Flame retardant decorative film

Abstract

The present invention provides a flame retardant decorative film, belonging to the technical field of decorative films. It includes a PVDF mask layer, a first adhesive layer, a PVC substrate layer, a second adhesive layer and a PVDF substrate layer arranged in sequence, the first adhesive layer is located between the PVDF mask layer and the PVC substrate layer to bond and fix the two, and the second adhesive layer is located between the PVC substrate layer and the PVDF substrate layer to bond and fix the two; the PVC substrate layer includes a silicon nitrogen flame retardant and an inorganic filler, and the content of the silicon nitrogen flame retardant and the inorganic filler in the PVC substrate layer is 52-67wt%; the PVDF weight content in the PVDF substrate layer is greater than or equal to 80%. The present invention sets a PVC substrate layer as a flame retardant layer in the decorative film, and limits the PVC substrate layer to use a silicon nitrogen flame retardant, which reduces the emission of heavy metals such as aluminum, magnesium, zinc, and antimony compared to traditional halogen-free flame retardants, which is beneficial to environmental protection. At the same time, the use of the silicon nitrogen flame retardant reduces the wear of processing machinery, which is beneficial to the stability of processing machinery and product lines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of decorative films, and in particular relates to a flame retardant decorative film used in interior compartments of airplanes, trains and motor vehicles. Background Art

[0002] Decorative film is a new type of decorative material made of high molecular polymer as raw material, adding various additives, calendering and compounding. It can be compounded with wood, plastic board, aluminum board, iron board and other base materials to make multi-purpose decorative materials. It is widely used in household appliances, audio surface decoration, interior decoration, aircraft, ships, and train interior decoration. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a flame retardant decorative film, which has good flame retardancy and low smoke density, can help avoid the occurrence of fire, reduce the generation of toxic gases in the fire, and thus avoid harm to the human body caused by inhalation of toxic gases.

[0004] The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A flame retardant decorative film, comprising a PVDF mask layer, a first adhesive layer, a PVC substrate layer, a second adhesive layer and a PVDF substrate layer arranged in sequence, wherein the first adhesive layer is located between the PVDF mask layer and the PVC substrate layer to bond and fix the two, and the second adhesive layer is located between the PVC substrate layer and the PVDF substrate layer to bond and fix the two;

[0006] The PVC substrate layer comprises a silicon nitrogen flame retardant and an inorganic filler, wherein the content of the silicon nitrogen flame retardant and the inorganic filler in the PVC substrate layer is 52-67wt%, and the content of the silicon nitrogen flame retardant is greater than or equal to the content of the inorganic filler;

[0007] The PVDF content in the PVDF substrate layer is greater than or equal to 80 wt %.

[0008] Furthermore, when the test method for determining the heat release rate of cabin materials under thermal radiation in the CCAR-25-R4 standard is used, the maximum heat release rate of the flame retardant decorative film for 5 minutes is ≤65kw / m 2 The total heat release of the flame retardant decorative film in 2 minutes is ≤65kw·min / m 2 ; When using the test method for determining the smoke characteristics of cabin materials in the CCAR-25-R4 standard, the 4-minute smoke density of the flame retardant decorative film is ≤200.

[0009] Furthermore, the inorganic filler is at least one of nano calcium carbonate, whisker reinforcement or titanium dioxide.

[0010] Furthermore, the light transmittance of the PVDF substrate layer is lower than the light transmittance of the PVDF mask layer.

[0011] Furthermore, the transmittance of the PVDF mask layer with respect to light with a wavelength of 380-1100 nm is greater than or equal to 85%, and the thickness of the PVDF mask layer is 3-50 microns.

[0012] Furthermore, the transmittance of the PVDF substrate layer is lower than that of the PVDF mask layer, the transmittance of the PVDF substrate layer relative to light of 380-1100nm is less than or equal to 30%, the thickness of the PVDF substrate layer is 20-75 microns, and the molecular weight of PVDF in the PVDF substrate layer is between 200,000 and 600,000.

[0013] Furthermore, the first adhesive layer is a PMMA adhesive layer, the first adhesive layer is co-extruded with the PVDF mask layer, and the thickness of the first adhesive layer is 2-15 microns.

[0014] Furthermore, the second adhesive layer is a PMMA adhesive layer, the second adhesive layer is co-extruded with the PVDF substrate layer, and the thickness of the second adhesive layer is 2-15 microns.

[0015] Furthermore, the flame-retardant decorative film further comprises a third adhesive layer and a release layer located outside the PVDF substrate layer, and the third adhesive layer is located between the PVDF substrate layer and the release layer to bond and fix the two.

[0016] Furthermore, the third adhesive layer is a pressure-sensitive adhesive or a heat-sensitive adhesive. Furthermore, the third adhesive layer is one or more of epoxy, acrylic, polyurethane, maleimide, chloroprene rubber, silicone and cyanate adhesives, and the thickness of the third adhesive layer is 5-50 microns; the release layer is a film made of one or more of PP, PE, and PET.

[0017] Furthermore, the flame retardant decorative film also includes an ink layer between the first adhesive layer and the PVC substrate layer, the ink layer is a water-based ink, and the thickness of the ink layer is 0.5-10 microns. The ink layer is printed on the PVC substrate layer, and in order to see the pattern of the ink layer, the transmittance of the PVDF mask layer and the first adhesive layer relative to 380-1100nm light is greater than or equal to 85%.

[0018] Furthermore, the flame-retardant decorative film also includes an antibacterial coating located on the outside of the PVDF surface layer, and the thickness of the antibacterial coating is 5-30 microns.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The present invention arranges a PVC substrate layer as a flame retardant layer in the decorative film, and limits the PVC substrate layer to use a silicon nitrogen flame retardant. Compared with traditional halogen-free flame retardants, the silicon nitrogen flame retardant reduces the emission of heavy metals such as aluminum, magnesium, zinc, and antimony, which is beneficial to environmental protection. At the same time, the use of the silicon nitrogen flame retardant reduces the wear of processing machinery, which is beneficial to the stability of processing machinery and product lines.

[0021] In the flame-retardant decorative film structure of the present invention, the PVDF mask layer has properties such as weather resistance and graffiti resistance, which can improve the flame retardant and scratch resistance of the flame-retardant decorative film; the PVC substrate layer provides hardness support for the flame-retardant decorative film, improves the flame retardant performance of the entire decorative film, and the PVDF substrate layer can improve the flame retardancy of the decorative film, and can cover the original color of the covered object, making the pattern of the flame-retardant decorative film itself clearer. When a fire occurs, PVDF film layers are arranged on both sides of the PVC substrate layer, which is beneficial to delaying the combustion of the decorative film, thereby reducing the toxicity of smoke generated by the fire and facilitating escape. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flame retardant decorative film of Example 1;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the flame retardant device membrane of Example 2;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flame retardant decorative film of Example 3.

[0025] Figure numerals: 1-PVDF mask layer, 2-first adhesive layer, 3-PVC substrate layer, 4-second adhesive layer, 5-PVDF substrate layer, 6-third adhesive layer, 7-release layer, 8-ink layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0027] The following is a detailed description of a flame retardant decorative film of the present invention in combination with its structure and principle. The English abbreviations in the specification are common abbreviations in the chemical industry, such as PVDF refers to polyvinylidene fluoride, PVC refers to polyvinyl chloride, PP refers to polypropylene, PE refers to polyethylene, and PET refers to polyethylene terephthalate.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] The structural schematic diagram of the flame retardant decorative film of this embodiment is as follows Figure 1It comprises a PVDF mask layer 1, a first adhesive layer 2, a PVC substrate layer 3, a second adhesive layer 4 and a PVDF substrate layer 5 which are arranged in sequence, wherein the first adhesive layer 2 is located between the PVDF mask layer 1 and the PVC substrate layer 3 to bond and fix the two, and the second adhesive layer 4 is located between the PVC substrate layer 3 and the PVDF substrate layer 5 to bond and fix the two.

[0030] In the flame-retardant decorative film of this embodiment, the PVDF mask layer 1 has properties such as weather resistance and graffiti resistance. Generally, the PVDF mask layer 1 is transparent, or the transmittance of the PVDF mask layer 1 to light with a wavelength of 380-1100nm is more than 85%. The PVDF mask layer 1 is transparent to avoid covering the color or pattern on the PVC substrate layer 3 or the second adhesive layer 4, which can play a good decorative role. Of course, the PVDF mask layer 1 can also be a color with its own pattern. Preferably, the thickness of the PVDF mask layer 1 is 3-50 microns, and more preferably 5-25 microns. The PVDF mask layer 1 is beneficial to improving the flame retardant properties and scratch resistance of the flame retardant decorative film.

[0031] In the flame-retardant decorative film of this embodiment, the first adhesive layer 2 can bond and fix the PVDF mask layer 1 and the PVC substrate layer 3 into one. Preferably, the first adhesive layer 2 is a PMMA adhesive layer, and the first adhesive layer 2 is co-extruded with the PVDF mask layer 1, or it can be said that the first adhesive layer 2 and the PVDF mask layer 1 are obtained by co-extrusion. Preferably, the thickness of the first adhesive layer 2 is 2-15 microns. If the thickness of the first adhesive layer 2 is too small, it cannot play a good bonding role. When the thickness is too large, it is not conducive to the flame retardant performance of the flame retardant decorative film, and is even more detrimental to the cost performance of the flame retardant decorative film. Preferably, the first adhesive layer 2 is transparent, or the transmittance of the first adhesive layer 2 relative to light of 380-1100nm is greater than or equal to 85%, and the pattern of the ink layer located on the inner side may not be covered.

[0032] In the flame-retardant decorative film of this embodiment, the PVC substrate layer 3 includes a silicon nitrogen flame retardant and an inorganic filler, wherein the content of the silicon nitrogen flame retardant and the inorganic filler in the PVC substrate layer 3 is 52-67wt%, and the content of the silicon nitrogen flame retardant is greater than or equal to the content of the inorganic filler. The silicon nitrogen flame retardant is at least one of silicon dioxide hetero-nitrogen compounds, silicon nitrogen polymer polyether polyols, or a composite flame retardant composed of a silicon-containing flame retardant and a nitrogen-based flame retardant, and the inorganic filler is at least one of nano calcium carbonate, a whisker reinforcing agent, and titanium dioxide. The PVC substrate layer 3 provides hardness support for the flame-retardant decorative film. If the PVC substrate layer 3 is too thin, the hardness of the flame-retardant decorative film is insufficient, and the flame-retardant decorative film will have problems such as uneven compounding during the compounding process. If the PVC substrate layer 3 is too thick, it is not conducive to the flame retardant performance of the flame-retardant decorative film. Preferably, the thickness of the PVC substrate layer 3 is 40-120 microns, and more preferably 80-100 microns. The PVC substrate layer 3 includes a silicon nitrogen flame retardant. On the one hand, compared with traditional halogen-free flame retardants, the silicon nitrogen flame retardant reduces the emission of heavy metals such as aluminum, magnesium, zinc, and antimony, which is beneficial to environmental protection. On the other hand, compared with traditional halogen-free flame retardants, the silicon nitrogen flame retardant can reduce the wear on processing machinery, which is beneficial to the service life of the processing machinery, the stability of the processing machinery and product lines, and the improvement of economic benefits.

[0033] In the flame-retardant decorative film of this embodiment, the second adhesive layer 4 can bond and fix the PVC substrate layer 3 and the PVDF substrate layer 5 into one. The second adhesive layer 4 is preferably a PMMA adhesive layer, and the second adhesive layer 4 and the PVDF substrate layer 5 are co-extruded, or the second adhesive layer 4 and the PVDF substrate layer 5 are obtained by co-extrusion. The thickness of the second adhesive layer 4 is preferably 2-15 microns. If the thickness of the second adhesive layer 4 is too small, it cannot play a good bonding role. If the thickness of the second adhesive layer is too large, it is not conducive to the flame retardant performance and cost performance of the flame-retardant decorative film.

[0034] In the flame-retardant decorative film of this embodiment, the PVDF substrate layer 5 has the following functions: first, the flame retardancy of the PVDF substrate layer 5 is better than that of the PVC substrate layer 3, and the provision of the PVDF substrate layer 5 can improve the flame retardancy of the decorative film; second, the PVDF substrate layer 5 can cover the original color of the covered object, making the pattern of the flame-retardant decorative film itself clearer; third, when a fire occurs, PVDF film layers are provided on both sides of the PVC substrate layer 3, which is beneficial to delaying the combustion of the decorative film, thereby reducing the toxicity of the smoke generated by the fire and facilitating escape; finally, the provision of the PVDF substrate layer 5 can also reduce the cost of the flame-retardant decorative film.

[0035] The PVDF content by weight in the PVDF substrate layer 5 is greater than or equal to 80%, and the molecular weight of PVDF is between 200,000 and 600,000. The thickness of the PVDF substrate layer 5 is preferably 20-75 microns. The transmittance of the PVDF substrate layer 5 relative to light of 380-1100nm is less than or equal to 30%, which can play a role in covering the original color of the covering. In this way, an ink layer can be set between the PVC substrate layer 3 and the second adhesive layer 4 to provide various patterns and colors. Generally speaking, the transmittance of the PVDF substrate layer 5 is less than the transmittance of the PVDF mask layer 1.

[0036] The specific properties of the flame retardant decorative film of the present invention are as follows:

[0037] When the test method for determining the heat release rate of cabin materials under thermal radiation in the CCAR-25-R4 standard is used, the maximum heat release rate of the flame retardant decorative film for 5 minutes is ≤65kw / m 2 The total heat release of the flame retardant decorative film in 2 minutes is ≤65kw·min / m 2 ; When using the test method for determining the smoke characteristics of cabin materials in the CCAR-25-R4 standard, the 4-minute smoke density of the flame retardant decorative film is ≤200.

[0038] Among them, CCAR-25-R4 is the transport classification test standard of Part 25 of the Civil Aviation Regulations of China. Furthermore, according to the method in this standard, the weather resistance of the flame retardant decorative film is: △E≤1.0; the flame retardant decorative film burns vertically for 60 seconds: extinguishing time≤15s, burning length≤152, and dripping extinguishing≤3s.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] The structural schematic diagram of the flame retardant decorative film of this embodiment is as follows Figure 2 As shown. The flame-retardant decorative film of this embodiment includes a PVDF mask layer 1, a first adhesive layer 2, a PVC substrate layer 3, a second adhesive layer 4, a PVDF substrate layer 5, a third adhesive layer 6 and a release layer 7 arranged in sequence. In this embodiment, based on Example 1, a third adhesive layer 6 and a release layer 7 are arranged on the outside of the PVDF substrate layer 5, and the third adhesive layer 6 is located between the PVDF substrate layer 5 and the release layer 7 to bond and fix the two. The PVDF mask layer 1, the first adhesive layer 2, the PVC substrate layer 3, the second adhesive layer 4 and the PVDF substrate layer 5 of this embodiment are the same as those of Example 1 and will not be described here.

[0041] The third adhesive layer 6 is a pressure-sensitive adhesive or a heat-sensitive adhesive, and is further preferably one or more of epoxy, acrylic, polyurethane, maleimide, chloroprene rubber, silicone and cyanate adhesives. The thickness of the third adhesive layer 6 is preferably 5-50 microns. The third adhesive layer 6 can bond and fix the flame-retardant decorative film and the inner cover as a whole. When the third adhesive layer 6 is too thin, the bonding effect is not good. When the third adhesive layer 6 is too thick, the cost performance is not high. The release layer 7 plays a protective role. Specifically, it protects the third adhesive layer 6 during the transportation of the flame-retardant decorative film. The release layer 7 is a film made of one or more of PP, PE, and PET.

[0042] Example 3

[0043] The structural schematic diagram of the flame retardant decorative film of this embodiment is as follows Figure 3 As shown. The flame retardant decorative film of this embodiment includes a PVDF mask layer 1, a first adhesive layer 2, an ink layer, a PVC substrate layer 3, a second adhesive layer 4, a PVDF substrate layer 5, a third adhesive layer 6 and a release layer 7 arranged in sequence. Based on Example 2, this embodiment is provided with an ink layer between the first adhesive layer 2 and the PVC substrate layer 3. The PVDF mask layer 1, the first adhesive layer 2, the PVC substrate layer 3, the second adhesive layer 4 and the PVDF substrate layer 5 of this embodiment are the same as those of Example 1 and are not described here; the third adhesive layer 6 and the release layer 7 are the same as those of Example 2 and are not described here.

[0044] The ink layer is located between the first adhesive layer 2 and the PVC substrate layer 3. The ink layer can be printed on the PVC substrate layer 3 or on the bottom of the first adhesive layer 2. The ink layer is a water-based ink layer, which is beneficial to environmental protection. The thickness of the ink layer is preferably 0.5-10 microns. The ink layer can provide various patterns and colors for the flame retardant decorative film, which is beneficial to its decorative effect.

[0045] Example 4

[0046] The flame retardant decorative films of the above embodiments 1 to 3 further include an antibacterial coating (not shown), which is located on the outside of the PVDF mask layer 1. The antibacterial coating is beneficial to reduce bacterial adhesion to the flame retardant decorative film. The thickness of the antibacterial coating is preferably 5-30 microns, and more preferably 5-10 microns.

[0047] The antibacterial coating can be realized in the following manner: fix metallic silver or its ions on the surface of a porous material (one or more of zeolite, silica gel, phosphate, and glass) to prepare an antibacterial agent, dissolve the antibacterial agent and PVDF powder in one or more solvents of water, ethanol, acetone, triethyl phosphate, and nitrogen methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) to prepare a coating liquid, and evenly apply the coating liquid to the outer surface of the first PVDF layer, and form a 5-30 μm thick antibacterial coating after drying at 60-120°C. The amount of each raw material and the coating process can be adjusted by those skilled in the art according to actual use.

[0048] Example 5

[0049] Table 1 below shows the heat release rate of flame retardant decorative films under different layer thicknesses. Among them, the thickness of the PVDF mask layer is 25 microns, the thickness of the first adhesive layer is 5 microns, and the thickness of the second adhesive layer is 5 microns. The content of silicon nitrogen flame retardant in the PVC substrate layer is 37%, and the content of titanium dioxide is 10%.

[0050] Table 1 Heat release rate of flame retardant decorative film of Example

[0051] Serial number Example <![CDATA[Heat release rate (kW / m 2 )]]> 1 PVC substrate layer thickness 110um, PVDF substrate layer thickness 40um 39.2 2 PVC substrate layer thickness 110um, PVDF substrate layer thickness 60um 29.1 3 PVC substrate layer thickness 110um, PVDF substrate layer thickness 40um, third adhesive layer thickness 60um 51.0 4 PVC substrate layer thickness 80um, PVDF substrate layer thickness 40um 32.9 5 PVC base layer thickness 80um, PVDF base layer thickness 40um, third adhesive layer thickness 60um 41.5 6 PVC substrate layer thickness 110um, PVDF substrate layer thickness 20um 61.7

[0052] It can be seen from Table 1 that the greater the thickness of the PVC substrate layer, the less favorable it is for the heat release rate of the flame retardant decorative film and the flame retardant properties of the flame retardant decorative film; the thickness of the PVDF substrate layer is favorable for the flame retardancy of the flame retardant decorative film, and the third adhesive layer is unfavorable for the flame retardancy of the flame retardant decorative film.

[0053] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flame retardant decorative film, characterized in that: It comprises a PVDF mask layer, a first adhesive layer, a PVC substrate layer, a second adhesive layer and a PVDF substrate layer which are arranged in sequence, wherein the first adhesive layer is located between the PVDF mask layer and the PVC substrate layer to bond and fix the two together, and the second adhesive layer is located between the PVC substrate layer and the PVDF substrate layer to bond and fix the two together; The PVC substrate layer includes a silicon nitrogen flame retardant and an inorganic filler, wherein the content of the silicon nitrogen flame retardant and the inorganic filler in the PVC substrate layer is 52-67wt%, and the content of the silicon nitrogen flame retardant is greater than or equal to the content of the inorganic filler; The PVDF content in the PVDF substrate layer is greater than or equal to 80 wt %; The transmittance of the PVDF mask layer relative to light with a wavelength of 380-1100 nm is greater than or equal to 85%, and the thickness of the PVDF mask layer is 3-50 microns; The light transmittance of the PVDF substrate layer is less than that of the PVDF mask layer, the light transmittance of the PVDF substrate layer relative to 380-1100 nm light is less than or equal to 30%, the thickness of the PVDF substrate layer is 20-75 microns, and the molecular weight of PVDF in the PVDF substrate layer is between 200,000 and 600,000; When the test method for determining the heat release rate of cabin materials under thermal radiation in the CCAR-25-R4 standard is used, the maximum heat release rate of the flame retardant decorative film in 5 minutes is ≤65kw / m2, and the total heat release of the flame retardant decorative film in 2 minutes is ≤65kw·min / m2; when the test method for determining the smoke characteristics of cabin materials in the CCAR-25-R4 standard is used, the 4-minute smoke density of the flame retardant decorative film is ≤200.

2. A flame retardant decorative film as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The first adhesive layer is a PMMA adhesive layer, the first adhesive layer is co-extruded with the PVDF mask layer, and the thickness of the first adhesive layer is 2-15 microns.

3. A flame retardant decorative film as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The second adhesive layer is a PMMA adhesive layer, the second adhesive layer is co-extruded with the PVDF substrate layer, and the thickness of the second adhesive layer is 2-15 microns.

4. A flame retardant decorative film as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The flame-retardant decorative film further comprises a third adhesive layer and a release layer located outside the PVDF substrate layer, and the third adhesive layer is located between the PVDF substrate layer and the release layer to bond and fix the two.

5. A flame retardant decorative film as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The third adhesive layer is one or more of epoxy, acrylic, polyurethane, maleimide, chloroprene rubber, silicone and cyanate adhesives; the thickness of the third adhesive layer is 5-50 microns; the release layer is a film made of one or more of PP, PE and PET.

6. A flame retardant decorative film as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The flame retardant decorative film further includes an ink layer located between the first adhesive layer and the PVC substrate layer. The ink layer is water-based ink and has a thickness of 0.5-10 microns.

7. The flame retardant decorative film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flame retardant decorative film further comprises an antibacterial coating located on the outside of the PVDF mask layer, and the thickness of the antibacterial coating is 5-30 microns.

Images