An ecological silt interception device for farmland ditches and a maintenance method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses an ecological interception sedimentation device for farmland ditches and a maintenance method thereof, comprising a permeable dam and a sedimentation assembly; the permeable dam is placed in the ditch, the permeable dam is a hollow box structure, and an adsorbent material is contained inside; the permeable dam has water permeability along the water flow direction; the sedimentation assembly is located upstream of the permeable dam, and is arranged close to the permeable dam, and comprises a sedimentation bottom plate and a sedimentation bag, the sedimentation bottom plate is provided with a sedimentation bag, and the sedimentation bag is connected with a sedimentation bag hanging rope, and the sedimentation bag hanging rope extends beyond the ditch water surface. The present invention designs an ecological interception sedimentation device with a simple structure and convenient later maintenance, so that it has a long-term and stable interception and purification effect, the permeable dam has the advantages of light weight, easy production, and controllable cost, etc., and optimizes the structure of the sedimentation pool so that the sedimentation can be cleaned only by dragging the pull rope of the device, which not only reduces the construction workload of the sedimentation pool, but also realizes the rapid cleaning of the sediment in the sedimentation pool.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water pollution control and ecological restoration, and in particular to an ecological sludge interception device for farmland ditches and a maintenance method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential elements to ensure crop growth. In order to meet the food demand of the increasing population and pursue sufficient economic benefits, farmers often apply excessive nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in actual agricultural product production. However, with the increase in the amount of fertilizer applied, the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus continues to decline. The utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in my country is generally below 30%. Excessive nitrogen and phosphorus are not linearly reflected in the increase in yield, but remain in the soil in large quantities. These nitrogen and phosphorus elements remaining in the soil are very likely to enter the drainage ditches with the surface runoff of farmland generated by rainfall, and eventually flow into rivers and lakes along the drainage ditches, causing serious agricultural non-point source pollution. Agricultural non-point source pollutants have become the focus and difficulty of water environment protection. As an important part of farmland water conservancy facilities, farmland ditches are responsible for draining waterlogging and reducing salinity, ensuring high and stable agricultural yields, and are also the main channels for agricultural non-point source pollution to flow to rivers, ponds, reservoirs and other water bodies. Setting up blocking devices in farmland ditches can retain, absorb, fix or transfer pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland through various means such as natural sedimentation of pollutants, sediment interception and adsorption, absorption by animals and plants, and degradation and transformation by microorganisms. This can effectively reduce the transfer and spread of agricultural non-point source pollution and have a significant effect on the prevention and control of water pollution.

[0003] Existing ecological interception sedimentation devices are generally single-purpose blocking devices. For example, one type of blocking device is a permeable dam, which is composed of fillers, emergent plants, and external fixing materials. It uses denitrification and phosphorus removal fillers to filter and adsorb nitrogen and phosphorus elements in ditch water. Since the interception effect of denitrification and phosphorus removal fillers decays with the use time, they need to be replaced regularly. However, the existing permeable dams are not specifically designed for filler replacement, and it is troublesome to replace fillers. Another type of blocking device is a sedimentation tank. The existing traditional sedimentation tank is a pit formed by concrete enclosure at the end of the ditch. The water flow is slowed down through the pit to settle the sediment at the bottom of the tank. However, the size of the traditional sedimentation tank is fixed, and the sedimentation effect decreases with the increase of water flow. When the water flow is large, it often also carries a large amount of sediment. Therefore, the traditional sedimentation tank is less effective in adapting to changes in water flow. In addition, the sediment deposited in the traditional sedimentation tank can only be handled by manual excavation, which is difficult to operate. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ecological interception sedimentation device for farmland ditches and a maintenance method thereof, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art. In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the present invention provides an ecological interception sedimentation device for farmland ditches and a maintenance method thereof.

[0005] An ecological sediment interception device for farmland ditches, comprising a permeable dam and a sediment assembly; the permeable dam is placed in the ditch, fits with both sides and the bottom of the ditch, and the top extends out of the ditch water surface; the permeable dam is a hollow box structure, and an adsorption material is contained inside; a plurality of permeable holes are arranged on the side of the permeable dam perpendicular to the water flow direction, so that the permeable dam has water permeability along the water flow direction; the sediment assembly is located upstream of the permeable dam, and is arranged close to the permeable dam, and comprises a sedimentation bottom plate and a sedimentation bag, the sedimentation bottom plate is placed at the bottom of the ditch, a sedimentation bag is arranged on the sedimentation bottom plate, a sedimentation bag is connected to the sedimentation bag with a sedimentation bag hanging rope, and the sedimentation bag hanging rope extends beyond the ditch water surface.

[0006] As one of the preferred solutions, the water permeability of the permeable dam increases gradually from bottom to top.

[0007] As one of the preferred solutions, the distribution density of the water-permeable holes on the side of the water-permeable dam increases from bottom to top or the aperture of the water-permeable holes increases from bottom to top.

[0008] As one of the preferred solutions, the packing density of the adsorption material contained in the internal cavity of the permeable dam decreases from bottom to top or the porosity of the adsorption material increases from bottom to top.

[0009] As one of the preferred solutions, the permeable dam includes a plurality of permeable dam components, and two adjacent permeable dam components are fixedly connected to each other to form an integral permeable dam, and the permeable dam components are made of fiberglass.

[0010] As one of the preferred solutions, the interior of the permeable dam is divided into several small areas by fiberglass reinforced plastic fences.

[0011] As one of the preferred schemes, the adsorption material contained in the internal cavity of the permeable dam is arranged in an adsorption material bag, and the adsorption material bag is a bag or box-shaped object with good water permeability. The adsorption material bag is connected to an adsorption material bag hanging rope, and the adsorption material bag hanging rope extends to the outside of the permeable dam.

[0012] As one of the preferred solutions, the permeable dam assembly is inclined toward one or both sides of the ditch on the side parallel to the water flow direction.

[0013] As one of the preferred solutions, a water retaining member is provided at one end of the sludge bottom plate away from the permeable dam, and the water retaining member is fixed on the sludge bottom plate and has a height higher than the sludge bag.

[0014] As one of the preferred schemes, two hanging rods are arranged outside the water surface above the silt bottom plate, and the hanging rods are fixed by pillars fixed at the bottom of the ditch or outside the ditch; the silt bag is provided with a tight draw rope at the bag mouth; two silt bag hanging ropes are arranged opposite to each other at the opening of the silt bag; the silt bag hanging rope is connected to the tight draw rope at the bag mouth of the silt bag; the silt bottom plate hanging rope is connected to the silt bottom plate, and the silt bottom plate hanging rope extends beyond the water surface of the ditch; the silt bag hanging rope and the silt bottom plate hanging rope are fixed to the hanging rod after extending out of the water surface.

[0015] A maintenance method for an ecological silt interception device for farmland ditches, comprising the following steps: Step 1, pulling the adsorption material bag hanging rope out of the permeable dam by human or mechanical force; concentrating the silt bag hanging rope on the fixed hanging rod to one side of the ditch by human or mechanical force, and pulling the silt bag hanging rope by human or mechanical force to pull the silt bag out of the water surface; Step 2, replacing the adsorption material in the adsorption material bag; cleaning the silt bag; if the taken out silt bag is completely full, pulling the silt bottom plate hanging rope by human or mechanical force to pull the silt bottom plate out of the water surface for cleaning, and after cleaning, placing the silt bottom plate to the bottom of the ditch by human or mechanical force; Step 3, using the adsorption material bag hanging rope and the silt bag hanging rope, under the action of human or mechanical force, respectively place the adsorption material bag and the silt bag in the permeable dam and on the silt bottom plate.

[0016] The present invention designs an ecological interception and sedimentation device which has good blocking effect on agricultural non-point source pollutants, can adapt to changes in ditch water flow, has a simple structure and is easy to maintain in the later stage, so that it has a long-term and stable interception and purification effect.

[0017] The ecological interception sedimentation device of this scheme integrates the functions of traditional permeable dams and sedimentation pools, and can assist in sedimentation with the help of the water blocking effect of the permeable dam; it is convenient to remove the sediment deposited upstream of the traditional permeable dam, and improve the maintenance cycle and service life of the permeable dam; the permeable dam can be designed with variable permeability to adapt to the effect of water flow changes on the adsorption effect of the permeable dam adsorption material and the sedimentation effect of the sedimentation device. The assembled permeable dam made of fiberglass has the advantages of light weight, easy production and promotion, and controllable cost. The corresponding number and shape of permeable dam components can be selected according to the needs of the site for on-site assembly, and the installation process is simple and quick.

[0018] When filling the adsorbent material in the permeable dam, the adsorbent material is packaged and then filled into the corresponding grid of the permeable dam to avoid the loss of the adsorbent material under the erosion of running water. When the ecological benefit of the adsorbent material decays, the adsorbent material can be taken out to facilitate replacement with new adsorbent material.

[0019] The structure of the sedimentation tank has been optimized to replace the traditional sinking sedimentation tank, which reduces the construction workload of the sedimentation tank and also enables rapid cleaning of the sediment in the sedimentation tank.

[0020] Planting plants on the adsorption material of the permeable dam can reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus elements retained in the adsorption material through plant growth and absorption, which can extend the replacement cycle of the adsorption material. It also plays a certain safety warning role to prevent people from crossing the ditch through the permeable dam and damaging the permeable dam.

[0021] In order to make the concept and other purposes, advantages, features and functions of the present invention more clearly understood, preferred embodiments will be specifically cited in the following specific implementation manner and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 is a front schematic diagram of a permeable dam according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the top surface of a permeable dam according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 is a front schematic diagram of a permeable dam according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a sludge tank according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a single sludge bag maintenance process according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the top surface of a permeable dam according to another embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] As attached Figure 1 , 2, the present invention relates to an ecological interception sedimentation device for farmland ditches and its maintenance method, comprising a permeable dam 1 and a sedimentation assembly 2. The permeable dam 1 is placed in the ditch, fits with both sides and the bottom of the ditch, and the top extends out of the ditch water surface; the sedimentation assembly 2 is located upstream of the permeable dam 1 and is set close to the permeable dam. The permeable dam 1 has a water permeability along the water flow direction (attached Figure 1 The “→” arrow in the figure indicates the direction of water flow); the permeable dam 1 is a hollow box structure, and the permeable dam 1 contains adsorption materials; a plurality of permeable holes are arranged on the side of the permeable dam 1 perpendicular to the direction of water flow to realize the permeable ability of the permeable dam 1 along the direction of water flow.

[0032] The water permeability of the permeable dam 1 increases from bottom to top, which can give full play to the sedimentation and nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption effects of the permeable dam when the ditch water level is low, and can also reduce the risk of dam breach and flooding caused by rising water levels. The technical means used to achieve this effect can be one or a combination of the following means:

[0033] ① The distribution density of permeable holes on the side of the permeable dam 1 increases from bottom to top;

[0034] ② The diameter of the upper permeable hole on the side of the permeable dam 1 is set to be larger than the diameter of the lower permeable hole;

[0035] ③ The bulk density of the adsorption material contained in the permeable dam 1 decreases from bottom to top;

[0036] ④ The porosity of the adsorption material contained in the permeable dam 1 increases from bottom to top.

[0037] Weaker water permeability is beneficial to the adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus elements contained in ditch water flow; stronger water permeability can reduce the pressure of water flow on the permeable dam structure, which is beneficial to extending the service life of the permeable dam and maintaining the drainage effect of the ditch under large flow conditions.

[0038] As attached Figure 2 , 3 As shown, the permeable dam 1 includes a plurality of permeable dam components 10, and two adjacent permeable dam components 10 are fixedly connected to each other to form an integral permeable dam 1, and the permeable dam components 10 are made of fiberglass reinforced plastic.

[0039] The permeable dam components 10 designed and manufactured in a standardized manner are used in series to construct the permeable dam, which is convenient for adapting to different ditch cross-sectional shapes and sizes, avoiding the need to design each ecological interception and sedimentation device individually, and is conducive to improving production and promotion efficiency. Figure 2 , 4 As shown, each permeable dam 1 can be composed of a plurality of permeable dam components 10 of different shapes to cope with different ditch shapes.

[0040] As attached Figure 3 As shown, two layers of permeable dam components 10 are arranged parallel to the water flow direction, and one or more layers may also be arranged, depending on the actual situation of the ditch.

[0041] As attached Figure 7 As shown, an integrated permeable dam 1 can be used for smaller ditches. The integrated permeable dam 1 is made of fiberglass. The interior of the integrated permeable dam 1 is divided into several small areas by fiberglass fences 1G, and the middle is used to load adsorption material bags (not shown in the drawings).

[0042] As attached Figure 2 As shown, the adsorbent material contained in the internal cavity of the permeable dam assembly 10 is filled into the adsorbent material bag 11, which is a sack or other bag-shaped or box-shaped object with good water permeability, such as a sack, a net bag, a plastic box with through holes on the side, etc. The adsorbent material filled therein is a denitrification phosphorus removal matrix, which can be a combination of one or more materials such as broken bricks, ceramsite, activated carbon, volcanic stone, perlite, struvite, etc., and different materials are selected according to the pollutant characteristics of the ditch to reduce the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the ditch water body, slow down the water flow speed, and intercept the sediment on the upstream side of the water flow. For ditches with more serious pollution, it is possible to consider adding microbial agents to promote the restoration of the self-repair ability of the water body.

[0043] The adsorption material needs to be replaced regularly to ensure that the ecological interception sludge system has a relatively considerable nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency; the used adsorption material can be used as a crop planting matrix or processed and reused.

[0044] For easy removal, the adsorption material bag 11 is connected with an adsorption material bag hanging rope 11a, and the adsorption material bag hanging rope 11a extends to the outside of the dam body of the permeable dam 1. Generally, the adsorption material bag hanging rope 11a is fixed to the top of the permeable dam 1. When replacing, the adsorption material bag 11 can be conveniently removed by pulling the adsorption material bag hanging rope 11a.

[0045] In order to further reduce the labor intensity when replacing the adsorption material, the permeable dam assembly 10 is inclined at the side parallel to the water flow direction, that is, it is at an acute angle or an obtuse angle with the horizontal plane and is inclined toward one side or both sides of the ditch.

[0046] As attached Figure 2 As shown, for a "three-sided smooth" ditch with three sides made of concrete, a large water flow or other occasions requiring the permeable dam 1 to be more firmly fixed, the permeable dam 1 includes a concrete base 12 for achieving good fixation of the permeable dam 1 and the ditch. Figure 4As shown, a fixed cross bar 12a is provided outside the permeable dam 1 on the side perpendicular to the water flow direction, and the fixed cross bar 12a is fixed to the concrete base 12, which can effectively improve the strength of the permeable dam 1 to cope with the water flow. If a short-term flood impact occurs under extreme precipitation conditions, in order to meet the need for sufficient flood discharge and protect the permeable dam 1, the permeable dam assembly 10 can also be pulled up together with the adsorption material bag 11 for other interception purposes.

[0047] In some cases, such as when the ditch width is narrow and the ditch side is a soft interface such as soil, when the permeable dam 1 is constructed by the permeable dam assembly 10, the side of the permeable dam 1 can adapt to the inclined arrangement of the ditch slope, and then it can be used through simple reinforcement. There is no need to use concrete curing to build the permeable dam, which can further reduce the construction cost of the permeable dam and facilitate its promotion and use.

[0048] As attached Figure 4 As shown, a plant 13 is planted on the top of the permeable dam assembly 10. The plant 13 absorbs the nitrogen and phosphorus matrix adsorbed in the permeable dam adsorption material during its growth process, which is beneficial to reduce the retention of nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the adsorption material, thereby extending the service life of the adsorption material; in addition, appropriately planting some plants has a certain effect of beautifying the ditch and plays a certain role in safety warning to avoid trampling. The sediment assembly 2 is located upstream of the permeable dam 1, and the sediment assembly 2 plays a key role in collecting sediment in the ecological interception sediment system. The sedimentation component 2 is arranged close to the permeable dam 1, and the water blocking capacity of the permeable dam 1 can be used to fully collect the sediment. Moreover, the permeable dam 1 with a gradient change in the water permeability in the height direction can obtain a better water blocking capacity and a corresponding sedimentation effect when the flow rate of the ditch water changes. That is, the permeable dam 1 can fully slow down the water flow under a small flow rate to allow the sediment to settle fully. The permeable dam 1 can produce a better slowing effect of slowing down the water flow to allow the sediment to settle while ensuring water safety under a large flow rate, solving the technical problem of poor sedimentation effect caused by insufficient water flow slowing in the traditional separately set sedimentation pool under a large flow rate. Since the permeable dam 1 has a water blocking effect and a natural sedimentation effect in the incoming flow direction, the sediment deposited on the upstream side of the permeable dam 1 will weaken the filtering effect of the permeable dam; the sedimentation component 2 is arranged close to the permeable dam 1 to facilitate the comprehensive treatment of the sediment deposited on the incoming flow side of the permeable dam 1.

[0049] As attached Figure 1 , Figure 5 As shown (attached Figure 1 , 5 , 6, the “→” arrow indicates the direction of water flow), the silt assembly 2 includes a silt bottom plate 21, a silt bag 22, a column 23, a hanging rod 24, a silt bottom plate hanging rope 25, a silt bag hanging rope 26, and a water retaining plate 27.

[0050] The silt bottom plate 21 is made of bamboo strips, which is light, environmentally friendly and inexpensive. It can also be made of durable and corrosion-resistant plastic material and placed at the bottom of the ditch during operation. A silt bag 22 is provided on the silt bottom plate 21, and a silt bag hanging rope 26 is connected to the silt bag 22. The silt bag hanging rope 26 extends beyond the ditch water surface. When cleaning the silt, the silt bag hanging rope 26 is pulled by human or mechanical force to take out the silt bag 22, and the silt can be cleaned.

[0051] The silt bottom plate 21 is connected with silt bottom plate hanging ropes 25, and the silt bottom plate hanging ropes 25 are four pieces fixed at the four corners of the silt bottom plate 21; the silt bottom plate hanging ropes 25 extend beyond the water surface of the ditch, and during on-site installation, later maintenance, etc., the silt bottom plate 21 can be raised or lowered by pulling the silt bottom hanging ropes 25.

[0052] A water retaining member 27 is provided at one end of the silt bottom plate 21 in the direction of the flow, away from the permeable dam 1. The water retaining member 27 is fixed on the silt bottom plate 21 and is higher than the silt bag 22 accumulated on the silt bottom plate 21. The water retaining member 27 can be enclosed with the permeable dam 1 to form a pit, preventing the sediment deposited with the water flow from spreading, which is beneficial to improving the siltation effect. Four columns 23 are provided on the outside of the four corners of the silt bottom plate 21. The columns 23 are fixed at the bottom of the ditch or outside the ditch. Hanging rods 24 are fixed on the two opposite columns 23 on both sides of the ditch. The silt bag hanging rope 26 and the silt bottom plate hanging rope 25 are fixed to the hanging rods 24 after extending out of the water.

[0053] As attached Figure 6 As shown, two silt bag hanging ropes 26 are arranged at the opening of the silt bag 22 and are fixed on two hanging rods 24 respectively. The silt bag hanging rope 26 is connected with the tight draw rope 22a arranged at the bag mouth of the silt bag 22 (label 22b is the bag body of the silt bag 22). When the silt bag 22 is placed, the tight draw rope 22a is loosened, and the opening of the silt bag 22 is placed on the silt floor 22, which is conducive to collecting the deposited silt. When cleaning the silt, pull the two silt bag hanging ropes 26 to drive the tight draw rope 22a to tighten the bag mouth of the silt bag 22, and then pull up the silt bag 22 to reduce the overflow of silt during the pulling process. The tight draw rope 22a is a prior art, and the specific structure is not involved in this application.

[0054] Since the silt bag hanging ropes 26 are all fixed to the hanging rods 24, during operation, it is only necessary to use a tool such as a wooden stick to push the rope buckles of the silt bag hanging ropes 26 to gather them to one side of the ditch, and the silt can be cleaned on one side of the ditch. This is suitable for scenes where the ditch is wide and people cannot easily step over it.

[0055] A complete maintenance method generally includes the following steps:

[0056] Step 1: Pull the adsorption material bag hanging rope 11a out of the permeable dam 1 by human or mechanical force; gather the sediment bag hanging rope 26 on the fixed hanging rod 24 to one side of the ditch by human or mechanical force, and pull the sediment bag hanging rope 26 out of the water surface by human or mechanical force;

[0057] Step 2, replace the adsorbent material in the adsorbent material bag 11a; clean the sediment bag 22; if the taken out sediment bag 22 is completely full, pull the sediment bottom plate 21 hanging rope by human or mechanical force to pull the sediment bottom plate out of the water surface for cleaning, and after cleaning, place the sediment bottom plate 21 to the bottom of the ditch by human or mechanical force;

[0058] Step 3: By means of the adsorption material bag hanging rope 11a and the sediment bag hanging rope 26, the adsorption material bag 11 and the sediment bag 22 are placed into the permeable dam 1 and on the sediment bottom plate 21 respectively under the action of human or mechanical force.

[0059] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0060] It should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms such as "install", "connect", "connect", "fix", "set" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0061] Certain words are used in the specification and claims of the present invention to refer to specific components. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that manufacturers may refer to the same component by different names. This document does not intend to distinguish between components that have the same function but different names. In the following specification and patent scope, the words "comprising", "having" and "including" are open-ended words and should be interpreted as "including but not limited to...".

[0062] In addition, it should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise stated, the meaning of "multiple" refers to two or more.

[0063] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that a person skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological interception and sedimentation device for farmland ditches, characterized in that: It includes a permeable dam and a sludge settling component; the permeable dam is placed in the ditch, fits with both sides and the bottom of the ditch, and the top extends out of the ditch water surface; the permeable dam is a hollow box structure, and the adsorption material is contained inside; A plurality of water-permeable holes are arranged on the side of the permeable dam perpendicular to the water flow direction, so that the permeable dam has water permeability along the water flow direction; the silt settling assembly is located upstream of the permeable dam and is arranged close to the permeable dam, and includes a silt settling bottom plate and a silt settling bag, the silt settling bottom plate is placed at the bottom of the ditch, a silt settling bag is arranged on the silt settling bottom plate, a silt settling bag hanging rope is connected to the silt settling bag, and the silt settling bag hanging rope extends beyond the water surface of the ditch; A water retaining member is arranged at one end of the sludge bottom plate away from the permeable dam. The water retaining member is fixed on the sludge bottom plate and has a height higher than the sludge bag.

2. According to claim 1, an ecological interception and sedimentation device for farmland ditches is characterized in that: The water permeability of the permeable dam increases gradually from bottom to top.

3. According to claim 2, an ecological interception and sedimentation device for farmland ditches is characterized in that: The distribution density of the water-permeable through holes on the side of the water-permeable dam increases from bottom to top, or the aperture of the water-permeable through holes increases from bottom to top.

4. The ecological interception and sedimentation device for farmland ditches according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The packing density of the adsorption material contained in the internal cavity of the permeable dam decreases from bottom to top or the porosity of the adsorption material increases from bottom to top.

5. The ecological interception and sedimentation device for farmland ditches according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The permeable dam comprises a plurality of permeable dam components, and two adjacent permeable dam components are fixedly connected to each other to form an integral permeable dam, and the permeable dam components are made of glass fiber reinforced plastic.

6. The ecological interception and sedimentation device for farmland ditches according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The interior of the permeable dam is divided into several small areas by fiberglass reinforced plastic fences.

7. The ecological interception and sedimentation device for farmland ditches according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The adsorption material contained in the inner cavity of the permeable dam is arranged in an adsorption material bag, which is a bag-shaped or box-shaped object with good water permeability. The adsorption material bag is connected with an adsorption material bag hanging rope, and the adsorption material bag hanging rope extends to the outside of the permeable dam.

8. The ecological interception and sedimentation device for farmland ditches according to claim 5, characterized in that: The permeable dam assembly is inclined toward one or both sides of the ditch on the side parallel to the water flow direction.

9. The ecological interception and sedimentation device for farmland ditches according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two hanging rods are arranged outside the water surface above the mud bottom plate, and the hanging rods are fixed by pillars fixed at the bottom of the ditch or outside the ditch; The sludge bag is provided with a tight draw rope at the bag mouth; the sludge bag is provided with two sludge bag hanging ropes opposite to each other at the opening; the sludge bag hanging rope is connected to the tight draw rope at the bag mouth of the sludge bag; the sludge bottom plate is connected with a sludge bottom plate hanging rope, and the sludge bottom plate hanging rope extends beyond the water surface of the ditch; the sludge bag hanging rope and the sludge bottom plate hanging rope are fixed to the hanging rod after extending out of the water surface.

10. A maintenance method for the ecological interception and sedimentation device for farmland ditches according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: step 1, pulling the hanging rope of the adsorption material bag out of the permeable dam by human or mechanical force; concentrating the hanging rope of the sludge bag on the fixed hanging rod to one side of the ditch by human power, and pulling the hanging rope of the sludge bag to pull the sludge bag out of the water surface by human or mechanical force; step 2, replacing the adsorption material in the adsorption material bag; cleaning the sludge bag; if the taken out sludge bag is completely full, pulling the hanging rope of the sludge bottom plate by human or mechanical force to pull the sludge bottom plate out of the water surface for cleaning, and after cleaning, placing the sludge bottom plate to the bottom of the ditch by human or mechanical force; step 3, using the hanging rope of the adsorption material bag and the hanging rope of the sludge bag, under the action of human or mechanical force, respectively placing the adsorption material bag and the sludge bag into the permeable dam and the sludge bottom plate.

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