Control device, equivalent calculation device, power system, and computer-readable recording medium having a program recorded

Abstract

A control device of the present invention is a control device that controls a distributed power source connected to a power system, and includes a range setting section that sets an allowable range of reactive power and active power to be output at normal times, an output control section that controls the reactive power and active power supplied from the distributed power source to the power system within the allowable range set by the range setting section, and a receiving section that receives an excess output instruction from an instruction device in the power system, the excess output instruction indicating that reactive power exceeding the allowable range is to be output, and the output control section outputs the reactive power outside the allowable range when the receiving section receives the excess output instruction.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a control device, an equivalent calculation device, a power system, and a computer-readable recording medium on which a program is recorded. BACKGROUND

[0002] A distributed power source such as a solar power generation device is widely used. Power generated by the distributed power source is converted into alternating current via a control device such as a power conditioner and supplied to a power system. By imparting a reactive power control function to the power conditioner, voltage fluctuation of the power system caused by fluctuation in generated power is suppressed. For example, a technique is proposed that predicts and outputs the maximum controllable reactive power from the present to a prescribed time based on the anticipated maximum power and the rated capacity of the power conditioner (for example, refer to Patent Literature 1).

[0003] PRIOR ART DOCUMENTS

[0004] PATENT LITERATURE

[0005] Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2013-74668 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0006] PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY THE INVENTION

[0007] It is desirable that the control device such as the power conditioner be able to output sufficient reactive power to stabilize the voltage of the power system. In addition, it is desirable that an appropriate equivalent be calculated from the reactive power output.

[0008] SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEMS

[0009] A first aspect of the present application provides a control device. The control device can control a distributed power source connected to a power system. The control device can include a range setting section. The range setting section can set an allowable range of reactive power and active power output at ordinary times. The control device can include an output control section. The output control section can control the reactive power and the active power supplied from the distributed power source to the power system within the allowable range set by the range setting section. The control device can include a reception section. The reception section can receive an excess output instruction from an instruction device in the power system, the excess output instruction indicating that reactive power exceeding the allowable range should be output. The output control section can output the reactive power outside the allowable range in a case where the reception section receives the excess output instruction.

[0010] The range setting section can set a power factor range of the reactive power and the active power as the allowable range. The output control section can output the reactive power outside the power factor range in a case where the reception section receives the excess output instruction.

[0011] The output control section can maintain the active power supplied to the power system and increase the reactive power supplied to the power system when the reception section receives the exceeding output instruction.

[0012] The output control section can decrease the active power and increase the reactive power when the apparent power exceeds the maximum power that can be supplied to the power system when the reactive power is increased in accordance with the exceeding output instruction.

[0013] The control device can further include a power conditioner. The power conditioner can receive power from the distributed power source and output the power to the power system. The maximum power that can be output by the power conditioner can be greater than the maximum power that can be output by the distributed power source.

[0014] A second aspect of the present application provides an equivalent calculation device. The equivalent calculation device can include an equivalent calculation section. The equivalent calculation section can calculate an equivalent paid to an administrator of the control device based on electric energy of the reactive power supplied to the power system by the arbitrary control device described above. The equivalent calculation device can include a power detection section. The power detection section can detect electric energy of the reactive power supplied to the power system by the arbitrary control device described above.

[0015] The equivalent calculation section can calculate the equivalent based on exceeding electric energy of the reactive power output in excess of the allowable range.

[0016] The equivalent calculation section can also calculate the equivalent based on increase electric energy of the reactive power increased in accordance with the exceeding output instruction.

[0017] The equivalent calculation section can further calculate the equivalent paid for the reactive power based on the equivalent paid for the active power.

[0018] A third aspect of the present application provides a power system. The power system can include a plurality of the control devices described above. The power system can include a notification device that notifies each control device of the exceeding output instruction.

[0019] The notification device can set the reactive power output by each distributed power source based on the active power supplied to the power system by each distributed power source.

[0020] The notification device can preferentially increase the reactive power of the distributed power source that can increase the amount of the reactive power more than other distributed power sources within a range in which the active power supplied to the power system is not decreased.

[0021] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable recording medium recording a program that causes a computer to execute, when executed by the computer, a step of calculating an equivalent to be paid to an administrator of a control device based on electric energy of reactive power supplied to a power system by the control device. The control device can control a distributed power source connected to the power system. The control device can include a range setting section. The range setting section can set an allowable range of reactive power and active power to be output at ordinary times. The control device can include an output control section. The output control section can control the reactive power and the active power supplied from the distributed power source to the power system within the allowable range set by the range setting section. The control device can include a reception section. The reception section can receive an excess output instruction from an instruction device in the power system, the excess output instruction indicating that reactive power exceeding the allowable range is to be output. The output control section can output the reactive power outside the allowable range in a case where the reception section receives the excess output instruction. The program, when executed by the computer, can cause the computer to execute a step of detecting electric energy of the reactive power supplied to the power system by the control device. The program can be a program for causing the computer to function as the equivalent calculation device described above.

[0022] In addition, the above summary of the invention does not list all the essential features of the invention. Furthermore, subcombinations of these feature groups can also constitute an invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a power system in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a control device in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating one example of control contents of reactive power and active power based on a control device.

[0026] Figure 4 FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating another example of control contents of reactive power and active power based on a control device.

[0027] Figure 5 FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating another example of an allowable range with respect to reactive power and active power.

[0028] Figure 6 FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating another example of an allowable range with respect to reactive power and active power.

[0029] Figure 7 FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an equivalent calculation device in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 8 is a diagram showing one example of the processing steps in the power system.

[0031] Figure 9 is a diagram showing other examples of the processing steps in the power system.

[0032] Figure 10 is a diagram showing other examples of the power system.

[0033] Figure 11 is an example of a computer 2200 in which the entire or part of the modes of the present application are embodied. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] Hereinafter, the present application will be described by embodiments of the application, but the following embodiments do not limit the application covered by the claims. In addition, the combination of features described in the embodiments is not necessarily essential to solve the technical problem of the present application.

[0035] Figure 1 is a diagram showing the power system 1 in one embodiment of the present application. The power system 1 can include the distributed power sources 20-1 and 20-2 (sometimes collectively referred to as the distributed power sources 20), the control devices 100-1 and 100-2 (sometimes collectively referred to as the control devices 100), and the equivalent calculation devices 200-1 and 200-2 (sometimes collectively referred to as the equivalent calculation devices 200). The number of each structure is not limited to Figure 1 the case shown.

[0036] The distributed power sources 20-1 and 20-2 can be various power sources such as a solar power generation device using a solar panel, a wind power generation device, an electric vehicle, and a fuel cell power generation device. In the present example, the distributed power sources 20-1 and 20-2 are solar power generation devices. The distributed power source 20-1 is electrically connected to the power system 30 via the control device 100-1. Likewise, the distributed power source 20-2 is electrically connected to the power system 30 via the control device 100-2. The output side of the distributed power sources 20-1 and 20-2 is electrically connected at the interconnection point 32. The number and kind of the distributed power sources 20-1 and 20-2 are not limited to Figure 1 the case shown.

[0037] The control device 100-1 and 100-2 controls the distributed power source 20-1 and 20-2, respectively. The control device 100 supplies the power generated by the distributed power source 20 to the interconnection point 32. The input side of the control device 100-1 is connected to the distributed power source 20-1. The control device 100-1 can be a power conversion device that converts the power generated by the distributed power source 20-1 into power corresponding to the electric power system 30. The input side of the control device 100-2 is connected to the distributed power source 20-2. The control device 100-2 can be a power conversion device that converts the power generated by the distributed power source 20-2 into power corresponding to the electric power system 30. The control device 100 can include a device called a power conditioner, a PCS (Power Conditioning System), or an inverter.

[0038] The output side of the control device 100-1 is connected to the electric power system 30 via the interconnection point 32. A transformer can also be connected between the control device 100-1 and the interconnection point 32. The output side of the control device 100-2 can also be connected to the electric power system 30 via the interconnection point 32. The electric power system 30 includes a system power source 34 and a load 36.

[0039] The control device 100-1 and 100-2 sets the allowable range of the reactive power and the active power that is normally output. In a case where an exceeding output instruction that means that the reactive power exceeding the allowable range should be output is received from an instruction device of an electric power company or the like in the electric power system 30, the control device 100-1 and 100-2 outputs the reactive power outside the allowable range. The structure of the control device 100-1 and 100-2 will be described later.

[0040] The equivalent calculation device 200-1 detects the electric energy of the reactive power supplied to the electric power system 30 by the control device 100-1. The equivalent calculation device 200-1 calculates the equivalent paid to the administrator of the control device 100-1 based on the electric energy of the reactive power. Similarly, the equivalent calculation device 200-2 detects the electric energy of the reactive power supplied to the electric power system 30 by the control device 100-2. The equivalent calculation device 200-2 calculates the equivalent paid to the administrator of the control device 100-2 based on the electric energy of the reactive power. However, the equivalent calculation device 200-1 is not limited to this case. The equivalent calculation device 200-1 can acquire the electric energy of the reactive power supplied to the electric power system 30 by the control device 100-1 from an external device. Similarly, the equivalent calculation device 200-2 can acquire the electric energy of the reactive power supplied to the electric power system 30 by the control device 100-2 from an external device.

[0041] The equivalent calculation device 200-1 can be provided inside the control device 100-1, or can be communicably connected to the control device 100-1 as a device different from the control device 100-1. The equivalent calculation device 200-2 can be provided inside the control device 100-2, or can be communicably connected to the control device 100-2 as a device different from the control device 100-2. Further, the equivalent calculation devices 200-1 and 200-2 can be devices provided to the power system 30 managed by the electric power company. The structures of the equivalent calculation devices 200-1 and 200-2 will be described later.

[0042] Figure 2 Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating a control device 100 in one embodiment of the present application. The control device 100 includes a power conditioner 102, a setting section 110, an output control section 120, and a reception section 130. The power conditioner 102 receives power from a distributed power source 20, and outputs the power to a power system 30. The power conditioner 102 is also referred to as an inverter.

[0043] The setting section 110 is a range setting section that sets an allowable range of reactive power and active power that the control device 100 generally outputs. The output control section 120 controls the reactive power and the active power supplied from the distributed power source 20 to the power system 30 within the allowable range set by the setting section 110. The reception section 130 receives an excess output instruction that indicates that the reactive power should be output beyond the allowable range, from an instruction device in the power system 30. The instruction device in the power system 30 can be a control device that controls the power system 30, or a terminal device of an administrator who manages the power system. The reception section 130 can receive the excess output instruction directly from the instruction device, or can receive the excess output instruction via other notification devices or the like.

[0044] In a case where the reception section 130 receives the excess output instruction, the output control section 120 outputs the reactive power outside the allowable range. Specifically, in a case where the reception section 130 receives the excess output instruction, the output control section 120 controls the power conditioner so as to output the reactive power outside the allowable range.

[0045] Generally, the maximum output power of the distributed power source 20 such as a solar power generation device is set to be larger than the maximum power (capacity) that the power conditioner 102 can output. In consideration of a situation in which the solar power generation device cannot generate the maximum output power due to weather or the like for a long time, it is possible to improve economic efficiency by using near the maximum power of the power conditioner 102. However, in the present embodiment, in order to secure the power capacity of the reactive power output from the power conditioner 102, the maximum power that the power conditioner 102 can output can be larger than the maximum power that the distributed power source 20 can output.

[0046] Figure 3 is a graph showing one example of the control content of the reactive power and the active power based on the control device. Figure 3 The circle shown indicates the maximum power of the apparent power that the control device 100 can provide to the power system 30. The apparent power is expressed by the vector sum of the active power and the reactive power. Figure 3 The vertical axis of the graph indicates the reactive power Q (Var), and the horizontal axis indicates the active power P (W). The maximum power of the apparent power that the control device 100 can provide to the power system 30 is determined, for example, by the capacity of the semiconductor switches of the power conditioner 102 and the thickness of the wiring.

[0047] The hatched area indicates the allowable range S of the reactive power and the active power that the control device 100 outputs normally. As shown in Figure 3 , as the allowable range S, a power factor range of the reactive power and the active power can be set. Figure 3 In the example shown in FIG. 6, the allowable range is determined as a range in which the power factor is α or more and 1 or less. α is a value determined in advance, for example. α can be 0.7 or more and 0.9 or less, or 0.8, for example. The power factor is the proportion of the active power with respect to the apparent power.

[0048] The output control section 120 controls the reactive power Q and the active power P provided from the distributed power source 20 to the power system within the allowable range S set by the setting section 110. Figure 3 In the example shown in FIG. 6, as the current output, the reactive power is controlled to Q0. In a case where the exceeding output instruction section 130 receives an instruction from the instruction device in the power system 30 to output the reactive power exceeding the allowable range S, the output control section 120 outputs the reactive power Q t exceeding the allowable range S.

[0049] In the example shown in FIG. 6, in a case where the exceeding output instruction section 130 receives the exceeding output instruction, the output control section 120 outputs the reactive power Q t exceeding the power factor range. The reactive power is increased from Q0to Q t . Q0indicates the current reactive power before the change, and Q t indicates the reactive power required by the power company at the time t, that is, the reactive power indicated by the exceeding output instruction. The reactive power increase amount D1 is |Q t -Q0|. Figure 3 In the example shown in FIG. 6, the reactive power exceeds the allowable range S in a range of Q1or more. The exceeding power D2 of the reactive power that exceeds the allowable range S and is output is |Q t -Q1|.

[0050] In a case where the exceeding output instruction section 130 receives the exceeding output instruction, the output control section 120 maintains the active power P provided to the power system (set to Pt ), and the reactive power Q supplied to the power system increases. In this case, the reactive power Q1 exceeding the allowable range S is expressed by the following mathematical expression. P t is the active power maintained before and after the change, and a is the power factor.

[0051] [Equation 1]

[0052]

[0053] Figure 1 The equivalent calculation device 200 shown in FIG. 2 can calculate the equivalent based on the electric energy (Var·sec) obtained by time-integrating (accumulating) the reactive power increase amount D1, that is, the increase electric energy (Var·sec) of the power increase of the reactive power in accordance with the exceeding of the output command. In the case where the reactive power increases, the degree of consumption of the control device 100 accordingly increases. Therefore, by calculating the equivalent based on the increase electric energy (Var·sec), it is possible to make up for the consumption of the control device 100 that outputs the reactive power.

[0054] However, the calculation of the equivalent is not limited to this case. The equivalent calculation device 200 can also calculate the equivalent based on the electric energy (Var·sec) obtained by time-integrating (accumulating) the exceeding power D2 of the reactive power, that is, the exceeding electric energy (Var·sec) of the reactive power output in excess of the allowable range in accordance with the exceeding of the output command. Within the predetermined allowable range S, as a range of responsibility of itself, the distributed power source 20 (power generation device) contributes to the system stabilization, and on the other hand, for the exceeding portion exceeding the range of responsibility, it can be configured so that the administrator of the distributed power source 20 accepts the payment of the equivalent corresponding to the exceeding electric energy (Var·sec).

[0055] Figure 4 is a graph showing another example of the control content based on the reactive power and the active power of the control device. Figure 4 The circle shown in FIG. 3 shows the maximum power of the apparent power that the control device 100 can supply to the power system 30. Figure 4 The vertical axis of FIG. 4 represents the reactive power Q (Var), and the horizontal axis represents the active power P (W). The hatched area represents the allowable range S of the reactive power and the active power output by the control device 100 at ordinary times. As shown in FIG. 4, as the allowable range S, it is possible to set the power factor range of the reactive power and the active power. Figure 4

[0056] In the case where the power factor of the control device 100 is a, the active power P and the reactive power Q are expressed by the following mathematical expressions. P Figure 4 ​In the illustrated case, under normal conditions, the output control unit 120 controls the reactive power Q0 and active power P0 supplied to the power system 30 from the distributed power source 20 within the allowable range S set by the setting unit 110. In this example, the receiving unit 130 receives an over-output command indicating that the reactive power should exceed the allowable range S. The output control unit 120 increases the reactive power Q0 to Q0 based on the over-output command. t When the apparent power exceeds 30% of the maximum power that can be supplied to the power system (in the case of reactive power increase D1), the apparent power exceeds the maximum power that can be supplied to the power system. The maximum power is determined by the capacity of the wiring and the output capacity of the control device (the capacity of the semiconductor switch), etc.

[0057] When the apparent power exceeds the maximum power that can be supplied to the power system 30 when the reactive power is increased according to the output command, the output control unit 120 reduces the active power P from P0 to P1. t And increase the reactive power Q to Q t Specifically, when the output command is issued, reactive power Q is provided. t Under the instruction, the active power P is reduced until it becomes the reactive power Q. t The straight line intersects P with the circle representing the maximum apparent power. t Therefore, within the maximum apparent power range, reactive power exceeding the output command can be supplied to the power system 30. Thus, voltage fluctuations in the power system 30 can be suppressed.

[0058] Furthermore, in the presence of multiple control devices 100-1 and 100-2, such as Figure 3 As shown, distributed power source 20-1, which can increase reactive power more than other distributed power sources 20-2 within the range where the active power supplied to power system 30 does not decrease, can preferentially increase reactive power.

[0059] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing other examples of permissible ranges for reactive and active power. Figure 3 and Figure 4 The following situation is illustrated: the apparent power is smaller than the maximum power (meaning it is located at...). Figure 3 , Figure 4 (within the circle), the range of sector shapes representing power factors above α and below 1 is defined as the allowable range S. However, the allowable range S is not limited to this case. Figure 5 In this context, the range of a triangle with a power factor of α above and below 1 and an active power P below A (where A is a predetermined constant below the maximum apparent power) is set as the allowable range S.

[0060] Figure 6This is a diagram showing other examples of permissible ranges related to reactive and active power. Figure 6 In this context, the power factor is above α and below 1, the active power P is above B (where B is a predetermined constant), and the reactive power is -Q. m Above, +Q m The following (where Q) m The range of (constant) Figure 6 (Used as shaded text) can be set to an allowable range S. The constant B is a predetermined constant between 0.01 and 0.1 times the maximum apparent power, for example, 0.05 times the maximum apparent power. The constant Q... m This can be between 0.4 and 0.5 times the maximum apparent power, for example, 0.44 times. The threshold (absolute value) for negative reactive power can be determined to be smaller than the threshold (absolute value) for positive reactive power, so as to reduce -Q. m Set it to 0.25 times the maximum apparent power, and set +Q m Set it to 0.44 times the maximum apparent power.

[0061] exist Figure 5 and Figure 6 Within the permissible range shown, if the receiving unit receives an output command exceeding the limit, the output control unit 120 can maintain the active power supplied to the power system 30 and increase the reactive power supplied to the power system 30. Furthermore, if the apparent power exceeds the maximum power that can be supplied to the power system when the output control unit 120 increases the reactive power according to the output command exceeding the limit, the output control unit 120 can also decrease the active power and increase the reactive power.

[0062] Figure 7 This diagram illustrates an equivalent calculation device according to one embodiment of the present invention. The equivalent calculation device 200 can be installed within the control device 100 or external to the control device 100. The equivalent calculation device 200 includes a power detection unit 210 and an equivalent calculation unit 220. The power detection unit 210 detects the reactive power electrical energy (Var·second) supplied by the control device 100 to the power system 30. The power detection unit 210 can be a power management instrument (energy meter). Various types of power meters can be used as power management instruments. However, the equivalent calculation device 200 is not limited to this. The equivalent calculation device 200 can obtain the reactive power electrical energy supplied by the control device 100 to the power system 30 from an external device. In this case, the equivalent calculation device 200 may not have a power detection unit 210.

[0063] The equivalent calculation section 220 calculates the equivalent paid to the administrator of the control device 100 based on the electric energy of the reactive power detected by the power detection section 210. The equivalent calculation device 200 can include a notification section 230. The notification section 230 can notify the calculated equivalent to at least one of the terminal device of the system administrator of the power system 30 and the terminal device of the administrator of the distributed power source.

[0064] The equivalent calculation section 220 can acquire equivalent information. The equivalent calculation section 220 calculates the equivalent paid to the administrator of the control device 100 based on the electric energy of the reactive power detected by the power detection section 210 and the equivalent information. The equivalent information is, for example, the price per unit of the reactive electric energy. The equivalent information can be set in advance. For example, the equivalent information can be determined by a power company or the like. Further, the equivalent information can be derived by acquiring transaction information in a power trading market of the active electric energy or a power trading market of the reactive power or the like by the equivalent calculation section 220.

[0065] The equivalent information can be set based on the equivalent paid for the active power. In this case, the equivalent calculation section 220 further calculates the equivalent paid for the reactive power based on the equivalent paid for the active power. In one example, the unit price of the reactive electric energy can be set higher than the unit price of the active electric energy.

[0066] By setting the unit price of the reactive electric energy higher than the unit price of the active electric energy, the equivalent paid to the administrator of the control device 100 does not decrease even in a case where the output of the active power is reduced in order to provide the reactive power. Further, if the number of the distributed power sources 20 such as solar power generation devices increases in the future, the active electric energy provided increases, and thus the active electric energy is likely to remain more than the reactive electric energy. By setting the unit price of the reactive electric energy higher than the unit price of the active electric energy, it is possible to cope with such a supply and demand relationship. Also, the control device 100 and the distributed power source 20 that contribute to the stabilization of the power system 30 can be highly evaluated.

[0067] The equivalent calculation section 220 can be provided to the power system 30. In one example, the equivalent calculation section 220 can be an instruction device of a power company provided to the power system 30. The power detection sections 210 can be respectively provided to the output side of the control device 100-1 and the output side of the control device 100-2, and the equivalent calculation section 220 can be provided to the power system 30. In this case, each of the power detection sections 210 and the equivalent calculation section 220 are communicably connected. The equivalent calculation section 220 can receive the measurement result of the electric energy of the reactive power from each of the power detection sections 210.

[0068] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating one example of a processing step in a power system. The setting section 110 of the control device 100 sets the output of the distributed power source 20 based on the setting information input from the administrator of the control device 100 as described above. Figures 3 to 6As illustrated, a range of reactive power and active power that is output at normal times is set. For example, the setting unit 110 sets a power factor range of the reactive power and the active power as the allowable range. At normal times, the output control unit 120 controls the reactive power and the active power supplied from the distributed power source 20 to the power system 30 within the allowable range set by the setting unit 110 (step S101). In a case where the receiving unit 130 does not receive an exceeding output instruction that means the reactive power exceeding the allowable range should be output from the instruction device in the power system 30 (step S102: No), the output control unit 120 continues the control of the reactive power and the active power within the allowable range set by the setting unit 110 (step S101).

[0069] In a case where the receiving unit 130 receives the exceeding output instruction that means the reactive power exceeding the allowable range should be output from the instruction device in the power system 30 (step S102: Yes), the output control unit 120 outputs the reactive power outside the allowable range as illustrated (step S103). At this time, in a case where the receiving unit 130 receives the exceeding output instruction, the output control unit 120 can maintain the active power supplied to the power system 30 and increase the reactive power supplied to the power system 30. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the reduction of the acquisition equivalent regarding the active power. Figure 3

[0070] The power detection unit 210 in the equivalent calculation device 200 acquires power information. The power detection unit 210 detects the electric energy of the reactive power supplied to the power system 30 by the control device 100. The equivalent calculation unit 220 calculates the exceeding electric energy of the reactive power exceeding the allowable range based on the detection result of the electric energy from the power detection unit 210 (step S104). The exceeding electric energy is the electric energy (Var·sec) obtained by time-integrating (accumulating) the exceeding power D2 (refer to FIG. 2) of the reactive power exceeding the allowable range. Figure 3

[0071] The equivalent calculation unit 220 calculates the equivalent paid to each administrator of the control devices 100-1 and 100-2 based on the exceeding electric energy of the reactive power exceeding the allowable range (step S105). The notification unit 230 notifies the information of the calculated equivalent to the electric power company (step S106). Specifically, the notification unit 230 can notify the calculated equivalent to at least one of the terminal device of the system administrator of the power system 30 and the terminal device of the administrator of the distributed power source. As a result, the power generation operator can receive the payment of the equivalent from the electric power company (step S107). The power generation operator can be the administrator of the control device 100.

[0072] In a case where the receiving unit 130 receives the exceeding output instruction that means the reactive power exceeding the allowable range should be output from the instruction device in the power system 30 (step S102: Yes), the output control unit 120 outputs the reactive power outside the allowable range as illustrated (step S103). At this time, in a case where the receiving unit 130 receives the exceeding output instruction, the output control unit 120 can maintain the active power supplied to the power system 30 and increase the reactive power supplied to the power system 30. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the reduction of the acquisition equivalent regarding the active power. Figure 8 ​​The following situation is shown in the processing: In steps S104 and S105, the excess power D2 (refer to) is based on the reactive power output exceeding the allowable range S. Figure 3 The equivalence is calculated based on the excess energy obtained by integrating the excess energy. Alternatively, the equivalence calculation unit 220 can also calculate equivalence based on the increased energy obtained by increasing reactive power according to the excess output command. The increased energy is the amount of reactive power increase D1 obtained after increasing reactive power according to the excess output command (refer to...). Figure 3 Electrical energy (Var·second) obtained by time integration (accumulation).

[0073] With an increase in reactive power, the consumption of the control device 100 increases accordingly. Therefore, by calculating the equivalent based on the increase in electrical energy (Var·second), the consumption of the control device 100 that outputs reactive power can be compensated.

[0074] Figure 9 This diagram illustrates other examples of processing steps in a power system. The processing of steps S201 and S202 is similar to... Figure 8 The processes in steps S101 and S102 are the same. Therefore, repeated explanations are omitted.

[0075] The output control unit 120 determines whether the apparent power when reactive power is increased according to the output command exceeds the maximum power that can be supplied to the power system 30 (step S203). If the apparent power when reactive power is increased exceeds the maximum power that can be supplied to the power system 30 (step S203: Yes), the active power is decreased and the reactive power is increased (step S204). Specifically, as follows... Figure 4 As shown, when the output command is issued, reactive power Q is provided. t Under the instruction, the active power P is reduced until it becomes the reactive power Q. t The straight line intersects P with the circle representing the maximum apparent power. t Therefore, within the range of the maximum apparent power, the output control unit 120 can provide reactive power to the power system 30 based on the output command (step S205).

[0076] If the apparent power when increasing reactive power does not exceed the maximum power that can be supplied to the power system 30 (step S203: No), the output control unit 120 outputs reactive power outside the allowable range (step S205). The processing of steps S205 to S209 is similar to... Figure 8 The processes in steps S103 to S107 are the same. Therefore, repeated explanations are omitted.

[0077] according to Figure 9If the amount of supplied reactive power is increased while maintaining the active power, the apparent power exceeds the maximum power, and in this case, the reactive power can be increased in accordance with the excess output command. Thus, the voltage stabilization of the power system 30 can be facilitated. In this case, the equivalent with respect to the reactive power can be calculated based on the increase in the electric energy (Var·sec) of the reactive power or the excess electric energy (Var·sec) of the reactive power. Thus, the consumption of the control device 100 that outputs the reactive power can be covered, and the voltage stabilization of the power system 30 can be facilitated.

[0078] Figure 10 FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating another example of a power system. In the power system 2, Figure 1 The power system 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 is added with a notification device 300. The power system 2 includes a plurality of control devices 100-1 and 100-2 and a notification device 300 that notifies each of the control devices 100-1 and 100-2 of an excess output command. The number of the control devices 100-1 and 100-2 can be three or more.

[0079] The notification device 300 can be a command device that is provided in a power system and transmits an excess output command that means that the reactive power should be output beyond the allowable range, and can be a device that collectively manages a plurality of distributed power sources. For example, the notification device 300 can be a device that is an aggregator of an operator who controls the balance between a power company and a demander in demand response (DR) that controls the amount of demand of the demander and maintains the balance between the demand and the supply of power. In a case where the notification device 300 is not the command device itself, the notification device 300 can receive the excess output command from the command device and notify the control devices 100-1 and 100-2 of each of the distributed power sources 20-1 and 20-2 of the excess output command.

[0080] The notification device 300 can set the reactive power to be output by each of the distributed power sources 20-1 and 20-2 based on the active power supplied to the power system by each of the distributed power sources 20-1 and 20-2. For example, the notification device 300 can preferentially increase the reactive power of the distributed power source 20-1 that can increase the amount of the reactive power more than the other distributed power source 20-2 in a range in which the active power supplied to the power system 30 is not reduced. The preferential increase in the reactive power can include a case where the amount of increase in the reactive power is allocated more to the distributed power source 20-1 that has a higher priority than the other distributed power source 20-2. A plurality of distributed power sources can be selected in order of priority from high to low, and the reactive power from each of the selected distributed power sources 20 can be increased to the maximum limit (a state in which the apparent power becomes the maximum power).

[0081] The notification device 300 can further set the reactive power to be output by each of the distributed power sources 20-1 and 20-2 based on the current reactive power. In addition, the notification device 300 can further set the reactive power to be output by each of the distributed power sources 20-1 and 20-2 based on the capacity determined by the thickness of the wiring and the like. The notification device 300 can give priority to the distributed power source 20 whose power factor is close to 1 to increase the reactive power. In the case where the power factor is close to 1, the margin for increasing the reactive power is greater than in the case where the power factor is close to 0. Alternatively, the notification device 300 can give priority to the distributed power source 20-1 whose current apparent power is smaller than that of the other distributed power source 20-2 to increase the reactive power. In addition, the notification device 300 can give priority to the distributed power source 20-1 whose predicted value of the output fluctuation due to weather and the like is smaller than that of the other distributed power source 20-2 to increase the reactive power.

[0082] The notification device 300 can give priority to the distributed power source 20-1 whose capacity of the connected electric wire is greater than that of the other distributed power source 20-2 to increase the reactive power. Thereby, the voltage fluctuation due to the fluctuation of the reactive power becomes smaller. The notification device 300 can give priority to the distributed power source 20-1 whose margin of the current voltage with respect to the voltage allowable range is greater than that of the other distributed power source 20-2 to increase the reactive power.

[0083] In the case where a plurality of distributed power sources 20-1 and 20-2 and control devices 100-1 and 100-2 are included, the reactive power to be output from each of the distributed power sources 20-1 and 20-2 (the control devices 100-1 and 100-2) to the power system 30 can be set based on the above-described various viewpoints.

[0084] Figure 11 is an example indicating the entirety of the plurality of modes of the present application or having the computer 2200 embodied. Figure 11 One example of the hardware structure of the computer 2200 functioning as the equivalent computing device 200 is shown. In addition, a plurality of computers can function cooperatively as the equivalent computing device 200.

[0085] The computer 2200 according to the present embodiment includes a CPU peripheral portion having a CPU 2212, a RAM 2214, a graphic controller 2216, and a display device 2218 connected to each other by a host controller 2210, an input / output portion having a communication interface 2222, a hard disk drive 2224, and a DVD-ROM drive 2226 connected to the host controller 2210 by an input / output controller 2220, and a legacy input / output portion having a ROM 2230 and an input / output chip 2240 connected to the input / output controller 2220.

[0086] The main controller 2210 connects the RAM 2214, the CPU 2212 that accesses the RAM 2214 at a high transfer rate, and the graphics controller 2216. The CPU 2212 acts based on a program stored in the ROM 2230 and the RAM 2214, thereby performing control of each section. The graphics controller 2216 acquires image data generated on a frame buffer set in the RAM 2214 by the CPU 2212 or the like, and displays on the display device 2218. Alternatively, the graphics controller 2216 can also include a frame buffer that stores image data generated by the CPU 2212 or the like, inside.

[0087] The input / output controller 2220 connects the main controller 2210, the communication interface 2222 that is a higher-speed input / output device, the hard disk drive 2224, and the DVD drive 2226. The communication interface 2222 communicates with other devices via a network. The hard disk drive 2224 stores a program and data used by the CPU 2212 in the computer 2200. The DVD drive 2226 reads a program or data from the DVD-ROM 2201, and provides to the hard disk drive 2224 via the RAM 2214.

[0088] Further, the input / output controller 2220 is connected to lower-speed input / output devices of the ROM 2230 and the input / output chip 2240. The ROM 2230 stores a boot program executed at the time of startup of the computer 2200, and / or a program dependent on the hardware of the computer 2200, and the like. The input / output chip 2240 connects various input / output units to the input / output controller 2220, for example, via a keyboard port, a mouse port, and the like that connect a parallel port, a serial port, a keyboard 2242.

[0089] A program provided to the hard disk drive 2224 via the RAM 2214 is stored in the DVD-ROM 2201 or a recording medium such as an IC card, and is provided by a user. The program is read out from the recording medium, installed to the hard disk drive 2224 in the computer 2200 via the RAM 2214, and executed in the CPU 2212. The program is installed to the computer 2200, and the computer 2200 functions as each structure of the equivalent computing device 200.

[0090] An information process described in the program is read by the computer 2200, and functions as a specific unit of software in cooperation with the various hardware resources described above, that is, at least a part of the power detection section 210, the equivalent computing section 220, and the notification section 230. Further, by realizing an operation or processing of information corresponding to the purpose of use of the computer 2200 in the present embodiment, a specific equivalent computing device 200 corresponding to the purpose of use is constructed using the specific unit.

[0091] As one example, in a case where communication is performed between the computer 2200 and an external device or the like, the CPU 2212 executes a communication program loaded on the RAM 2214, and instructs the communication interface 2222 to perform communication processing based on the processing contents described in the communication program. The communication interface 2222 accepts the control of the CPU 2212, reads transmission data stored in a transmission buffer area or the like provided on a storage device such as the RAM 2214, the hard disk drive 2224, or the DVD-ROM 2201, and transmits to a network, or writes reception data received from the network to a reception buffer area or the like provided on the storage device. Thus, the communication interface 2222 can transfer the transmission / reception data between the storage device using a DMA (Direct Memory Access) method, or instead, the CPU 2212 can read the data from the storage device or the communication interface 2222 as a transmission source, and transfer the transmission / reception data by writing the data to the communication interface 2222 or the storage device as a transmission destination.

[0092] Further, the CPU 2212 reads all or a required part of a file or a database or the like stored in an external storage device such as the hard disk drive 2224 and the DVD drive 2226 (DVD-ROM 2201) into the RAM 2214 using a DMA transfer or the like, and performs various processing on the data on the RAM 2214. Then, the CPU 2212 writes the data on which the processing has ended back to the external storage device using a DMA transfer or the like. In the above processing, the RAM 2214 can be regarded as a device that temporarily holds the contents of the external storage device, and thus, in the present embodiment, the RAM 2214 and the external storage device or the like are collectively referred to as a memory, a storage, or a storage device or the like. Various programs, data, tables, databases, and various information in the present embodiment are stored on the above storage device, and become the objects of information processing. In addition, the CPU 2212 can hold a part of the RAM 2214 as a cache memory, and perform read and write on the cache memory. In the above manner, the cache memory also assumes a part of the function of the RAM 2214, and thus, in the present embodiment, the cache memory is included in the RAM 2214, the memory, and / or the storage device, except for cases where distinction is required.

[0093] In addition, the CPU 2212 performs various processing on the data read out from the RAM 2214, including various operations, processing of information, condition determination, search / replacement of information, and the like described in the present embodiment, which are specified by a command sequence of a program, and writes to the RAM 2214. For example, in a case where condition determination is performed, the CPU 2212 determines whether various variables shown in the present embodiment satisfy conditions such as greater than, less than, equal to, or the like compared to other variables or constants, and branches to different command sequences or calls a subprogram in a case where the conditions are satisfied (or not satisfied).

[0094] Further, the CPU 2212 can search for information stored in a file or a database or the like in the storage device. For example, in a case where a plurality of entries in which attribute values of the first attribute are respectively associated with attribute values of the second attribute are stored in the storage device, the CPU 2212 searches for an entry that matches a condition in which an attribute value of the first attribute is specified from among the plurality of entries stored in the storage device, and reads out the attribute value of the second attribute stored in the entry, thereby being able to obtain the attribute value of the second attribute that is associated with the first attribute that satisfies the prescribed condition.

[0095] The programs or modules shown above can be stored in an external recording medium. As the recording medium, in addition to the DVD-ROM 2201, an optical recording medium such as a DVD, a Blue-ray (registered trademark), or a CD, a magneto-optical recording medium such as an MO, a tape medium, a flexible disk, a semiconductor memory such as an IC card, or the like can be used. Further, a storage device such as a hard disk or a RAM provided in a server system connected to a dedicated communication network or the Internet can be used as the recording medium, and the programs can be provided to the computer 2200 via the network.

[0096] The present application has been described above using embodiments, but the technical scope of the present application is not limited to the scope described in the above embodiments. It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes or improvements can be made to the above-described embodiments. It is understood that the embodiments made by such changes or improvements are also included in the technical scope of the present application.

[0097] Note that the order of execution of each process of the devices, systems, programs, and methods shown in the claims, the description, and the drawings is not particularly limited to "before," "prior to," and the like as long as the order of execution is not particularly specified, and as long as the output of a preceding process is not used for a subsequent process. In the flow of actions in the claims, the description, and the drawings, "first," "then," and the like are used for convenience of explanation, but do not necessarily mean that the actions are performed in this order.

[0098] Label Explanation

[0099] 1 power system,

[0100] 20 distributed power source,

[0101] 30 power system,

[0102] 32 interconnection point,

[0103] 34 system power source,

[0104] 36 load,

[0105] 100 control device,

[0106] 102 power regulator,

[0107] 110 setting section,

[0108] 120 output control section,

[0109] 130 reception section,

[0110] 200 equivalence calculation device,

[0111] 210 power detection section,

[0112] 220 equivalence calculation section,

[0113] 230 notification section,

[0114] 300 notification device,

[0115] 2200 computer,

[0116] 2201 DVD-ROM,

[0117] 2210 main controller,

[0118] 2212 CPU,

[0119] 2214 RAM,

[0120] 2216 graphics controller,

[0121] 2218 display device,

[0122] 2220 input / output controller,

[0123] 2222 communication interface,

[0124] 2224 hard disk drive,

[0125] 2226 DVD drive,

[0126] 2230 ROM,

[0127] 2240 input / output chip,

[0128] 2242 keyboard.

Claims

1. A control device, This control device controls distributed power sources connected to the power system, characterized in that... include: The range setting unit sets the allowable range of reactive power and active power output under normal conditions. An output control unit controls the reactive power and active power supplied to the power system from the distributed power source within the allowable range set by the range setting unit. as well as The receiving unit receives from the command device of the power system an over-output command indicating that the reactive power should be output beyond the allowable range. When the receiving unit receives the output command exceeding the allowable range, the output control unit outputs the reactive power that is outside the allowable range. When the receiving unit receives the over-output command, the output control unit maintains the active power supplied to the power system within a range below a predetermined maximum power value when the apparent power at which the reactive power is increased according to the over-output command is below the maximum power value. It also increases the reactive power supplied to the power system. The range setting unit sets the power factor ranges for the reactive power and the active power as the allowable range. When the receiving unit receives the output command exceeding the power factor range, the output control unit outputs the reactive power outside the power factor range.

2. A control device, This control device controls distributed power sources connected to the power system, characterized in that... include: The range setting unit sets the allowable range of reactive power and active power output under normal conditions. An output control unit controls the reactive power and active power supplied to the power system from the distributed power source within the allowable range set by the range setting unit. as well as The receiving unit receives from the command device of the power system an over-output command indicating that the reactive power should be output beyond the allowable range. When the receiving unit receives the output command exceeding the allowable range, the output control unit outputs the reactive power that is outside the allowable range. If, according to the output command, the apparent power exceeds a predetermined maximum power value, and the apparent power is below the predetermined maximum power value, then, within the range where the apparent power is below the predetermined maximum power value, the active power is reduced and the reactive power is increased. The range setting unit sets the power factor ranges for the reactive power and the active power as the allowable range. When the receiving unit receives the output command exceeding the power factor range, the output control unit outputs the reactive power outside the power factor range.

3. The control device as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, It further includes a power conditioner that accepts power from the distributed power source and outputs power to the power system. The maximum power output of the power regulator is greater than the maximum power output of the distributed power supply.

4. An equivalent calculation device, characterized in that, It includes an equivalence calculation unit that calculates the equivalent amount paid to the administrator of the control device based on the electrical energy of the reactive power provided to the power system by the control device as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. The equivalent calculation device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, It further includes a power detection unit that detects the electrical energy of the reactive power supplied to the power system by the control device.

6. The equivalent calculation device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The equivalence calculation unit calculates the equivalence based on the excess electrical energy of the reactive power output exceeding the allowable range.

7. The equivalent calculation device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The equivalence calculation unit calculates the equivalence based on the increased electrical energy obtained by increasing the reactive power according to the output command.

8. The equivalent calculation device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The equivalence calculation unit further calculates the equivalence paid for the reactive power based on the equivalence paid for the active power.

9. An electric power system, characterized in that, include: Multiple control devices as described in any one of claims 1 to 3; as well as The notification device that exceeds the output command is notified to each of the control devices.

10. The power system as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The notification device sets the reactive power output of each of the distributed power sources based on the active power supplied to the power system by each of the distributed power sources.

11. The power system as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The notification device prioritizes the increase of reactive power by the distributed power source that can increase reactive power by a greater amount than other distributed power sources, within the range where the active power supplied to the power system is not reduced.

12. A computer-readable recording medium, The computer-readable recording medium records a program that, when executed using a computer, causes the computer to perform steps to calculate the equivalent payment to the administrator of the control device based on the reactive power of electrical energy supplied to the power system by the control device, characterized in that... The control device controls distributed power sources connected to the power system and includes: The range setting unit sets the allowable range of reactive power and active power output under normal conditions. An output control unit controls the reactive power and active power supplied to the power system from the distributed power source within the allowable range set by the range setting unit; and A receiving unit receives an over-output command from a command device in the power system, indicating that the reactive power should be output beyond the allowable range. Upon receiving the over-output command, the output control unit outputs the reactive power exceeding the allowable range. When the receiving unit receives the over-output command, the output control unit maintains the active power supplied to the power system within a range below a predetermined maximum power value when the apparent power at which the reactive power is increased according to the over-output command is below the maximum power value. It also increases the reactive power supplied to the power system. The range setting unit sets the power factor ranges for the reactive power and the active power as the allowable range. When the receiving unit receives the output command exceeding the power factor range, the output control unit outputs the reactive power outside the power factor range.

13. The computer-readable recording medium as described in claim 12, characterized in that, When the program is executed using a computer, the computer performs the step of detecting the reactive power electrical energy supplied to the power system by the control device.

14. A computer-readable recording medium, The computer-readable recording medium records a program that, when executed using a computer, causes the computer to perform steps to calculate the equivalent payment to the administrator of the control device based on the reactive power of electrical energy supplied to the power system by the control device, characterized in that... The control device controls distributed power sources connected to the power system and includes: The range setting unit sets the allowable range of reactive power and active power output under normal conditions. An output control unit controls the reactive power and active power supplied to the power system from the distributed power source within the allowable range set by the range setting unit; and A receiving unit receives an over-output command from a command device in the power system, indicating that the reactive power should be output beyond the allowable range. Upon receiving the over-output command, the output control unit outputs the reactive power exceeding the allowable range. If, according to the output command, the apparent power exceeds a predetermined maximum power value, and the apparent power is below the predetermined maximum power value, then, within the range where the apparent power is below the predetermined maximum power value, the active power is reduced and the reactive power is increased. The range setting unit sets the power factor ranges for the reactive power and the active power as the allowable range. When the receiving unit receives the output command exceeding the power factor range, the output control unit outputs the reactive power outside the power factor range.

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