ANTENNA PATCH FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION BIO-INSPIRED BY THE HOYA FLOWER PUBICALYX

Description

1 / 3 ANTENNA PATCH FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION BIO-INSPIRED BY THE HOYA FLOWER PUBICALYX

[001] This utility model patent application refers to a patch antenna bio-inspired by the geometry of the Hoya Publicalyx flower, popularly known as the wax flower, intended to operate in the 2.4 GHz frequency band, applied to various wireless communication systems. The antenna consists of a radiating element printed on a fiberglass substrate (FR4) with a height of 1.5 mm, complemented by a total ground plane. It is fed by an SMA connector inserted below the ground plane. The antenna has dimensions of 42.8 χ 42.8 χ 1.5 mm3, manufactured on an FR4 substrate, with a relative permittivity of 4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.02, fed by a coaxial cable, with an input impedance of 50 Ω. After numerical analysis, the antenna was manufactured and experimentally characterized. For numerical characterization, the Ansys Electronics Desktop (HFSS) software was used, and for experimental characterization, LiteVNA-64 was used.The results obtained indicate that the proposed antenna has a return loss S11 < -10 dB and a VSWR below 2, considering the simulated and measured resonance frequencies of 2.46 GHz and 2.42 GHz. The simulated radiation patterns have directional characteristics, with a maximum gain of 2.88 dBi at a frequency of 2.46 GHz. The experimental results show good agreement with the simulated results.

[002] Microstrip patch antennas offer several advantages over conventional microwave antennas, as they allow for different geometries that can be used in high-frequency circuits and / or devices, meeting the demands of a wide variety of services and mobility. In this sense, bio-inspired microstrip antenna designs have been proposed in the literature, showing acceptable results in various frequency ranges. Plants present a good study model for projects that utilize the electromagnetic spectrum, due to their geometry being favorable to capturing these waves for photosynthesis, similarly to antennas in Petition 870250061180, dated 07 / 16 / 2025, page 5 / 26 2 / 3 of the electromagnetic wave reception spectrum. Furthermore, there is a search to describe the geometries of nature through mathematical models, where some techniques can be cited, such as the golden ratio, the Fibonacci sequence, fractals, Gielis' super formula, Lindenmayer systems, polar equations, among others.

[003] The proposed patch antenna design procedure started with an analysis of the wax flower geometry. The dimensions for an initial design can be approximated by fractions of the wavelength (^^) for the first resonance corresponding to operation in the 2.4 GHz frequency range. To dimension the radiating element of the proposed antenna, it was necessary to determine the approximate width and length of the wax flower geometry. For this, Gielis' superformula was used. By implementing the superformula and adjusting the parameters in MATLAB® software, it was possible to obtain the contour path of the desired geometry.

[004] With the aim of developing a miniaturized antenna that incorporates nature-inspired features, is compact, easy to implement, has low manufacturing costs and delivers consistent and meaningful results that can be adapted to real-world applications, the idea arose to develop a microstrip patch antenna bio-inspired by the geometry of the Hoya Publicalyx flower, for application in wireless communication systems.

[005] The utility model patent will be better elucidated through the following description, in accordance with the figures described below.

[006] FIGURE 1 represents the top view of the antenna manufactured with geometry bioinspired by the Hoya Pubicalyx flower.

[007] FIGURE 2 represents the bottom view of the antenna manufactured with geometry bioinspired by the Hoya Pubicalyx flower.

[008] With reference to these figures, it can be observed in Figure 1, an antenna with a geometry bio-inspired by the Hoya Publicalyx flower, known in the state of the art, Petition 870250061180, dated 07 / 16 / 2025, page 6 / 26 3 / 3 composed of the printed radiating element (1), on a glass fiber dielectric substrate with dimensions 42.8 χ 42.8 χ 1.5 mm3, (2), dielectric constant ε = 4.4, with thickness h=1.5 mm, loss tangent = 0.019, fed by coaxial cable with input impedance of 50 Ω. Figure 2 shows the ground plane (1A), and the detail of the soldered SMA connector (2A). Petition 870250061180, dated 07 / 16 / 2025, page 7 / 26

Claims

1 / 1 CLAIMS 1. ANTENNA PATCH FOR BIO-INSPIRED WIRELESS COMMUNICATION FLOR HOYA PUBICALYX, characterized by an antenna with a geometry bio-inspired by the Hoya Publicalyx flower, composed of the printed radiating element (1), on a dielectric substrate of fiberglass with dimensions 42.8 χ 42.8 χ 1.5 mm3, (2), dielectric constant ε = 4.4, with a thickness of h=1.5 mm, loss tangent = 0.019, fed by coaxial cable with an input impedance of 50 Ω, in Figure 2 the ground plane (1A) is shown, and the detail of the soldered SMA connector (2A). Petition 870240111300, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 11 / 31

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