A dust reduction and smoke removal device and method for tunnel blasting

Abstract

The present invention provides a dust reduction and smoke removal device and method for tunnel blasting, the device includes an inflatable bag; an inflatable port, through which the inflatable bag can be inflated to form a water tank, the water tank is configured to contain a certain volume of liquid; an explosive tank is arranged at the bottom of the water tank, for placing explosives so that during blasting, the liquid in the water tank forms water mist under the action of the explosion energy to reduce dust and remove smoke. The device provided by the present invention has good portability and can be quickly inflated on site. When blasting using the device provided by the present invention, the water injection method is simple, and multiple devices can be used simultaneously according to the size of the tunnel end face and the amount of engineering. The water mist generated after blasting can quickly reduce the dust and gun smoke concentration generated by drilling and blasting construction, greatly improve the construction environment in the tunnel, and ensure the occupational health of on-site workers. At the same time, it can quickly purify the toxic and harmful gases generated by drilling and blasting construction, shorten the ventilation time of the tunnel, speed up the construction progress and improve the construction efficiency, and reduce the construction cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of blasting, and in particular to a dust reduction and smoke removal device and method for tunnel blasting. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the requirements for occupational health and working environment conditions of tunnel construction workers are also constantly increasing. During the construction process in the tunnel, a large amount of inhalable dust and toxic gases are generated during the tunnel drilling and blasting process. They have the characteristics of high concentration, high dispersion, difficult to spread, and wide pollution range in the tunnel. On-site workers working in an environment with high concentrations of toxic and harmful gases will seriously threaten their occupational health.

[0003] At present, the purification of toxic and harmful gases generated by drilling and blasting construction mainly relies on ventilation and natural dust removal in the tunnel, which is a passive dust removal method, and it is difficult to achieve rapid dust removal and dust reduction in the tunnel. The use of ventilation and dust reduction method not only has a poor dust reduction effect, but also takes a long time to reduce dust, which seriously affects the occupational health of tunnel workers and construction progress, and also increases the cost of construction. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a rapid dust reduction and smoke removal device and method for tunnel blasting to overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a dust reduction and smoke removal device for tunnel blasting, the device comprising:

[0006] Inflatable bag;

[0007] an inflation port, through which the inflatable bag can be inflated to form a water tank, wherein the water tank is configured to contain a certain volume of liquid;

[0008] The explosive trough is arranged at the bottom of the water trough and is used for placing explosives so that the liquid in the water trough forms water mist during blasting to reduce dust and smoke.

[0009] Optionally, the explosive groove is a cylindrical hollow portion arranged inside the inflatable bag, isolated from the gas in the inflatable bag, and includes at least one opening for placing explosives into the explosive groove.

[0010] Optionally, the liquid contains water and a dust suppressant, the dust suppressant is an alkaline surfactant, and the liquid concentration is 1-5%.

[0011] Optionally, the explosive groove is a groove arranged at the bottom of the inflatable bag.

[0012] Optionally, the inflatable bag comprises a plastic mesh bottom wall and a plastic mesh or plastic film side wall, and the wall thickness of the bottom wall is greater than the wall thickness of the side wall.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a dust reduction and smoke removal method for tunnel blasting, which is applied to any of the above-mentioned dust reduction and smoke removal devices, and the method comprises:

[0014] Select at least one dust and smoke removal device and lay it flat in front of the tunnel heading, and inflate the inflatable bag through the inflation port to form a water trough;

[0015] Placing explosives into the explosives trough;

[0016] Inject water into the water tank according to the blasting volume, add dust suppressant into the water, and prepare a liquid with a preset concentration;

[0017] Connect the explosives in the explosives trough to the blasting network at the face to carry out blasting.

[0018] Optionally, the at least one dust reduction and smoke removal device is selected and laid flat in front of the tunnel working surface, comprising:

[0019] Determine the number and location of dust and smoke removal devices required based on the blasting scale and tunnel size;

[0020] The number of dust reduction and smoke removal devices are laid out in front of the tunnel heading according to the determined layout positions.

[0021] Optionally, the amount of the explosive is determined by the total amount of water injected, and the total amount of water is not less than 70% of the volume of the water tank.

[0022] Optionally, the detonation time of the explosive lags behind the detonation time of the tunnel face detonation network.

[0023] Optionally, when a plurality of dust reduction and smoke removal devices are laid in front of the tunnel heading, the plurality of devices are connected via detonating cords.

[0024] The embodiment of the present invention provides a dust reduction and smoke removal device for tunnel blasting, the device includes an inflatable bag, an inflating port and an explosive tank, the inflatable bag can be inflated through the inflating port to form a water tank, the water tank is configured to contain a certain volume of liquid, and the explosive tank is configured at the bottom of the water tank, and is used to place explosives so that the liquid in the water tank forms water mist during blasting to reduce dust and smoke. The device provided by the embodiment of the present invention has good portability and can be quickly inflated and used on site. When blasting a tunnel, the device provided by the embodiment of the present invention is used, and the water injection method is relatively simple. Multiple devices can be used simultaneously according to the size of the tunnel end face and the amount of engineering. The water mist generated after blasting can quickly reduce the concentration of dust and gun smoke generated by drilling and blasting construction, realize rapid dust removal and dust reduction, greatly improve the construction environment in the tunnel, and ensure the occupational health of on-site workers. At the same time, the toxic and harmful gases generated by drilling and blasting construction can be quickly purified, the ventilation time of the tunnel can be shortened, the construction progress can be accelerated, and the construction efficiency can be improved, thereby reducing construction costs.

[0025] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention, it can be implemented according to the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are listed below.

[0026] Based on the following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will become more aware of the above and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. Moreover, the same reference symbols are used throughout the accompanying drawings to represent the same components. In the accompanying drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section structure of a dust reduction and smoke removal device for tunnel blasting according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a dust reduction and smoke removal device for tunnel blasting according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of a dust reduction and smoke removal method for tunnel blasting according to an embodiment of the present invention. ;

[0031] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of field application according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5is a flow chart of a method for field application according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0034] It should be noted that the features in the embodiments and preferred embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0035] In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a dust reduction and smoke removal device for tunnel blasting.

[0036] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section structure of a dust and smoke removal device for tunnel blasting according to an embodiment of the present invention, which shows the situation after the explosives are placed. Figure 1 The dust reduction and smoke removal device for tunnel blasting may at least include an inflatable bag 1, an inflating hole 2, and an explosive tank 7. In this embodiment, the inflatable bag 1 can be inflated through the inflating hole 2 to form a water tank, which is configured to contain a certain volume of liquid 5, and the explosive tank 7 is arranged at the bottom of the water tank, which can be used to place explosives 3 to make the liquid 5 in the water tank form water mist during blasting, thereby achieving the purpose of dust reduction and smoke removal.

[0037] The dust and smoke removal device for tunnel blasting provided by the embodiment of the present invention has good portability and can be quickly inflated and used on site. When blasting a tunnel, the device provided by the embodiment of the present invention is used, and the water injection method is relatively simple. Multiple devices can be used simultaneously according to the size of the tunnel end face and the amount of work. The water mist generated after blasting can quickly reduce the concentration of dust and gun smoke generated by drilling and blasting construction, achieve rapid dust removal and dust reduction, greatly improve the construction environment in the tunnel, and ensure the occupational health of on-site workers. At the same time, it can quickly purify the toxic and harmful gases generated by drilling and blasting construction, shorten the ventilation time of the tunnel, speed up the construction progress and improve the construction efficiency, thereby reducing ventilation costs.

[0038] After the inflatable bag 1 is inflated, it can form a square water tank, a long strip water tank, or a cylindrical water tank, etc. The embodiment of the present invention does not specifically limit the shape of the water tank. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water tank is long and has a length of 1.5 meters, a width of 0.4 meters, and a height of 0.4 meters. It should be noted that the present invention does not specifically limit the size of the water tank.

[0039] When the inflatable bag 1 is inflated through the inflation port 2 to form a water tank, an embodiment of the present invention provides an optional implementation method, in which the inflatable bag 1 can be inflated by an external inflation device, such as an air pump. The air pump is simple and easy to operate, which facilitates the rapid inflation of the inflatable bag, saves time, and makes the use of the dust reduction and smoke removal device more convenient. Preferably, the air pump is matched with the inflation port 2, and the air pump can quickly fill the inflatable bag with air from the dedicated valve of the inflation port.

[0040] It should be noted that the gas filled into the inflatable bag through the inflation port may be air, nitrogen, etc., and the present invention does not make any specific limitation to this.

[0041] The explosive tank 7 can be arranged inside the inflatable bag 1 or outside the inflatable bag 1. In an optional embodiment of the present invention, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The explosive groove 7 is a cylindrical hollow part arranged inside the inflatable bag 1, which is isolated from the gas in the inflatable bag 1 and includes at least one opening for placing the explosive into the explosive groove 7. In this preferred embodiment, the explosive groove is located inside the inflatable bag, and the explosive can be placed in the explosive groove from at least one opening, and the cylindrical explosive groove facilitates the placement of the explosive. Optionally, the diameter of the cylindrical explosive groove 7 is 40 mm.

[0042] In the above embodiment, a section of PVC pipe can be used to isolate the explosive tank 7 from the gas in the airbag 1. For example, a section of PVC pipe with a thickness of 1-1.5 mm and at least one end open is arranged in the airbag, wherein the shape of the open end of the PVC pipe is adapted to the shape of the side outer surface of the airbag 1, and the internal space of the PVC pipe is the explosive tank. PVC (Poly vinylchloride), the main component of which is polyvinyl chloride, is a widely used synthetic material, which can be divided into soft PVC and hard PVC.

[0043] In another optional embodiment of the present invention, the explosive groove 7 can be a groove arranged at the bottom of the airbag 1. Preferably, the groove is semi-cylindrical, which is convenient for placing explosives. The groove can be arranged parallel to any side length of the bottom of the airbag 1, and its length is equal to or shorter than any side length of the bottom of the airbag 1, or it can have a certain angle with any side length of the bottom of the airbag 1, for example, the groove is located on the diagonal line of the bottom of the airbag 1. In order to achieve a better explosion effect, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the groove can be arranged in the middle position of the bottom of the airbag, and the groove extends from one end of the bottom of the airbag 1 to the other end.

[0044] During blasting, the explosive placed in the explosive trough can be a Ф32 emulsion explosive roll or a bundle of multiple detonating cords. Figure 1As shown, the explosive includes a plurality of explosive rolls 3, which can be arranged at even intervals and connected in series by detonating cords 4, the ends of which are located outside the inflatable bag 1, and the ends of which are provided with detonating caps 6 for detonating the explosives including the plurality of explosive rolls placed in the explosive groove 7. When the explosive is formed by bundling a plurality of detonating cords into a strand, the diameter of the plurality of detonating cords when they are bundled into a strand is less than 40 mm, which can reduce the use of detonating cords while ensuring safety.

[0045] Continue to see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The water tank is configured to contain a certain volume of liquid 5, which may be water or a certain solution. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid 5 comprises water and a dust suppressant, that is, a solution, wherein the dust suppressant is an alkaline surfactant, and the liquid concentration is 1-5%. The specific dust suppressant and the liquid concentration may be selected according to actual conditions, and the present invention does not limit this.

[0046] In one embodiment of the present invention, the inflatable bag 1 includes a plastic mesh bottom wall 10 and a plastic mesh (or plastic film) side wall 11, and the wall thickness of the bottom wall is greater than the wall thickness of the side wall, for example, the wall thickness of the bottom material is 3 mm, and the wall thickness of other parts is 1 mm. Based on the solution provided by this embodiment, the sealing performance is good, and since there are usually a lot of gravel at the blasting site (in the tunnel), setting a thicker bottom can also prevent the inflatable bag from being punctured by sharp stones in the tunnel.

[0047] Preferably, the side wall 11 includes a wavy inner side wall and / or a wavy outer side wall. In this preferred embodiment, the inflatable bag with a wavy side wall is used. Since the wavy shape has a certain binding property, the stability of the inflatable bag is enhanced.

[0048] Furthermore, the use of plastic mesh material to make the inflatable bag can greatly reduce the weight of the inflatable bag, making it highly portable and able to be quickly deployed on site.

[0049] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a dust reduction and smoke removal method for tunnel blasting, which can be applied to the dust reduction and smoke removal device of any of the above embodiments. Figure 3 is a flow chart of a dust reduction and smoke removal method for tunnel blasting according to an embodiment of the present invention, see Figure 1 The dust reduction and smoke removal method for tunnel blasting may at least include step S102, step S104, step S106 and step S108:

[0050] Step S102: select at least one dust reduction and smoke removal device and lay it in front of the tunnel, and inflate the inflatable bag through the inflation port to form a water tank;

[0051] Step S104, placing explosives into the explosives tank;

[0052] Step S106, injecting water into the water tank according to the blasting amount, and adding dust suppressant into the water to prepare a liquid with a preset concentration;

[0053] Step S108: connect the explosives in the explosives slot to the blasting network at the face to carry out blasting.

[0054] In the embodiment of the present invention, at least one dust reduction and smoke removal device is first selected and laid flat in front of the tunnel face, and the inflatable bag is inflated through the inflation port to form a water tank, and then the explosives are placed in the explosive tank, and then water is injected into the water tank according to the blasting amount, and dust suppressants are added to the water to configure a liquid with a preset concentration, and finally the explosives in the explosive tank are connected to the face detonation network to implement blasting. Because the dust reduction and smoke removal device has good portability, it can be quickly inflated and used on site, and it is simple and easy to operate, so as to achieve the purpose of quickly deploying the device to quickly reduce the dust and gun smoke concentration generated by tunnel drilling and blasting construction. Adding a special dust suppressant to the water and configuring a liquid with a preset concentration can increase the water's adsorption capacity for smoke, effectively reduce the smoke generated by blasting, and effectively purify the toxic and harmful gases generated by drilling and blasting construction, greatly improve the construction environment in the tunnel, and ensure the occupational health of on-site workers. At the same time, it shortens the ventilation time of the tunnel, speeds up the construction progress and improves the construction efficiency, thereby reducing the construction cost.

[0055] For the above-mentioned step S102, selecting at least one dust reduction and smoke removal device to be laid in front of the tunnel face, and inflating the inflatable bag through the inflation port to form a water trough, the embodiment of the present invention provides an optional implementation method, that is, determining the number and layout positions of the required dust reduction and smoke removal devices according to the blasting scale and the tunnel size, and then laying the determined number of dust reduction and smoke removal devices in front of the tunnel face according to the determined layout positions. Specifically, the larger the blasting scale and the larger the tunnel cross-sectional size, the more dust reduction and smoke removal devices are required. The solution provided by this optional embodiment can select a suitable number of dust reduction and smoke removal devices to be laid in front of the tunnel face according to the actual blasting scale and tunnel size before blasting the tunnel face, so as to obtain better dust reduction and smoke removal effects.

[0056] Before blasting, the dust and smoke removal device needs to be laid out within a certain distance in front of the tunnel face, for example, 20-35 meters in front of the tunnel face. In addition, when multiple dust and smoke removal devices are laid out in front of the tunnel face, the multiple dust and smoke removal devices can be connected via detonating cords. At this time, multiple dust and smoke removal devices can be laid out in a row, and the spacing between them can be determined according to the width of the tunnel face.

[0057] After step S102, step S104 is executed to place the explosives in the explosives slot. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the explosives are evenly tied to the detonating cord according to the designed amount of explosives and placed in the explosives slot.

[0058] Furthermore, for the explosive mentioned in the above step S104, the amount of the explosive is determined by the total amount of water injected, and the total amount of water is not less than 70% of the volume of the water tank. Preferably, the amount of explosive required per liter of water is 0.45-0.55g. The total amount of water injected is not less than 70% of the solvent in the water tank, which can ensure that sufficient water mist is generated during the explosion, thereby effectively reducing the smoke generated by the blasting.

[0059] Usually, a water supply system is configured during tunnel construction. In one embodiment of the present invention, water can be injected through the water supply system in the tunnel. The water injection method is relatively simple and convenient to use.

[0060] For the above step S106, dust suppressant is added to water to prepare a liquid of a preset concentration, thereby increasing the water's ability to adsorb smoke and dust, and effectively reducing smoke and dust generated by blasting. It should be noted that the preset concentration in the above embodiment can be pre-set according to the actual blasting amount, for example, the liquid concentration can be pre-set to 1-5%, and an appropriate amount of dust suppressant can be added according to the liquid concentration.

[0061] After executing the above step S106, the next step is to execute step S108, connect the explosives in the explosive tank to the tunnel face detonation network, and carry out blasting. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the explosives are connected in series through detonating cords, and connected to the tunnel face detonation network through detonating cords, and then blasting is carried out in real time.

[0062] The detonation time of the explosives here should lag behind the detonation time of the detonation network of the tunnel face, and the time difference between them is related to the distance between the dust reduction and smoke removal device and the tunnel face. For example, a certain number of dust reduction and smoke removal devices are arranged 20-35 meters in front of the tunnel face to be blasted, and the detonation time of the explosives lags behind the detonation time of the detonation network of the tunnel face by 1-1.5 seconds. The examples here are only for better explanation of the scheme of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0063] The dust reduction and smoke removal method for tunnel blasting provided by the embodiment of the present invention is now described with reference to a specific embodiment.

[0064] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a field application according to an embodiment of the present invention, see Figure 4 , which shows the situation where one dust reduction and smoke removal device A is deployed. In the excavated tunnel 8, one dust reduction and smoke removal device A is deployed at a certain distance in front of the tunnel face 9. The figure does not show the situation where multiple dust reduction and smoke removal devices are deployed.

[0065] Figure 5 is a flow chart of a method for field application according to an embodiment of the present invention, see Figure 5 , the method for field application comprises at least the following steps:

[0066] Step S202: before blasting, in the excavated tunnel, the number of dust reduction and smoke removal devices required is selected according to the blasting scale of the tunnel and the cross-sectional size of the tunnel, and one or more dust reduction and smoke removal devices are laid flat in front of the tunnel heading;

[0067] Specifically, the larger the blasting scale and the larger the tunnel cross-section size, the more dust reduction and smoke removal devices are required. Therefore, before blasting the tunnel face, an appropriate number of dust reduction and smoke removal devices can be selected according to the actual blasting scale and tunnel size, so that a suitable number of dust reduction and smoke removal devices can be used to obtain a better dust reduction and smoke removal effect.

[0068] Before blasting, the dust reduction and smoke removal device can be arranged parallel to the tunnel face at 20-35 meters. When multiple dust reduction and smoke removal devices are required, multiple dust reduction and smoke removal devices can be arranged in a row. The spacing between them can be determined according to the width of the tunnel face. Multiple dust reduction and smoke removal devices can be connected via detonating cords.

[0069] Step S204, using an air pump to inflate the air inlets on one or more dust reduction and smoke removal devices until they are filled to form a water tank;

[0070] The air pump is simple and easy to operate, convenient for quickly inflating the airbag, saving time, and making the use of the dust reduction and smoke removal device more convenient. Preferably, the air pump is matched with the air inlet, and the air pump can quickly inflate the airbag from the dedicated valve of the air inlet.

[0071] Step S206, evenly tying the explosives on the detonating cord according to the designed amount of explosives, and placing them in the explosives tank of the dust reduction and smoke removal device;

[0072] The amount of explosives is determined by the total amount of water injected, and the total amount of water is not less than 70% of the water tank volume. Preferably, the amount of explosives required per liter of water is 0.45-0.55g. The total amount of water injected is not less than 70% of the water tank solvent, which can ensure that sufficient water mist is generated during the explosion, thereby effectively reducing the smoke generated by the blast.

[0073] Step S208, determining the water injection amount according to the blasting amount, and injecting water into the water tank through the water supply system in the tunnel, wherein the total amount of water injected is not less than 70% of the water tank volume;

[0074] The amount of explosives can be determined by the total amount of water injected, and the total amount of water is not less than 70% of the water tank volume. Preferably, the amount of explosives required per liter of water is 0.45-0.55g. The total amount of water injected is not less than 70% of the water tank solvent, which can ensure that sufficient water mist is generated during the explosion, thereby effectively reducing the smoke generated by the blast.

[0075] Step S210, after injecting an appropriate amount of water, add a special dust suppressant into the water to prepare a liquid with a certain concentration;

[0076] Adding special dust suppressants to water can increase water's ability to adsorb smoke and dust, which can effectively reduce the smoke and dust generated by blasting.

[0077] Step S212: connect a blasting cap to the end of the detonating cord, connect the leg wire of the blasting cap to the blasting network of the tunnel face, and carry out blasting.

[0078] The explosion time of the explosives in the explosive tank is the detonation time of the dust and smoke removal device, which lags behind the detonation network of the tunnel face, for example, the detonation time lags by 0.5-1.5 seconds. The specific lag time can be determined according to the actual situation on site, and the present invention does not limit this.

[0079] In the embodiment of the present invention, at least one dust reduction and smoke removal device is first selected and laid flat in front of the tunnel face, and the inflatable bag is inflated through the inflation port to form a water tank, and then the explosives are placed in the explosive tank, and then water is injected into the water tank according to the blasting amount, and dust suppressants are added to the water to configure a liquid with a preset concentration, and finally the explosives in the explosive tank are connected to the face detonation network to implement blasting. Because the dust reduction and smoke removal device has good portability, it can be quickly inflated and used on site, and it is simple and easy to operate, so as to achieve the purpose of quickly deploying the device to quickly reduce the concentration of dust and gun smoke generated by tunnel drilling and blasting construction. Adding a special dust suppressant to the water and configuring a liquid with a preset concentration can increase the water's adsorption capacity for smoke, effectively reduce the smoke generated by blasting, and effectively purify the toxic and harmful gases generated by drilling and blasting construction, greatly improve the construction environment in the tunnel, and ensure the occupational health of on-site workers. At the same time, it shortens the ventilation time of the tunnel, speeds up the construction progress and improves the construction efficiency, thereby reducing the ventilation cost.

[0080] In the description provided herein, a large number of specific details are described. However, it is understood that embodiments of the present invention can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques are not shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this description.

[0081] Similarly, it should be understood that in order to streamline the present disclosure and aid in understanding one or more of the various inventive aspects, in the above description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention, various features of the present invention are sometimes grouped together into a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof. However, this disclosed method should not be interpreted as reflecting the intention that the claimed invention requires more features than those explicitly recited in each claim. More specifically, as reflected in the claims below, inventive aspects lie in less than all the features of the individual embodiments disclosed above. Therefore, the claims that follow the specific embodiment are hereby expressly incorporated into the specific embodiment, with each claim itself serving as a separate embodiment of the present invention.

[0082] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules in the devices in the embodiments may be adaptively changed and arranged in one or more devices different from the embodiments. The modules or units or components in the embodiments may be combined into one module or unit or component, and in addition they may be divided into a plurality of submodules or subunits or subcomponents. Except that at least some of such features and / or processes or units are mutually exclusive, all features disclosed in this specification (including the accompanying claims, abstracts and drawings) and all processes or units of any method or device disclosed in this manner may be combined in any combination. Unless otherwise expressly stated, each feature disclosed in this specification (including the accompanying claims, abstracts and drawings) may be replaced by an alternative feature providing the same, equivalent or similar purpose.

[0083] In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that, although some embodiments described herein include certain features included in other embodiments but not other features, the combination of features of different embodiments is meant to be within the scope of the present invention and form different embodiments. For example, in the claims, any one of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination.

[0084] It should be noted that the above embodiments illustrate the present invention rather than limit it, and that those skilled in the art may devise alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In the claims, any reference symbol between brackets shall not be construed as a limitation on the claims. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in the claims. The word "one" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The present invention may be implemented by means of hardware comprising a number of different elements and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In a unit claim enumerating a number of devices, several of these devices may be embodied by the same hardware item. The use of the words first, second, and third, etc., does not indicate any order. These words may be interpreted as names.

[0085] At this point, those skilled in the art should recognize that, although multiple exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described in detail herein, many other variations or modifications that conform to the principles of the present invention can still be directly determined or derived based on the content disclosed in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should be understood and recognized as covering all these other variations or modifications.

Claims

1. A dust and smoke removal device for tunnel blasting, characterized in that: The device comprises: Inflatable bag; an inflation port, through which the inflatable bag can be inflated to form a water tank, wherein the water tank is configured to contain a certain volume of liquid; An explosive tank is arranged at the bottom of the water tank and is used to place explosives so that during blasting, the liquid in the water tank forms water mist under the action of the explosion energy to reduce dust and smoke; The explosive groove is a cylindrical hollow portion disposed inside the inflatable bag, isolated from the gas in the inflatable bag, and comprises at least one opening for placing explosives into the explosive groove; The inflatable bag comprises a plastic mesh bottom wall and a plastic mesh or plastic film side wall, and the wall thickness of the bottom wall is greater than the wall thickness of the side wall.

2. The dust and smoke removal device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid contains water and a dust suppressant, wherein the dust suppressant is an alkaline surfactant and has a liquid concentration of 1-5%.

3. The dust and smoke removal device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The explosive groove is a groove arranged at the bottom of the inflatable bag.

4. A dust reduction and smoke removal method for tunnel blasting, applied to the dust reduction and smoke removal device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The method comprises: Select at least one dust and smoke removal device and lay it flat in front of the tunnel heading, and inflate the inflatable bag through the inflation port to form a water trough; Placing explosives into the explosives tank; Inject water into the water tank according to the blasting volume, add dust suppressant into the water, and prepare a liquid with a preset concentration; Connect the explosives in the explosives trough to the blasting network at the face to carry out blasting.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The method of selecting at least one dust reduction and smoke removal device and laying it in front of the tunnel working surface comprises: Determine the number and location of dust and smoke removal devices required based on the blasting scale and tunnel size; The number of dust reduction and smoke removal devices are laid out in front of the tunnel heading according to the determined layout positions.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The amount of explosive used is determined by the total amount of water injected, and the total amount of water is not less than 70% of the water tank volume.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The detonation time of the explosive lags behind the detonation time of the tunnel face detonation network.

8. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that When multiple dust reduction and smoke removal devices are laid in front of the tunnel heading, the multiple dust reduction and smoke removal devices are connected via detonating cords.

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