METHOD FOR PREPARING AN AQUEOUS MINERAL SUSPENSION AND AQUEOUS MINERAL SUSPENSION

Description

1 / 28 “METHOD FOR PREPARING AN AQUEOUS MINERAL SUSPENSION AND AQUEOUS MINERAL SUSPENSION” Divided from BR 11 2020 023011 -1 Description of the Invention

[001] The invention relates to a method for preparing an aqueous mineral suspension from an aqueous residue of metallic ore into which a polymer (P) with a molecular mass Mw, measured by GPC, ranging from 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol and prepared by radical polymerization of at least one anionic monomer (M) is introduced. The invention also relates to the resulting suspension whose Brookfield viscosity is less than 1,800 mPa.s or whose flow limit is less than 80 Pa.

[002] The method according to the invention is used in a mining process involving at least one mineral deposit. These mining methods generally make it possible to obtain at least one usable metal from a metallic ore. The metallic ore also comprises a residue of that metallic ore. The mining methods are generally implemented using water as a processing or transport medium for the dry solids content. Therefore, the metallic ore residue is generally an aqueous metallic ore residue. It can also be a metallic ore residue paste. It can also be a muddy ore residue.

[003] According to the invention, the aqueous residue of metallic ore thus results from at least one step in which the usable metal or a derivative of the usable metal is separated from a metallic ore, in particular a metallic ore produced by mineral extraction. According to the invention, the fraction of the usable metallic ore is a metal or several metals or a derivative of a metal or a derivative of several metals.

[004] When using the preparation method according to the invention, an essential step consists of adding at least one polymer. Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, p. 12 / 62 2 / 28 (P) to an aqueous residue of metallic ore. This step, therefore, refers to the processing of a metallic ore residue. It does not refer to the processing of usable metallic ore. This step is, therefore, generally used in a mining method that comprises several steps to process the metallic ore and several steps to process the metallic ore residue.

[005] Typically, mining methods comprise several stages for processing the metallic ore, several stages for processing the usable metal or for processing the usable metal derivative, as well as several stages for processing the metallic ore residue.

[006] A mining method typically comprises one or more of the following steps: - to crush the metallic ore, - grinding metallic ore, in particular dry grinding or wet grinding, usually in water, - to separate, in particular by flotation, the usable metal or a derivative of the usable metal and the residue of metallic ore, particularly the aqueous residue, - to purify or enrich usable metal or a derivative of usable metal, in particular by flotation, - to concentrate the metallic ore residue, for example, by filtration, by sedimentation, by gravity, using a thickener, by flocculation, - to partially separate the aqueous residue of metallic ore and some of the water, - transporting aqueous residue from metallic ore and - to store the aqueous residue of metallic ore. Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, page 13 / 62 3 / 28

[007] There are known methods for preparing an aqueous mineral suspension from an aqueous residue of metallic ore, particularly the methods used to process, transport or store such residue.

[008] Document GB 1414964 refers to a method for deflocculating particulate material consisting of adding a copolymer or a water-soluble derivative of a vinyl copolymer to a mortar of the particulate material.

[009] Document WO 2007-082797 describes a method for concentrating an aqueous suspension of solid particles by combining the use of a flocculating polymer and the use of radiation or radical agents, oxidizing agents or enzymes.

[0010] Document WO 2017-097799 discloses a method for processing an aqueous effluent resulting from oil sands mining operations comprising the addition of a sulfonated dispersing agent and then the addition of a flocculating agent.

[0011] Document WO 00-43317 describes the use of a viscosity-modifying compound in a paste thickener in which this compound is incorporated into a thickener in a specific manner.

[0012] To facilitate handling, known suspensions typically have a lower solids content. In fact, adding water can help to decrease the viscosity or flow limit of these suspensions.

[0013] However, the addition of water leads to problems with water consumption, energy consumption, or even problems with the organization and storage of aqueous metallic ore waste.

[0014] It is therefore important to have methods for preparing an aqueous mineral suspension from an aqueous residue of metallic ore with a high dry solids content. Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, page 14 / 62 4 / 28

[0015] It is also important to have methods that make it possible to prepare stable suspensions, particularly those with high dry solids content. Similarly, it is important to have methods that allow the preparation of stable suspensions in which the dry solids particles have a relatively coarse or non-uniform particle size distribution.

[0016] Compatibility with the various constituents of aqueous mineral suspensions prepared from an aqueous metallic ore residue is also an important property to look for, in particular compatibility with a flocculating agent that can be used to process aqueous metallic ore residue, in particular compatibility with a polyacrylamide or a polyacrylamide derivative.

[0017] Similarly, it is important to be able to control the viscosity of aqueous mineral suspensions prepared from a mining byproduct, particularly to facilitate their pumping, agitation or transport.

[0018] In addition, it is important to have methods that make it possible to control the flow limit of the aqueous metallic ore residue.

[0019] It is particularly important to give an aqueous metallic ore residue a flow limit with a minimum limit value that makes it possible to eliminate or reduce the risk of sedimentation of the solid portion of the residue if there is no shear or if there is slight shear.

[0020] Reducing water consumption in the processing of aqueous metallic ore waste should also be pursued.

[0021] The recovery or recycling of water during the various stages of mining methods should also be preferred.

[0022] Both the quantity of water that is separated or recycled and the quality of the separated or recycled water should be sought. Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, page 15 / 62 5 / 28

[0023] It is also important to be able to control the behavior of aqueous mineral suspensions prepared from an aqueous metallic ore residue in order to avoid problems with processing, storage or transport equipment. In fact, this equipment can be damaged, jammed or clogged if there is a deviation or lack of control of the viscosity or flow limit of a mineral suspension prepared from an aqueous metallic ore residue.

[0024] There is therefore a need for improved methods to prepare an aqueous mineral suspension from an aqueous residue of metallic ore.

[0025] The method according to the invention provides a solution to all or part of the problems with the methods used in the prior art for preparing an aqueous mineral suspension from an aqueous residue of metallic ore.

[0026] Thus, the invention provides a method for preparing an aqueous mineral suspension with a dry solids content greater than 40% by weight of the suspension and having at least one property chosen from: - a Brookfield viscosity, measured at 100 rpm and 25°C, of ​​less than 1,800 mPa.s, - a flow limit, measured at a temperature of 25°C using a shear-imposed rheometer fitted with a rolled spindle, for a given torsional load of less than 80 Pa and - a Brookfield viscosity, measured at 100 rpm and 25°C, of ​​less than 1,800 mPa; and a flow limit, measured at a temperature of 25°C using a shear-imposed rheometer fitted with a rolled spindle, for a given torsional load, of less than 80 Pa, and comprising the addition, to an aqueous residue of metallic ore, of at least one polymer (P) with a molecular mass Mw, measured Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, p. 16 / 62 6 / 28 per GPC, ranging from 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol and prepared by at least one radical polymerization reaction, at a temperature above 50°C, of ​​at least one anionic monomer (M) comprising at least one polymerizable olefinic unsaturation and at least one carboxylic acid group or one of its salts, in the presence of at least one radical generating compound chosen from hydrogen peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, lauryl peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, ammonium persulfate, an alkali metal persulfate, preferably sodium persulfate or potassium persulfate, an azo compound such as 2,2'-azobis(2-(4,5-dihydroimidazolyl)propane, 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, diazo-valeronitrile, 4,4'-azobis-(4-cyanovaleric) acid, AZDN or 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile and their respective combinations or associations with an ion chosen from FeII, FeIII, CuI, CuII and mixtures thereof.

[0027] The method according to the invention therefore makes it possible to control the essential properties of the prepared aqueous suspension. This method makes it possible to control the Brookfield viscosity and flow limit of the prepared suspension.

[0028] According to the invention, the Brookfield viscosity is measured at 100 rpm and 25°C, for example, using a Brookfield DV3T rheometer. The Brookfield viscosity of the prepared suspension is less than 1,800 mPa.s. Preferably, the method according to the invention makes it possible to prepare a suspension with a viscosity of less than 1,500 mPa.s or less than 1,200 mPa.s. More preferably, the viscosity is less than 1,000 mPa.s or less than 900 mPa.s. Much more preferably, the viscosity is less than 800 mPa.s or less than 700 mPa.s or even less than 500 mPa.s.

[0029] In a particularly advantageous way, the method according to the invention allows controlling, in particular lowering, the flow limit of Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, page 17 / 62 7 / 28 aqueous metallic ore residue in relation to the flow limit of aqueous metallic ore residue not comprising any polymer (P).

[0030] According to the invention, the flow limit, which characterizes the resistance to flow, is measured in a sample of an aqueous mineral suspension, particularly an aqueous residue of metallic ore. The flow limit is the shear that must be applied to a suspension to cause it to flow. If the shear is insufficient, the suspension deforms elastically, while if the shear is sufficient, the suspension can flow like a liquid.

[0031] According to the invention, the flow limit expressed in Pascals (Pa) is measured at a temperature of 25°C using a Brookfield DV3T rheometer with imposed shear, equipped with a suitable spindle with blades. Without destroying the underlying structure, the laminated spindle is immersed in the material up to the first immersion mark. After a waiting time of five minutes, the measurement is performed without pre-shear at a speed of 0.5 rpm. This relatively low speed is preferred in order to minimize the inertia effect of the laminated spindle. The variation of the torsional load measured by the instrument to maintain a rotational speed of 0.5 rpm is tracked over time. The value of the flow limit or flow threshold of the aqueous residue is indicated by the instrument when this variation becomes zero.

[0032] According to the invention, the flow limit is measured at a temperature of 25°C using a shear-imposed rheometer equipped with a rolled spindle for a given torsional load. The flow limit of the prepared suspension is less than 80 Pa. Preferably, the method according to the invention makes it possible to prepare a suspension that has a flow limit of less than 70 Pa or less than 60 Pa. More preferably, the flow limit is less than 50 Pa or less than 40 Pa. Most preferably, the flow limit is less than 30 Pa or less than 20 Pa. Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, page 18 / 62 8 / 28

[0033] Also preferably, the method according to the invention makes it possible to prepare a suspension that has a flow limit greater than 10 Pa. More preferably, the flow limit is greater than 12 Pa. Even more preferably, the flow limit is greater than 15 Pa.

[0034] Thus, the flow limit is greater than 10 Pa, preferably greater than 12 Pa, more preferably greater than 15 Pa and less than 70 Pa or less than 60 Pa, preferably less than 50 Pa or less than 40 Pa, more preferably less than 30 Pa or less than 20 Pa.

[0035] Preferably, the flow limit of the suspension according to the invention ranges from 10 to 80 Pa, or to 70 Pa, to 60 Pa, to 50 Pa, to 40 Pa, to 30 Preferably, the flow limit of the suspension according to the invention ranges from 12 to 80 Pa, or from 70 Pa, to 60 Pa, to 50 Pa, to 40 Pa. Preferably, the flow limit of the suspension according to the invention ranges from 15 to 80 Pa, or from 70 Pa, to 60 Pa, to 50 Pa, to 40 Pa, to 30 Pa or to 20 Pa.

[0036] The method according to the invention makes it possible to control the rheology of the suspension prepared for a dry solids content greater than 40% by weight of the suspension. Preferably, the method according to the invention allows preparing a suspension with a dry solids content greater than 50% by weight or 55% by weight. More preferably, the method according to the invention allows preparing a suspension with a dry solids content greater than 60% by weight or greater than 65% by weight. Much more preferably, the method according to the invention allows preparing a suspension with a dry solids content greater than 70% by weight or greater than 75% by weight.

[0037] According to the invention, the amount of polymer (P) used can vary widely. Preferably, according to the invention, the prepared suspension comprises from 0.01 to 2% by weight or from 0.01 to 1.8% or Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, p. 19 / 62 9 / 28 from 0.01 to 1.5% polymer (P) (dry / dry relative to ore residue). More preferably, the prepared suspension comprises from 0.01 to 1.2% or from 0.01 to 1% or from 0.02 to 0.8% or from 0.03 to 0.5% or from 0.04 to 0.25% or from 0.04 to 0.15% by weight of polymer (P) (dry / dry relative to ore residue).

[0038] The method according to the invention may use one or more polymers (P). Preferably, the suspension thus prepared comprises one, two or three different polymers (P). The method according to the invention may also comprise the additional addition of at least one compound chosen from a lignosulfonate derivative, a silicate, an unmodified polysaccharide and a modified polysaccharide.

[0039] The method according to the invention comprises adding at least one polymer (P) to an aqueous mineral ore residue. Preferably, the metallic ore is not an aluminum ore. Also preferably according to the invention, the metallic ore is chosen from lithium, strontium, lanthanide, actinide, uranium, rare earth, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, iron, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, tin and lead ores. More preferably according to the invention, the metallic ore is chosen from uranium, molybdenum, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, silver and gold ores. Much more preferably, it is a copper ore. It may also be a derivative of various usable metals, including copper, zinc and cobalt.

[0040] According to the invention, the metallic ore comprises at least one usable metal or at least one usable metal derivative obtained by separating all or part of the metallic ore residue. Preferably, according to the invention, the metallic ore comprises a metal oxide, a metal sulfide, or a metal carbonate. Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, p. 20 / 62 10 / 28

[0041] According to the invention, the metallic ore residue may comprise a certain residual amount of metal. In particular, the metallic ore residue may comprise a residual amount of metal of less than 2,000 g per tonne (dry / dry) relative to the amount of metallic ore residue. This amount of metal in the metallic ore residue may typically range from 10 to 2,000 g per tonne (dry / dry) or from 10 to 1,000 g per tonne (dry / dry), relative to the amount of metallic ore residue.

[0042] By using the method according to the invention, the polymer (P) can be added during one or more steps in the mining process, in particular during one or more of the processing steps of metallic ore waste, such as pumping, flocculation, concentration, transport or storage of metallic ore waste, particularly aqueous metallic ore waste.

[0043] According to the invention, during a concentration step of the aqueous metallic ore residue according to the invention, the concentration of the aqueous metallic ore residue is significantly increased. Preferably, the concentration of the aqueous metallic ore residue is increased by 10 to 40% by weight or by 20 to 40% by weight or by 10 to 50% by weight or by 20 to 50% by weight. Also preferably, the concentration of the aqueous metallic ore residue is increased by 10 to 70% by weight or by 20 to 70% by weight or by 10 to 60% by weight or by 20 to 60% by weight.

[0044] Preferably, according to the invention, the polymer (P) is added: - before a pumping stage of the aqueous metallic ore residue, in particular using a pump chosen from a centrifugal pump, a peristaltic pump, a displacement pump Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, page 21 / 62 11 / 28 positive, a compressed air pump, a diaphragm pump, a rotary pump, or - during a pumping stage of aqueous metallic ore residue, in particular using a pump chosen from a centrifugal pump, a peristaltic pump, a positive displacement pump, a compressed air pump, a diaphragm pump, a rotary pump, or - after a pumping stage of the aqueous metallic ore residue, in particular using a pump chosen from a centrifugal pump, a peristaltic pump, a positive displacement pump, a compressed air pump, a diaphragm pump, a rotary pump.

[0045] Also preferably according to the invention, the polymer (P) is added: - before a flocculation step of the aqueous metallic ore residue, for example, using a polyacrylamide or a polyacrylamide derivative, or - during a flocculation step of aqueous metallic ore residue, for example, using a polyacrylamide or a polyacrylamide derivative, such as alkylene bis-acrylamide, particularly ethylene bisacrylamide, or - after a flocculation step of the aqueous metallic ore residue, for example, using a polyacrylamide or a polyacrylamide derivative such as alkylene bis-acrylamide, particularly ethylene bisacrylamide.

[0046] Also preferably according to the invention, the polymer (P) is added: - before a concentration step of the aqueous residue of Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, page 22 / 62 12 / 28 metallic ore, in particular by gravimetric concentration, for example, using at least one device chosen from a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener, or by densimetric concentration, for example, using at least one device chosen from a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener, or by filtration, for example, using at least one device chosen from a filter, a filter press, a rotary filter, or - during a concentration step of aqueous metallic ore residue, in particular by gravimetric concentration, for example, using at least one device chosen from a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener, or by densimetric concentration, for example, using at least one device chosen from a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener, or by filtration, for example, using at least one device chosen from a filter, a filter press, a rotary filter, or - after a concentration step of the aqueous metallic ore residue, in particular by gravimetric concentration, for example, using at least one device chosen from a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener or by densimetric concentration, for example using at least one device chosen from a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener or by filtration, for example, using at least one device chosen from a filter, a filter press, a rotary filter.

[0047] Also preferably according to the invention, the polymer (P) is added before a transport step of the aqueous residue Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, page 23 / 62 13 / 28 of metallic ore, in particular transport using an open pipe, a closed pipe or a pipeline.

[0048] Also preferably according to the invention, the polymer (P) is added before a storage step of the aqueous metallic ore residue or during a storage step of the aqueous metallic ore residue.

[0049] Particularly preferably according to the invention, the polymer (P) is added: - before a pumping stage of the aqueous metallic ore residue, in particular using a pump chosen from a centrifugal pump, a peristaltic pump, a positive displacement pump, a compressed air pump, a diaphragm pump, a rotary pump, or - during a pumping stage of aqueous metallic ore residue, in particular using a pump chosen from a centrifugal pump, a peristaltic pump, a positive displacement pump, a compressed air pump, a diaphragm pump, a rotary pump, or - after a concentration step of the aqueous metallic ore residue, in particular by gravimetric concentration, for example, using at least one device chosen from a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener, or by densimetric concentration, for example, using at least one device chosen from a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener, or by filtration, for example, using at least one device chosen from a filter, a filter press, a rotary filter, or - before a transport stage of the aqueous waste of Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, page 24 / 62 14 / 28 metallic ore, in particular transport by means of an open pipe, a closed pipe or a pipeline.

[0050] Even more particularly preferably according to the invention, the polymer (P) is added: - before a pumping stage of the aqueous metallic ore residue, in particular using a pump chosen from a centrifugal pump, a peristaltic pump, a positive displacement pump, or - during a pumping stage of aqueous metallic ore residue, in particular using a pump chosen from a centrifugal pump, a peristaltic pump, a positive displacement pump, a compressed air pump, a diaphragm pump, a rotary pump, or - after a concentration step of the aqueous metallic ore residue, in particular by gravimetric concentration, for example, using at least one device chosen from a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener, or - before a stage in the transport of aqueous metallic ore residue, in particular transport via a closed pipe or pipeline.

[0051] The method according to the invention uses at least one particular polymer (P). It is prepared by a polymerization reaction in the presence of at least one radical-generating compound chosen from hydrogen peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, lauryl peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, ammonium persulfate, an alkali metal persulfate, preferably sodium persulfate or potassium persulfate, an azo compound such as 2,2'-azobis(2-(4,5 Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, page 25 / 62 15 / 28 dihydroimidazolyl)propane, 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, diazovaleronitrile, 4,4'-azobis-(4-cyanovaleric) acid, AZDN or 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, and their respective combinations or associations with an ion chosen from FeII, FeIII, CuI, CuII and mixtures thereof. Preferably, this polymerization reaction does not use benzoyl peroxide.

[0052] In addition to this radical-generating compound, the polymerization reaction can be carried out in the presence of at least one compound comprising phosphorus in the oxidation state I, preferably a compound chosen from hypophosphorous acid (H3PO2) and a derivative of hypophosphorous acid (H3PO2), preferably a compound comprising at least one hypophosphite ion (H2PO2-), more preferably a compound chosen from sodium hypophosphite (H2PO2Na), potassium hypophosphite (H2PO2K), calcium hypophosphite ([H2PO2]2Ca) and mixtures thereof.

[0053] Similarly, the polymerization reaction can be carried out in the presence of at least one compound comprising phosphorus in the oxidation state III, preferably a compound chosen from phosphorous acid and a phosphorous acid derivative, more preferably a compound comprising at least one phosphite ion, in particular, a compound chosen from sodium phosphite, calcium phosphite, potassium phosphite, ammonium phosphite and combinations thereof.

[0054] The polymerization reaction can also be carried out in the presence of at least one compound comprising a bisulfite ion, preferably a compound chosen from ammonium bisulfite, an alkali metal bisulfite, in particular sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, calcium bisulfite, magnesium bisulfite and combinations thereof.

[0055] The polymerization reaction can also be carried out in the presence of 0.05 to 5% by weight, relative to the total amount of monomers, of at least one compound chosen from a xanthate derivative, a Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, p. 26 / 62 16 / 28 mercaptan compound and a compound of formula (I): R s R Λ JL Á XOOC S^^S COOX (I) where: - X independently represents H, Na, or K, and - R independently represents a C1-C5 alkyl group, preferably a methyl group; particularly a compound of formula (I) which is disodium diisopropionate trithiocarbonate (DPTTC).

[0056] According to the invention, the polymerization reaction is carried out at a temperature above 50°C. Preferably, the polymerization reaction is carried out at a temperature ranging from 50 to 98°C or from 50 to 95°C or from 50 to 85°C. A higher temperature, in particular above 100°C, can be used by adjusting the pressure of the reaction medium to prevent evaporation.

[0057] Preferably, the polymerization reaction is carried out in water. It can also be carried out in a solvent, alone or mixed with water, in particular an alcoholic solvent, in particular isopropyl alcohol. More preferably, it is carried out in water.

[0058] Advantageously, the polymer (P) used according to the invention has a molecular mass Mw, measured by GPC, ranging from 2,200 to 10,000 g / mol. Preferably, the polymer (P) used according to the invention has a molecular mass Mw ranging from 2,400 to 9,500 g / mol or from 2,400 to 8,000 g / mol, more preferably from 2,400 to 6,500 g / mol. The polymer (P) used according to the invention is therefore not a flocculating agent.

[0059] According to the invention, the molecular mass Mw of the copolymers is determined by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). This technique uses a Waters liquid chromatography instrument equipped with a Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, p. 27 / 62 17 / 28 detector. This detector is a Waters refractive index detector. This liquid chromatography apparatus is equipped with a steric exclusion column to separate the various molecular weights of the copolymers studied. The liquid elution phase is an aqueous phase adjusted to pH 9.00 using 1 N sodium hydroxide containing 0.05 M NaHCO3, 0.1 M NaNO3, 0.02 M triethanolamine, and 0.03% NaN3.

[0060] According to a first step, the copolymer solution is diluted to 0.9% by dry weight in the GPC dissolution solvent, which corresponds to the liquid elution phase of the GPC to which 0.04% dimethylformamide is added, acting as a flow rate marker or internal standard. It is then filtered using a 0.2 µm filter. Next, 100 µL are injected into the chromatography instrument (eluent: an aqueous phase adjusted to pH 9.00 with 1N sodium hydroxide containing 0.05 M NaHCO3, 0.1 M NaNO3, 0.02 M triethanolamine and 0.03% NaN3). The liquid chromatography apparatus has an isocratic pump (Waters 515), whose flow rate is set at 0.8 mL / min. The chromatography instrument also comprises an oven comprising the following column system in series: a 6 cm long, 40 mm internal diameter Waters Ultrahydrogel Guard pre-column and a 30 cm long, 7.8 mm internal diameter Waters Ultrahydrogel linear column.The detection system comprises a Waters 410 RI refractive index detector. The furnace is heated to 60°C and the refractometer is heated to 45°C.

[0061] The chromatography instrument is calibrated using sodium polyacrylate powder standards of different molecular weights certified by the supplier: Polymer Standards Service or American Polymers Standards Corporation (molecular weight ranging from 900 to 2.25 x 106 g / mol and polymolecularity index ranging from 1.4 to 1.8).

[0062] The polymer (P) used according to the invention can be Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, page 28 / 62 18 / 28 neutralized totally or partially, particularly at the end of the polymerization reaction. According to the invention, the neutralization of the polymer is carried out by neutralization or salification of all or part of the carboxylic acid groups present in the polymer. Preferably, this neutralization is carried out using a base, for example, using an alkali metal derivative or an alkaline earth metal derivative.

[0063] Preferred bases are chosen from CaO, ZnO, MgO, NaOH, KOH, NH4OH, Ca(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, monoisopropylamine, triethanolamine, triisopropylamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), triethylamine, diethylamine, monoethylamine. Particularly preferably, neutralization is carried out using MgO, NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, alone or in combination.

[0064] According to the invention, the polymerization reaction uses at least one anionic monomer (M) comprising at least one polymerizable olefinic unsaturation and at least one carboxylic acid group or one of its salts.

[0065] Preferably, the anionic monomer (M) comprising at least one polymerizable olefinic unsaturation comprises one or two carboxylic acid groups, particularly a single carboxylic acid group. More preferably, it is chosen from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, a salt of acrylic acid, a salt of methacrylic acid and mixtures thereof, much more preferably acrylic acid.

[0066] Preferably, the polymerization reaction uses 100% by weight of anionic monomer (M) or 70% to 99.5% by weight of anionic monomer (M) and 0.5% to 30% by weight of at least one other monomer.

[0067] Advantageously, the polymerization reaction can also use at least one other monomer chosen from: - another anionic monomer, preferably a monomer chosen from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, acid Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, page 29 / 62 19 / 28 maleic acid, maleic anhydride and mixtures thereof, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, a salt of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethanesulfonic acid, a salt of 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethanesulfonic acid, sodium metalyl sulfonate, styrene sulfonate and combinations or mixtures thereof, a nonionic monomer comprising at least one polymerizable olefinic unsaturation, preferably at least one polymerizable ethylenic unsaturation and, in particular, a polymerizable vinyl group, more preferably a nonionic monomer chosen from styrene, vinyl caprolactam, esters of an acid comprising at least one monocarboxylic acid group, in particular an ester of an acid chosen from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and mixtures thereof, for example, acrylate of hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, alkyl acrylate,in particular C1-C10 alkyl acrylate, preferably C1-C4 alkyl acrylate, more preferably methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, alkyl methacrylate, in particular C1-C10 alkyl methacrylate, preferably C1-C4 alkyl methacrylate, more preferably methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, aryl acrylate, preferably phenyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, phenoxyethyl acrylate, aryl methacrylate, preferably phenyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, phenoxyethyl methacrylate, and a monomer of formula (II):, R1 (II) Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, page 30 / 62 20 / 28 where: R1 and R2, whether identical or different, independently represent H or CH3. - L1 independently represents a group chosen from C(O), CH2, CH2-CH2 and O-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2, - L2 independently represents a chosen group of (CH2-CH2O)x, (CH2CH(CH3)O)y, (CH(CH3)CH2O)ze combinations thereof, and - x, y, and z, whether identical or different, independently represent an integer or decimal number within the range of 0 to 150, and the sum of x + y + z is within the range of 10 to 150.

[0068] Particularly preferably, the monomer of formula (II) is such that: - R1 represents CH3, - R2 represents H, - L1 represents a group C(O), - L2 independently represents a combination of groups chosen from (CH2-CH2O)x, (CH2CH(CH3)O)y, (CH(CH3)CH2O)ze - x, y, and z, whether identical or different, independently represent an integer or decimal number within the range of 0 to 150, and the sum of x + y + z is within the range of 10 to 150.

[0069] Preferably, the polymer (P) used according to the invention is a non-sulfonated polymer.

[0070] When preparing the polymer (P) used according to the invention, a separation step can also be performed. Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, p. 31 / 62 21 / 28

[0071] According to the invention, the separation can be carried out after total or partial neutralization of the polymer (P).

[0072] It can also be performed before neutralization of the polymer (P).

[0073] The aqueous solution of the fully or partially neutralized polymer (P) can be processed using the known static or dynamic splitting methods.

[0074] For this purpose, one or more polar solvents from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, butanol, acetone and tetrahydrofuran may be used, thus resulting in a two-phase separation.

[0075] During separation, the less dense phase contains the larger fraction of polar solvent and the fraction of low molecular weight polymers, and the denser aqueous phase contains the fraction of higher molecular weight polymers.

[0076] The temperature at which the polymer fraction selection is processed can influence the partition coefficient. It is typically in the range of 10 to 80°C, preferably 20 to 60°C. During separation, it is important to control the ratio of dilution water and polar solvents.

[0077] When using a dynamic separation method, for example, centrifugation, the proportions of the extracted fractions typically depend on the centrifugation conditions. The selection of the polymer fraction can also be improved by reprocessing the denser aqueous phase using a new quantity of polar solvent, which may be different. It may also be a mixture of polar solvents. Finally, the liquid phase obtained after processing can be distilled to remove the solvent(s) used in the processing. Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, page 32 / 62 22 / 28

[0078] The preparation method according to the invention allows the preparation of an aqueous metallic ore residue suspension comprising at least one polymer (P) which exhibits particularly advantageous properties, in particular rheological properties which are particularly advantageous.

[0079] Thus, the invention also provides a method for preparing an aqueous mineral suspension with a dry solids content that is greater than 50% by weight of the suspension and having at least one property chosen from: - a Brookfield viscosity, measured at 100 rpm and 25°C, of ​​less than 1,800 mPa.s, - a flow limit measured at a temperature of 25°C using a shear-imposed rheometer, equipped with a rolled spindle, for a given torsional load of less than 80 Pa, and - a Brookfield viscosity, measured at 100 rpm and 25°C, of ​​less than 1,800 mPa; or a flow limit, measured at a temperature of 25°C using a shear-imposed rheometer fitted with a rolled spindle, for a given torsional load, of less than 80 Pa, comprising an aqueous residue of metallic ore and at least one polymer (P) with a molecular mass Mw, measured by GPC, ranging from 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol and prepared by radical polymerization reaction, at a temperature above 50°C, of ​​at least one anionic monomer (M) comprising at least one polymerizable olefinic unsaturation and at least one carboxylic acid group or one of its salts, in the presence of at least one radical generating compound chosen from hydrogen peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, lauryl peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, ammonium persulfate, an alkali metal persulfate, preferably sodium persulfate or Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, p. 33 / 62 23 / 28 potassium persulfate, an azo compound such as 2,2'-azobis(2-(4,5-dihydroimidazolyl)propane, 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, diazo-valeronitrile, 4,4'-azobis-(4-cyanovaleric) acid, AZDN or 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile and their respective combinations or associations with a chosen ion of FeII, FeIII, CuI, CuII and mixtures thereof.

[0080] The particular, advantageous or preferred features of the method according to the invention define suspensions according to the invention that are also particular, advantageous or preferred. Examples

[0081] The following examples illustrate the various aspects of the invention.

[0082] The polymers used in the method according to the invention are prepared.

[0083] The polymer (P1) is prepared by placing 156 g of water and 0.013 g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate in a one-liter glass reactor with mechanical stirring and heating in an oil bath.

[0084] Using a dosing pump, 271 g of 100% by weight acrylic acid are weighed into a 500 mL beaker.

[0085] Using a dosing pump, 3.3 g of persulfate diluted with 15 g of water are weighed into a 20 mL test tube.

[0086] Using a dosing pump, 115 g of 40% by weight sodium bisulfite are weighed into a 200 mL test tube.

[0087] The reactor is heated to 80°C.

[0088] 30% of the persulfate solution is injected rapidly, and then the remainder of this solution, the acrylic acid, and the bisulfite solution are injected in parallel in: - 3 hours for acrylic acid and - 3.5 hours for persulfate and bisulfite. Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, page 34 / 62 24 / 28

[0089] The reaction medium is maintained at 80°C.

[0090] The medium is then thermally treated for 30 minutes with a solution of 0.3 g of persulfate in 4 g of water and 4.5 g of hydrogen peroxide at 130 V.

[0091] Finally, the pumps are rinsed with water.

[0092] The medium is heated again for 60 min at 80°C.

[0093] The solution is then neutralized with 50% by weight of sodium hydroxide in water until pH 8 is reached and then diluted to a solids content of 42% by weight. The polymer (P1) is obtained, with a molecular mass Mw, measured by GPC, of ​​2,500 g / mol.

[0094] The polymer (P2) is prepared by placing 212 g of water and 0.08 g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate in a one-liter glass reactor with mechanical stirring and heating in an oil bath.

[0095] Using a dosing pump, 303 g of 100% by weight acrylic acid and 15 g of water are weighed into a 500 mL beaker.

[0096] Using a dosing pump, 25.6 g of sodium hypophosphite monohydrate diluted with 30 g of water are weighed into a 100 mL test tube.

[0097] Using a dosing pump, 21 g of hydrogen peroxide at 130 V and 35 g of water are weighed into a 100 mL test tube.

[0098] The reactor is heated to 95°C and the monomer, hypophosphite solution and hydrogen peroxide solution are added in parallel over 120 min while maintaining the reaction medium temperature at 95°C.

[0099] Finally, the pumps are rinsed with water.

[00100] The medium is heated again for 60 min at 95°C.

[00101] The solution is then neutralized with 50% by weight of sodium hydroxide in water until a pH of 8 is reached, and then diluted to a concentration of Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, page 35 / 62 25 / 28 solids of 42% by weight. The polymer (P2) is obtained, with a molecular mass, measured by GPC, of ​​4,500 g / mol.

[00102] The raw material used for this series of tests is an aqueous residue of metallic ore from a Chilean copper mine located in the north of the country. It is a residue resulting from the separation of the ore containing the usable metal from the rock extracted from the mine.

[00103] This aqueous residue of copper ore is in the form of a water-based suspension.

[00104] Several measures were previously taken on the aqueous residue in the absence of the polymer according to the invention: - Particle size distribution using a Mastersizer 2000 laser particle size analyzer (Malvern). - solids content using a Mettler-Toledo dry balance, Brookfield viscosity at 100 rpm using a viscometer. Brookfield DV3T with a suitable spindle, - Flow limit value using a Brookfield viscometer DV3T using a winged module and - Flow velocity using a No. 4 Ford Cup viscometer.

[00105] The particle size distribution by volume shows the presence of multiple particle populations with different sizes: D(0.1) = 1.6 pm, D(0.5) = 25 pm, D(0.84) = 195 pm, D(0.9) = 252 pm, and D(0.99) = 501 pm.

[00106] The other characteristics are shown in Table 1. % Solids Content 55.8% Brookfield Viscosity at 100 rpm, in mPa.s 1,220 pH 10.0 Conductivity in pS / cm 2,700 Viscosity, Ford cup no. 4, in s 25 Table 1

[00107] A concentration of the aqueous residue is then prepared by decantation and separation of a portion of the supernatant water to form a Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, page 36 / 62 26 / 28 aqueous residue whose characteristics are shown in Table 2. Solids content: 60.5% Brookfield viscosity at 100 rpm, in mPa.s: 3.016 pH: 10.1 Conductivity in pS / cm: 2.320 Viscosity, Ford cup no. 4, in s / cm Table 2

[00108] A sample of aqueous waste suspension of reconcentrated copper ore is transferred to a 500 mL beaker and then mechanically stirred with a Raynerie mixer. The stirring speed is varied from 800 to 1,000 rpm.

[00109] Next, a polymer (P1) according to the invention (0.1% by dry weight) is added and the mixture is left under stirring for 5 to 10 min.

[00110] Stirring is then stopped to allow Brookfield viscosity, pH, and conductivity measurements to be taken. The test is repeated, adding different amounts of polymer. The results are shown in Table 3. Polymer (P1) % by dry weight / dry polymer Brookfield viscosity at 100 rpm (mPa.s) pH Conductivity (pS / cm) 0 3.032 9.9 2.410 0.07 1.374 9.9 2.580 0.09 1.186 9.9 2.560 0.1 1.070 9.9 2.590 Table 3

[00111] A dose of 0.1% by dry weight / dry weight of polymer (P1) makes it possible to significantly reduce the viscosity of the aqueous residue. The aqueous suspension of copper ore residue can then be handled easily.

[00112] Another test is performed without any polymer and with two polymers (P1) and (P2) according to the invention at this dose of 0.1% by dry weight / dry. The results are shown in Table 4. Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, p. 37 / 62 27 / 28 Residue without additive with polymer (P1) with polymer (P2) % by dry weight / dry 0 0.1 0.1 pH 10.1 9.9 9.3 Conductivity in pS / cm 2,320 2,590 2,940 % Solids Content 60.5 60.9 60.5 Brookfield Viscosity at 100 rpm (mPa.s) 3,016 1,070 1,188 Table 4

[00113] A dose of 0.1% by dry weight / dry of polymer (P1) or polymer (P2) also allows for a significant reduction in the viscosity of the aqueous residue.

[00114] The flow limit of this aqueous copper ore residue with a solids content of 61% was then measured at a temperature of 25°C using a Brookfield DV3T rheometer with imposed shear, equipped with a spindle with suitable blades. Without destroying the underlying structure, the laminated spindle is immersed in the material up to the first immersion mark.

[00115] After a waiting period of five minutes, the measurement is performed without pre-shearing at a speed of 0.5 rpm. This relatively low speed is preferred in order to minimize the inertia effect of the rolled spindle. The variation in torsional load measured by the instrument to maintain a rotational speed of 0.5 rpm is tracked over time.

[00116] The value of the flow limit or flow threshold of the aqueous residue is indicated by the instrument when this variation is zero. The results obtained are shown in Table 5. Time (min) Waste flow limit (Pa) without additive with polymer (P1) with polymer (P2) 0 55 32 26 2 60 48 37 4 58 46 36 6 55 42 33 8 / 38 31 10 / 33 30 12 54 31 27 14 / 29 28 16 / / / Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, page 38 / 62 28 / 28 Time (min) Waste flow limit (Pa) without additive with polymer (P1) with polymer (P2) 18 / / / 20 50 28 28 Table 5

[00117] Aqueous suspensions of aqueous copper ore residue with a solids content of 58%, with or without polymers (P1) and (P2), are then prepared according to the invention. The characteristics of these suspensions are measured. The results obtained are shown in Table 6. Residue without additive with polymer (P1) with polymer (P2) % by dry weight / dry 0 0.1 0.1 pH 9.8 10.0 10.0 Conductivity in pS / cm 2,160 2,770 2,820 Brookfield viscosity at 100 rpm (mPa.s) 2,196 838 824 Table 6

[00118] It can then be observed that aqueous suspensions of reference copper residue with solids content of 55%, 61% or 58% have high viscosities.

[00119] The addition of polymer (P1) or polymer (P2) according to the invention allows significantly reducing these viscosities, as well as controlling the flow limit of these suspensions.

[00120] With the polymers according to the invention, it is therefore possible to disperse aqueous waste from copper ore, in particular at the outlet of a thickener, which have high solids content, by controlling their rheology. Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, p. 39 / 62

Claims

1 / 10 Claims 1. METHOD FOR PREPARING AN AQUEOUS MINERAL SUSPENSION with a dry solids content that is greater than 40% by weight of the suspension and having at least one property chosen from: - a Brookfield viscosity, measured at 100 rpm and 25°C, less than 1,800 mPa.s, - a flow limit, measured at a temperature of 25°C using a shear-imposed rheometer fitted with a rolled spindle, for a given torsional load, of less than 80 Pa and - a Brookfield viscosity, measured at 100 rpm and 25°C, less than 1,800 mPa.if a flow limit, measured at a temperature of 25°C using a shear-imposed rheometer fitted with a rolled spindle, for a given torsional load of less than 80 Pa, characterized by comprising: (i) the addition, in an aqueous residue of metallic ore chosen from an ore of scandium, yttrium, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, iron, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, zinc, and cadmium, of at least one polymer (P) with a molecular mass Mw, measured by GPC, ranging from 2,000 to 20.000 g / mol and prepared by at least one radical polymerization reaction, at a temperature above 50°C, of: - at least one anionic monomer (M) comprising at least one polymerizable olefinic unsaturation, chosen from a group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, a salt of acrylic acid, a salt of methacrylic acid and mixtures thereof; and - at least one carboxylic acid group or one of its salts, in the presence of at least one radical generating compound chosen from hydrogen peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, page.40 / 62 2 / 10 lauryl peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, ammonium persulfate, an alkali metal persulfate, an azo compound and their respective combinations or associations with an ion chosen from FeII, Fe''', CuI, Cu'' and mixtures thereof; and (ii) the stirring of the mixture obtained in step (i), wherein the suspension comprises from 0.01 to 2% by weight of polymer (P) (dry / dry relative to the ore residue), the metallic ore comprises a metal oxide, a metal sulfide or a metal carbonate, and the metallic ore residue comprises a residual amount of metal of less than 2,000 g per tonne (dry / dry) relative to the amount of metallic ore residue.

2. METHOD, according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the addition of one, two or three different polymer(s) (P) or the further addition of at least one compound chosen from a lignosulfonate derivative, a silicate, an unmodified polysaccharide and a modified polysaccharide.

3. METHOD, according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the polymer (P) is added: - before a pumping step of the aqueous metallic ore residue, in particular using a pump chosen from a centrifugal pump, a peristaltic pump, a positive displacement pump, a compressed air pump, a diaphragm pump, a rotary pump or - during a pumping step of the aqueous metallic ore residue, in particular using a pump chosen from a centrifugal pump, a peristaltic pump, a positive displacement pump, a compressed air pump, a diaphragm pump, a rotary pump or Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, page. 41 / 62 3 / 10 - after a pumping stage of the aqueous metallic ore residue, in particular using a pump chosen from a centrifugal pump, a peristaltic pump, a positive displacement pump, a compressed air pump, a diaphragm pump,a rotary pump or - before a flocculation step of the aqueous metallic ore residue, for example, using a polyacrylamide or a polyacrylamide derivative or - during a flocculation step of the aqueous metallic ore residue, for example, using a polyacrylamide or a polyacrylamide derivative or - after a flocculation step of the aqueous metallic ore residue, for example, using a polyacrylamide or a polyacrylamide derivative or - before a concentration step of the aqueous metallic ore residue, in particular by gravimetric concentration, for example, using at least one device chosen from a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener or by densimetric concentration, for example using at least one device chosen from a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener or by filtration, for example,using at least one device chosen from a filter, a filter press, a rotary filter or - during a concentration step of the aqueous residue of metallic ore, in particular by gravimetric concentration, for example, using at least one device chosen from a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener or by densimetric concentration, for example using at least Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, page 42 / 62 4 / 10 a device chosen from a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener or by filtration, for example, using at least one device chosen from a filter, a filter press, a rotary filter or - after a concentration step of the aqueous residue of metallic ore, in particular by gravimetric concentration, for example, using at least one device chosen from a conventional thickener,a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener or by densimetric concentration, for example using at least one device chosen from a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener or by filtration, for example using at least one device chosen from a filter, a filter press, a rotary filter or - before a transport step of the aqueous metallic ore residue, in particular transporting using an open pipe, a closed pipe or a duct or - before a storage step of the aqueous metallic ore residue or - during a storage step of the aqueous metallic ore residue.

4. METHOD, according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by: - ​​the polymerization reaction also being carried out in the presence of at least one compound comprising phosphorus in oxidation state I, preferably a compound chosen from hypophosphorous acid (H3PO2) and a derivative of hypophosphorous acid (H3PO2), preferably a compound comprising at least one hypophosphite ion (H2PO2·), more preferably a compound chosen from sodium hypophosphite. Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, page 1. 43 / 62 5 / 10 (H2PO2Na), potassium hypophosphite (H2PO2K), calcium hypophosphite ([H2PO2]2Ca) and mixtures thereof or - the polymerization reaction being carried out in the presence of at least one compound comprising phosphorus in oxidation state III, preferably a compound chosen from phosphorous acid and a phosphorous acid derivative, more preferably a compound comprising at least one phosphite ion,in particular a compound chosen from sodium phosphite, calcium phosphite, potassium phosphite, ammonium phosphite and combinations thereof or - the polymerization reaction also being carried out in the presence of at least one compound comprising a bisulfite ion, preferably a compound chosen from ammonium bisulfite, an alkali metal bisulfite, in particular sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, calcium bisulfite, magnesium bisulfite and combinations thereof or - the polymerization reaction also being carried out in the presence of 0.05 to 5% by weight, relative to the total amount of monomers, of at least one compound chosen from a xanthate derivative, a mercaptan compound and a compound of formula (I): RSR Λ JL Á XOOC S^^S COOX (I) wherein: X independently represents H, Na or K and R independently represents an alkyl group C1-C5,preferably a methyl group; particularly a compound of formula (I) which is disodium trithiocarbonate diisopropionate (DPTTC) or - the polymerization reaction is carried out at a temperature ranging from 50 to 98°C, preferably from 50 to 95°C or from 50 to 85°C or Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, page. 44 / 62 6 / 10 - the polymerization reaction is carried out in water, in a solvent, alone or in a mixture with water, particularly an alcoholic solvent, in particular isopropyl alcohol, preferably in water or - the polymer (P) has a molecular mass Mw, measured by GPC, ranging from 2,200 to 10,000 g / mol, preferably from 2,400 to 9,500 g / mol or from 2,400 to 8,000 g / mol, more preferably from 2,400 to 6,500 g / mol; or - the polymer (P) is completely or partially neutralized, in particular at the end of the polymerization reaction or - the polymerization reaction uses: o 100% by weight of anionic monomer (M) or o 70% to 99.5% by weight of anionic monomer (M) and 0,5% to 30% by weight of at least one other monomer.

5. METHOD, according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the polymerization reaction also uses at least one other monomer chosen from: - another anionic monomer, preferably a monomer chosen from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride and mixtures thereof, - 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, a salt of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethanesulfonic acid, a salt of 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethanesulfonic acid, sodium metalyl sulfonate, styrene sulfonate and combinations or mixtures thereof, - a non-ionic monomer comprising at least one polymerizable olefinic unsaturation, preferably at least one polymerizable ethylenic unsaturation and, in particular, a polymerizable vinyl group, more preferably a monomer non-ionic selected from styrene, vinyl caprolactam,esters of an acid comprising at least one group of Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, page. 45 / 62 7 / 10 monocarboxylic acid, in particular an ester of an acid chosen from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and mixtures thereof, for example, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, alkyl acrylate, in particular C1-C10 alkyl acrylate, preferably C1-C4 alkyl acrylate, more preferably methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, alkyl methacrylate, in particular C1-C10 alkyl methacrylate, preferably C1-C4 alkyl methacrylate, more preferably methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, ahla acrylate, preferably phenyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate,phenoxyethyl acrylate, aryl methacrylate, preferably phenyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, phenoxyethyl methacrylate and a monomer of formula (II): R1 (II) wherein: R1 and R2, identical or different, independently represent H or CH3, L1 independently represents a group chosen from C(O), CH2, CH2-CH2 and O-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2, L2 independently represents a group chosen from (CH2-CH2O)x, (CH2CH(CH3)O)y, (CH(CH3)CH2O)ze, combinations of the same x, y, z, identical or different, independently represent an integer or decimal number in the range 0 to 150 and the sum of x + y + z is in the range Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, p. 46 / 62 8 / 10 from 10 to 150.

6. AQUEOUS MINERAL SUSPENSION, obtained by the method defined in claim 1, characterized by having a dry solids content that is greater than 50% by weight of the suspension and having at least one property chosen from: - a Brookfield viscosity, measured at 100 rpm and 25°C, of ​​less than 1,800 mPa.s, - a flow limit measured at a temperature of 25°C using a shear-imposed rheometer equipped with a rolled spindle, for a given torsional load, of less than 80 Pa and - a Brookfield viscosity, measured at 100 rpm and 25°C, of ​​less than 1,800 mPa.s.if a flow limit, measured at a temperature of 25°C using a shear-imposed rheometer fitted with a rolled spindle, for a given torsional load of less than 80 Pa, comprising an aqueous residue of metallic ore chosen from an ore of scandium, yttrium, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, iron, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, zinc and cadmium, and at least one polymer (P) with a molecular mass Mw, measured by GPC, ranging from 2,000 to 20.000 g / mol and prepared by radical polymerization reaction, at a temperature above 50°C, of ​​at least one anionic monomer (M) comprising at least one polymerizable olefinic unsaturation, chosen from a group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, a salt of acrylic acid, a salt of methacrylic acid and mixtures thereof, and at least one carboxylic acid group or one of its salts, in the presence of at least one radical generating compound chosen from hydrogen peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, lauryl peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, ammonium persulfate, an alkali metal persulfate, Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, page.47 / 62 9 / 10 an azo compound, and its respective combinations or associations with an ion chosen from Fe'', Fe''', CuI, CuII and mixtures thereof, wherein the suspension comprises from 0.01 to 2% by weight of polymer (P) (dry / dry in relation to the ore residue), the metallic ore comprises a metal oxide, a metal sulfide or a metal carbonate, and the metallic ore residue comprises a residual amount of metal of less than 2,000 g per tonne (dry / dry) in relation to the amount of metallic ore residue.

7. SUSPENSION, according to claim 6, characterized by having a viscosity of less than 1,500 mPa.s, preferably less than 1,200 mPa.s, more preferably less than 1,000 mPa.s or less than 900 mPa.s, much more preferably less than 800 mPa.s or less than 700 mPa.s, or even less than 500 mPa.s.

8. SUSPENSION, according to any one of claims 6 to 7, characterized by having: - a flow limit of less than 70 Pa or less than 60 Pa, preferably less than 50 Pa or less than 40 Pa, more preferably less than 30 Pa or less than 20 Pa; or - a flow limit greater than 10 Pa, preferably greater than 12 Pa, more preferably greater than 15 Pa; or - a flow limit greater than 10 Pa, preferably greater than 12 Pa, more preferably greater than 15 Pa and less than 70 Pa or less than 60 Pa, preferably less than 50 Pa or less than 40 Pa, more preferably less than 30 Pa or less than 20 Pa.

9. SUSPENSION, according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized by having a dry solids content that is greater than 55% by weight, preferably greater than 60% by weight or greater than 65% by weight, more preferably greater than 70% by weight or greater than Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, p. 48 / 62 10 / 10 75% by weight.

10. SUSPENSION, according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized by comprising 0.01 to 1.8% or 0.01 to 1.5% by weight of polymer (P) (dry / dry relative to ore residue), preferably 0.01 to 1.2% or 0.01 to 1%, more preferably 0.02 to 0.8% or 0.03 to 0.5%, even more preferably 0.04 to 0.25% or 0.04 to 0.15%. Petition 870260055929, dated 09 / 06 / 2026, p. 49 / 62