Soil device and method for repairing degraded grassland soil using the device

Abstract

The present application discloses a soil device and a method for repairing degraded grassland soil using the device, which relates to the field of soil repair technology and solves the technical problems of serious grassland degradation, high grassland degradation management cost and long recovery period. The soil device of the present application includes a device body, a slow-release fertilizer and a covering layer. The top and the interior of the device body are hollow, and the slow-release fertilizer is contained in the device body; the covering layer is a porous structure, and the covering layer is coated on the top of the device body and fixedly connected to the device body. The present application is mainly used to repair degraded grassland soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of soil remediation, and in particular to a soil device and a method for remediating degraded grassland soil using the soil device. Background Art

[0002] At present, environmental problems are becoming increasingly serious, among which grassland degradation is the main problem. Grassland degradation mainly refers to the reverse succession process of grassland ecosystem structural imbalance, primary productivity decline, ecological function decline, etc. caused by factors such as climate change and unreasonable human economic activities.

[0003] People's overloading, overgrazing, over-cultivation and improper grassland management have far exceeded the soil's self-repair capacity, destroying the relative balance of material circulation in grassland ecosystems and causing reverse succession of the ecosystem, a decrease in plant species, deterioration of grass quality, formation of alopecia and exposure of bare soil. For example, the southern part of my country's Songnen Plain has severely degraded into saline-alkali grassland, and the vegetation layer has gradually disappeared.

[0004] At present, there are many measures to control grassland degradation, which can be summarized into the following two aspects:

[0005] ⑴ Enclosure and grazing ban. The management method usually adopts "enclosure and grazing", that is, dividing the grassland into several small areas, relieving grazing pressure, and allowing the grassland to recover naturally. It is widely used in the restoration of degraded grassland as a low-input and economical measure.

[0006] (2) Vigorously implement grassland improvement. Grassland improvement mainly includes shallow tillage, soil loosening and improvement, and reseeding. Improve the soil quality of degraded grasslands to promote their progress towards positive succession.

[0007] However, the above two types of measures for controlling grassland degradation still have two obvious disadvantages: first, the cost of control is relatively high. Both grazing ban and grassland improvement require large-scale transformation and require a lot of manpower and material resources to operate. Second, they are time-consuming and complicated to operate. Both methods require waiting for the grassland to recover on its own, which is a very long process. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present application is to provide a soil device and a method for repairing degraded grassland soil using the device, so as to solve the technical problems of severe grassland degradation, high cost of grassland degradation control and long recovery period.

[0009] The soil device of the present application includes a device body, a slow-release fertilizer and a covering layer. The top and interior of the device body are hollow, and the slow-release fertilizer is contained in the device body; the covering layer is a porous structure, and the covering layer is coated on the top of the device body and fixedly connected to the device body.

[0010] The soil device of the present application, on the one hand, has a covering layer of a porous structure, and the covering layer is coated on the device body, which can allow plant seeds to fall into the device body under natural conditions such as wind or rain, and allow grass seeds to grow through the pores in the covering layer, and the slow-release fertilizer can make the grass grow better, thereby achieving the purpose of quickly repairing degraded grassland soil; on the other hand, the soil device has low cost, high improvement efficiency, and is easy to operate, which greatly shortens the repair cycle of degraded grassland soil.

[0011] Optionally, the device body is a cylinder with a hollow top and interior.

[0012] Preferably, the height of the device body is smaller than the diameter of the bottom surface and is in the shape of a flat pancake.

[0013] Preferably, the lower surface diameter of the device body is 20 cm and the side height is 8 cm.

[0014] Preferably, the body of the device is a permeable, degradable membrane.

[0015] Preferably, the device body is a film made by blending polylactic acid and starch.

[0016] Preferably, the pore size of the covering layer is smaller than the particle size of the slow-release fertilizer and larger than the particle size of the plant seeds.

[0017] Preferably, the covering layer is pure cotton gauze.

[0018] Preferably, the slow-release fertilizer is composed of a mixture of biochar, nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, and potassium chloride, and the mass ratio of C:N:P:K in the slow-release fertilizer is 60:5:1:5.

[0019] The present application also proposes a method for repairing degraded grassland soil using a soil device, which is applicable to the soil device as described above and comprises the following steps:

[0020] Step S1, assembling the soil device: loading the slow-release fertilizer into the device body, covering the covering layer on the device body, and fixing the covering layer to the device body;

[0021] Step S2: dig a certain number of soil pits at the soil that needs to be repaired, and bury multiple soil devices in each of the soil pits.

[0022] The method of repairing degraded grassland soil using the soil device of the present application is consistent with the technical effect of the soil device of the present application, and will not be described in detail here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the soil device of the present application;

[0025] Figure 2 is a longitudinal section view of the overall structure of the soil device of the present application;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a longitudinal section view of the effect of the soil device of the present application;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a rendering of the field deployment of multiple soil devices of the present application.

[0028] Description of reference numerals:

[0029] 1—Device body; 2—Slow-release fertilizer; 3—Covering layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0031] Embodiment 1

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the soil device of the present application, such as Figure 1 As shown, the soil device of the present application includes a device body 1, a slow-release fertilizer 2 and a covering layer 3. The top and the interior of the device body 1 are hollow, and the slow-release fertilizer 2 is accommodated in the device body 1; the covering layer 3 is a porous structure, and the covering layer 3 is coated on the top of the device body 1 and fixedly connected to the device body 1.

[0033] The soil device of the present application, on the one hand, has a covering layer 3 of a porous structure, and the covering layer 3 is coated on the device body 1, which can allow plant seeds to fall into the device body 1 under natural conditions such as wind or rain, and allow grass seeds to grow through the pores in the covering layer 3, and the slow-release fertilizer 2 can make the grass grow better, thereby achieving the purpose of quickly repairing degraded grassland soil; on the other hand, the soil device has low cost, high improvement efficiency, and is easy to operate, which greatly shortens the repair cycle of degraded grassland soil.

[0034] Optionally, the device body 1 is a cylinder with a hollow top and interior. It should be noted that the structure of the device body 1 can also be other shapes such as a polygonal column or a cone, and the present application takes a cylinder as an example for illustration.

[0035] Preferably, if Figure 1 As shown, when the device body 1 is a cylinder with a hollow top and inside, the height of the device body 1 is less than the diameter of the bottom surface, and it is in the shape of a flat pancake. For example, the diameter of the lower surface of the device body 1 is 20 cm, and the height of the side is 8 cm; this flat pancake-shaped base structure effectively increases the contact area between the soil device and the surrounding soil, promotes the exchange of substances such as water and air with the surrounding soil, and enhances the effect of applying slow-release fertilizers into the surrounding soil. The thickness of the device body can be ignored, so the soil volume that each soil device can act on can be calculated based on the effective volume of the cylinder, and the soil area that each soil device can act on can be calculated based on the effective area of ​​the cylinder (taking the diameter of the cylinder as 20 cm as an example, it can be calculated that the soil area that a single soil device can directly act on is 314 cm 2 ), which is convenient for calculating the number and scale of soil devices required for a certain area of ​​soil in practice.

[0036] It should be noted that the device body 1 is a permeable and degradable membrane. The nutrients in the slow-release fertilizer 2 can diffuse to the soil through the device body 1, and the moisture in the soil can also enter the soil device through the device body 1, accelerating the release of the slow-release fertilizer.

[0037] Exemplarily, the device body 1 is a film made by blending polylactic acid (PLA) and starch. PLA is a synthetic polyester with sufficient and renewable raw material sources, especially good biodegradability. Its decomposition products are non-toxic and have no secondary pollution. The tensile and compressive strength is 40MPa to 60MPa, which meets the strength requirements for wrapping slow-release fertilizers and can make loose slow-release fertilizers pile up and form, thereby better fixing the device. Blending PLA with starch can improve the mechanical properties of starch-based plastics and also reduce the cost of PLA-based plastics. The film made by blending polylactic acid and starch has good permeability, is degradable, and has low cost.

[0038] Specifically, the slow-release fertilizer 2 is composed of a mixture of biochar, nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, and potassium chloride. Among them, biochar is a product formed by high-temperature pyrolysis of organic substances such as crop straw, woody materials, livestock manure and other materials under low oxygen and anoxic conditions. It is a type of organic matter that is rich in carbon (carbon source), highly aromatic and highly stable. If applied to the soil, its porous characteristics and specific surface area are conducive to soil moisture accumulation, increased porosity, and reduced bulk density, thereby providing a good growth environment for plants and having a significant improvement effect on the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Nitrate nitrogen fertilizers include sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, etc. These nitrate nitrogen fertilizers are easily soluble in water and have a fast transmission rate in the soil, so they are easy for plants to absorb, and nitrate nitrogen fertilizers have no inhibitory effect on the absorption of nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium by crops. Water-soluble phosphate fertilizers are suitable for all soils and all crops. Potassium chloride contains 50% to 60% potassium oxide and is mainly made from carnallite, sylvite and bittern. Compared with other potash fertilizers, potassium chloride is more soluble in water and is a quick-acting fertilizer that can be directly absorbed by plants. Potassium chloride is not very hygroscopic and usually does not clump. It has good physical properties and is easy to apply. In one embodiment, the slow-release fertilizer is in the form of a loose powder with a particle size of 1.5 to 2 mm.

[0039] Preferably, according to the data collection and analysis of 2384 soil profiles in China, the C:N:P ratio of my country's soil is 60:5:1. According to the large amount of test data collected in the fertilizer test database and the information in other literature, through further statistical analysis, the N:P:K required for the production of 100kg economic output of 6 major crops is obtained to be 3.307:1.354:2.839. Therefore, the mass ratio of the nutrient elements of the slow-release fertilizer set by the soil device is C:N:P:K=60:5:1:5. Compared with ordinary fertilizers, slow-release fertilizer 3 has the characteristics of long fertilizer effect period, high plant absorption and utilization rate, not easy to lose, safe application, etc. It can effectively enhance soil fertility, improve the self-repair ability of soil, and play the effect of continuously improving the surrounding degraded grassland soil, thereby achieving the purpose of gradually restoring the original ecological function of the soil.

[0040] It should be noted that the pore size of the covering layer 3 is smaller than the particle size of the slow-release fertilizer 2, which can ensure that the slow-release fertilizer 2 is not easy to leak out of the covering layer 3 during transportation or implementation, causing the loss of the slow-release fertilizer 2; the pore size of the covering layer 3 is larger than the particle size of the plant seeds, which can make the plant seeds fall into the soil device and grow out of the soil device. In one embodiment, the seeds can be sown by airplane and fall into the soil device, and the seeds can be sown according to the type of plant seeds that are easy to grow in the degraded grassland soil.

[0041] Exemplarily, the covering layer 3 is pure cotton gauze, which has the characteristics of biodegradability, no secondary pollution, long and tough, and not easy to break. The gauze here is analogous to a mulch film, which is beneficial to the warming of the soil and can promote the germination and growth of plant seeds. Preferably, the gauze is 16 mesh pure cotton gauze.

[0042] It should be noted that the soil device of the present application is used to repair degraded grassland soil, but is not limited to being used to repair degraded grassland soil, and can also be used for land desertification control and similar fields.

[0043] Embodiment 2

[0044] The present application also proposes a method for repairing degraded grassland soil using a soil device, which is applicable to the soil device as described above and comprises the following steps:

[0045] Step S1, assembling the soil device: loading the slow-release fertilizer 2 into the device body 1, and covering the covering layer 3 on the device body 1, and fixing the covering layer 3 to the device body 1;

[0046] Specifically, Figure 2 It is a longitudinal section diagram of the overall structure of the soil device of the present application, such as Figure 2 As shown, in step S1, a height difference is left between the slow-release fertilizer 2 and the top of the device body 1, preferably the height difference is 1 cm, and the covering layer 3 and the device body 1 are fixed by winding with a fiber rope to fix the covering layer 3 on the device body 1.

[0047] The height difference between the slow-release fertilizer 2 and the top of the device body 1 can prevent the excessive upward infiltration of the slow-release fertilizer under the influence of natural conditions such as wind and rain, so that it is unnecessary to lose under these conditions and cause waste; at the same time, the gap also leaves space for the growth of grass seeds, avoiding the crowded environment from inhibiting their growth.

[0048] Step S2: dig a certain number of soil pits at the soil that needs to be repaired, and bury multiple soil devices in each of the soil pits.

[0049] Optionally, Figure 3 It is a longitudinal section diagram of the effect of the soil device of the present application, such as Figure 3 As shown, in step S2, the soil device is exposed outside the soil by 1 cm to 3 cm, preferably 3 cm.

[0050] The soil device is exposed outside the soil, which makes it easy to lay the soil device when it is deployed in the wild, and also easy for plants to form roots and spread around when they grow, grow into grass, and repair degraded grassland soil. Figure 4 This is a field layout effect diagram of multiple soil devices of the present application, such as Figure 4 As shown, the soil device can well restore degraded grassland soil.

[0051] The technical effect of the method of repairing degraded grassland soil using a soil device in the present application is similar to the technical effect of the soil device, and will not be elaborated here.

[0052] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they are aware of the basic creative concepts. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present application. Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A soil device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a device body, a slow-release fertilizer and a covering layer. The device body is a cylindrical body with a hollow top and an inner part, and the slow-release fertilizer is contained in the device body. The covering layer is a porous structure, and the covering layer is coated on the top of the device body and is fixedly connected to the device body. The particle size of slow-release fertilizer is 1.5 to 2 mm in loose powder form; The pore size of the covering layer is smaller than the particle size of the slow-release fertilizer and larger than the particle size of the plant seeds, which can ensure that the slow-release fertilizer is not easy to leak out of the covering layer during transportation or implementation, causing the loss of the slow-release fertilizer, and can make the plant seeds fall into the soil device with wind or rain and grow out of the soil device; There is a height difference between the slow-release fertilizer and the top of the device body, which can prevent the slow-release fertilizer from excessively seeping upwards under the action of wind and rain, so that it is not lost and wasted under the action of wind and rain. At the same time, the gap leaves space for the growth of grass seeds, avoiding the crowded environment from inhibiting their growth. The device body is a permeable and degradable membrane. The nutrients in the slow-release fertilizer can diffuse to the soil through the device body. At the same time, the moisture in the soil can also enter the soil device through the device body, accelerating the release of the slow-release fertilizer. The specific device body is a film made by blending polylactic acid and starch. The tensile and compressive strength of polylactic acid is 40MPa-60MPa, which meets the strength requirements for wrapping slow-release fertilizers and can make loose slow-release fertilizers accumulate and form, thereby better fixing the device. Blending polylactic acid and starch can improve the mechanical properties of starch-based plastics and reduce the cost of polylactic acid-based plastics. The soil device is exposed outside the soil by 1cm to 3cm.

2. The soil device according to claim 1, characterized in that The device body is in the shape of a flat round pancake.

3. The soil device according to claim 2, characterized in that The lower surface diameter of the device body is 20 cm and the side height is 8 cm.

4. The soil device according to claim 1, characterized in that The cover is pure cotton gauze.

5. The soil device according to claim 1, characterized in that The slow-release fertilizer is composed of a mixture of biochar, nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, water-soluble phosphate fertilizer, and potassium chloride. The mass ratio of C:N:P:K in the slow-release fertilizer is 60:5:1:

5.

6. A method for repairing degraded grassland soil using a soil device, characterized in that: The soil device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 comprises the following steps: Step S1, assembling the soil device: loading the slow-release fertilizer into the device body, covering the covering layer on the device body, and fixing the covering layer to the device body; Step S2: dig a certain number of soil pits at the soil that needs to be repaired, and bury multiple soil devices in each of the soil pits.

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