A carbonization chamber-combustion chamber structure of a coke oven and a coke oven

Abstract

The present invention discloses a carbonization chamber-combustion chamber structure of a coke oven, comprising a carbonization chamber and a combustion chamber arranged in parallel, and also comprising a balance channel, wherein the balance channel is arranged above the carbonization chamber and the carbonization chamber, and is connected to the carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber respectively, so as to distribute the raw coal gas generated in the carbonization chamber to the combustion chamber. The present invention also provides a coke oven comprising the above-mentioned carbonization chamber-combustion chamber structure. The carbonization chamber-combustion chamber structure of the present invention can realize uniform heating of the carbonization chamber and improve the coking efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of coking, and particularly relates to a carbonization chamber-combustion chamber structure of a coke oven and a coke oven including the structure. Background Art

[0002] In the coking industry, when using a coke oven for coking, the heat generated by the combustion of raw gas and air is usually used to heat the carbonization chamber to achieve the carbonization of coal charge.

[0003] Traditional coke ovens mainly include horizontal coke ovens and vertical coke ovens. Among them: the combustion chamber of the horizontal coke oven is above the carbonization chamber, and the direct heating method is mostly adopted, and 1.5-4% of coal and coke will burn to supplement the heat required for coal dry distillation, resulting in reduced production capacity, large floor area, high investment cost, and the width of the coal cake reaching 3-4m. The overly wide carbonization chamber seriously affects the heat transfer effect and the coking time is too long; when the volatile matter of the blended coal is low in a few existing vertical heat recovery coke ovens, the heat required for coal dry distillation cannot be self-sufficient, and additional gas needs to be supplemented for afterburning, with low heating efficiency. Moreover, due to the different coking periods of different carbonization chambers, the amount of raw gas generated is different, resulting in uneven heating of the coke oven and a long coking time.

[0004] Moreover, due to the asynchronous coal charging time of different carbonization chambers, some are in the early stage, some are in the middle stage, and some are in the late stage, the degree of coal dry distillation coking in different carbonization chambers at the same time is different. The amount and composition of the raw gas generated under different coking degrees are different. After these different raw gases enter the combustion chamber of the coke oven, the combustion conditions are different and the generated heat is different, resulting in uneven heating of the traditional coke oven, and further affecting the heating efficiency and coking quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a carbonization chamber-combustion chamber structure of a coke oven and a coke oven including the structure according to the above deficiencies in the prior art, which can uniformly heat the carbonization chamber and improve the coking efficiency.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, a carbonization chamber-combustion chamber structure of a coke oven is provided, and its technical solution is as follows:

[0007] A carbonization chamber-combustion chamber structure of a coke oven includes a carbonization chamber and a combustion chamber. The carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber are arranged in parallel. The carbonization chamber-combustion chamber structure further includes a balance channel. The balance channel is arranged above the carbonization chamber and is respectively communicated with the carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber for introducing the raw gas generated in the carbonization chamber into the combustion chamber.

[0008] Preferably, the number of the carbonization chambers and the combustion chambers is multiple. The carbonization chambers and the combustion chambers are arranged alternately, and the number of the combustion chambers is one more than that of the carbonization chambers, so that each carbonization chamber is located between two combustion chambers.

[0009] Preferably, a plurality of pairs of flues are arranged in the combustion chamber. Each pair of flues is separated by a first partition wall. A second partition wall is arranged between the two flues in each pair of flues. An air duct is arranged in the second partition wall and is communicated with the two adjacent flues.

[0010] Preferably, there are two air ducts in the second partition wall, and the two air ducts are respectively communicated with the two flues in each pair of flues.

[0011] Preferably, the balance channel spans across each carbonization chamber and each combustion chamber and is communicated with the flue at the position directly below it, so as to evenly distribute the raw gas generated in the carbonization chamber to the flues in each combustion chamber.

[0012] Preferably, the number of the balance channels is multiple and is the same as the number of the flues in a single combustion chamber. The multiple balance channels are arranged in parallel, and each balance channel is communicated with the flues at the corresponding positions in the combustion chamber.

[0013] Preferably, the balance channel is built with silica bricks or fireclay bricks.

[0014] Preferably, the height of the carbonization chamber is greater than its width.

[0015] The carbonization chamber-combustion chamber structure provided by the present invention can evenly distribute the raw gas generated in the carbonization chamber to the flues in each combustion chamber, so that the combustion conditions of each flue are the same, and further the temperature in the combustion chamber is evenly distributed, improving the uniformity of heating the carbonization chamber.

[0016] According to another aspect of the invention, a coke oven is provided, and its technical solution is as follows:

[0017] A coke oven includes a furnace body, and the furnace body includes the above-mentioned carbonization chamber-combustion chamber structure.

[0018] Preferably, a heat exchange chamber is further included in the furnace body. The carbonization chamber-combustion chamber structure is arranged above the furnace body, and the heat exchange chamber is arranged below the carbonization chamber-combustion chamber structure and is communicated with the combustion chamber. The heat exchange chamber is also communicated with the external environment and is used for preheating the combustion-supporting gas introduced.

[0019] The coke oven provided by the present invention can improve the uniformity of heating the carbonization chamber, and can recover the high-temperature flue gas generated in the combustion chamber for preheating the air, improving the heat utilization rate. Specifically, it has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] (1) Fast heating speed, which can shorten the coking time.

[0021] The carbonization chamber of the coke oven of the present invention is set to be tall and thin, and the carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber are arranged side by side, so that the coal cake placed in a tall and thin shape in the carbonization chamber can absorb the heat transferred from the combustion chamber to be coked into coke, and the contact area between the carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber is increased, and air is supplied into the vertical flue in sections from bottom to top, optimizing the uniformity of the temperature field in the vertical direction (i.e., the vertical direction) of the vertical flue, canceling the crossover holes and circulation holes in the traditional waste gas circulation type vertical flue, making the whole vertical flue have a reverse flame gas flow, and all transferring heat to the adjacent carbonization chambers, which can improve the heat transfer speed and effect and shorten the coking time.

[0022] (2) Indirect heating is adopted, there is no coal loss, and the production capacity can be improved.

[0023] Since the carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber are arranged side by side and independently of each other, it avoids the burning loss caused by the combustion heating above the carbonization chamber in the prior art, where the upper part of the coal material or coke is ignited, thus affecting the coke production capacity. Compared with the horizontal coke oven, the ton coke output can be increased by 1.5 - 4%.

[0024] (3) More uniform heating, which can improve the coke quality and output.

[0025] By setting a balance channel to evenly distribute the raw gas, the amount and composition difference of the raw gas entering the combustion chamber can be reduced, avoiding the heat difference generated by the combustion in different combustion chambers due to the fluctuation of the raw gas amount in different carbonization chambers at different coking cycles, thereby improving the heating uniformity and further improving the coke quality;

[0026] (4) Replacing chemical recovery with heat recovery simplifies the process flow, reduces the floor area, lowers the energy consumption, and improves the economy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the carbonization chamber - combustion chamber in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the combustion chamber in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a schematic distribution diagram of the air outlet in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the balance channel in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the coke oven in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6Schematic structural diagram of the heat exchange chamber in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 Schematic structural diagram of the inclined flue in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the air flow direction in the coke oven in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the flue gas flow direction in the coke oven in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 10 Schematic structural diagram of the silica brick in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 11 Schematic structural diagram of the air channel in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 12 Schematic structural diagram of the flue gas channel in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] In the figure: 10 - carbonization chamber; 20 - combustion chamber; 21 - first partition wall; 22 - second partition wall; 23 - vertical flue; 24 - air duct; 25 - furnace end; 26 - air outlet; 261 - first outlet; 262 - second outlet; 263 - third outlet; 30 - balance channel; 40 - inclined flue; 41 - first channel; 42 - second channel; 50 - heat exchange chamber; 51 - air cushion layer; 52 - first heat exchange horizontal layer; 53 - second heat exchange horizontal layer; 54 - third heat exchange horizontal layer; 55 - transition layer; 56 - ash removal waste gas duct; 57 - grate brick; 58 - air channel; 59 - flue gas channel; 60 - groove; 61 - protrusion; 62 - air inlet; 63 - flue gas outlet; M - raw coke oven gas; F - flue gas; K - air. Detailed implementation manners

[0040] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments of the present invention.

[0041] The present invention provides a carbonization chamber - combustion chamber structure of a coke oven, including a carbonization chamber and a combustion chamber, and the carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber are arranged in parallel,

[0042] The carbonization chamber - combustion chamber structure further includes a balance channel, and the balance channel is arranged above the carbonization chamber and communicates with the carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber respectively, so as to introduce the raw coke oven gas generated in the carbonization chamber into the combustion chamber.

[0043] Correspondingly, the present invention also provides a coke oven, including a furnace body, and the furnace body includes the above - mentioned carbonization chamber - combustion chamber structure.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] As Figure 1 shown, this embodiment discloses a carbonization chamber - combustion chamber structure for a coke oven, including a carbonization chamber 10 and a combustion chamber 20, which are arranged in parallel. The structure further includes a balance channel 30, which is arranged above the carbonization chamber 10 and the combustion chamber 20 and is respectively connected to the carbonization chamber 10 and the combustion chamber 20, and is used to introduce the raw gas generated in the carbonization chamber 10 into the combustion chamber 20.

[0046] Specifically, the carbonization chamber 10 is used to place coal materials to provide a place for the dry distillation of coal materials. During the coking process, coal materials are placed in the lower part of the carbonization chamber 10. After the coal materials are heated and dry - distilled, combustible substances (raw gas in this embodiment) are generated. A certain space usually needs to be reserved in its upper part, and this space is connected to the balance channel 30 so that the raw gas generated by the dry distillation of coal materials can flow to the balance channel 30. The coal materials can be high - quality coking coal, or coking coal mixed with weakly caking coal and / or non - caking coal, which is not further limited in this embodiment. The shape of the carbonization chamber 10 is tall and thin, that is, the height is greater than the width. The ratio of the height to the width of the carbonization chamber 10 can be selected according to actual needs, which is not further limited in this embodiment. The combustion chamber 20 is used to burn the raw gas generated by the dry distillation of the coal materials in the carbonization chamber and provide heat for the carbonization chamber.

[0047] Optionally, the number of carbonization chambers 10 is multiple, and the number of combustion chambers 20 is multiple. The multiple carbonization chambers 10 and the multiple combustion chambers 20 are arranged alternately. The balance channel 30 spans across each carbonization chamber 10 and combustion chamber 20, so as to evenly distribute the combustible substances in each carbonization chamber 10 into each combustion chamber 20. The number of combustion chambers 20 is always one more than the number of carbonization chambers 10, so that each carbonization chamber 10 is located between two combustion chambers 20, so as to evenly transfer the heat generated in each combustion chamber 20 to each carbonization chamber 10, improving the heating uniformity and heating efficiency of the carbonization chamber 10.

[0048] As Figure 2 shown, each combustion chamber 20 includes multiple pairs of vertical flues 23. A first partition wall 21 is arranged between each pair of vertical flues, making the multiple vertical flues 23 independent of each other. The multiple pairs of vertical flues are all vertically arranged, and the top and bottom of the vertical flue 23 are both open. Among them: the top opening of the vertical flue 23 (which is the connection hole at the top of the combustion chamber) is used to connect to the balance channel 30, so that the raw gas generated in the carbonization chamber 10 enters the vertical flue 23. The vertical flue 23 is a combustion channel, and the raw gas burns in the vertical flue 23; the bottom opening of the vertical flue 23 is used to discharge the flue gas generated by the combustion of the raw gas.

[0049] In this embodiment, the first partition wall 21 can be built with silica bricks. The silica bricks are provided with brick grooves and brick tongues. By interlocking the brick grooves and brick tongues between two adjacent silica bricks, the adjacent silica bricks can be tightly combined, so as to enhance the strength and stability of the first partition wall 21. At the same time, the first partition wall 21 made of tightly combined silica bricks has good airtightness, which can avoid gas leakage between different vertical flues 23 and between the combustion chamber 20 and the carbonization chamber 10, thereby improving the heating uniformity.

[0050] In this embodiment, a second partition wall 22 is provided between the two vertical flues in each pair of vertical flues 23. That is to say, the first partition wall 21 and the second partition wall 22 are arranged at intervals, and on both sides of the same vertical flue 23, there is a first partition wall 21 and a second partition wall 22 respectively.

[0051] The second partition wall 22 is also built with the above-mentioned silica bricks, and an air duct 24 is provided in the second partition wall 22. The number of air ducts 24 in each second partition wall 22 can be one, that is, two vertical flues 23 in a pair of vertical flues adjacent to the same second partition wall 22 share one air duct 24. The number of air ducts 24 in each second partition wall 22 can also be two, and the two air ducts 24 are respectively communicated with the two vertical flues 23 in each pair of vertical flues, and are used to provide the air required for the combustion of the raw coke oven gas in the vertical flue 23. The first partition wall 21 and the second partition wall 22 are arranged at intervals, and on both sides of each vertical flue 23, there is a first partition wall 21 and a second partition wall 22 respectively. That is to say, starting from the outermost vertical flue 23 (i.e., the furnace end 25) of each combustion chamber 20 for sorting, the air duct 24 is only provided in the partition wall with an odd number (i.e., the second partition wall 22), and no air duct 24 is provided in the partition wall with an even number (i.e., the first partition wall 21). The first partition wall 21 is only used for functions such as load-bearing and isolation.

[0052] During the coking process, since the temperature of the air passage 24 is lower than that of the flue 23, heat will be absorbed from the flue 23, resulting in temperature differences at different positions in the combustion chamber. That is, the temperatures of the air passage 24 and the flue 23 are different, which causes differences in the heating degree of the carbonization chamber adjacent to the combustion chamber. This will cause "zebra stripes" with alternating light and dark arrangements to appear at the positions corresponding to the air passage 24 and the flue 23 on the coking product (i.e., coke), affecting the quality of the coke. In this embodiment, by arranging the air passage 24 only in the partition walls with odd numbers (i.e., the second partition wall 22), the number of the second partition walls 22 with the air passage 24 can be halved, so that the number of temperature hot and cold intersections in the combustion chamber 20 can be reduced, the temperature distribution in the combustion chamber 20 can be made more uniform, the heating of the carbonization chamber 10 can be made more uniform, and thus the appearance of "zebra stripes" on the coke can be reduced or avoided, improving the quality of the coke. Compared with the traditional waste gas circulation type flue, the flues 23 in this embodiment are independent of each other. Since raw coal gas is introduced into each flue 23 from the top and the flame generated by its combustion is downward, that is, the flame is an inverted flame type, and air is introduced into the flue 23 in sections from its bottom, and the flue 23 is all upward gas flow (no downward gas flow), and heat can be transferred to the adjacent carbonization chamber 10, which can improve the heat transfer speed and effect and shorten the coking time.

[0053] In this embodiment, in order to ensure the full combustion of the raw coal gas in each flue and further improve the temperature balance at each position of the flue 23, an outlet (air outlet 26) is provided on each air passage 24 for introducing air into the flue 23. The number of the air outlets 26 is one or more. In this embodiment, it is preferably multiple. For example, multiple air outlets 26 are evenly distributed along the length direction of the air passage. Through the multiple air outlets 26, air can enter each flue 23 as evenly as possible from different positions, so as to make the raw coal gas fully combust in the flue 23 and improve the temperature balance of the flue, thereby improving the heating effect on the carbonization chamber during coking.

[0054] As Figure 3 shown, in this embodiment, it is preferably to set three air outlets 26 on each air passage 24, that is, the first outlet 261, the second outlet 262, and the third outlet 263 are sequentially arranged at the upper, middle, and lower parts of the air passage 24. The amount of air introduced is allocated according to the sizes (areas) of the three air outlets 26. By making the raw coal gas burn to different degrees at the upper, middle, and lower parts of the flue, the temperature uniformity of the combustion chamber 20 can be further improved, and the heating effect on the carbonization chamber 10 can be further improved. The shapes of the first outlet 261, the second outlet 262, and the third outlet 263 can be any shape such as square or circular, and this embodiment does not make further limitations.

[0055] An alternative embodiment is that the area sizes of the three air outlets 26 are preferably first decreased and then increased from top to bottom, that is, the area size of the second outlet 262 is smaller than that of the first outlet 261, and the area size of the first outlet 261 is smaller than that of the third outlet 263. For example, the area size ratio of the first outlet 261, the second outlet 262, and the third outlet 263 can be 1-2:1:3-5. In this embodiment, the area size ratio of the first outlet 261, the second outlet 262, and the third outlet 263 is preferably 1.5:1:2.5 to ensure that the raw coke oven gas cannot be completely burned in the upper part of the vertical flue 23. The unburned raw coke oven gas enters the middle part of the vertical flue 23 and continues to burn, and the remaining unburned raw coke oven gas is completely burned in the lower part of the vertical flue 23. This helps to improve the uniformity of the temperature distribution of the entire coke oven.

[0056] In this embodiment, by providing air outlets 26 with different sizes at different positions on the air duct 24 and inputting air into the upper, middle, and lower parts of the vertical flue 23 respectively in a certain proportion, the unburned raw coke oven gas in the upper part of the vertical flue 23 can continue to burn in the middle and lower parts of the vertical flue, ensuring that the raw coke oven gas is completely burned. By introducing air in segments, the uniformity of the temperature in the combustion chamber 20 can also be effectively improved, avoiding the accelerated damage and softening of the wall between the vertical flues due to excessive local temperature in the combustion chamber 20.

[0057] It should be noted that the number, position, size, etc. of the air outlets 26 listed above are only partial examples and are not limited thereto. Specifically, they can be adjusted according to the design requirements of the coke oven in this embodiment, and the optimal layout opening scheme can be obtained through numerical calculation, which is not further limited here.

[0058] The balance channels 30 span across each coking chamber 10 and each combustion chamber 20. The balance channels 30 are interconnected through the top space of the coking chamber 10 and are connected to the vertical flue 23 directly below them to evenly distribute the raw coke oven gas generated in the coking chamber 10 into the vertical flues 23 of each combustion chamber 20.

[0059] Optionally, as Figure 3 shown, the number of the balance channels 30 is multiple and is the same as the number of the vertical flues in a single combustion chamber 20. The multiple balance channels 30 are arranged in parallel, and each balance channel 30 is connected to the vertical flues 23 at corresponding positions in the combustion chamber 20.

[0060] During the coking process, since different carbonization chambers 10 are in different coking stages, there are differences in the quantity and composition of the raw coke oven gas generated. In this embodiment, by providing a plurality of parallel balance channels, the raw coke oven gas in the plurality of carbonization chambers 10 in different coking stages can be drawn by the pressure difference, and the raw coke oven gas in the carbonization chamber with more generated raw coke oven gas will enter the balance channel 30 faster and more. This makes the composition of the raw coke oven gas in each balance channel (the balance channels are not directly connected to each other, but only connected through the carbonization chambers connected to them) tend to be consistent, that is, evenly distributed horizontally along the coke oven; then the raw coke oven gas in the same balance channel 30 can enter the vertical flues 23 at the same position in each combustion chamber 20 along the longitudinal direction of the coke oven (i.e., the machine side - coke side direction) (i.e., longitudinal balance), so that the raw coke oven gas entering each vertical flue 23 is the same, thereby making the combustion conditions in each vertical flue closer, and further improving the heating uniformity.

[0061] In this embodiment, the balance channel 30 can be constructed with silica bricks and fireclay bricks. Of course, it can also be constructed with bricks of other materials, and this embodiment does not make further limitations.

[0062] The carbonization chamber - combustion chamber structure disclosed in this embodiment can evenly distribute the raw coke oven gas generated in the carbonization chamber to the vertical flues in each combustion chamber, so that the combustion conditions in each vertical flue are the same, thereby making the temperature in the combustion chamber evenly distributed and improving the heating uniformity of the carbonization chamber.

[0063] Embodiment 2

[0064] As Figure 5 shown, a coke oven disclosed in this embodiment includes a furnace body. The furnace body includes the carbonization chamber - combustion chamber structure described in Embodiment 1, and this carbonization chamber - combustion chamber structure is arranged in the upper part of the furnace body.

[0065] Furthermore, a heat exchange chamber 50 is further included in the furnace body. The heat exchange chamber 50 is arranged below the carbonization chamber - combustion chamber structure, that is, in the lower part of the furnace body, and is connected to the combustion chamber 20. The heat exchange chamber 50 is also connected to the external environment and is used to preheat the supplied combustion supporting gas (such as air). The outer wall of the heat exchange chamber 50 is preferably constructed with bricks made of materials with good heat insulation properties to reduce heat loss.

[0066] Specifically, as Figure 6As shown, the heat exchange chamber 50 includes a heat exchange chamber body. Inside the heat exchange chamber body, there are an air passage 58 and a flue gas passage 59. The air passage 58 and the flue gas passage 59 are arranged in parallel. Among them: The air passage 58 is used to connect with the air passage 24 in the combustion chamber 20 for delivering air to the air passage 24; the flue gas passage 59 is used to connect with the flue 23 in the combustion chamber 20 for outputting the flue gas generated by combustion in the flue 23. The number of the air passage 58 and the flue gas passage 59 is the same as the number of the combustion chambers 20, both being multiple. That is to say, below each combustion chamber 20, there corresponds an air passage 58 and a flue gas passage 59. The air passages 58 and the flue gas passages 59 corresponding to the lower parts of different combustion chambers 20 are arranged alternately, that is, in the heat exchange chamber 50, the arrangement is "air passage 58 - flue gas passage 59 - air passage 58 - flue gas passage 59".

[0067] In this embodiment, as Figure 7 shown, at the bottom of the combustion chamber 20, there are ramps 4 for connecting the combustion chamber 20 and the heat exchange chamber 50. The number of the ramps 4 is multiple and the same as the number of the flues 23 or the air passages 24. The ramp 4 includes a first passage 41 and a second passage 42. Among them: The two ends of the first passage 41 are respectively connected with the air passage 24 in the combustion chamber 20 and the air passage 58 in the heat exchange chamber 50 to deliver air to the air passage 24; the two ends of the second passage 42 are respectively connected with the flue 23 in the combustion chamber 5 and the flue gas passage 59 in the heat exchange chamber 50 to discharge the flue gas generated by combustion.

[0068] The first passage 41 and the second passage 42 are separated by laying refractory bricks with good thermal conductivity so that the air in the first passage 41 and the flue gas in the second passage 42 can exchange heat. In this embodiment, the inclination of the first passage 41 and the second passage 42 is 30° - 90°. For example, the inclination of the ramp 4 can be 40°.

[0069] In this embodiment, the interior of the heat exchange chamber body is divided into a multi-layer structure. The air passage 58 and the flue gas passage 59 are arranged in parallel and penetrate through the multi-layer structure so that the layers of the multi-layer structure are sequentially connected. That is, each layer in the multi-layer structure has an air passage and a flue gas passage. The air passages of all layers are connected together to form the entire column of air passage 58, and the flue gas passages of all layers are connected together to form the entire column of flue gas passage 59. The air passages 58 of each layer are sequentially connected, and the flue gas passages 59 of each layer are sequentially connected. Each layer is separated by a partition wall to separate the air passage and the flue gas passage of this layer.

[0070] In this embodiment, the multi-layer structure of the heat exchange chamber 40 includes an air cushion layer 51 and a heat exchange layer. Among them: The air cushion layer 51 is arranged at the bottom inside the heat exchange chamber body, and the heat exchange layer is arranged above the air cushion layer 51. In some alternative embodiments, as Figure 5As shown in the figure, the heat exchange layer includes a first heat exchange horizontal layer 52, a second heat exchange horizontal layer 53, and a third heat exchange horizontal layer 54. The three are arranged in sequence from bottom to top and are interconnected through air channels and flue gas channels. The connection points between any adjacent two layers (including the upper and lower connection points of the air channels and flue gas channels of each layer) are arranged staggeredly, finally forming an S-shaped air channel 58 and an S-shaped flue gas channel 59. Air flows upward layer by layer in a circuitous manner from bottom to top in the entire column of air channels 58 (as shown in Figure 8 ), and flue gas flows downward layer by layer in a circuitous manner from top to bottom in the entire column of flue gas channels 59 (as shown in Figure 9 ), so as to extend the heat exchange time and increase the heat exchange contact area to improve the heat exchange effect.

[0071] The number of air channels 58 and flue gas channels 59 arranged in multiple layers can be one column or multiple columns. In this embodiment, both the air channels 58 and the flue gas channels 59 are multiple columns. Therefore, the number of air channels and flue gas channels in each layer is multiple, and the air channels and flue gas channels in each layer are arranged alternately. A grate brick 57 is provided at the part of the flue gas channel between the second heat exchange horizontal layer 53 and the third heat exchange horizontal layer 54. Through the porous structure on the grate brick 57, the high-temperature flue gas of the third heat exchange horizontal layer 54 can be evenly dispersed and input into the second heat exchange horizontal layer 53, which is beneficial to improving the uniformity of air preheating.

[0072] In this embodiment, the number of air channels 58 and flue gas channels 59 is the same as the number of combustion chambers 20. Each column of air channels 58 and each column of flue gas channels 59 are arranged in parallel, so that the lower part of each combustion chamber 20 corresponds to a column of air channels and a column of flue gas channels. The air channels 58 and flue gas channels 59 corresponding to the lower parts of different combustion chambers 20 are arranged alternately, that is, the heat exchange chamber 40 is arranged in the order of "air channel 58 - flue gas channel 59 - air channel 58 - flue gas channel 59".

[0073] Optionally, multiple air inlets are provided on each air channel of the air cushion layer 51 for inputting combustion-supporting gas (air). In this embodiment, it is preferably to set four air inlets on each air channel of the air cushion layer (as shown in Figure 11 ), and the four air inlets are evenly distributed so that air can enter the heat exchange chamber 40 evenly. The air cushion layer 51 is the first layer for the cold air (combustion-supporting gas) in the external environment to enter the furnace body. It can isolate and block the heat transfer of the first heat exchange horizontal layer 52 downward, play a role in cooling the bottom of the coke oven, and at the same time can also play a role in protecting the bottom of the coke oven. Multiple flue gas outlets are provided on each flue gas channel of the air cushion layer 51 for discharging the high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion in the vertical flue. In this embodiment, it is preferably to set four flue gas outlets on each flue gas channel (as shown in Figure 12 ), and the four flue gas outlets 62 form a four-way flue.

[0074] In this embodiment, the heat exchange chamber 40 adopts a quarter heat exchange chamber, that is, each air passage 58 is provided with four air inlets, and each flue gas passage 59 is provided with four flue gas outlets, which can shorten the flow path of air and flue gas and reduce the flow resistance, thereby reducing the respective pressure drops, reducing the pressure difference between the two, and further reducing the risk of air and flue gas leakage in the heat exchange chamber 40 (there are certain gaps in the partition wall made of silica bricks, and these gaps will cause gas leakage between the brick walls in the furnace. After adopting the above-mentioned quarter heat exchange chamber structure, the pressure difference between the air passage and the flue gas passage is reduced, and the leakage phenomenon is weakened), and the stability and reliability of the heat exchange chamber 40 can be improved.

[0075] In this embodiment, since the inside of the coke oven is in a negative pressure state, during the process of charging coal and other materials, external dust gas will enter the combustion chamber 20. The raw gas generated during the coking process will also carry some ash, resulting in a large amount of dust in the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the combustion chamber 20. Therefore, in this embodiment, as Figure 6 shown, a transition layer 55 can also be provided in the heat exchange chamber 40. The transition layer 55 is arranged above the third heat exchange horizontal layer 54 and is between the third heat exchange horizontal layer 54 and the bottom of the combustion chamber 20. The transition layer 55 is also provided with a partition wall to divide the transition layer into an air passage and a flue gas passage. The air passage of the transition layer is communicated with the air passage of the third heat exchange horizontal layer 54, and the flue gas passage 59 of the transition layer 55 includes a settling area and an ash removal exhaust gas passage 56 arranged in the partition wall. The inlet of the settling area is communicated with the vertical flue 23 of the combustion chamber 20. The inlet of the ash removal exhaust gas passage 6 is preferably arranged at the upper part of the flue gas passage of the transition layer 55 and is communicated with the settling area. The outlet of the ash removal exhaust gas passage 56 is communicated with the flue gas passage arranged in the third heat exchange horizontal layer 54. The dust in the flue gas coming out of the combustion chamber 20 settles due to gravity in the settling area of the transition layer 55. The dust deposited in the settling area of the transition layer 55 is cleaned every once in a while to maintain the ash removal effect of the transition layer 55. The flue gas after ash removal enters the flue gas passage of the third heat exchange horizontal layer 54 from the ash removal exhaust gas passage 6. A grate brick 57 is also provided in the part of the air passage between the third heat exchange horizontal layer 54 and the transition layer 55. Through the porous structure on the grate brick 57, the low-temperature air of the third heat exchange horizontal layer 54 is evenly dispersed and input into the transition layer 55, which is beneficial to improving the uniformity of air preheating.

[0076] Optionally, the partition wall in the heat exchange chamber 40 is made of a material with good high-temperature heat conductivity, such as silica brick, as Figure 10As shown in the figure, the cross-section of the silica brick in the partition wall of the heat exchange chamber 40 is preferably in a T shape, with one end extending horizontally being wider and having a groove 60 provided at this end, and the other end extending vertically being narrower, and a protrusion 61 matching the groove is provided at the position corresponding to the groove at this end, which is convenient for masonry of the partition wall. The surface of the partition wall built with the silica bricks having a T-shaped cross-section is set to be uneven, increasing its surface area, which can increase the contact area with air and flue gas and improve the heat transfer effect. The air input from the external environment and the flue gas discharged from combustion transfer heat through the partition wall in each layer structure of the heat exchange chamber 40 to preheat the air, thereby increasing the temperature of the air. In this embodiment, the preheating temperature of the air in the heat exchange chamber 40 is 400 - 600 °C, for example, about 500 °C. The specific number of layers of the heat exchange chamber 40 can be selected according to actual conditions, and no further limitation is made in this embodiment.

[0077] In the coking oven of this embodiment, the gas flow direction during operation is as follows:

[0078] (1) The coal charge is carbonized in the carbonization chamber, and the raw coke oven gas (650 - 800 °C) is generated. It enters into multiple balance channels at the top of the furnace body through the reserved space at the top of the carbonization chamber respectively, and then enters the vertical flue from the top of the combustion chamber. It burns in the vertical flue, generating a large amount of high-temperature flue gas (about 1300 °C) and heat. The high-temperature flue gas enters the transition layer of the heat exchange chamber through the second channel in the inclined flue from the bottom of the vertical flue. A large amount of dust is removed in the transition layer and heat exchange is carried out with the air in this layer. After dust removal, the high temperature enters the S-shaped flue gas channels in the third heat exchange horizontal layer, the second heat exchange horizontal layer, the first heat exchange horizontal layer, and the air cushion layer in sequence through the dust removal waste gas duct, and heat exchange is carried out with the air, so that the air is preheated in the heat exchange chamber and then output to the waste heat boiler for power generation. The heat generated by the combustion of the raw coke oven gas in the vertical flue is transferred to the carbonization chamber arranged between the combustion chambers through heat transfer for the carbonization of the coal charge, and coke products are obtained after the carbonization of the coal charge.

[0079] (2) The cold air from the external environment is input from the bottom of the heat exchange chamber and first enters the air cushion layer to isolate the bottom of the coking oven, which can play a certain protective role; then the air sequentially passes through the S-shaped air channels in the first heat exchange horizontal layer, the second heat exchange horizontal layer, the third heat exchange horizontal layer, and the transition layer, and heat exchange is carried out with the high-temperature flue gas in the flue gas channels of each layer, thereby increasing its own temperature (about 500 °C); the preheated air enters the air duct in the combustion chamber through the first channel in the inclined flue, and enters the vertical flue through the first outlet, the second outlet, and the third outlet provided on the air duct for burning the raw coke oven gas.

[0080] The coking oven disclosed in this embodiment can improve the heating uniformity of the carbonization chamber, and can recover the high-temperature flue gas generated in the combustion chamber for preheating the air, improving the heat utilization rate.

[0081] It can be understood that the above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For those of ordinary skill in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coke oven, comprising a furnace body and a carbonization chamber - combustion chamber structure, wherein the carbonization chamber - combustion chamber structure includes a carbonization chamber (10) and a combustion chamber (20). It is characterized in that the furnace body includes the carbonization chamber - combustion chamber structure, and the carbonization chamber (10) and the combustion chamber (20) are arranged in parallel. The carbonization chamber - combustion chamber structure further includes a balance channel (30), which is arranged above the carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber and is respectively communicated with the carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber to introduce the raw gas generated in the carbonization chamber into the combustion chamber. A plurality of pairs of vertical flues (23) are arranged in the combustion chamber, and each pair of vertical flues (23) is separated by a first partition wall, and the first partition wall is used to prevent gas leakage between different vertical flues (23) and between the combustion chamber (20) and the carbonization chamber (10); a second partition wall is arranged between the two vertical flues (23) in each pair of vertical flues (23), and an air duct (24) is arranged in the second partition wall, and the air duct is communicated with the two adjacent vertical flues (23). Three air outlets (26) are arranged on each air duct (24), and each air outlet (26) is used to input air into the vertical flue (23). The plurality of air outlets (26) are uniformly distributed along the length direction of the air duct (24). The area sizes of the three air outlets (26) first decrease and then increase from top to bottom, and the area size of the uppermost air outlet is smaller than the area size of the lowermost air outlet. The numbers of the carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber are both plural, the carbonization chambers and the combustion chambers are arranged alternately, and the number of the combustion chambers is one more than the number of the carbonization chambers, so that each carbonization chamber is located between two combustion chambers. The balance channel straddles each carbonization chamber and each combustion chamber and is communicated with the vertical flue at the position directly below it to evenly distribute the raw gas generated in the carbonization chamber into the vertical flues of each combustion chamber. The number of the balance channels is plural and is the same as the number of the vertical flues in a single combustion chamber. The plurality of balance channels are arranged in parallel, and each balance channel is communicated with the vertical flues at corresponding positions in the combustion chamber. The raw gas in the same balance channel enters the vertical flues at the same position in each combustion chamber along the longitudinal direction of the coke oven. A heat exchange chamber is further included in the furnace body. The carbonization chamber - combustion chamber structure is arranged in the upper part of the furnace body, and the heat exchange chamber is arranged below the carbonization chamber - combustion chamber structure and is communicated with the combustion chamber. The heat exchange chamber is also communicated with the external environment and is used to preheat the combustion-supporting gas introduced. The heat exchange chamber includes a heat exchange chamber body, and the interior of the heat exchange chamber body is divided into a multi-layer structure. The multi-layer structure of the heat exchange chamber includes an air cushion layer and a heat exchange layer, wherein: the air cushion layer is arranged at the bottom position inside the heat exchange chamber body, and the heat exchange layer is arranged above the air cushion layer. In the heat exchange chamber body, there are an air passage and a flue gas passage. The air passage and the flue gas passage are arranged in parallel and penetrate through the multi-layer structure so that the layers of the multi-layer structure are sequentially communicated with each other; On each flue gas passage of the air cushion layer, there are a plurality of flue gas outlets, and each of the flue gas outlets faces downward.

2. The coke oven according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are two air passages in the second partition wall, and the two air passages are respectively communicated with two of the vertical flue passages in each pair of vertical flue passages.

3. The coke oven according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The balance passage is built with silica bricks or fireclay bricks.

4. The coke oven according to claim 3, characterized in that, The height of the carbonization chamber is greater than its width.

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