data tones (e.g., in edge sub-bands of an allocated frequency band) to achieve windowing or time-domain shaping. The data tones of the edge sub-bands of a configured frequency band can be filtered to shape a waveform so that it does not extend beyond symbol boundaries (e.g., does not result in emission leakage). Additionally or alternatively, by filtering the sub-band edges, the noise between symbols can be reduced, allowing for stronger spectrum confinement. Such techniques can thus result in a decrease in the size of the bands. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 59 / 303 49 / 127 protection techniques are used between signals multiplexed together or between carriers, since interference (e.g., noise) between symbols is reduced or avoided. Such techniques allow smaller guard bands (e.g., or no guard band) to also increase the efficiency and throughput of the spectrum, due to the greater availability of resources that would otherwise be allocated to guard bands. In some examples, the transmitter may provide an indication of sub-band frequency domain shaping filters used for the receiver to support demodulation on the receiver side. In some examples, the transmitter may indicate a DMRS comb structure (e.g., of the edge sub-bands) to the receiver, and the receiver may determine or estimate the sub-band frequency domain shaping filters based on the comb structure or the filter indication.

[0096] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system 200 that supports spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the wireless communication system 200 may implement or be implemented by the wireless communication system 100. For example, the wireless communication system 200 may include a UE 115-a and a network entity 105-a, which may be examples of corresponding devices described in the present invention (for example, with reference to Figure 1). In some examples, the network entity 105-a and the UE 115-a communicate with each other via a communication link 205. In some cases, the communication link 205 may be Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, p. 60 / 303 50 / 127 is an example of a Uu link or other types of data and communication links (for example, a 125 communication link, as described in more detail with reference to Figure 1).

[0097] In some instances, 200 wireless communication systems can support multi-waveform and multi-access designs to support a wide variety of use cases. For example, different use cases may include mobile broadband, metaverse operations, intensive Internet of Things (IoT) use, side-link communication, spectrum aggregation and intensive duplexing, or UE 115 cooperation, among other examples. Such waveform and multi-access designs may also support systems and technologies for full-duplex modes, radio frequency (RF) sensor detection, UE 115 positioning, physical layer security, among other examples.However, as technologies evolve, such as digital pre-distortion (DPD) techniques and data protection on demand (DPoD) technologies, existing waveform and multi-access designs may not successfully support at least some types of wireless communications. For example, as RF, duplexing, and MIMO technologies continue to evolve, existing waveform designs to support such technologies may be deficient. For example, the technique described in the present invention can support new multi-access designs or waveforms and can additionally support massive connectivity and extremely high cell capacity. In this way, the techniques described in the present invention can... Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 61 / 303 51 / 127 supports efficient channel access for a larger number of users than previously supported and can support more reliable communications without a related increase in interference and noise.

[0098] In some cases, the waveform designs described in the present invention may be engineered to satisfy certain metrics. For example, waveform design metric considerations may include increasing spectrum efficiency, increasing energy efficiency (e.g., transmit and receive energy efficiency), decreasing waveform process complexity and latency, reducing the impact of RF deficiencies (e.g., error vector magnitude (EVM) magnitude), increasing spectrum confinement (e.g., in-band (IB) and out-of-band (OOB) emissions), and including support for efficient multi-user or multi-access MIMO.Additionally or alternatively, certain metrics for various channel conditions / deficiencies may include variations in fade time, inter-symbol interference (ISI), phase noise, and power amplifier (PA) nonlinearity or intermodulation. The techniques described in the present invention can thus address altered or updated fundamental assumptions, such as new baselines based on next-generation implementations (e.g., evolution and advancement in DPD, DPoD technologies, among other examples). In some instances, such design metrics for techniques described in the present invention may support cases such as spectrum confinement for full-duplex modes and detections. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 62 / 303 52 / 127 per sensor combined and communication use cases. Therefore, the main design metrics can be related to reducing power consumption, implementation complexity, overhead and leakage between signals and channels, and increasing throughput, efficiency and spectrum confinement, both in the 105-a network entity and in the 115-a UE.

[0099] Some waveform designs, such as a CP-OFDM design with the addition of a weighted overlap and add (WOLA) design, can support one or more of the design metrics. WOLA can be an example of a time-domain windowing technique that can be applied by a transmitter (e.g., the 105-a network entity or the 115-a UE) to limit OOB leakage of a signal to a receiver (e.g., the 115-a UE or the 105-a network entity). In some cases, WOLA can be a relatively low-complexity scheme, resulting in efficient implementations per transmitter and receiver, and can support relatively good spectrum confinement compared to other waveform designs (e.g., a CP-OFDM design without the addition of WOLA). However, the addition of WOLA can cause greater power leakage between adjacent channels compared to other waveform designs.For example, WOLA can cause an increase in adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR), which is the ratio of average filtered power in a current channel to average filtered power in an adjacent channel. In some cases, a 215 filter (e.g., with a long filter length) can be applied to the CP-OFDM design and may produce spectrum confinement. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, p. 63 / 303 53 / 127 is relatively stronger compared to using WOLA. However, the increased spectrum confinement can also increase the ISI and EVM of the generated waveform. In some other cases, other waveform designs, such as a filter-bank multicarrier (FBMC), can be used. FBMC can be an alternative to the CP-OFDM waveform design and may be desirable for high data rate transmissions. While FBMC can allow for relatively good spectrum efficiency compared to CP-OFDM and CP-OFDM with WOLA, such improvements may be reduced by PA nonlinearity. Additionally or alternatively, FBMC can be relatively more complex than other designs, as it can cause greater transmission and reception complexity. In some cases, FBMC may also be subject to increased ISI in non-flat channels.As described, while some of these designs, such as WOLA and FBMC, may satisfy some design metrics for some wireless communications, such designs may be computationally inefficient and may cause inter-symbol leakage in other examples of wireless communications. Additionally, or alternatively, such designs may not be compatible with a CP-OFDMA waveform design, which may be a multi-user version of the CP-OFDM design.

[00100] The techniques described in the present invention, with reference to Figures 3 to 9, introduce a waveform design and transmission methods that support stronger spectrum confinement than the other schemes described above. In some examples, wireless devices may utilize techniques described in the present invention to achieve stronger spectrum confinement. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 64 / 303 54 / 127 in use cases, such as full-duplex and sub-band full-duplex operations, frequency division duplexing (FDD) with increased transmission power or low duplexer insertion loss, different numerologies multiplexed together, asynchronous transmissions and other radio technologies, and can filter edge bands (e.g., applying a frequency domain filter to data tones) to support such strong spectrum confinement and reduction of emission leakage between time domain symbols. In this way, the waveform designs described in the present invention can enable more efficient and accurate communications between the UE 115-aea network entity 105-a.

[00101] In such cases, network entity 105-a may transmit, via communication link 205, a control signal 210 to UE 115-a, indicating a frequency band having a first edge sub-band and a second edge sub-band. Network entity 105-a may filter such edge sub-bands from the frequency band using one or more frequency domain filters to reduce ISI and inter-symbol leakage. In some cases, one or more filters 215, transmitted to UE 115-aa from network entity 105-a, may indicate a quantity of data tones (e.g., quantity of RBs) to be filtered using one or more filters 215. In this way, UE 115-a can use the indication when decoding one or more waveforms transmitted from network entity 105-a via the frequency band allocated in control signaling 210.

[00102] The one or more 215 filters used by the 105-a network entity can support the generation of a waveform design that can satisfy the design metrics. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 65 / 303 55 / 127 for strong spectrum confinement described in the present invention. The network entity 105-a may use one or more of the indicated filters 215 to filter the sub-band edges of one or more waveforms, which may be transmitted via the frequency band allocated via the control signaling 210. Such techniques, methods and systems used to filter sub-band edges to support strong spectrum confinement may be further described elsewhere in the present invention, including with reference to Figures 3 to 9.

[00103] Figure 3 illustrates an example of a 300 spectrum confinement scheme that supports spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the 300 spectrum confinement scheme may implement or be implemented by the 100 wireless communication system and the 200 wireless communication system. The 300 spectrum confinement scheme may illustrate symbols of three different waveform designs that can be graphically represented as functions of decibels (dB) versus frequency.For example, spectrum confinement scheme 300 may illustrate a waveform 305 which may represent a symbol of a first waveform 305 (e.g., a CP-OFDM waveform without WOLA), a second waveform 310 (e.g., which may represent a symbol of the CP-OFDM waveform design with WOLA), and a third waveform 315, which may represent a symbol of the CP-OFDM waveform design with WOLA and shaping (e.g., according to the techniques described in the present invention).

[00104] Different waveforms can result Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, p. 66 / 303 56 / 127 in a different signal roll-off at the edge of a symbol (e.g., a CP-OFDM symbol) based on different waveform designs. Such a roll-off (e.g., based on the third waveform 315) can enable a smooth transition between symbols and reduced spectral emissions and power leakage between symbol edges. For example, as shown by the first waveform 305, the CP-OFDM waveform design without WOLA can result in a gradual roll-off compared to the second waveform 310 (e.g., the CP-OFDM waveform design with WOLA). However, the roll-offs represented by waveform 305 and waveform 310 may be deficient in reducing spectral emissions across symbol boundaries (e.g., for some types of communications, such as full-duplex communications, among other examples).

[00105] The techniques described in the present invention can introduce a shaping filter (e.g., a frequency domain filter) over a set of data tones (e.g., a set of RBs) to achieve time domain shaping (e.g., which may be called windowing). The third waveform 315 can result in a sharp roll-off to reduce energy leakage across symbol boundaries. As illustrated in Figure 3, waveform 315 can represent the CP-OFDM waveform design with WOLA with the frequency domain filter applied, which can be defined as FDfilter = [0.248, 0.5, -0.248]. In some cases, waveform 315 can be an example of waveform 310 with the frequency domain filter applied to waveform 310. A device Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, p. 67 / 303 A 57 / 127 transmitter can apply frequency-domain filtering to transmissions (e.g., it can apply convolution techniques to convolve a set of data tones with frequency-domain filtering to achieve a projected or selected time-domain response, such as time-domain windowing). In some cases, an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) can be applied to a transmission to generate a time-domain waveform. Along with the application of the IFFT, a cyclic prefix (CP) can be applied to the beginning or front of the 315 waveform. The CP can be a copy of a final (e.g., last or end) segment of the 315 waveform. Additionally or alternatively, filtering can be applied to a time-domain waveform after the application of the IFFT (not illustrated), so that filtering can occur in the time domain opposite to the frequency domain.

[00106] In some cases, a transmitting device may apply spectrum shaping (e.g., filtering) only to a band edge to contain emissions in the symbol (e.g., the edge data tones of a sub-band within a frequency band allocation associated with the symbol). For example, the techniques described in the present invention may support greater efficiency by applying only the frequency domain filter to the edge data tones of an allocated band to reduce emission leakage across symbol boundaries. In some cases, these edge data tones may be only a few data tones (e.g., two or three RBs) or may be a larger set of data tones. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, p. 68 / 303 58 / 127 (e.g., 20 to 30 RBs), however, only the edge sections (e.g., edge tones) of the band can be filtered to achieve time-domain shaping / windowing, leaving the central data tones unfiltered. In some cases, the amount of filtered edge data tones can be equal to the CP size of the 315 waveform.

[00107] Such frequency domain spectrum shaping or filtering can help increase the roll-off of a waveform (e.g., waveform 315) at the symbol edges, thereby reducing leakage or interference at symbol boundaries. Further discussion of frequency domain filtering to achieve time domain windowing can be further described in the present invention, including with reference to Figure 4.

[00108] Figure 4 illustrates an example of a 400 waveform design scheme that supports spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the 400 waveform design scheme may implement or be implemented by the 100 or 200 wireless communication system. The 400 waveform design scheme may illustrate symbols of two different waveform designs that can be graphically represented as functions of decibels (dB) versus time. For example, the 300 spectrum confinement scheme may illustrate a 405-a time-domain waveform that may represent a symbol of a CP-OFDM waveform design with WOLA and a 405-b waveform that may represent a symbol of the design Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, p. 69 / 303 59 / 127 CP-OFDM waveform with WOLA and modeling. In some cases, the 405-a waveform and the 405-b waveform may also represent a symbol of a DFT-S-OFDM waveform design. Thus, the illustrated waveforms may be a time-domain waveform with a duration of a single symbol period. In some cases, the 405-a waveform may be a time-domain representation of the 310 waveform illustrated in Figure 3, and the 405-b waveform may be a time-domain representation of the 315 waveform illustrated in Figure 3. In some examples, the 405-b waveform may also be a time-domain representation of the 310 waveform illustrated in Figure 3 with the addition of frequency-domain filtering to the edge data tones of the 310 waveform.

[00109] As illustrated by the 405-a waveform, when using WOLA, there may be time-domain waveform leakage into adjacent symbol periods. WOLA techniques may not result in any roll-off at symbol boundaries, resulting in time-domain waveforms leaking into adjacent symbol periods. Therefore, to reduce such leakage across symbol boundaries in the time domain, a frequency-domain filter can be applied to the 405a waveform to generate the 405-b waveform (e.g., to introduce roll-off in the 405-a time-domain waveform, reducing time-domain waveform leakage into adjacent symbol periods). As shown, the frequency-domain filter can support the 405-b waveform by including a roll-off at symbol edges that can support reduced interference and emission leakage. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 70 / 303 60 / 127 between adjacent symbols. The 405-b waveform can be windowed according to the techniques described in the present invention, to be smooth at the edges of the symbol.

[00110] However, in some cases, the CP of the 405-b waveform may cause a slight discontinuity (e.g., elevation) at the symbol boundary or edge of the 405-b waveform. In some examples, WOLA may be applied to the edges of the 405-b waveform to mitigate the impact of the CP (e.g., to support a more pronounced roll-off in edge data tones). Additionally or alternatively, the 405-b waveform may implement a zero-tail-based waveform design. The zero-tail-based waveform design may include making the CP equal to zero.

[00111] Thus, the modeling done for the 405-a waveform to generate the 405-b waveform can support reduced interference between symbols and can reduce emission leakage at the symbol edges. In some cases, a transmitting device (e.g., as a 105 network entity or a 115 UE) can generate the 405-b waveform (e.g., by applying filtering and modeling techniques described in the present invention) and transmit the 405-b waveform to a receiving device (e.g., as the 115 UE or the 105 network entity). In this way, the receiving device can receive the 405-b waveform and apply a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to generate a frequency-domain waveform to be equalized and decoded for the generation of log-likelihood ratios (LLRs). Such waveform generation processes (for example, such as the 405-b waveform) in the device Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, p. 71 / 303 61 / 127 transmitter, and waveform decoding, in the receiving device, can be described elsewhere in the present invention, including with reference to Figures 5 to 10.

[00112] Figure 5 illustrates an example of a 500 flowchart that supports spectrum modeling and sub-band spectrum modeling for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Flowchart 500 can implement aspects of, or be implemented by, aspects of, wireless communication systems 100, wireless communication systems 200, spectrum confinement schemes 300, or waveform design schemes 400. For example, a transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105 or a UE 115) can communicate according to flowchart 500 and can be an example of corresponding devices described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. The transmitting device can include one or more of an early error correction (FEC) component 510, a modulator 520, a filter 530 (e.g., or any component to apply one or more filters), and an IFFT component 540, among other components.

[00113] The transmitter device can perform frequency domain filtering to achieve time domain shaping of the waveform (e.g., resulting in spectrum confinement). In some examples, the FEC component 510 can receive one or more information bits 505 and perform channel FEC on the received information bits 505. The FEC component 510 can generate encoded bits 515. The modulator 520 can modulate one or more symbols resulting in modulation symbols 525. As described in the present invention, the transmitter can perform Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 72 / 303 62 / 127 Sub-band based frequency domain filtering (e.g., by the 530 filter). For example, the 530 filter can apply a convolution technique to convolve one or more frequency tones (e.g., edge frequency tones at a band edge) with a frequency domain filter to generate the 535 frequency domain tones (e.g., filtered tones). The 540 IFFT component can perform an IFFT procedure on the frequency domain tones, resulting in one or more 545 time domain samples, which the transmitting device can transmit to a receiving device. By performing sub-band based frequency domain filtering, the transmitting device can shape the 545 time domain samples to reduce or eliminate noise at the symbol edges of the time domain waveforms, resulting in reduced interference and emission leakage at symbol boundaries.

[00114] In some examples, the implementation of the sub-band frequency domain can be performed using an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) (e.g., by the 520 modulator to generate the 525 modulation symbols) on one or more sub-bands to generate time-domain samples. The transmitter can then apply windowing (e.g., time-domain waveform shaping), apply the DFT again to generate sub-band frequency domain samples, and perform sub-band tone mapping followed by iFFT to generate the TD 545 samples.

[00115] Figure 6 illustrates an example of a 600 flowchart that supports spectrum modeling and sub-band spectrum modeling for strong spectrum confinement. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 73 / 303 63 / 127 and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. Flowchart 600 may implement aspects of, or be implemented by, aspects of, wireless communications system 100, wireless communications system 200, spectrum confinement scheme 300, waveform design scheme 400, or flowchart 500. For example, a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105 or a UE 115) may communicate according to flowchart 600 and may be an example of corresponding devices described with reference to Figures 1 to 5. The receiving device may include one or more of an FFT component 610, an equalizer 620, and a demodulator 630, among other components.

[00116] The receiving device can perform frequency domain equalization to mitigate carrier-interchange interference (CIP) introduced from spectrum shaping via a frequency domain filter (e.g., as a 530 filter described with reference to Figure 6). The FFT component 610 can receive one or more samples 605 (e.g., it can receive a transmission from a transmitting device that has performed sub-band-based frequency domain filtering according to the techniques described in the present invention) and can perform an FFT procedure to generate the filtered frequency domain tones 615 (e.g., the frequency domain tones filtered by the transmitting device). The equalizer 620 can receive the filtered frequency domain tones 615 and can perform frequency domain equalization on the filtered frequency domain tones, generating frequency domain tones. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 74 / 303 64 / 127 equalized for ICI 625. The demodulator 630 can perform combination (e.g., minimum mean square error (MMSE) combination) and demodulation on the equalized frequency domain tones and can generate one or more LLRs 635 based on the demodulation.

[00117] In some examples, the receiving device may perform frequency-domain ICI equalization by performing time-domain equalization (e.g., MMSE weighting procedure) to remove the ICI. After performing the FFT procedure on the 610 FFT component, the receiving device may transform sub-band feature blocks (e.g., edge tones or edge feature blocks) using an IDFT. The receiving device may then equalize the samples in the time domain (e.g., based on known spectrum shaping filters, which may be indicated to the receiving device by the transmitting device, or based on channel estimates and ICI estimates). The receiving device may then equalize the time-domain samples (e.g., in the 620 equalizer) and the receiving device may generate frequency-domain tones by performing a DFT procedure on the equalized time-domain samples.

[00118] Figure 7 illustrates an example of a 700 flowchart that supports spectrum modeling and sub-band spectrum modeling for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The 700 flowchart may implement aspects of, or be implemented by, aspects of, a 100 wireless communications system, a communications system. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 75 / 303 65 / 127 wireless 200, spectrum confinement scheme 300, waveform design scheme 400, flowchart 500 or flowchart 600. For example, a transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105 or a UE 115) may communicate according to flowchart 700 and may be an example of corresponding devices described with reference to Figures 1 to 6. The transmitting device may include one or more of a FEC component 710, a modulator 720, a mapping component 730, a discrete Fourier transform spreading (DFT-S) component 740, a filter 750 and an iFFT component 760, among other components.

[00119] The transmitting device can perform frequency domain filtering to achieve time domain shaping of the waveform, resulting in better spectrum confinement. In some examples, the FEC component 710 can receive one or more information bits 705 and perform FEC on the information bits. The FEC component 710 can generate encoded bits 715 and the modulator 720 can modulate the encoded bits, generating modulation symbols 725. The mapping component 730 can map the modulation symbols 725 (e.g., time domain symbols) to a DFT block and generate a set of mapped modulation symbols 735. For example, a DFT-s-OFDM waveform can be generated by mapping modulated symbols (e.g., in the time domain) to a DFT block. The DFT-S 740 component can perform a DFT-S procedure using the mapped modulation symbols 735 and generate frequency domain tones 745.For example, post-DFT frequency domain samples can be mapped to a larger iFFT block. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 76 / 303 The 66 / 127 transmitting device can perform sub-band-based frequency domain filtering on the 750 filter. The 750 filter can generate 755 filtered frequency domain tones (e.g., filtered according to the 750 filter). The 760 iFFT component can perform an IFFT procedure on the 755 filtered frequency domain tones by mapping the 755 filtered frequency domain tones to an iFFT block and generating 765 time domain samples for transmission to a receiving device. In some examples, spectrum shaping can be applied to a DFT-S based waveform (e.g., by the 740 DFT-S component) where edge tones can be filtered (e.g., by the 750 filter) to introduce ICI to achieve spectrum confinement (e.g., and reduce cross-symbol boundary interference and emission leakage).The transmitting device can perform frequency domain filtering (e.g., via the 750 filter), after the DFT (e.g., via the 730 DFT-S component), and before mapping the frequency domain samples to the larger iFFT block (e.g., via the 760 iFFT component).

[00120] In some examples, the transmitting device may perform the pre-DFT spectrum shaping procedure by scaling pre-DFT 725 modulation symbols (e.g., which may be similar to or based on time-domain windowing). In some examples, DFT-S waveforms may be applied at the carrier edge (e.g., they may be sub-band based) and center tones may use OFDM waveforms (e.g., transmitted without spectrum shaping). In such examples, the transmitter may transmit via edge tones or sub-bands. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 77 / 303 67 / 127 edge according to the DFT-S waveform and can transmit via center tones or center sub-bands according to an OFDM waveform. In some examples, the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the DFT-S waveform can be reduced by introducing DFT-based clipping (e.g., on the waveform at or within a threshold distance of the symbol boundaries) without introducing emissions (e.g., across the symbol boundaries). In some examples, each subband could have a different filter (e.g., it could have different windows for DFT-S-OFDM). In some examples, center tones may correspond to OFDM waveforms. In some examples, center-modulated symbols (e.g., pre-DFT) may be unfiltered or windowed.

[00121] Figure 8 illustrates an example of an 800 flowchart that supports spectrum modeling and sub-band spectrum modeling for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The 800 flowchart can implement aspects of, or be implemented by, aspects of, wireless communication systems 100, wireless communication systems 200, spectrum confinement schemes 300, waveform design schemes 400, flowcharts 500, flowcharts 600, or flowcharts 700. For example, a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105 or a UE 115) can communicate according to flowchart 800 and can be an example of corresponding devices described with reference to Figures 1 to 7. The receiving device may include one or more of an FFT component 810, a spatial combiner MMSE 820, an IDFT component 830, or a TD equalizer. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 78 / 303 68 / 127 845, FD equalizer and 855 demodulator, 860 demodulator or any combination thereof, among other components.

[00122] In some examples, for DFT-S waveforms in sub-band spectrum form at a band edge, the receiving device can process a received signal, including sub-band-based equalization to remove spectrum shaping filtering, and can perform complete iDFT procedures to recover integer time-domain modulation symbols for LLR generation. For example, the receiver can receive one or more samples 805-a and perform FFT procedures on the FFT component 810-a, generating frequency-domain tones 815-a. The MMSE spatial combiner 820-a can perform MMSE spatial combination on the frequency-domain tones 815-a, generating an 825-a waveform estimate. The receiving device can perform an IDFT procedure on the IDFT component 830-a, generating time-domain samples 835-a.The TD 845 equalizer can perform sub-band-based equalization to remove the spectrum shaping filter, generating 850 frequency domain samples. The frequency domain equalizer and demodulator 855 can generate 840-a LLRs.

[00123] In some examples, the receiving device may receive a message including DFT-S waveforms (e.g., DFT-S waveforms in spectrum format in one or more sub-bands, such as edge sub-bands) on edge RBs with spectrum shaping (e.g., by the transmitting device). In such examples, the receiving device may be able to receive and demodulate the received signaling without applying frequency domain equalization of the spectrum shaping filter (e.g., because the impact Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, p. 79 / 303 69 / 127 occurs in time-domain windowing and the modulation symbols are in the time domain). Instead, the receiving device can rely on spatial MMSE combining to generate per-stream frequency domain estimates, perform an IDFT to convert to the time domain, and make per-modulation symbol estimates using time-domain windowing format information (e.g., frequency-domain ICI filter information). For example, the 810-b FFT component can receive 805-b samples and perform an FFT procedure to generate 815-b frequency domain tones. The 820-b spatial MMSE combiner can receive the 815-b frequency domain tones and generate an 825b waveform estimate. The IDFT component 830-b can perform an IDFT procedure and generate samples in the 835-b time domain; the demodulator 860 can demodulate the samples in the 835-b time domain to generate 840-b LLRs.

[00124] Figure 9 illustrates an example of a 900 flowchart supporting spectrum modeling and sub-band spectrum modeling for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The 900 flowchart may implement aspects of, or be implemented by, aspects of, wireless communications system 100, wireless communications system 200, spectrum confinement scheme 300, waveform design scheme 400, flowchart 500, flowchart 600, flowchart 700, or flowchart 800. For example, a transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105 or a UE 115) may communicate according to the 900 flowchart and may be an example of corresponding devices. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 80 / 303 70 / 127 described with reference to Figures 1 to 8. The transmitter device may include one or more 920 filters (e.g., frequency domain filters), an IFFT 925 component, and a CP 930 component, among other components.

[00125] The transmitting device may filter one or more frequency tones (e.g., resulting in time-domain waveform shaping) for transmissions to a receiving device. For example, the transmitting device may communicate (e.g., receive from transmit) a control signal indicating an allocation of a frequency band (e.g., including a first edge sub-band and a second edge sub-band). In some examples, the left tones, right tones, and center tones may pass through different 920 filters, which may be signaled from the transmitting device via the control signal allocating the frequency band or via a different control signal. The 920 filters may be frequency-domain filters, and the edge sub-band tones may be convolved by the 920 frequency-domain filters.

[00126] In some cases, the transmitting device may transmit an indication of the sub-band sizes of the left-edge tones 905, center tones 910, and right-edge tones 915 to the receiving device along with the filters 920, or the receiving device may infer the sizes (e.g., by performing channel estimation). In some examples, the sub-band sizes and filters 920 used may be the same or may be different for different symbols (e.g., data symbol, DMRS symbol) of a sub-band. The sub-band sizes Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, p. 81 / 303 The 71 / 127 band and 920 filters used may also depend on other factors. For example, the sub-band sizes and 920 filters used may depend on the type of communication band (e.g., some bands may have stringent transmission requirements), a modulation order, an allocation length (e.g., the number of feature blocks in a sub-band), an allocation placement (e.g., how close to the sub-band edge a waveform can be), an allocation type (e.g., contiguous allocation, non-contiguous allocation), a gap size in non-contiguous portions (e.g., whether the allocation type is a non-contiguous allocation), or any combination thereof.

[00127] The transmitting device can generate a first set of filtered data tones associated with the first edge sub-band and a second set of filtered data tones associated with the second edge sub-band using at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter, where the type of filter used can be based on the sub-band characteristics and described in the present invention. For example, the transmitting device can apply a first filter 920-a to left edge tones 905 (e.g., RBs on a band edge or RBs within a threshold of a band edge) and can apply a filter 920-c to right edge tones 915 (e.g., RBs on the other band edge or RBs within a threshold of the other band edge) and can apply a filter 920-ba to one or more center tones 910.Frequency domain filters 920-a and 920-c can be applied to convolve left-edge tones 905 and right-edge tones 915, respectively. In some examples, different filters may be used. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, p. 82 / 303 72 / 127 can be applied to each sub-band of a band. In some cases, one of the filters may be a trivial bypass filter (for example, the 920-b filter may be a trivial bypass filter for one or more center tones 910).

[00128] The transmitting device may transmit one or more waveforms via the frequency band based on at least the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones. For example, the transmitting device may generate OFDM waveforms for both center sub-bands and edge sub-bands. In some examples, the transmitting device may generate DFT-S waveforms (e.g., single DFTs) for edge sub-bands and OFDM waveforms for center sub-bands. In some examples, the transmitting device may generate a mixture of OFDM waveforms and DFT waveforms in center and edge sub-bands. In some examples, the use of DFT-S waveforms in center tones 910 may result in equalization evasion (e.g., for the receiver). Single carrier waveforms, or other waveforms, may be possible for edge sub-bands (e.g., left edge tones 905 and right edge tones 915).In some examples, the transmitting device may use a comb structure for DMRS on edge RBs in spectrum format (e.g., and the transmitter may provide an indication of the comb structure to the receiving device, facilitating the estimation of filters and demodulation by the receiving device). For example, in filtered sub-bands (e.g., with windows), transmission may be comb-based (e.g., to reduce the impact of ICI). Then, in one or more DMRS symbols, the same structure could be used (e.g., to use comb-based transmission). Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 83 / 303 73 / 127 in comb in the same sub-bands as the DMRS symbol). In some examples, the transmitting device may transmit an indication of the 920 filters used in the various tones (e.g., edge sub-bands and center sub-bands) to the receiver, or the receiver may estimate (e.g., based on the DMRS or the comb structure, or both) the 920 filters and may demodulate the transmission from the transmitting device based on the indicated or estimated filters. In some cases, when different filters are used in different sub-bands of the edge tone (e.g., left edge tones 905, center edge tones 910, and right edge tones 915), different modulation orders may be used.For example, for windowed edge tones (e.g., DFT-S OFDM waveforms), a more reliable modulation order (e.g., quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK)) is used, and unfiltered or windowless edge tones can use higher modulation orders (e.g., 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (64QAM), 256QAM).

[00129] Figure 10 illustrates an example of a 1000 process flow that supports spectrum modeling and sub-band spectrum modeling for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the 1000 process flow may implement or be implemented by the 100 or 200 wireless communications system. For example, the 1000 process flow may include a first device 1005-a and a second device 1005-b. In some examples, the first device 1005-a may be a UE 115 or a network entity 105, which may represent examples of Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 84 / 303 74 / 127 corresponding devices described in this invention (for example, with reference to Figures 1 and 2). For example, the second device 1005-b may be a UE 115 or a network entity 105, which may represent examples of corresponding devices as described in the present invention (for example, with reference to Figures 1 and 2). In some cases, device 1005-a may be an example of a receiving device and device 1005-b may be an example of a transmitting device, and device 1005a and device 1005-b may implement transmission and reception procedures as described in the present invention with reference to Figures 2 to 9.

[00130] In the following description of process flow 1000, the operations between device 1005-a and device 1005-b can be performed in different orders or at different times. Some operations may also be left out of process flow 1000 or other operations may be added. Although wireless device 1005-ce and wireless device 1005-d are shown performing the operations of process flow 1000, some aspects of some operations may also be performed by one or more other wireless devices.

[00131] In 1010, device 1005-b, device 1005-a, or both, can communicate a control signal indicating an allocation of a frequency band having a first edge sub-band and a second edge sub-band. For example, a network entity 105 can configure the frequency band for a UE 115. For example, the frequency band can encompass a total number of resource blocks (e.g., 100 resource blocks), including a first Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 85 / 303 75 / 127 edge sub-band (e.g., ten feature blocks including a first set of tones) and a second edge sub-band (e.g., ten feature blocks including a second set of tones). In some cases, device 1005-b may transmit to device 1005-a an indication of a bandwidth of the first edge sub-band, a bandwidth of the second edge sub-band, or both, in association with a sub-band spectrum shaping filter. Such information may be transmitted via control signaling (e.g., on 1010) or via one or more signals on 1020 (e.g., an indication of one or more filters, which may be applied to the edge sub-bands, as described in more detail with reference to Figure 9).

[00132] In 1015, the 1005-b device can generate a first set of filtered data tones (e.g., it can convolve the first set of tones with a frequency domain filter) associated with the first edge subband and a second set of filtered data tones (e.g., it can convolve the second set of tones with a frequency domain filter) associated with the second edge subband using at least one subband spectrum shaping filter. In some examples, the 1005-b device can apply the same filter to both edge subbands. In some examples, the 1005-b device can apply a first filter to the first edge subband and a second filter to the second edge subbands (e.g., as described with reference to Figure 9). In some examples, the 1005-b device can apply a first subband spectrum shaping filter to a first set of data tones associated with the first edge subband to Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, p. 86 / 303 76 / 127 generate the first set of filtered data tones and apply a second subband spectrum shaping filter to a second set of data tones associated with the second edge subband to generate the second set of filtered data tones. In some cases, the 1005b device may apply one or more filters to a third set of data tones that is associated with one or more center subbands of the frequency band. In some cases, the application of the first subband spectrum shaping filter may include convoluting the first set of data tones with the first subband spectrum shaping filter to generate the first set of filtered data tones. Additionally or alternatively, the application of the second subband spectrum shaping filter may include convoluting the second set of data tones with the second subband spectrum shaping filter to generate the second set of filtered data tones.

[00133] In 1020, in some instances, device 1005-b may transmit to device 1005a an indication of one or more filters associated with at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter. In some instances, the one or more filters may not be transmitted from device 1005-b to device 1005a. Thus, device 1005-a may estimate at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter (e.g., a frequency domain filter) based on at least the demodulation reference signal comb structure (e.g., received in 1005 or received in 1020). Device 1005-a may, in some instances, estimate the frequency domain filter values ​​(e.g., Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 87 / 303 77 / 127 FDfiitro = [-0.248, 0.5, -0.248], as described with reference to Figure 3).

[00134] In 1025, device 1005-b can transmit one or more waveforms to device 1005-a via the frequency band (for example, located in 1005), based at least on the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones. In some cases, device 1005-b can transmit a DFT-S waveform to device 1005-a via the first edge sub-band and the second edge sub-band. In some examples, device 1005-b can transmit an OFDM waveform to device 1005-a via a central sub-band of the frequency band. Additionally or alternatively, the 1005-b device can transmit one or more waveforms according to a comb structure, wherein the transmission of one or more demodulation reference signals via a demodulation reference signal symbol is based, at least in part, on the comb structure.

[00135] At 1030, device 1005-a can demodel one or more waveforms from device 1005b at 1025, based at least on the first set of filtered data tones associated with the first edge subband and the second set of filtered data tones associated with the second edge subband (for example, as described in more detail with reference to Figures 6 and 8). In this way, the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones can correspond to at least one subband spectrum shaping filter. In some cases, device 1005-a can Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, p. 88 / 303 78 / 127 demodulate one or more waveforms based at least on the indication of one or more filters (e.g., received at 1005 or 1020), or at least one estimated sub-band spectrum shaping filter. In some examples, the 1005-a device may perform an ICI equalization procedure, a mean squared estimation procedure, or both, on the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones, to demodulate one or more waveforms.

[00136] Although control signal transmission, data tone filtering, waveform generation, and waveform transmission are described as being performed by device 1005-b in the example illustrated in Figure 10, the described techniques of data tone filtering and waveform generation based on filtered data tones can be applied by anyone and used by any type of device, such as device 1005-a (for example, they can be implemented by a 105 transmission network entity or a 115 transmission UE or any other wireless device). The described techniques can therefore support improved communication reliability, improved throughput, and reduced complexity, supporting spectrum shaping for spectrum confinement.

[00137] Figure 11 illustrates a block diagram 1100 of a device 1105 that supports spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Device 1105 may be an example of aspects of a device Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 89 / 303 79 / 127 wireless transmitter, as described in the present invention. The device 1105 may include a receiver 1110, a transmitter 1115 and a communications manager 1120. The device 1105 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with each other (for example, via one or more buses).

[00138] The 1110 receiver can provide a means of receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof, associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure). The information can be passed on to other components of the 1105 device. The 1110 receiver can use a single antenna or an array of multiple antennas.

[00139] The 1115 transmitter can provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the 1105 device. For example, the 1115 transmitter can transmit information, such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof, associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure). In some examples, the 1115 transmitter may be colocated with a 1110 receiver in a transceiver module. The 1115 transmitter may utilize a single antenna or an array of multiple antennas. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 90 / 303 80 / 127

[00140] The communications manager 1120, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof, may be examples of means for carrying out various aspects of spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure, as described in the present invention. For example, the communications manager 1120, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for carrying out one or more of the functions described in the present invention.

[00141] In some examples, the communications manager 1120, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or various combinations or components thereof, may be implemented in hardware (for example, in the communications management circuitry). The hardware may include a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, configured as, or otherwise supporting, a means to perform the functions described in this disclosure. In some examples, a processor and processor-coupled memory may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described in the present invention (for example, by the processor executing instructions stored in memory).

[00142] Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, communications manager 1120, receiver 1110, transmitter 1115, or various combinations thereof. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 91 / 303 81 / 127 components thereof, may be implemented in code (for example, as communications management software or firmware) executed by a processor. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the communications manager 1120, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or various combinations or components thereof, may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination thereof, or other programmable logic devices (for example, configured as or otherwise supporting a means to perform the functions described in this disclosure).

[00143] In some examples, the communications manager 1120 can be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, transmit, broadcast) using, or otherwise cooperating with, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or both. For example, the communications manager 1120 can receive information from the receiver 1110, send information to the transmitter 1115, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or both to obtain information, transmit information, or perform various other operations, as described in the present invention.

[00144] The 1120 communications manager can support wireless communications in a transmitting device according to the examples disclosed in the present invention. For example, the 1120 communications manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means for communicating control signaling indicating an allocation of a frequency band having a first sub-band of Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 92 / 303 The 1120 communications manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means of generating a first set of filtered data tones associated with the first sub-edge band and a second set of filtered data tones associated with the second sub-edge band using at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter. The 1120 communications manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means of transmitting one or more waveforms via the frequency band based on the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones.

[00145] By including or configuring the communications manager 1120, according to examples described in the present invention, the device 1105 (for example, a processor controlling, or otherwise coupled to, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, the communications manager 1120, or a combination thereof) can support techniques for sub-band filtering resulting in increased data transfer rate, decreased noise and interference, more reliable transmissions and improved user experience.

[00146] Figure 12 illustrates a 1200 block diagram of a 1205 device supporting spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The 1205 device may be an example of aspects of a 1105 device or of a wireless device (e.g., a UE 115 or a base station 105) as described in the present invention. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 93 / 303 83 / 127 Device 1205 may include a receiver 1210, a transmitter 1215, and a communications manager 1220. Device 1205 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (for example, via one or more buses).

[00147] The 1210 receiver can provide a means of receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof, associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure). The information can be passed on to other components of the 1205 device. The 1210 receiver can use a single antenna or an array of multiple antennas.

[00148] The transmitter 1215 can provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 1205. For example, the transmitter 1215 can transmit information, such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof, associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure). In some examples, the transmitter 1215 may be colocated with a receiver 1210 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 1215 may utilize a single antenna or an array of multiple antennas.

[00149] Device 1205, or various components Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 94 / 303 84 / 127 thereof, may be an example of a means for performing various aspects of spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure as described in the present invention. For example, the communications manager 1220 may include a frequency band allocation manager 1225, a sub-band filter manager 1230, a waveform manager 1235, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 1220 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1120, as described in the present invention. In some examples, the communications manager 1220, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, emit, transmit) using, or otherwise cooperating with, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or both.For example, the communications manager 1220 can receive information from the receiver 1210, send information to the transmitter 1215, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or both, to obtain information, transmit information, or perform various other operations, as described in the present invention.

[00150] The communications manager 1220 can support wireless communications in a transmitting device according to the examples disclosed in the present invention. The frequency band allocation manager 1225 can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means for communicating a control signal indicating an allocation of a frequency band having a first edge sub-band and a second edge sub-band. The sub-band filter manager 1230 can be configured as, or otherwise Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 95 / 303 85 / 127 support, a means to generate a first set of filtered data tones associated with the first edge sub-band and a second set of filtered data tones associated with the second edge sub-band using at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter. The 1235 waveform manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means to transmit one or more waveforms via the frequency band based on the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones.

[00151] Figure 13 illustrates a block diagram 1300 of a communications manager 1320 that supports spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 1320 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1120, a communications manager 1220, or both, as described in the present invention. The communications manager 1320, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for carrying out various aspects of spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure as described in the present invention.For example, the communications manager 1320 may include a frequency band allocation manager 1325, a subband filter manager 1330, a waveform manager 1335, an edge subband waveform manager 1340, a center subband waveform manager 1345, a filter manager 1350, a DMRS manager 1355, or any combination thereof. Each of these components... Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 96 / 303 86 / 127 can communicate with each other, directly or indirectly (for example, via one or more buses).

[00152] The communications manager 1320 can support wireless communications in a transmitting device according to the examples disclosed in the present invention. The frequency band allocation manager 1325 can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means for communicating a control signal indicating an allocation of a frequency band having a first edge sub-band and a second edge sub-band. The sub-band filter manager 1330 can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means for generating a first set of filtered data tones associated with the first edge sub-band and a second set of filtered data tones associated with the second edge sub-band using at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter.The 1335 waveform manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means of transmitting one or more waveforms via the frequency band based on the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones.

[00153] In some examples, to support the transmission of one or more waveforms, the 1340 edge subband waveform manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means of transmitting a discrete Fourier transform spreading waveform via the first edge subband and the second edge subband. In some examples, to support the transmission of one or more waveforms, the 1345 center subband waveform manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means of transmitting a Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 97 / 303 87 / 127 multiplexed frequency domain waveform orthogonal via a central sub-band of the frequency band.

[00154] In some examples, the 1350 filter manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means of transmitting, to a receiving device, an indication of one or more filters associated with at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter.

[00155] In some examples, the 1350 filter manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means of transmitting to a receiving device an indication of a first edge subband bandwidth, a second edge subband bandwidth, or both, associated with at least one subband spectrum shaping filter.

[00156] In some examples, the DMRS 1355 manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means of transmitting one or more waveforms according to a comb structure, where the transmission of one or more demodulation reference signals via a demodulation reference signal symbol is based on the comb structure.

[00157] In some instances, to support the generation of the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones, the 1350 filter manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means of applying a first sub-band spectrum shaping filter to a first set of data tones associated with the first edge sub-band to generate the first set of filtered data tones. In some instances, to support the generation of the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, pp. 98 / 303 88 / 127 filtered, the 1350 filter manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means to apply a second sub-band spectrum shaping filter to a second set of data tones associated with the second edge subband to generate the second set of filtered data tones.

[00158] In some examples, the 1350 filter manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means of applying one or more filters to a third set of data tones that is associated with one or more central sub-bands of the frequency band.

[00159] In some instances, to support the application of the first subband spectrum shaping filter, the 1350 filter manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means of convolving the first set of data tones with the first subband spectrum shaping filter to generate the first set of filtered data tones and where the application of the second subband spectrum shaping filter is included. In some instances, to support the application of the first subband spectrum shaping filter, the 1350 filter manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means of convolving the second set of data tones with the second subband spectrum shaping filter to generate the second set of filtered data tones.

[00160] Figure 14 illustrates a diagram of a 1400 system including a 1405 device that supports spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and structure of Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 99 / 303 89 / 127 transceiver according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Device 1405 may be an example of, or include, the components of, device 1105, device 1205, or a wireless transmitter device as described in the present invention. Device 1405 may include components for bidirectional voice and data communications, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 1420, an I / O controller 1410, a transceiver 1415, an antenna 1425, a memory 1430, code 1435, and a processor 1440. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operationally, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1445).

[00161] The 1410 I / O controller can manage input and output signals for the 1405 device. The 1410 I / O controller can also manage peripherals not integrated into the 1405 device. In some cases, the 1410 I / O controller can represent a physical connection or a port for an external peripheral. In some cases, the 1410 I / O controller can utilize an operating system, such as iOS®, ANDROID®, MS-DOS®, MS-WINDOWS®, OS / 2®, UNIX®, LINUX®, or another known operating system. Additionally or alternatively, the 1410 I / O controller can represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touch screen, or a similar device. In some cases, the 1410 I / O controller may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the 1440 processor. In some cases, a user may interact with the 1405 device via the 1410 I / O controller or via hardware components. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, pp. 100 / 303 90 / 127 controlled by the 1410 I / O controller.

[00162] In some cases, the 1405 device may include a single 1425 antenna. However, in some other cases, the 1405 device may have more than one 1425 antenna, which may be capable of simultaneously transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The 1415 transceiver may communicate bidirectionally, via one or more 1425 antennas, wired or wireless links, as described in the present invention. For example, the 1415 transceiver may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The 1415 transceiver may also include a modem to modulate packets, to provide modulated packets to one or more 1425 antennas for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from one or more 1425 antennas.Transceiver 1415, or transceiver 1415 and one or more antennas 1425, may be an example of a transmitter 1115, a transmitter 1215, a receiver 1110, a receiver 1210, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described in this invention.

[00163] Memory 1430 may include RAM and ROM. Memory 1430 may store computer-readable and computer-executable code 1435 including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1440, cause the device 1405 to perform various functions described in the present invention. The code 1435 may be stored in a non-transient, computer-readable medium, such as system memory or other type of memory. In some cases, the code 1435 may not be directly executable by the processor 1440, but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, pp. 101 / 303 91 / 127 described in the present invention. In some cases, the 1430 memory may contain, among other things, a BIOS that can control basic hardware or software operation, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[00164] The 1440 processor may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the 1440 processor may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the 1440 processor. The 1440 processor may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., 1430 memory) to enable the 1405 device to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting spectrum shaping or sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure).For example, device 1405 or a component of device 1405 may include a processor 1440 and a memory 1430 coupled to the processor 1440, the processor 1440 and the memory 1430 configured to perform various functions described in the present invention.

[00165] The 1420 communications manager can support wireless communications on a transmitting device according to the examples disclosed in the present invention. For example, the 1420 communications manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means for Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, pp. 102 / 303 92 / 127 communicate control signaling indicating an allocation of a frequency band having a first edge sub-band and a second edge sub-band. The 1420 communications manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means of generating a first set of filtered data tones associated with the first edge sub-band and a second set of filtered data tones associated with the second edge sub-band using at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter. The 1420 communications manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means of transmitting one or more waveforms via the frequency band based on the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones.

[00166] By including or configuring the communications manager 1420 according to examples as described in the present invention, the device 1405 can support techniques for sub-band filtering resulting in increased transfer rate, decreased noise and interference, more reliable transmissions, more efficient use of system resources, decreased processing costs and improved user experience.

[00167] In some examples, the communications manager 1420 can be configured to perform various operations (e.g., reception, monitoring, transmission) using, or otherwise cooperating with, the transceiver 1415, one or more antennas 1425, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1420 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions are described with reference to the manager. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, pp. 103 / 303 93 / 127 of communications 1420 may be supported or performed by processor 1440, memory 1430, code 1435, or any combination thereof. For example, code 1435 may include instructions executable by processor 1440 to enable device 1405 to perform various aspects of spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure, as described in the present invention, or processor 1440 and memory 1430 may otherwise be configured to perform or support such operations.

[00168] Figure 15 illustrates a block diagram 1500 of a device 1505 that supports spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1505 may be an example of aspects of a wireless receiver device as described in the present invention. The device 1505 may include a receiver 1510, a transmitter 1515, and a communications manager 1520. The device 1505 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[00169] Receiver 1510 can provide a means to obtain (e.g., receive, determine, identify) information, such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units), associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack). As Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, pp. 104 / 303 94 / 127 information can be passed on to other components of the device 1505. In some examples, the receiver 1510 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the receiver 1510 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired interfaces (e.g., electrical, fiber optic), wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[00170] The 1515 transmitter can provide a means for emitting (e.g., transmitting, providing, transporting, sending) information generated by other components of the 1505 device. For example, the 1515 transmitter can emit information, such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units), associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack). In some examples, the 1515 transmitter can support the emission of information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the 1515 transmitter can support the emission of information by transmitting signals via one or more wired interfaces (e.g., electrical, fiber optic), wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.In some examples, the 1515 transmitter and the 1510 receiver may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled to a modem.

[00171] The communications manager 1520, the receiver 1510, the transmitter 1515, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof, may be examples. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, pp. 105 / 303 95 / 127 means for performing various aspects of spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure, as described in the present invention. For example, the communications manager 1520, the receiver 1510, the transmitter 1515, or various combinations or components thereof, may support a method for performing one or more of the functions described in the present invention.

[00172] In some examples, the communications manager 1520, the receiver 1510, the transmitter 1515, or various combinations or components thereof, may be implemented in hardware (for example, in the communications management circuitry). The hardware may include a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, configured as, or otherwise supporting, a means to perform the functions described in this disclosure. In some examples, a processor and processor-coupled memory may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described in the present invention (for example, by the processor executing instructions stored in memory).

[00173] Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communications manager 1520, the receiver 1510, the transmitter 1515, or various combinations or components thereof, may be implemented in code (for example, as communications management software or firmware) executed by a processor. Case Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, pp. 106 / 303 96 / 127 implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the communications manager 1520, the receiver 1510, the transmitter 1515, or various combinations or components thereof, may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination thereof, or other programmable logic devices (for example, configured as or otherwise supporting a means to perform the functions described in this disclosure).

[00174] In some examples, the communications manager 1520 can be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, transmit, broadcast) using, or otherwise cooperating with, the receiver 1510, the transmitter 1515, or both. For example, the communications manager 1520 can receive information from the receiver 1510, send information to the transmitter 1515, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1510, the transmitter 1515, or both to obtain information, transmit information, or perform various other operations, as described in the present invention.

[00175] The 1520 communications manager can support wireless communications in a receiving device according to the examples disclosed in the present invention. For example, the 1520 communications manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means for communicating control signaling indicating an allocation of a frequency band having a first edge sub-band and a second edge sub-band. The 1520 communications manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means for receiving one or more forms of Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, pp. 107 / 303 97 / 127 waveform via the frequency band. The 1520 communications manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means of demodulating one or more waveforms based on a first set of filtered data tones associated with the first edge sub-band and a second set of filtered data tones associated with the second edge sub-band, the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones corresponding to at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter.

[00176] By including or configuring the communications manager 1520, according to examples described in the present invention, the device 1505 (for example, a processor controlling, or otherwise coupled to, the receiver 1510, the transmitter 1515, the communications manager 1520, or a combination thereof) can support techniques for sub-band filtering resulting in increased data transfer rate, decreased noise and interference, more reliable transmissions and improved user experience.

[00177] Figure 16 illustrates a 1600 block diagram of a 1605 device supporting spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The 1605 device may be an example of aspects of a 1505 device or a wireless receiver device (e.g., a UE 115 or a base station 105) as described in the present invention. The 1605 device may include a receiver 1610, a transmitter 1615, and a communications manager 1620. The 1605 device may also include a processor. Each Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, pp. 108 / 303 98 / 127 one of these components may be communicating with each other (for example, via one or more buses).

[00178] The 1610 receiver may provide a means of obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information, such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units), associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack). The information may be passed on to other components of the 1605 device. In some examples, the 1610 receiver may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the 1610 receiver may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired interfaces (e.g., electrical, fiber optic), wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[00179] The 1615 transmitter can provide a means for emitting (e.g., transmitting, providing, transporting, sending) information generated by other components of the 1605 device. For example, the 1615 transmitter can emit information, such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units), associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack). In some examples, the 1615 transmitter can support the emission of information by transmitting signals via one or Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, pp. 109 / 303 99 / 127 plus antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the 1615 transmitter may support the transmission of information by transmitting signals via one or more wired interfaces (e.g., electrical, fiber optic), wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the 1615 transmitter and the 1610 receiver may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled to a modem.

[00180] The device 1605, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for carrying out various aspects of spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure as described in the present invention. For example, the communications manager 1620 may include a frequency band allocation manager 1625, a waveform manager 1630, a demodulation manager 1635, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 1620 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1520, as described in the present invention. In some examples, the communications manager 1620, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, transmit, broadcast) using, or otherwise cooperating with, the receiver 1610, the transmitter 1615, or both.For example, the communications manager 1620 can receive information from the receiver 1610, send information to the transmitter 1615, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1610, the transmitter 1615, or both, to obtain information, transmit information, or perform various other operations, as described in the present invention.

[00181] The 1620 communications manager can Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 110 / 303 100 / 127 support wireless communications in a receiving device according to the examples disclosed in the present invention. The frequency band allocation manager 1625 can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means for communicating a control signal indicating an allocation of a frequency band having a first edge sub-band and a second edge sub-band. The waveform manager 1630 can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means for receiving one or more waveforms via the frequency band.The 1635 demodulation manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means of demodulating one or more waveforms based on a first set of filtered data tones associated with the first edge sub-band and a second set of filtered data tones associated with the second edge sub-band, the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones corresponding to at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter.

[00182] Figure 17 illustrates a 1700 block diagram of a 1720 communications manager that supports spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The 1720 communications manager may be an example of aspects of a 1520 communications manager, a 1620 communications manager, or both, as described in the present invention. The 1720 communications manager, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for realizing various aspects of spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 111 / 303 101 / 127 for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure as described in the present invention. For example, the communications manager 1720 may include a frequency band allocation manager 1725, a waveform manager 1730, a demodulation manager 1735, a filter manager 1740, a DMRS manager 1745, an equalization manager 1750, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate, directly or indirectly, with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[00183] The communications manager 1720 can support wireless communications in a receiving device according to the examples disclosed in the present invention. The frequency band allocation manager 1725 can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means for communicating a control signal indicating an allocation of a frequency band having a first edge sub-band and a second edge sub-band. The waveform manager 1730 can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means for receiving one or more waveforms via the frequency band.The 1735 demodulation manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means of demodulating one or more waveforms based on a first set of filtered data tones associated with the first edge sub-band and a second set of filtered data tones associated with the second edge sub-band, the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones corresponding to at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter.

[00184] In some examples, to support the Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 112 / 303 102 / 127 reception of one or more waveforms, the 1730 waveform manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means for receiving a discrete Fourier transform spreading waveform via the first edge sub-band and the second edge sub-band. In some examples, to support the reception of one or more waveforms, the 1730 waveform manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means for receiving an orthogonal frequency-domain multiplexed waveform via a center frequency band sub-band.

[00185] In some examples, the 1740 filter manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means of transmitting, from a transmitting device, an indication of one or more filters associated with at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter, where the demodulation of one or more waveforms is based on the indication of one or more filters.

[00186] In some examples, the 1725 frequency band allocation manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means of receiving, from the transmitting device, an indication of a first edge sub-band bandwidth, a second edge sub-band bandwidth, or both, associated with at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter.

[00187] In some examples, the DMRS 1745 manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means of receiving, from a transmitting device, one or more waveforms according to a comb structure, where the reception of one or more signals Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 113 / 303 The 103 / 127 demodulation reference via a demodulation reference signal symbol is based on a comb structure.

[00188] In some examples, the 1740 filter manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means for estimating at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter based on the demodulation reference signal comb structure, where the demodulation of one or more waveforms is based on at least one estimated sub-band spectrum shaping filter.

[00189] In some instances, to support the demodulation of one or more waveforms, the 1750 equalization manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means to perform an intercarrier interference equalization procedure on the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones.

[00190] In some examples, to support the demodulation of one or more waveforms, the 1735 demodulation manager can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means to perform a mean squared estimation procedure on the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones.

[00191] Figure 18 illustrates a diagram of an 1800 system including an 1805 device that supports spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The 1805 device may be an example of, or include the components of, a 1505 device, a 1605 device Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 114 / 303 104 / 127 or a wireless receiving device, as described in the present invention. The device 1805 may include components for bidirectional voice and data communications that include components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 1820, a transceiver 1810, an antenna 1815, a memory 1825, a code 1830 and a processor 1835. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operationally, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1840).

[00192] The 1810 transceiver can support bidirectional communications via wired links, wireless links, or both, as described in the present invention. In some examples, the 1810 transceiver may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the 1810 transceiver may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the 1805 device may include one or more 1815 antennas, which may have the capability to transmit or receive wireless transmissions (e.g., simultaneously). The 1810 transceiver may also include a modem for modulating signals, for providing modulated signals for transmission (e.g., by one or more 1815 antennas, by a wired transmitter), for receiving modulated signals (e.g., from one or more 1815 antennas, by a wired receiver) and for demodulating signals.In some implementations, the 1810 transceiver may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled to a single or multiple interface. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, pp. 115 / 303 105 / 127 plus 1815 antennas that are configured to support various receive or obtain operations, or one or more interfaces coupled to one or more 1815 antennas that are configured to support various transmit or transmit operations or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the 1810 transceiver may include or be configured for coupling with one or more processors or memory components that are operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other emission or any combination thereof.In some implementations, the 1810 transceiver, or the 1810 transceiver and one or more 1815 antennas, or the 1810 transceiver and one or more 1815 antennas and one or more processors or memory components (for example, the 1835 processor, or the 1825 memory, or both), may be included in a chip or a set of chips that is installed in the 1805 device. In some examples, the transceiver may be operable to support communications via one or more communication links (for example, a 125 communication link, a 120 backhaul communication link, a 162 midhaul communication link, a 168 fronthaul communication link).

[00193] 1825 memory can include RAM and ROM. Memory 1825 can store computer-readable and computer-executable code 1830, including instructions that, when executed by processor 1835, cause device 1805 to perform various functions described in the present invention. The code 1830 can be stored in a non-transient, computer-readable medium, such as system memory or other type of memory. In some Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 116 / 303 In cases 106 / 127, the 1830 code may not be directly executable by the 1835 processor, but it can enable a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described in the present invention. In some cases, the 1825 memory may contain, among other things, a BIOS that can control basic hardware or software operation, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[00194] The 1835 processor may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA, a microcontroller, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the 1835 processor may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the 1835 processor. The 1835 processor may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., 1825 memory) to enable the 1805 device to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting spectrum shaping or sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure).For example, the 1805 device or a component of the 1805 device may include an 1835 processor and 1825 memory coupled to the 1835 processor, the 1835 processor and 1825 memory configured to perform various functions described in the present invention. The 1835 processor may be an example of a cloud computing platform (e.g., a...). Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 117 / 303 107 / 127 or more physical nodes and supporting software (such as operating systems, virtual machines, or container instances) that can host the functions (e.g., executing 1830 code) to perform the functions of the 1805 device. The 1835 processor can be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions from one or more software programs stored on the 1805 device (such as within 1825 memory). In some implementations, the 1835 processor may be a component of a processing system. A processing system can generally refer to a system or a series of machines or components that receive inputs and process the inputs to produce a set of outputs (which may be passed to other systems or components, e.g., the 1805 device).For example, an 1805 device processing system may refer to a system including the various other components or subcomponents of the 1805 device, such as the 1835 processor, or the 1810 transceiver, or the 1820 communications manager, or other components or combinations of components of the 1805 device. The 1805 device processing system may interface with other components of the 1805 device and may process information received from other components (such as inputs or signals) or may transmit information to other components. For example, an 1805 device chip or modem may include a processing system and one or more interfaces for transmitting information, for receiving information, or both. The one or more interfaces may be implemented as or otherwise include a first interface. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 118 / 303 108 / 127 configured to transmit information and a second interface configured to receive information, or the same interface configured to transmit and receive information, among other implementations. In some implementations, the one or more interfaces may refer to an interface between the chip or modem processing system and a transmitter, so that the 1805 device can transmit information emitted from the chip or modem. Additionally or alternatively, in some implementations, the one or more interfaces may refer to an interface between the chip or modem processing system and a receiver, so that the 1805 device can receive information or signal inputs and the information can be passed to the processing system. A person skilled in the art will readily recognize that a first interface may also receive information or signal inputs, and a second interface may also transmit information or signal outputs.

[00195] In some examples, an 1840 bus may support communications of (for example, within) a protocol layer of a protocol stack. In some examples, an 1840 bus may support communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (for example, between protocol layers of a protocol stack), which may include communications performed within a component of the 1805 device or between different components of the 1805 device that may be colocated or located in different locations (for example, where the 1805 device may refer to a system in which one or more of the 1820 communications manager, the 1810 transceiver, the 1825 memory, the 1830 code, and the Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, p. 119 / 303 109 / 127 processor 1835 may be located in one of the different components or divided among different components).

[00196] In some examples, the communications manager 1820 may manage aspects of communications with a core network 130 (for example, via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links). For example, the communications manager 1820 may manage the transfer of data communications to client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communications manager 1820 may manage communications with other network entities 105 and may include a controller or scheduler to control communications with UEs 115 in cooperation with other network entities 105. In some examples, the communications manager 1820 may support an X2 interface in an LTE / LTE-A wireless communications network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.

[00197] The communications manager 1820 can support wireless communications in a receiving device according to the examples disclosed in the present invention. For example, the communications manager 1820 can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means for communicating control signaling indicating an allocation of a frequency band having a first edge sub-band and a second edge sub-band. The communications manager 1820 can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means for receiving one or more waveforms via the frequency band. The communications manager 1820 can be configured as, or otherwise support, a means for demodulating the one or more waveforms with Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, pp. 120 / 303 110 / 127 based on a first set of filtered data tones associated with the first edge sub-band and a second set of filtered data tones associated with the second edge sub-band, the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones corresponding to at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter.

[00198] By including or configuring the 1820 communications manager according to examples as described in the present invention, the 1805 device can support techniques for sub-band filtering resulting in increased transfer rate, decreased noise and interference, more reliable transmissions, more efficient use of system resources, decreased processing costs and improved user experience.

[00199] In some examples, the communications manager 1820 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, transmit, broadcast) using, or otherwise cooperating with, the transceiver 1810, one or more antennas 1815 (e.g., where applicable), or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1820 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1820 may be supported or performed by the transceiver 1810, the processor 1835, the memory 1825, the code 1830, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1830 may include instructions executable by the processor 1835 to make the device 1805 perform various aspects of spectrum shaping and subband spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and structure of Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 121 / 303 The 111 / 127 transceiver, as described in the present invention, or the 1835 processor and 1825 memory can be configured in another way to perform or support such operations.

[00200] Figure 19 illustrates a flowchart illustrating a 1900 method that supports spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the 1900 method can be implemented by a wireless transmitter device or its components, as described in the present invention. For example, the operations of the 1900 method can be performed by a wireless transmitter device, as described with reference to Figures 1 to 14. In some examples, a wireless transmitter device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless transmitter device to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless transmitter device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.

[00201] In 1905, the method may include control signaling communication indicating an allocation of a frequency band having a first edge subband and a second edge subband. The 1905 operations may be performed according to examples as disclosed in the present invention. In some examples, aspects of the 1905 operations may be performed by a frequency band allocation manager 1325, as described with reference to Figure 13.

[00202] In 1910, the method may include generating a first set of filtered data tones associated with Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 122 / 303 112 / 127 first edge sub-band and a second set of filtered data tones associated with the second edge sub-band using at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter. The operations of 1910 can be performed according to examples as disclosed in the present invention. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1910 can be performed by a sub-band filter manager 1330, as described with reference to Figure 13.

[00203] In 1915, the method may include the transmission of one or more waveforms via the frequency band based on the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones. The operations of 1915 may be performed according to examples as disclosed in the present invention. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1915 may be performed by a waveform manager 1335, as described with reference to Figure 13.

[00204] Figure 20 illustrates a flowchart illustrating a method 2000 that supports spectrum modeling and sub-band spectrum modeling for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method 2000 can be implemented by a wireless transmitter device or its components, as described in the present invention. For example, the operations of method 2000 can be performed by a wireless transmitter device, as described with reference to Figures 1 to 14. In some examples, a wireless transmitter device can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless transmitter device to perform the functions. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, pp. 123 / 303 113 / 127 described. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless transmitter device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.

[00205] In 2005, the method may include control signaling communication indicating an allocation of a frequency band having a first edge subband and a second edge subband. The 2005 operations may be performed according to examples as disclosed in the present invention. In some examples, aspects of the 2005 operations may be performed by a frequency band allocation manager 1325, as described with reference to Figure 13.

[00206] In 2010, the method may include generating a first set of filtered data tones associated with the first edge sub-band and a second set of filtered data tones associated with the second edge sub-band using at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter. The 2010 operations may be performed according to examples as disclosed in the present invention. In some examples, aspects of the 2010 operations may be performed by a 1330 sub-band filter manager, as described with reference to Figure 13.

[00207] In 2015, the method may include transmitting to a receiving device an indication of one or more filters associated with at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter. The 2015 operations may be performed according to examples as disclosed in the present invention. In some examples, aspects of the 2015 operations may be performed by a 1350 filter manager, as described with reference to Figure 13. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, pp. 124 / 303 114 / 127

[00208] In 2020, the method may include transmitting one or more waveforms via the frequency band based on the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones. The 2020 operations may be performed according to examples as disclosed in this invention. In some examples, aspects of the 2020 operations may be performed by a 1335 waveform manager, as described with reference to Figure 13.

[00209] Figure 21 illustrates a flowchart illustrating a method 2100 that supports spectrum shaping and sub-band spectrum shaping for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method 2100 can be implemented by a wireless receiver device or its components, as described in the present invention. For example, the operations of method 2100 can be performed by a wireless receiver device, as described with reference to Figures 1 to 10 and 15 to 18. In some examples, a wireless receiver device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless receiver device to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless receiver device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.

[00210] In 2105, the method may include control signaling communication indicating an allocation of a frequency band having a first edge subband and a second edge subband. 2105 operations may be performed according to examples, as per Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 125 / 303 115 / 127 disclosed in the present invention. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2105 can be performed by a frequency band allocation manager 1725, as described with reference to Figure 17.

[00211] In 2110, the method may include receiving one or more waveforms via the frequency band. The operations of 2110 may be performed according to examples as disclosed in the present invention. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2110 may be performed by a waveform manager 1730, as described with reference to Figure 17.

[00212] In 2115, the method may include demodulation of one or more waveforms based on a first set of filtered data tones associated with the first edge sub-band and a second set of filtered data tones associated with the second edge sub-band, the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones corresponding to at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter. The operations of 2115 may be performed according to examples as disclosed in this invention. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2115 may be performed by a demodulation manager 1735, as described with reference to Figure 17.

[00213] Figure 22 illustrates a flowchart illustrating a 2200 method that supports spectrum modeling and sub-band spectrum modeling for strong spectrum confinement and transceiver structure according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the 2200 method can be implemented by a wireless receiver device. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 126 / 303 116 / 127 or its components, as described in the present invention. For example, the operations of method 2200 can be performed by a wireless receiving device, as described with reference to Figures 1 to 10 and 15 to 18. In some examples, a wireless receiving device can execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless receiving device to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless receiving device can perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.

[00214] In 2205, the method may include control signaling communication indicating an allocation of a frequency band having a first edge subband and a second edge subband. The operations of 2205 may be performed according to examples as disclosed in the present invention. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2205 may be performed by a frequency band allocation manager 1725, as described with reference to Figure 17.

[00215] In 2210, the method may include receiving, from a transmitting device, an indication of one or more filters associated with at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter, where the demodulation of one or more waveforms is based on the indication of one or more filters. The operations of 2210 may be performed according to examples as disclosed in the present invention. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2210 may be performed by a filter manager 1740, as described with reference to Figure 17.

[00216] In 2215, the method may include receiving Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 127 / 303 117 / 127 one or more waveforms via the frequency band. The operations of 2215 can be performed according to examples, as disclosed in the present invention. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2215 can be performed by a waveform manager 1730, as described with reference to Figure 17.

[00217] In 2220, the method may include demodulation of one or more waveforms based on a first set of filtered data tones associated with the first edge sub-band and a second set of filtered data tones associated with the second edge sub-band, the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones corresponding to at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter. The operations of 2220 may be performed according to examples as disclosed in this invention. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2220 may be performed by a demodulation manager 1735, as described with reference to Figure 17.

[00218] The following section provides an overview of aspects of this disclosure:

[00219] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communications in a transmitting device, comprising: communicating control signaling indicating an allocation of a frequency band having a first edge sub-band and a second edge sub-band; generating a first set of filtered data tones associated with the first edge sub-band and a second set of filtered data tones associated with the second edge sub-band using at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter; and transmitting Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 128 / 303 118 / 127 one or more waveforms via the frequency band based at least in part on the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones.

[00220] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, wherein the transmission of one or more waveforms comprises: transmitting a DFT-S waveform via the first edge sub-band and the second edge sub-band; and transmitting an OFDM waveform via a central sub-band of the frequency band.

[00221] Aspect 3: The method of any of aspects 1 to 2, which further comprises: transmitting to a receiving device an indication of one or more filters associated with at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter.

[00222] Aspect 4: The method of any of aspects 1 to 3, which further comprises: transmitting to a receiving device an indication of a bandwidth of the first edge sub-band, a bandwidth of the second edge sub-band, or both, associated with at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter.

[00223] Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the transmission of one or more waveforms further comprises: transmitting one or more waveforms in accordance with a comb structure, wherein the transmission of one or more DMRS via a DMRS symbol is based, at least in part, on the comb structure.

[00224] Aspect 6: The method of any of aspects 1 to 5, wherein the generation of the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones comprises: applying a first modeling filter Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, pp. 129 / 303 119 / 127 of sub-band spectrum to a first set of data tones associated with the first edge sub-band to generate the first set of filtered data tones; and apply a second sub-band spectrum shaping filter to a second set of data tones associated with the second edge sub-band to generate the second set of filtered data tones.

[00225] Aspect 7: The method of aspect 6, which additionally comprises: applying one or more filters to a third set of data tones that is associated with one or more central sub-bands of the frequency band.

[00226] Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 6 to 7, wherein the application of the first sub-band spectrum modeling filter comprises: the convolution of the first set of data tones with the first sub-band spectrum modeling filter to generate the first set of filtered data tones, and wherein the application of the second sub-band spectrum modeling filter comprises: the convolution of the second set of data tones with the second sub-band spectrum modeling filter to generate the second set of filtered data tones.

[00227] Aspect 9: A method for wireless communications in a receiving device, comprising: communicating control signaling indicating an allocation of a frequency band having a first edge sub-band and a second edge sub-band; receiving one or more waveforms via the frequency band; and demodulating the one or more waveforms based, at least in part, on a first set of filtered data tones associated with the first edge sub-band and a second set of tones. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, pp. 130 / 303 120 / 127 of filtered data associated with the second edge sub-band, the first set of filtered data tones, and the second set of filtered data tones corresponding to at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter.

[00228] Aspect 10: The method of aspect 9, in which receiving one or more waveforms comprises: receiving a DFT-S waveform via the first edge sub-band and the second edge sub-band; and receiving an OFDM waveform via a central frequency band sub-band.

[00229] Aspect 11: The method of any of aspects 9 to 10, which further comprises: receiving, from a transmitting device, an indication of one or more filters associated with at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter, wherein the demodulation of one or more waveforms is based, at least in part, on the indication of one or more filters.

[00230] Aspect 12: The method of aspect 11, which further comprises: receiving, from the transmitting device, an indication of a bandwidth of the first edge sub-band, a bandwidth of the second edge sub-band, or both, associated with at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter.

[00231] Aspect 13: The method of any of aspects 9 to 12, in which receiving one or more waveforms further comprises: receiving, from a transmitting device, one or more waveforms according to a comb structure, wherein the reception of one or more DMRS via a DMRS symbol is based, at least in part, on the comb structure.

[00232] Aspect 14: The aspect 13 method, which Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, pp. 131 / 303 121 / 127 further comprises: estimating at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter based, at least in part, on the DMRS comb structure, wherein the demodulation of one or more waveforms is based, at least in part, on the estimated sub-band spectrum shaping filter.

[00233] Aspect 15: The method of any of aspects 9 to 14, in which the demodulation of one or more waveforms comprises: performing an interference equalization procedure between carriers on the first set of filtered data tones and on the second set of filtered data tones.

[00234] Aspect 16: The method of any of aspects 9 to 15, in which the demodulation of one or more waveforms comprises: performing a mean square estimation procedure on the first set of filtered data tones and on the second set of filtered data tones.

[00235] Aspect 17: An apparatus for wireless communications in a transmitting device comprising a processor; memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in memory and executable by the processor to make the apparatus perform a method of any of aspects 1 to 8.

[00236] Aspect 18: An apparatus for wireless communications in a transmitting device comprising at least one means for carrying out a method of any of aspects 1 to 8.

[00237] Aspect 19: A non-transient, computer-readable medium that stores code for wireless communications in a transmitting device, being Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 132 / 303 122 / 127 that the code comprises instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of aspects 1 to 8.

[00238] Aspect 20: An apparatus for wireless communications in a receiving device comprising a processor; memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in memory and executable by the processor to make the apparatus perform a method of any of aspects 9 to 16.

[00239] Aspect 21: An apparatus for wireless communications in a receiving device comprising at least one means for carrying out a method of any of aspects 9 to 16.

[00240] Aspect 22: A non-transient, computer-readable medium that stores code for wireless communications in a receiving device, wherein the code comprises instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of Aspects 9 to 16.

[00241] It should be noted that the methods described in the present invention describe possible implementations and that the operations and steps may be rearranged or modified in other ways and that other implementations are possible. Additionally, aspects of two or more of the methods may be combined.

[00242] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for illustrative purposes and the terminology LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR may be used throughout the description, the techniques described in the present invention are applicable beyond networks. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 133 / 303 123 / 127 LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro or NR. For example, the techniques described may be applicable to various other wireless communication systems, such as ultra mobile broadband (UMB), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other radio systems and technologies not explicitly mentioned in the present invention.

[00243] The information and signals described in the present invention can be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be mentioned throughout the description can be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic particles or fields, optical particles or fields, or any combination thereof.

[00244] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure of the present invention may be implemented or realized with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA, or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described in the present invention. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but alternatively, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 134 / 303 124 / 127 (combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors together with a DSP core, or any other configuration).

[00245] The functions described in the present invention can be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions can be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or codes in a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of the software, the functions described in the present invention can be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations thereof. The attributes that implement the functions can also be physically located in various positions, including being distributed so that portions of the functions are implemented in different physical locations.

[00246] Computer-readable media include both non-transient computer storage media and communication media, which include any means that facilitate the transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transient storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transient computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, programmable and erasable ROM. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 135 / 303 125 / 127 electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disk ROM (CD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transient medium that can be used to carry or store the desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures, and that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Furthermore, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium.For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless communication technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless communication technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable media. Discs (disk and disc), as used in the present invention, include CDs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs. Discs can reproduce data magnetically, while disks can reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included in the scope of computer-readable media.

[00247] As used in the present invention, including in the claims, or as used in a list of items (for example, a list of items preceded by Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 136 / 303 126 / 127 a phrase such as at least one of or one or more of indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (that is, A and B and C). Furthermore, as used in the present invention, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as being based on condition A may be based on condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used in the present invention, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same way as the phrase "based on, at least in part."

[00248] The term determine or determination encompasses a variety of actions and therefore determining can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, searching (as via searching in a table, a database or other data structure), verifying and the like. Furthermore, determining can include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory) and the like. Additionally, determining can include solving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing and other similar actions.

[00249] In the attached figures, similar components or attributes may have the same reference label. Additionally, several components of the same type may be distinguished by placing, after the reference label, a dash and a second label that distinguishes between similar components. If only the first reference label is used in the descriptive report, the description will apply to any of the Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 137 / 303 127 / 127 similar components that have the same first reference label, regardless of the second reference label or any other subsequent reference label.

[00250] The description set forth in the present invention, in connection with the accompanying drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term example used in the present invention means to serve as an example, an instance, or an illustration and is not preferential or advantageous in relation to other examples. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the techniques described. These techniques can, however, be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts of the examples described.

[00251] The description of the present invention is provided to enable a person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined in the present invention can be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described in the present invention, but should be given the broadest scope consistent with the innovative principles and attributes disclosed in the present invention. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, pp. 138 / 303

Claims

1 / 10 CLAIMS 1. Apparatus for wireless communications in a transmitting device characterized by comprising: a processor; memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in memory and executable by the processor to make the apparatus: communicate a control signal indicating an allocation of a frequency band having a first edge sub-band and a second edge sub-band; generate a first set of filtered data tones associated with the first edge sub-band and a second set of filtered data tones associated with the second edge sub-band using at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter; and transmit one or more waveforms via the frequency band based at least in part on the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones.

2. Apparatus, according to claim 1, characterized in that the instructions for transmitting one or more waveforms are executable by the processor to make the apparatus: transmit a discrete Fourier transform spreading waveform via the first edge sub-band and the second edge sub-band; and transmit an orthogonal frequency domain multiplexed waveform via a center sub-band of the frequency band.

3. Apparatus, according to claim 1, Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, p. 267 / 303 2 / 10 characterized in that the instructions are additionally executable by the processor to make the apparatus: transmit, to a receiving device, an indication of one or more filters associated with at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter.

4. Apparatus, according to claim 1, characterized in that the instructions are additionally executable by the processor to make the apparatus: transmit, to a receiving device, an indication of a bandwidth of the first edge sub-band, a bandwidth of the second edge sub-band, or both, associated with at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter.

5. Apparatus, according to claim 1, characterized in that the instructions for transmitting one or more waveforms are additionally executable by the processor to make the apparatus: transmit one or more waveforms according to a comb structure, wherein the transmission of one or more demodulation reference signals via a demodulation reference signal symbol is based, at least in part, on the comb structure.

6. Apparatus, according to claim 1, characterized in that the instructions for generating a first set of filtered data tones and a second set of filtered data tones are executable by the processor to make the apparatus: apply a first sub-band spectrum shaping filter to a first set of data tones associated with the first edge sub-band to generate the first set of filtered data tones; and apply a second sub-band spectrum shaping filter to a second set of data tones associated with the second edge sub-band to generate the second set of filtered data tones.

7. Apparatus, according to claim 6, characterized in that the instructions are additionally executable by the processor to make the apparatus: apply one or more filters to a third set of data tones that is associated with one or more central sub-bands of the frequency band.

8. Apparatus, according to claim 6, characterized in that the instructions for applying the first sub-band spectrum shaping filter are executable by the processor to make the apparatus: convolve the first set of data tones with the first sub-band spectrum shaping filter to generate the first set of filtered data tones and in which the application of the second sub-band spectrum shaping filter comprises: convoluting the second set of data tones with the second sub-band spectrum shaping filter to generate the second set of filtered data tones.

9. Apparatus for wireless communications in a receiving device characterized by comprising: a processor; memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in memory and executable by the processor to make the apparatus: Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, p. 269 / 303 4 / 10 communicate a control signal indicating an allocation of a frequency band having a first edge subband and a second edge subband; receive one or more waveforms via the frequency band; and demodulate the one or more waveforms based, at least in part, on a first set of filtered data tones associated with the first edge subband and a second set of filtered data tones associated with the second edge subband, the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones corresponding to at least one subband spectrum shaping filter.

10. Apparatus, according to claim 9, characterized in that the instructions for receiving one or more waveforms are executable by the processor to make the apparatus: receive a discrete Fourier transform scattering waveform via the first edge sub-band and the second edge sub-band; and receive an orthogonal frequency domain multiplexed waveform via a center sub-band of the frequency band.

11. Apparatus, according to claim 9, characterized in that the instructions are additionally executable by the processor to make the apparatus: receive, from a transmitting device, an indication of one or more filters associated with at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter, wherein the demodulation of one or more waveforms is based, at least in part, on the indication of one or more filters.

12. Apparatus, according to claim 11, characterized in that the instructions are additionally executable by the processor to make the apparatus: receive, from the transmitting device, an indication of a bandwidth of the first edge sub-band, a bandwidth of the second edge sub-band, or both, associated with at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter.

13. Apparatus, according to claim 9, characterized in that the instructions for transmitting one or more waveforms are additionally executable by the processor to make the apparatus: receive, from a transmitting device, one or more waveforms according to a comb structure, wherein the reception of one or more demodulation reference signals via a demodulation reference signal symbol is based, at least in part, on the comb structure.

14. Apparatus, according to claim 13, characterized in that the instructions are additionally executable by the processor to make the apparatus: estimate at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter based, at least in part, on the comb structure, in which one or more waveforms are demodulated based, at least in part, on the at least one estimated sub-band spectrum shaping filter.

15. Apparatus, according to claim 9, characterized in that the instructions for demodulating one or more waveforms are executable by the processor to make the apparatus: perform an interference equalization procedure between carriers in the first set of filtered data tones and in the second set of filtered data tones.

16. Apparatus, according to claim 9, characterized in that the instructions for demodulating one or more waveforms are executable by the processor to make the apparatus: perform a mean squared estimation procedure on the first set of filtered data tones and on the second set of filtered data tones.

17. Method for wireless communications in a transmitting device characterized by comprising: communicating a control signal indicating an allocation of a frequency band having a first edge sub-band and a second edge sub-band; generating a first set of filtered data tones associated with the first edge sub-band and a second set of filtered data tones associated with the second edge sub-band using at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter; and transmitting one or more waveforms via the frequency band based, at least in part, on the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones.

18. Method, according to claim 17, characterized in that the transmission of one or more waveforms comprises: Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, page 272 / 303 7 / 10 transmitting a discrete Fourier transform scattering waveform via the first edge sub-band and the second edge sub-band; and transmitting an orthogonal frequency domain multiplexed waveform via a central frequency band sub-band.

19. Method according to claim 17, characterized by further comprising: transmitting to a receiving device an indication of one or more filters associated with at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter.

20. A method according to claim 17, characterized by further comprising: transmitting to a receiving device an indication of a bandwidth of the first edge sub-band, a bandwidth of the second edge sub-band, or both, associated with at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter.

21. Method according to claim 17, characterized in that the transmission of one or more waveforms further comprises: transmitting the one or more waveforms according to a comb structure, wherein the transmission of one or more demodulation reference signals via a demodulation reference signal symbol is based, at least in part, on the comb structure.

22. Method according to claim 17, characterized by generating the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones comprising: Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, p. 273 / 303 8 / 10 applying a first sub-band spectrum shaping filter to a first set of data tones associated with the first edge sub-band to generate the first set of filtered data tones; and applying a second sub-band spectrum shaping filter to a second set of data tones associated with the second edge sub-band to generate the second set of filtered data tones.

23. Method according to claim 22, characterized by further comprising: applying one or more filters to a third set of data tones that is associated with one or more central sub-bands of the frequency band.

24. Method according to claim 22, characterized in that the application of the first sub-band spectrum modeling filter comprises: convolving the first set of data tones with the first sub-band spectrum modeling filter to generate the first set of filtered data tones and in that the application of the second sub-band spectrum modeling filter comprises: convolving the second set of data tones with the second sub-band spectrum modeling filter to generate the second set of filtered data tones.

25. Method for wireless communications in a receiving device characterized by comprising: communicating a control signal indicating an allocation of a frequency band having a first edge sub-band and a second edge sub-band; receiving one or more waveforms via the frequency band; and demodulating the one or more waveforms based, at least in part, on a first set of filtered data tones associated with the first edge sub-band and a second set of filtered data tones associated with the second edge sub-band, the first set of filtered data tones and the second set of filtered data tones corresponding to at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter.

26. A method according to claim 25, characterized in that the reception of one or more waveforms comprises: receiving a discrete Fourier transform scattering waveform via the first edge sub-band and the second edge sub-band; and receiving an orthogonal frequency domain multiplexed waveform via a central frequency band sub-band.

27. A method according to claim 25, characterized by further comprising: receiving, from a transmitting device, an indication from one or more filters associated with at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter, wherein the one or more waveforms are demodulated based, at least in part, on the indication from the one or more filters.

28. Method according to claim 27, characterized by further comprising: receiving, from the transmitting device, an indication of a bandwidth of the first edge sub-band, a bandwidth of the second edge sub-band, or both, associated with at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter.

29. Method according to claim 25, characterized in that the reception of one or more waveforms further comprises: receiving, from a transmitting device, one or more waveforms according to a comb structure, wherein the reception of one or more demodulation reference signals via a demodulation reference signal symbol is based, at least in part, on the comb structure.

30. Method according to claim 29, characterized by further comprising: estimating at least one sub-band spectrum shaping filter based, at least in part, on the comb structure, wherein one or more waveforms are demodulated based, at least in part, on the at least one estimated sub-band spectrum shaping filter. Petition 870250084032, dated 09 / 18 / 2025, pp. 276 / 303

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