Electricity trading method, device, equipment and medium based on blockchain

Abstract

One or more embodiments of this specification provide a blockchain-based electricity trading method, device, equipment and medium, wherein the method includes: obtaining the production information of each production end and the consumption information of each consumer end, and uploading the production information and consumption information to the blockchain respectively; through the smart contract running on the blockchain, combining the production information and the consumption information, respectively calculating the first queue formed by the first transaction priority value of the production end and the second queue formed by the second transaction priority value of the consumer end; performing transaction matching and electricity transaction settlement. The present invention improves the transaction priority of the consumer end with high electricity efficiency, the new energy production end and the production end with high power generation efficiency, so that these production ends and consumer ends can obtain more benefits in the transaction, realize the incentive for consumers to improve electricity efficiency, promote the consumption of new energy and improve the efficiency of electricity production, and form a benign and healthy incentive mechanism in the electricity trading market.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] One or more embodiments of this specification relate to the field of electric energy trading technology, and in particular, to a blockchain-based electric energy trading method, device, equipment and medium. Background Art

[0002] Since the late 1980s, many countries in the world have begun to carry out electricity market reforms, breaking monopolies, improving efficiency, and achieving optimal resource allocation by introducing fair market competition mechanisms. However, in the traditional electricity market, electricity producers and consumers need to conduct electricity transactions based on third-party platforms, which has problems such as opaque transactions, transaction data leakage, and increased transaction costs. Blockchain technology can effectively solve these problems.

[0003] Blockchain is a distributed data storage structure with the characteristics of decentralization, immutability, and traceability. Based on blockchain, a fair, transparent, and third-party supervised trading market can be built. In recent years, blockchain has received widespread attention in the power market. Blockchain-based power trading has been piloted, among which the more representative applications are Brooklyn Microgrid in the United States and Quartierstrom in Switzerland.

[0004] Brooklyn Microgrid was established in April 2016 by US energy company LO3, Siemens Digital Grid and Bitcoin development company Consensus Systems. It is the world's first energy project based on blockchain technology. Based on blockchain, the project established a distributed photovoltaic power trading platform TransActiveGrid, where photovoltaic power generators and power consumers on the platform can achieve peer-to-peer photovoltaic power trading without relying on any power company or power sales company.

[0005] The Quartierstrom project completed a year of testing in January 2020. The project built the first local electricity market for Switzerland. 37 households traded locally produced solar energy within the community through a blockchain platform. Generators and consumers set minimum and maximum prices, and the transaction price was determined through an auction mechanism. All transactions were automatically processed through the blockchain.

[0006] However, the above applications are all based on a two-way auction mechanism for a single type of electricity and are not applicable to my country's complex electricity trading market. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of this, the purpose of one or more embodiments of this specification is to propose a blockchain-based electricity trading method, device, equipment and medium, so as to realize a benign incentive mechanism for the electricity trading market in accordance with the consumer's usage efficiency, the producer's external cost of power generation and production efficiency in combination with blockchain transactions.

[0008] Based on the above purpose, one or more embodiments of this specification provide a blockchain-based electricity trading method, the method comprising:

[0009] Obtaining production information of each production end and consumption information of each consumption end, and uploading the production information and consumption information to the blockchain respectively, wherein the production end and the consumption end are both blockchain nodes verified by the consensus mechanism;

[0010] The smart contract running on the blockchain combines the production information and the consumption information to calculate a first queue formed by the first transaction priority value of the production end and a second queue formed by the second transaction priority value of the consumption end;

[0011] The first queue and the second queue are broadcast to all nodes of the blockchain, transactions between the production end and the consumption end are matched through the smart contract, the first queue and the second queue, and electricity transaction settlement between the two matching parties is performed according to the result of the transaction matching.

[0012] In combination with the above description, in another possible implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes:

[0013] After the electricity transaction is settled, the first queue and the second queue are updated through the smart contract, and transaction matching is continued for the nodes of the first queue and the nodes of the second queue until all nodes of the first queue and / or the second queue complete the electricity transaction settlement.

[0014] In combination with the above description, in another possible implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, before obtaining the production information of each production end and the consumption information of each consumption end, the method further includes:

[0015] At least a blockchain virtual machine, a smart meter and an information collection terminal running a smart contract are pre-deployed on the production side, wherein the smart meter is at least used to obtain the electricity sales amount on the production side, and the information collection terminal is used to obtain production information. The electricity sales amount and the production information are reported to the blockchain through a program interface;

[0016] At least a blockchain virtual machine, a smart meter and an information collection terminal running a smart contract are pre-deployed on the consumer side. The smart meter is at least used to obtain the amount of electricity purchased by the consumer side, and the information collection terminal is used to obtain consumption information. The amount of electricity purchased and the consumption information are reported to the blockchain through a program interface.

[0017] In combination with the above description, in another possible implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, the first queue formed by respectively calculating the first transaction priority value of the production end and the second queue formed by the second transaction priority value of the consumption end include:

[0018] The first transaction priority value is calculated by using the producer quotation information, external cost and production efficiency in the production information, and the first transaction priority value of each production end is arranged from small to large to obtain a first sorting queue; and

[0019] The second priority value is calculated by using the consumer quotation information and the average electricity consumption efficiency in the consumption information, and the second transaction priority values ​​are arranged from large to small to obtain a second sorting queue.

[0020] In combination with the above description, in another possible implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, the matching of transactions between the production end and the consumption end through the smart contract, the first queue, and the second queue includes:

[0021] Transaction matching is performed on the consumer and producer ends one by one based on queue priority, including:

[0022] When they are in the same queue number, the production end with the same queue number in the first queue is matched first. When the power sales in the production information of the production end is insufficient, the production end with the next number in the first queue is matched until the power purchase transaction of the consumer end is completed in full.

[0023] When in different queue numbers, the current queue number of the consumer end is used to match the highest priority producer end in the first queue whose remaining power sales are not 0; when the power sales in the production information of the highest priority producer end is insufficient, the next numbered producer end in the first queue is matched until the power purchase transaction of the consumer end is completed in full;

[0024] The transaction price of the transaction matching is the average of the production quotation of the production end and the consumption quotation of the consumption end that completes the matching. When the transaction is successfully matched, the transaction result is saved in the blockchain through the consensus mechanism.

[0025] In combination with the above description, in another possible implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, the smart contract running through the blockchain, combined with each of the production information and each of the consumption information, respectively calculates a first queue formed by the first transaction priority value of the production end and a second queue formed by the second transaction priority value of the consumer end, including:

[0026] The first transaction priority value of each production end is calculated by the following formula:

[0027] PV g =p g +C e ×η g (1)

[0028]

[0029] Each parameter in the formula is included in the production information, among which, p g is the production quotation at the production end, C e The external costs of polluting the environment, when clean energy is used at the production end, e is 0, when fossil energy is used in production e is a fixed value, η g is the production efficiency of the production end, W i is the power generation of the ith power generation equipment per unit time, C i W i The corresponding fuel consumed, η s The standard fuel consumption per unit of electricity for this type of production end;

[0030] The calculated first transaction priority values ​​are arranged in ascending order to form a first queue;

[0031]

[0032] Each parameter in the formula is included in the consumption information, among which, p c is the consumption quotation at the consumer end, η c is the average efficiency of electricity consumption at the consumer end, η c max is the highest efficiency value of m consumer ends, η i , P i ,t i are the power efficiency, power, and operating time of the i-th power-consuming device at the consumer end;

[0033] A second queue is formed from the largest to the smallest for each calculated second transaction priority value.

[0034] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a blockchain-based power trading device, the device comprising:

[0035] A node setting module, used to obtain the production information of each production end and the consumption information of each consumption end, and upload the production information and consumption information to the blockchain respectively, wherein the production end and the consumption end are both blockchain nodes verified by the consensus mechanism;

[0036] A priority value determination module, for calculating, through a smart contract running on a blockchain, a first queue formed by a first transaction priority value of the production end and a second queue formed by a second transaction priority value of the consumption end, respectively, in combination with each of the production information and each of the consumption information;

[0037] A transaction matching module is used to broadcast the first queue and the second queue to all nodes of the blockchain, match transactions between the production end and the consumption end through the smart contract, the first queue and the second queue, and settle the electricity transaction between the two matching parties according to the results of the transaction matching.

[0038] The above device further comprises:

[0039] After the electricity transaction is settled, the first queue and the second queue are updated through the smart contract, and transaction matching is continued for the nodes of the first queue and the nodes of the second queue until all nodes of the first queue and / or the second queue complete the electricity transaction settlement.

[0040] In a third aspect, the present invention also provides an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the above-mentioned blockchain-based electricity trading method when executing the program.

[0041] In a fourth aspect, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to enable the computer to execute the above-mentioned blockchain-based electricity trading method.

[0042] From the above, it can be seen that the blockchain-based electricity trading method provided by one or more embodiments of this specification takes into account the three factors of electricity efficiency at the consumer end and external costs and production efficiency at the production end during blockchain electricity trading, and combines them with the quotations of consumers and producers respectively to calculate the priority value of transaction sorting, and performs transaction matching and transaction settlement according to the priority value according to a preset algorithm. Compared with the existing methods, the present invention improves the transaction priority of consumers with high electricity efficiency, new energy production ends and production ends with high power generation efficiency, so that these production ends and consumers can obtain more benefits in transactions. The present invention can encourage consumers to improve electricity efficiency, promote the consumption of new energy and improve electricity production efficiency, and form a benign and healthy incentive mechanism in the electricity trading market. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] In order to more clearly illustrate one or more embodiments of the present specification or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only one or more embodiments of the present specification. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of blocks in the current blockchain;

[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of information flow during electricity trading;

[0046] Figure 3 A basic flow chart of a blockchain-based power trading method according to one or more embodiments of this specification;

[0047] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the production end structure of one or more embodiments of this specification;

[0048] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the consumer end of one or more embodiments of this specification;

[0049] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a P2P network structure of one or more embodiments of this specification;

[0050] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a transaction process of one or more embodiments of this specification;

[0051] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the contract algorithm flow of one or more embodiments of this specification;

[0052] Figures 9(a) and 9(b) are comparative documents of income and expenditure after one or more embodiments of the present specification are implemented;

[0053] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the basic structure of a power trading device based on blockchain in one or more embodiments of this specification;

[0054] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device according to one or more embodiments of the present specification. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure more clearly understood, the present disclosure is further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0056] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in one or more embodiments of this specification should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which this disclosure belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in one or more embodiments of this specification do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word cover the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0057] In the embodiment of the present invention:

[0058] Blockchain is a data structure formed by orderly linking of blocks, where blocks refer to a collection of data, record transaction information, and are the basic units that constitute blockchain. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, a block consists of two parts: a block header and a block body. The block header contains the hash value and Merkle root of the previous block, and the block body records the transaction information.

[0059] The hash value of the previous block in the block header is calculated by the hash function of the previous block header data. Any change in the information in the previous block will change the hash value. Therefore, each block is connected in series through the hash value of the block header to form a blockchain. The Merkle root is the root node of the Merkle tree, and the leaf nodes of the Merkle tree are the hash values ​​of the block body transaction data. The leaf nodes are combined in pairs to perform hash operations to form a binary tree, which is the Merkle tree. The block header and the block body are linked together through the Merkle root. Once the transaction data in the block body changes, the block header data will change accordingly. Based on the special data structure of the blockchain, the blockchain has four major advantages, namely decentralization, traceability, non-tamperability, and transparency.

[0060] Decentralization: Blockchain data is recorded by the nodes in the blockchain rather than relying on a third party. The nodes decide the encapsulation of new blocks based on a consensus mechanism to maintain a unified block order across the entire network. Each node participates in the block verification process and has a blockchain backup, so the blockchain is a decentralized network.

[0061] Traceability: Blocks are connected by hash values, and the block header and block body are connected by the Merkle root, so each transaction record can be traced back based on the hash value.

[0062] Unalterable: Any change in the data of any block will cause changes in the subsequent blocks. Therefore, in the blockchain where all nodes in the network participate in recording, the data that has been recorded cannot be changed.

[0063] Transparency: The blockchain operation rules and data records are open to the blockchain network nodes. All nodes in the network jointly participate in the verification and recording of data. There are a large number of redundant backups, so a single node cannot commit fraud.

[0064] Consensus mechanism: For a transaction, if several nodes with irrelevant interests can reach a consensus, it can be considered that all nodes in the entire network can also reach a consensus on this. The consensus mechanism in the blockchain network is to complete the verification and confirmation of the transaction in a very short time through node voting. All nodes in the blockchain save a complete backup of the blockchain. Relying on the consensus mechanism, it can ensure the uniqueness and unity of the storage of all nodes in the blockchain network. The node that encapsulates the new block is selected through the consensus mechanism. The node encapsulates the transaction into a new block and broadcasts it to the entire network. After other nodes pass the authentication, the block is stored in the blockchain.

[0065] Smart contract: It is a program code that is pre-set and automatically runs on the blockchain. Each node runs the program separately. The result of the program execution needs to be written into the blockchain after all nodes in the network reach a consensus. It is an upper-layer application of the blockchain. Based on the trust foundation of the blockchain, it does not need to rely on a third-party trust platform. Transactions can be reached between nodes that originally did not trust each other, which reduces the transaction costs based on third parties and speeds up the transaction. Electricity market based on blockchain:

[0066] The overall architecture is as follows Figure 2 shown.

[0067] The electricity market consists of electricity production and consumption. The production side uses various forms of energy to generate electricity and sells electricity, such as thermal power plants, hydropower plants, photovoltaic power plants, and residents who use photovoltaic / wind turbines to generate electricity. The consumer side purchases electricity and consumes it for production and life, such as residential users, factories, shopping malls, etc. The production side and the consumer side trade electricity in the electricity market.

[0068] In the blockchain-based electricity market, all participating producers / consumers deploy a computing device running a blockchain virtual environment as a blockchain node. Each node has a complete backup of the blockchain. They have equal status in the network, forming a P2P (Peer to Peer) network. Transactions are automatically carried out through smart contracts running on the blockchain. All nodes send the data obtained by executing smart contracts to other nodes through broadcasting. The nodes verify and agree on the data through a consensus mechanism, and finally encapsulate the transaction information into blocks and store them in the blockchain. The decentralized, tamper-proof and traceable characteristics of the blockchain ensure the security and transparency of transactions.

[0069] The transaction process includes:

[0070] Transactions are started regularly according to time periods, for example, in the Quartierstrom project, transactions are conducted every 15 minutes. The production and consumption sides participating in the transaction use smart meters to predict the energy consumption in the next time period.

[0071] Production and consumption information are reported to the blockchain. The production and consumption ends also need to report prices to the blockchain, and the smart contract automatically matches information to execute transactions. The transaction process includes three stages: quotation stage, auction stage, and settlement stage.

[0072] (1) Quotation stage

[0073] The broadcast transaction starts, and after a period of waiting, the blockchain receives the electricity consumption and quotation from the production side, and the electricity demand and quotation from the consumption side.

[0074] (2) Auction stage

[0075] The smart contract uses a two-way auction method to sort the production-side prices from low to high and the consumer-side prices from high to low, and match them in pairs, taking the average as the transaction price.

[0076] (3) Settlement stage

[0077] Transaction settlement: the consumer transfers the money to the producer. The smart meter on the consumer writes the transaction amount, and the producer generates electricity according to the transaction amount. All nodes record the transaction results in the blockchain through a consensus mechanism. Finally, the transaction in this time period ends and the transaction in the next time period begins.

[0078] Existing blockchain-based electricity transactions mainly use the two-way auction method, which simply relies on the price ranking of both the production and consumption sides to match transactions, without taking into account the usage efficiency of the consumer side, the external costs of power generation on the production side, and the production efficiency.

[0079] In fact, different consumers have different electricity usage efficiency. Some consumers have the habit of saving electricity and have high electricity usage efficiency. Such consumers should be incentivized during the transaction process.

[0080] In addition, there are many forms of production in the electricity market, such as thermal power generation, photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation, etc. Their power generation efficiency is different, and the external costs they generate are also different. For example, when thermal power plants burn coal to generate electricity, they will emit greenhouse gases, harmful gases, dust and other pollutants, which will harm the environment and people's health. However, external costs such as environmental pollution and diseases are not included in the cost of electricity production, but are borne by the whole society.

[0081] There is no such problem for new energy sources such as photovoltaics and wind power. New energy has many advantages of being clean and low-carbon and should be widely used. However, in China, due to the high cost of new energy construction, the price is not competitive compared with thermal power. Therefore, relying solely on price sorting and matching transactions is not conducive to promoting the use of clean energy.

[0082] At the same time, there is the problem of different electricity production efficiency for fossil energy power plants. For example, some thermal power plants consume a lot of coal, while others consume less. When the power generation is the same, thermal power plants with less coal consumption consume less resources, and the resulting external costs are smaller.

[0083] All of the above factors are not taken into account in existing trading methods, and existing trading methods lack corresponding incentive mechanisms.

[0084] The present invention relates to a blockchain-based electricity trading method, device, equipment and medium, which are mainly used in the blockchain-based electricity trading market scenario. The basic idea is: in the blockchain-based electricity trading, the three factors of electricity efficiency at the consumer end and external cost and production efficiency at the production end are taken into account, and are respectively combined with the quotations of consumers and producers to calculate the priority value of transaction sorting, and according to the priority value, transaction matching and transaction settlement are performed according to a preset algorithm. Compared with the existing method, the present invention improves the transaction priority of the consumer end with high electricity efficiency, the new energy production end and the production end with high power generation efficiency, so that these production ends and consumer ends can obtain more benefits in the transaction. The present invention can motivate consumers to improve electricity efficiency, promote the consumption of new energy and improve the efficiency of electricity production, and form an electricity exchange.

[0085] A benign and healthy incentive mechanism for the market.

[0086] This embodiment can be applied to a smart terminal with a blockchain virtual machine to conduct blockchain-based power transactions. The method can be executed by a blockchain virtual machine, wherein the device can be implemented by software and / or hardware, and can generally be integrated into a mobile terminal, or controlled by a central control module in the terminal, such as Figure 3As shown, the method specifically comprises the following steps:

[0087] In step 310, the production information of each production end and the consumption information of each consumption end are obtained, and the production information and the consumption information are uploaded to the blockchain respectively, wherein the production end and the consumption end are both blockchain nodes verified by the consensus mechanism;

[0088] The production end is the electricity sales end of electricity production, including various forms of fossil fuel power plants, clean energy power plants, personal solar photovoltaic production terminals, etc. Its production information includes production quotations (electricity sales quotations), external costs, production efficiency, power generation per unit time of power generation equipment, fuel consumed by power generation equipment per unit time, and standard fuel consumption per unit electricity produced by this type of power plant.

[0089] The consumer end is the electricity purchasing end that consumes electricity, including factories, households, group companies, etc. Its consumption information includes consumption quotations (electricity purchasing quotations), average electricity consumption efficiency at the consumer end, the highest efficiency value among the consumer ends, electricity consumption efficiency of electrical equipment, power, operating time, etc.

[0090] Combination Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, they are schematic diagrams of the structure of the production end and the structure of the consumption end, respectively. In the implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, the production information and the consumption information can be objectively collected and generated by information collection devices pre-set at the production end and the consumption end, such as smart meters, computing devices, and information collection devices (corresponding to the collection of fuel consumption, power generation, etc.) connected by the Internet of Things, or can be input through long-term manual data accumulation.

[0091] The information collection device is communicatively connected to the computing device, and various types of collected information are uploaded to the computing device through the interface program. The blockchain virtual machine runs on the computing device as a blockchain node, and the smart contract runs in the blockchain virtual machine. The smart contract can also obtain various parameters required to calculate the transaction priority value through the interface program, and send the transaction results to the corresponding smart meter.

[0092] The production quotation and consumption quotation are provided by the production side and the consumption side respectively. Based on the historical electricity production / consumption information, the smart meter can predict the power generation (i.e., electricity sales) of the production side / electricity consumption (i.e., electricity purchase) of the consumption side in the next trading period. The electricity sales and purchase are reported to the blockchain through the interface program. After the transaction is successful, the smart contract writes the purchase amount into the smart meter at the consumption side through the interface program, and the remaining power of the smart meter is added to the purchase amount. For every kilowatt-hour of electricity consumed by the consumption side, the remaining power of the smart meter is reduced by one.

[0093] Several production ends and several consumer ends form a P2P network based on blockchain. During a trading period of electricity trading, Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the electricity market can be composed of n production ends and m consumer ends to form a P2P network based on blockchain technology. Transactions are automatically executed by smart contracts running on the blockchain. The computing devices at each production end and each consumer end serve as nodes of the blockchain. Each node jointly verifies and automatically executes the smart contract through a consensus mechanism.

[0094] In step 320, the smart contract running on the blockchain combines the production information and the consumption information to calculate a first queue formed by the first transaction priority value of the production end and a second queue formed by the second transaction priority value of the consumption end;

[0095] After obtaining various types of production and consumption information, the smart contract running on the blockchain calculates the transaction priority value (PV value) of the production and consumption ends respectively.

[0096] Specifically, the smart contract of each node calculates the PV value of the corresponding production or consumption end through the following formula:

[0097] The first transaction priority value of each production end is calculated by the following formula:

[0098] PV g =p g +C e ×η g (1)

[0099]

[0100] Each parameter in the formula is included in the production information, among which, p g is the production quotation at the production end, C e The external costs of polluting the environment, when clean energy is used at the production end, e is 0, when fossil energy is used in production e is a fixed value, η g is the production efficiency of the production end, W i is the power generation of the ith power generation equipment per unit time, C i W i The corresponding fuel consumed, η s The standard fuel consumption per unit of electricity for this type of production end;

[0101] The calculated first transaction priority values ​​are used to form a first queue from small to large; the second transaction priority values ​​of each consumer end are calculated using the following formula:

[0102]

[0103] Each parameter in the formula is included in the consumption information, among which, p c is the consumption quotation at the consumer end, η c is the average efficiency of electricity consumption at the consumer end, η c max is the highest efficiency value of m consumer ends, η i , P i ,t i are the power efficiency, power, and operating time of the i-th power-consuming device at the consumer end;

[0104] A second queue is formed from the largest to the smallest for each calculated second transaction priority value.

[0105] In step 330, the first queue and the second queue are broadcast to all nodes of the blockchain, and the production end and the consumption end are matched by the smart contract, the first queue and the second queue, and the electricity transaction settlement between the two matching parties is performed according to the result of the transaction matching.

[0106] Combination Figure 7 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the transaction process of an embodiment of the present invention. When the transaction starts, in the information collection stage, the production end or the consumer end can report the amount of electricity sold or purchased, the price including the production quotation and the consumption quotation, the power generation of the production end, the consumption cost, the efficiency of the power equipment on the consumer end, the power, the operating time and other information. In the transaction priority value calculation stage, the above-mentioned production information and consumption information are stored and then calculated to obtain the PV value queue within the transaction time period. The blockchain node executes the transaction algorithm and matches the transaction in sequence. The node encapsulates the transaction result into a block through the consensus mechanism and records it in the blockchain to end the transaction.

[0107] During a trading period, some time after the blockchain broadcast transaction begins, the blockchain receives the production information and consumption information reported by each node, calculates the corresponding first queue and second queue, and then broadcasts the first queue and the second queue to all nodes of the blockchain in the blockchain. After receiving the above queues, each node matches the production end and the consumer end in pairs according to the queue order in combination with the preset algorithm of the smart contract. The transaction price is the average of the quotations of both parties, and the transaction electricity is the smaller value of the matched production end electricity sales and consumer end electricity purchases. When the electricity sales of the same sequence are insufficient, the production end of the next sequence will supplement it until the purchase of electricity by the consumer end is completed.

[0108] During the transaction, the first queue and the second queue are updated in time through the smart contract and all nodes are verified in time through the consensus mechanism. After the transaction is completed, the power transaction settlement is carried out according to the transaction matching results. The consumer end automatically transfers the money to the producer end, and the smart meter at the consumer end writes the transaction power. The producer end generates electricity according to the transaction power. All nodes of the blockchain record the transaction results in the blockchain through the consensus mechanism. Finally, the transaction of this time period ends and the transaction of the next time period begins. The consumer end that failed to participate in the transaction in the previous time period can carry out the next round of transactions.

[0109] Specifically, when the total electricity sales of the production end of the first queue is greater than the total electricity purchases of the consumer end of the second queue, there may be a situation where the production end has surplus electricity sales. At this time, the production end conducts the next round of transactions and re-sorts the PV according to the above process in the next round of transactions; when the total electricity sales of the production end of the first queue is less than the total electricity purchases of the consumer end of the second queue, there may be a situation where the consumer end fails to purchase sufficient electricity. At this time, the corresponding consumer end enters the next round of electricity transactions, and recalculates the PV value in the next round of electricity transactions to sort the PV values, and matches transactions according to the above process until the transaction is completed.

[0110] Combination Figure 8 As shown in FIG. 1 , a specific flow chart of the smart contract in executing a preset algorithm according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Combined with the diagram, this process may include:

[0111] (1) Arrange the production ends into the first queue according to the PV value from small to large, and arrange the consumption ends into the second queue according to the PV value from large to small.

[0112] (2) Initialize the index variable, setting i=1, j=1.

[0113] (3) Determine whether the price quoted by the i-th consumer is greater than or equal to the price quoted by the j-th producer. If yes, execute (4); if not, i+1, execute (7).

[0114] (4) Is the electricity purchase amount of the i-th consumer end less than or equal to the electricity sales amount of the j-th producer end? If yes, execute (5); if no, execute (6).

[0115] (5) The i-th consumer conducts a transaction with the j-th producer. The i-th consumer completes the purchase and the remaining purchased electricity is 0. The remaining sales electricity of the j-th producer is its sales electricity minus the purchase electricity of the i-th consumer.

[0116] The transaction price is the average of the quotations of the i-th consumer and the j-th producer;

[0117] The transaction amount is the amount of electricity purchased*transaction price;

[0118] i+1.

[0119] (6) The i-th consumer conducts a transaction with the j-th producer. The j-th producer completes the sale and the remaining electricity sold is 0. The remaining electricity purchased by the i-th producer is the electricity purchased minus the electricity sold by the j-th producer.

[0120] The transaction price is the average of the quotations of the i-th consumer and the j-th producer;

[0121] The transaction amount is the electricity purchased amount * transaction price.

[0122] j+1.

[0123] (7) Determine whether the production side has completed sales or the consumer side has completed purchases. If yes, end; if no, execute (3).

[0124] In one implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, the original transaction method is compared from the perspective of the production end and the consumption end, for example, there are 6 production ends and 8 consumption ends. The values ​​of the production information and consumption information are shown in Table 2-1 and Table 2-2, where the production ends G1-G3 are thermal power plants, and the external cost is 0.15 yuan (a fixed value is taken from the value range). The production ends G4-G6 are photovoltaic power plants, and the external cost is 0.

[0125] Table 2-1 Production end parameters

[0126]

[0127] Table 2-2 Consumer-side parameters

[0128]

[0129] According to formulas (1) and (2), PV1 = 0.43 + 0.15 × 1.03 = 0.5845 ≈ 0.59. Other PV values ​​can be calculated using the formulas.

[0130] According to the traditional power trading method, since G5 and G6 have high quotations and low production, they are generally unable to sell electricity in the transaction. However, through the method of the present invention, after considering external cost factors, G5 and G6 can be traded first because of their low PV values, while thermal power plants G1, G2, and G3 have high PV values, and not only are they ranked later in the transaction order, but their transaction amounts are also reduced accordingly due to the priority sale of G5 and G6. For the consumer side, those with high power efficiency have obtained lower transaction prices than the original method, while those with low power efficiency have the opposite. Since power efficiency is determined by the efficiency, power, and operating time of power-consuming equipment, consumers can choose high-efficiency, low-power equipment, or shorten the power-using time, and improve power efficiency and save energy by improving power-using behavior.

[0131] On the one hand, the method of the present invention can promote the consumption of new energy, promote the fossil energy power production end to improve fuel utilization, reduce carbon emissions, save fossil energy consumption, and reduce its PV value to improve the queue ranking in the power trading market, so as to achieve market profit by selling electricity at a more reasonable price;

[0132] On the other hand, it can motivate users to optimize their electricity usage behavior and save electricity to increase their PV value and improve their queue ranking in the electricity trading market to purchase better quality electricity at a lower price.

[0133] In one implementation of an embodiment of the present invention, the computing device with an interface program and a blockchain virtual machine, the smart meter and the corresponding information collection terminal can be pre-deployed at the production and consumption ends participating in the power transaction to achieve the pre-deployment of the power market, thereby achieving the continuous improvement of the power trading market and a healthy virtuous cycle.

[0134] The smart meter is one of the basic devices for data collection in the smart grid. It has multiple functions such as original electricity collection, rate measurement, user-side control and two-way data communication. The computing device is an intelligent terminal, such as a computer, tablet computer, PDA and smart mobile terminal, etc. The information collection device is in the form of being able to obtain various production information and consumption information.

[0135] In the implementation scenario of the embodiment of the present invention, the smart contract implements transaction matching according to the preset algorithm. Within a period of time after the broadcast transaction starts, after the first queue and the second queue are generated according to each production information and each consumption information, the process includes:

[0136] When they are in the same queue number, the production end with the same queue number in the first queue is matched first. When the power sales in the production information of the production end is insufficient, the production end with the next number in the first queue is matched until the power purchase transaction of the consumer end is completed in full.

[0137] When in different queue numbers, the current queue number of the consumer end is matched with the highest priority production end in the first queue whose remaining power sales volume is not 0; when the power sales volume in the production information of the highest priority production end is insufficient, the production end with the next number in the first queue is matched until the power purchase volume of the consumer end is fully traded; the transaction price of the transaction matching is the average of the production quotation of the matching production end and the consumption quotation of the consumer end; when the transaction is successfully matched, the transaction result is saved in the blockchain through the consensus mechanism.

[0138] Specifically, when the purchased electricity amount in the current consumption information is less than the produced electricity amount corresponding to the current priority of the first queue, and the consumption quotation in the current consumption information is greater than the production quotation corresponding to the current priority of the first queue, the transaction matching between the consumer end corresponding to the current priority of the second queue and the producer end corresponding to the current priority of the first queue is completed;

[0139] When the purchased electricity amount in the current consumption information is greater than the produced electricity amount corresponding to the current priority of the first queue, and the consumption quotation in the current consumption information is greater than the production quotation corresponding to the current priority of the first queue, after completing the transaction matching between the consumption end corresponding to the current priority of the second queue and the production end corresponding to the current priority of the first queue, the transaction matching is performed in sequence with the next priority of the first queue.

[0140] In the implementation scenario of the embodiment of the present invention, combined with Table 2-1 and Table 2-2, the first queue at the production end can be simplified to G4, G5, G6, G3, G2, G1, and the second queue at the consumer end can be simplified to C3, C8, C4, C1, C5, C6, C7, C2, among which the order of C5, C6, C7 can be rearranged according to the purchased electricity volume or quotation or its total purchased electricity price.

[0141] G4 and C3 are the first priority of the two queues, that is, they have the same queue number. The power purchase of C3 is 10kWh, and the power sales of G4 is 35kWh. At this time, G4 is sold first, that is, C3 and G4 are matched for transaction. The transaction amount is 10kWh, and the transaction price is the average of the quotations of both parties, that is, (0.61+0.33) / 2=0.47.

[0142] When C3 completes the transaction, C8 should be the next to trade. At this time, the remaining power in G4 is 25kWh, and C8's purchase power is 19kWh. C8 and G4 are matched to trade at this time. The transaction power is 19kWh, and the transaction price is the average of the quotations of both parties.

[0143] At this time, G4 still has 6kWh of remaining power. C4 and G4 should be matched for transaction in the first queue. C4's power purchase amount is 15kWh. At this time, G4's current remaining power sales amount is insufficient. After G4 completes the transaction matching with C4 with the remaining power, C4 continues to match with G5 in the first queue.

[0144] The above process is repeated until the sale of the first queue is completed or the purchase of the second queue is completed, and the unfinished party participates in the next round of transactions and repeats the above process.

[0145] As shown in Figure 9(a) and Figure 9(b), the first column of each group of bar charts is the income or expenditure through traditional methods, and the second column is the income or expenditure using the method of the embodiment of the present invention. Through intuitive comparison of income or expenditure, it can be seen from the figure that the income of the new energy production end G4 / G5 / G6 has increased significantly (from nothing to something), which indirectly promotes the fossil energy power production end to improve fuel utilization, reduce carbon emissions, and save fossil energy consumption, and can also directly promote the development of the new energy production end; on the other hand, the increase in electricity expenditure on the consumer end C2 / C5 / C7 can also encourage users to optimize their electricity usage behavior and save electricity.

[0146] It can be understood that the method can be executed by any device, equipment, platform, or device cluster with computing and processing capabilities.

[0147] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the structure of a blockchain-based power trading device provided in an embodiment of the present invention is provided. The device can be implemented by software and / or hardware, is generally integrated in a smart terminal, and can be implemented by a blockchain-based power trading method. As shown in the figure, this embodiment can be based on the above embodiment and provide a blockchain-based power trading device, which mainly includes a node setting module 1010, a priority value determination module 1020, and a transaction matching module 1030.

[0148] The node setting module 1010 is used to obtain the production information of each production end and the consumption information of each consumption end, and upload the production information and consumption information to the blockchain respectively, wherein the production end and the consumption end are both blockchain nodes verified by the consensus mechanism;

[0149] The priority value determination module 1020 is used to calculate the first queue formed by the first transaction priority value of the production end and the second queue formed by the second transaction priority value of the consumption end respectively through the smart contract running on the blockchain, in combination with each of the production information and each of the consumption information;

[0150] The transaction matching module 1030 is used to broadcast the first queue and the second queue to all nodes of the blockchain, match transactions between the production end and the consumption end through the smart contract, the first queue and the second queue, and perform electricity transaction settlement between the two matching parties based on the results of the transaction matching.

[0151] In a feasible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the device further includes:

[0152] An update module is used to update the first queue and the second queue through the smart contract after the electricity transaction is settled, and continue to match transactions between the nodes of the first queue and the nodes of the second queue until all nodes of the first queue and / or the second queue complete the electricity transaction settlement.

[0153] The blockchain-based electricity trading device provided in the above embodiments can execute the blockchain-based electricity trading method provided in any embodiment of the present invention, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects for executing the method. For technical details not described in detail in the above embodiments, please refer to the blockchain-based electricity trading method provided in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0154] The technical carriers involved in the embodiments of this specification may include, for example, near field communication (NFC), WIFI, 3G / 4G / 5G, POS card swiping technology, QR code scanning technology, bar code scanning technology, Bluetooth, infrared, short message service (SMS), multimedia message service (MMS), etc.

[0155] It should be noted that the method of one or more embodiments of this specification can be executed by a single device, such as a computer or server. The method of this embodiment can also be applied in a distributed scenario and completed by multiple devices cooperating with each other. In the case of such a distributed scenario, one of the multiple devices can only execute one or more steps of the method of one or more embodiments of this specification, and the multiple devices will interact with each other to complete the blockchain-based power trading method.

[0156] The above is a description of a specific embodiment of the specification. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recorded in the claims can be performed in an order different from that in the embodiments and still achieve the desired results. In addition, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require the specific order or continuous order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0157] For the convenience of description, the above devices are described in terms of functions divided into various modules. Of course, when implementing one or more embodiments of this specification, the functions of each module can be implemented in the same or multiple software and / or hardware.

[0158] The apparatus of the above-mentioned embodiment is used to implement the corresponding method in the above-mentioned embodiment, and has the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiment, which will not be described in detail here.

[0159] Fig.11 A more specific schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device provided in this embodiment is shown, and the device may include: a processor 1110, a memory 1120, an input / output interface 1130, a communication interface 1140, and a bus 1150. The processor 1110, the memory 1120, the input / output interface 1130, and the communication interface 1140 are connected to each other through the bus 1150 in the device.

[0160] The processor 1110 can be implemented by a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, and is used to execute relevant programs to implement the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification.

[0161] The memory 1120 can be implemented in the form of ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), static storage device, dynamic storage device, etc. The memory 1120 can store an operating system and other application programs. When the technical solution provided in the embodiment of this specification is implemented by software or firmware, the relevant program code is stored in the memory 1120, and the processor 1110 is called to execute the blockchain-based power trading method of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0162] The input / output interface 1130 is used to connect the input / output module to realize information input and output. The input / output module can be configured in the device as a component (not shown in the figure), or it can be externally connected to the device to provide corresponding functions. The input device may include a keyboard, a mouse, a touch screen, a microphone, various sensors, etc., and the output device may include a display, a speaker, a vibrator, an indicator light, etc.

[0163] The communication interface 1140 is used to connect a communication module (not shown) to realize communication interaction between the device and other devices. The communication module can realize communication through a wired mode (such as USB, network cable, etc.) or a wireless mode (such as mobile network, WIFI, Bluetooth, etc.). The bus 1150 includes a channel to transmit information between various components of the device (such as the processor 1110, the memory 1120, the input / output interface 1130 and the communication interface 1140).

[0164] It should be noted that, although the above device only shows the processor 1110, the memory 1120, the input / output interface 1130, the communication interface 1140 and the bus 1150, in the specific implementation process, the device may also include other components necessary for normal operation. In addition, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that the above device may also only include the components necessary for implementing the embodiments of the present specification, and does not necessarily include all the components shown in the figure.

[0165] The computer-readable medium of this embodiment includes permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, and information storage can be implemented by any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, programs and modules of the program itself, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, read-only compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, tape disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or any other non-transmission media, which can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device for executing the above-mentioned technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0166] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present disclosure (including the claims) is limited to these examples. In line with the present disclosure, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments may be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of one or more embodiments of the present specification as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity.

[0167] In addition, to simplify the description and discussion, and in order not to obscure one or more embodiments of the present specification, known power / ground connections to integrated circuit (IC) chips and other components may or may not be shown in the provided figures. In addition, devices may be shown in the form of block diagrams to avoid obscuring one or more embodiments of the present specification, and this also takes into account the fact that the details of the implementation of these block diagram devices are highly dependent on the platform on which one or more embodiments of the present specification will be implemented (i.e., these details should be fully within the scope of understanding of those skilled in the art). Where specific details (e.g., circuits) are set forth to describe exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that one or more embodiments of the present specification may be implemented without these specific details or with variations in these specific details. Therefore, these descriptions should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive.

[0168] Although the present disclosure has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments of the present disclosure, many replacements, modifications and variations of these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. For example, other memory architectures (e.g., dynamic RAM (DRAM)) may use the embodiments discussed.

[0169] One or more embodiments of this specification are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of one or more embodiments of this specification should be included in the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based electricity trading method, characterized in that: The method comprises: Obtaining production information of each production end and consumption information of each consumption end, and uploading the production information and consumption information to the blockchain respectively, wherein the production end and the consumption end are both blockchain nodes verified by the consensus mechanism; The first transaction priority value of each production end is calculated by the following formula: PV g =p g + C e ×η g (1) Each parameter in the formula is included in the production information, among which, p g is the production quotation at the production end, C e The external costs of polluting the environment, when clean energy is used at the production end, e is 0, when fossil energy is used in production e is a fixed value, η g is the production efficiency of the production end, W i is the power generation of the ith power generation equipment per unit time, C i W i The corresponding fuel consumed, η s The standard fuel consumption per unit of electric energy of this type of production end; the calculated first transaction priority values ​​are formed into a first queue from small to large; the second transaction priority values ​​of each consumer end are calculated by the following formula: Each parameter in the formula is included in the consumption information, among which, p c is the consumption quotation at the consumer end, η c is the average efficiency of electricity consumption at the consumer end, η cmax is the highest efficiency value of m consumer ends, η i , P i ,t i are respectively the power efficiency, power, and operating time of the i-th power-consuming device at the consumer end; and a second queue is formed from large to small for each calculated second transaction priority value; The first queue and the second queue are broadcast to all nodes of the blockchain, and transactions between the production end and the consumption end are matched through smart contracts, the first queue and the second queue, and electricity transaction settlement between the matching parties is performed according to the results of the transaction matching.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method further comprises: After the electricity transaction is settled, the first queue and the second queue are updated through the smart contract, and transaction matching is continued for the nodes of the first queue and the nodes of the second queue until all nodes of the first queue and / or the second queue complete the electricity transaction settlement.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Before obtaining the production information of each production end and the consumption information of each consumption end, the method further includes: At least a blockchain virtual machine, a smart meter and an information collection terminal running a smart contract are pre-deployed on the production side, wherein the smart meter is at least used to obtain the electricity sales amount on the production side, and the information collection terminal is used to obtain production information. The electricity sales amount and the production information are reported to the blockchain through a program interface; At least a blockchain virtual machine, a smart meter and an information collection terminal running a smart contract are pre-deployed on the consumer side. The smart meter is at least used to obtain the amount of electricity purchased by the consumer side, and the information collection terminal is used to obtain consumption information. The amount of electricity purchased and the consumption information are reported to the blockchain through a program interface.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first queue formed by the first transaction priority value of the production end and the second queue formed by the second transaction priority value of the consumption end are calculated respectively, including: The first transaction priority value is calculated by using the producer quotation information, external cost and production efficiency in the production information, and the first transaction priority value of each production end is arranged from small to large to obtain a first sorting queue; and The second transaction priority value is calculated by using the consumer quotation information and the average electricity consumption efficiency in the consumption information, and the second transaction priority values ​​are arranged from large to small to obtain a second sorting queue.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The performing transaction matching on the production end and the consumption end through the smart contract, the first queue and the second queue includes: Transaction matching is performed on the consumer and producer ends one by one based on queue priority, including: When they are in the same queue number, the production end with the same queue number in the first queue is matched first. When the power sales in the production information of the production end is insufficient, the production end with the next number in the first queue is matched until the power purchase transaction of the consumer end is completed; When in different queue numbers, the current queue number of the consumer end is used to match the highest priority producer end in the first queue whose remaining power sales are not 0. When the power sales in the production information of the highest priority producer end is insufficient, the next numbered producer end in the first queue is matched until the power purchase transaction of the consumer end is completed in full; The transaction price of the transaction matching is the average of the production quotation of the production end and the consumption quotation of the consumption end that completes the matching. When the transaction is successfully matched, the transaction result is saved in the blockchain through the consensus mechanism.

6. A blockchain-based electricity trading device, characterized in that: The device comprises: A node setting module, used to obtain the production information of each production end and the consumption information of each consumption end, and upload the production information and consumption information to the blockchain respectively, wherein the production end and the consumption end are both blockchain nodes verified by the consensus mechanism; The priority value determination module is used to calculate the priority value of each first transaction of each production end through the following formula: PV g =p g + C e ×η g (1) Each parameter in the formula is included in the production information, among which, p g is the production quotation at the production end, C e The external costs of polluting the environment, when clean energy is used at the production end, e is 0, when fossil energy is used in production e is a fixed value, η g is the production efficiency of the production end, W i is the power generation of the ith power generation equipment per unit time, C i W i The corresponding fuel consumed, η s The standard fuel consumption per unit of electric energy of this type of production end; the calculated first transaction priority values ​​are formed into a first queue from small to large; the second transaction priority values ​​of each consumer end are calculated by the following formula: Each parameter in the formula is included in the consumption information, among which, p c is the consumption quotation at the consumer end, η c is the average efficiency of electricity consumption at the consumer end, η cmax is the highest efficiency value of m consumer ends, η i , P i ,t i are respectively the power efficiency, power, and operating time of the i-th power-consuming device at the consumer end; and a second queue is formed from large to small for each calculated second transaction priority value; A transaction matching module is used to broadcast the first queue and the second queue to all nodes of the blockchain, match transactions between the production end and the consumption end through smart contracts, the first queue and the second queue, and settle the electricity transaction between the two matching parties based on the results of the transaction matching.

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that The device also includes: After the electricity transaction is settled, the first queue and the second queue are updated through the smart contract, and transaction matching is continued for the nodes of the first queue and the nodes of the second queue until all nodes of the first queue and / or the second queue complete the electricity transaction settlement.

8. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the program, the blockchain-based electricity trading method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 is implemented.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to enable the computer to execute the blockchain-based electricity trading method described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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