Shallow fluid sampling device and sampling method

Abstract

A shallow fluid sampling device and sampling method, comprising a drilling part, a soil sample collection part and a fluid collection part; the soil sample collection part and the fluid collection part are both arranged in the drilling part; the drilling part comprises a drill rod and a drill bit; the inner wall of the upper end of the drill bit and the outer wall of the lower end of the drill rod form a threaded fit; the drill bit is hollow inside, and the lower end of the drill bit is conical; the soil sample collection part comprises an impactor and a soil sample collection mechanism; the impactor is arranged at the upper end of the soil sample collection mechanism, and the soil sample collection mechanism is arranged in the drilling part. The present invention improves the efficiency and accuracy of shallow fluid sampling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a sampling device and a sampling method, in particular to a sampling device and a sampling method for collecting shallow fluid, belonging to the technical field of shallow geological sampling. Background Art

[0002] In order to fully understand the geological structure, it is necessary to collect groundwater or underground gas while collecting soil samples underground, and determine the content and transfer of certain elements by analyzing groundwater and gas. There are currently two common ways to collect groundwater and gas. One is to drill a hole with a larger diameter through a shallow drill, and then separate the target layer by clay or cement, and then use detection instruments to collect underground in-situ water or in-situ gas. This method requires a large initial investment and is not convenient for arranging drilling holes over a large area. The advantage is that there will be no sample mixing and the dynamic changes of underground fluids can be monitored in real time. Another method is to insert a capillary probe into a certain depth of the soil layer and then collect in-situ fluids. The advantage of this method is that the sampling efficiency is high, but the sampling depth is limited and the small sample amount is not conducive to analysis. Therefore, a sampling device that can collect data efficiently and accurately is needed to ensure the smooth progress of geological exploration operations. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a shallow fluid sampling device and a sampling method, which can ensure the accuracy of sampling while ensuring efficient sampling operations.

[0004] The problem described in the present invention is solved by the following technical solutions:

[0005] A shallow fluid sampling device comprises a drilling part, a soil sample collecting part and a fluid collecting part;

[0006] The soil sample collection part and the fluid collection part are both arranged in the drilling part;

[0007] The drilling part includes a drill rod and a drill bit; the inner wall of the upper end of the drill bit is threadedly matched with the outer wall of the lower end of the drill rod; a second limiting step is provided on the upper part of the inner wall of the drill rod, and the inner diameter of the inner wall of the drill rod at the upper end of the second limiting step is larger than the inner diameter of the inner wall of the drill rod at the lower end of the second limiting step; the drill bit is hollow inside, and the lower end of the drill bit is conical; the inner wall of the drill bit is provided with a first limiting step, and the inner diameter of the inner wall of the drill bit at the upper end of the first limiting step is larger than the inner diameter of the inner wall of the drill bit at the lower end of the first limiting step;

[0008] The soil sample collection part includes an impactor and a soil sample collection mechanism; the impactor is arranged at the upper end of the soil sample collection mechanism, and the soil sample collection mechanism is arranged in the drilling part;

[0009] The fluid collection part includes an air extraction pipeline, a vacuum pump, an upper self-sealing joint, a central tube, a lower self-sealing joint, a reducer, a fluid inner tube and a one-way negative pressure filter valve;

[0010] The upper end interface of the air extraction pipe is connected to the vacuum pump, and the inner wall of the lower end of the air extraction pipe and the outer wall of the upper end of the upper self-sealing joint form a threaded fitting connection; the inner wall of the lower end of the upper self-sealing joint and the outer wall of the upper end of the center tube form a threaded fitting connection; the inner wall of the lower end of the center tube and the outer wall of the upper end of the lower self-sealing joint form a threaded fitting connection; the outer wall of the lower end of the lower self-sealing joint and the inner wall of the upper end of the reducer form a threaded fitting connection; the outer wall of the lower end of the reducer and the inner wall of the upper end of the fluid inner tube form a threaded fitting connection; the outer diameter of the fluid inner tube is smaller than the inner diameter of the inner wall of the lower end of the drill pipe; the lower end face of the fluid inner tube is pressed on the first limit step; the upper end of the outer wall of the one-way negative pressure filter valve and the lower end of the inner wall of the fluid inner tube form a threaded fitting connection.

[0011] The above-mentioned shallow fluid sampling device, the soil sample collection mechanism includes a hanging device, a connecting rod and a soil sample inner tube;

[0012] The outer wall of the lower end of the impactor is threadedly connected with the inner wall of the upper end of the drill rod; the hanging device includes a hollow disc and a hanging barrel; the inner diameter of the hanging barrel is equal to the inner hole diameter of the hollow disc, and the outer diameter of the hanging barrel is smaller than the circumferential diameter of the outer wall of the hollow disc; the upper end of the hanging barrel is vertically connected to the circular hole on the lower end face of the hollow disc; the circumferential diameter of the outer wall of the hollow disc is equal to the inner diameter of the inner wall of the drill rod at the upper end of the second limit step, and the lower end face of the hollow disc contacts and presses against the second limit step. The connecting rod is shaped like a round tube that is thin at the top and thick at the bottom; the outer wall of the upper end of the connecting rod and the inner wall of the lower end of the hanging barrel form a threaded fitting connection; the soil sample inner tube is cylindrical in shape, and the inner wall of the upper end of the soil sample inner tube and the outer wall of the lower end of the connecting rod form a threaded fitting connection; the inner diameter of the connecting rod is equal to the inner diameter of the inner wall of the drill bit at the lower end of the first limiting step, and the outer diameter of the soil sample inner tube is smaller than the inner diameter of the inner wall of the lower end of the drill rod; the lower end surface of the soil sample inner tube touches and presses on the first limiting step.

[0013] The above-mentioned shallow fluid sampling device is additionally provided with a sealing part; the sealing part includes an inflation joint, a sealing airbag, an inflation tube and an inflation piece; the sealing airbag is a spherical hollow airbag, and the center tube vertically passes through the center of the sealing airbag; an inflation joint is provided on the sealing airbag, and the inflation joint connects the inside and outside of the sealing airbag; the inflation piece is connected to the air inlet of the inflation joint through the inflation tube.

[0014] In the above-mentioned shallow fluid sampling device, the inner fluid tube is a round tube made of transparent PC material.

[0015] A shallow fluid sampling method, using the shallow fluid sampling device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the following steps:

[0016] S1. Place the soil sample collection part in the drilling part, and then start the impactor. The impactor applies a certain frequency of axial impact force to the drill rod downward, so that the drill bit under the drill rod drills downward, and the soil sample on the drilling path of the drill bit enters the soil sample collection mechanism. When the drill bit reaches the specified depth, the entire soil sample collection mechanism is lifted out of the drill rod through the hanging device;

[0017] S2. After assembling the fluid collection part and the sealing part, put them into the drilling part, and inflate the sealing airbag through the inflator to expand the sealing airbag until the sealing airbag blocks the annulus at the upper end of the drill pipe; then start the vacuum pump to form a vacuum state inside the fluid inner tube, so that the fluid enters the fluid inner tube, and after the fluid is collected, lift out the fluid collection part and the sealing part; then put the soil sample collection part into the drilling part, continue to dig deep downward to take samples, and after the soil sample of the next geological layer is collected, put the fluid collection part and the sealing part in again for fluid sampling, until the soil samples and fluid samples of all the target geological layers are collected, lift out the collection part in the drilling part, and then lift out the drilling part.

[0018] The present invention effectively improves the efficiency and accuracy of underground soil and fluid sample collection by alternately using the soil sample collection part and the fluid collection part in conjunction with the drilling part, ensures the quality of geological exploration operations, and avoids the problems of low efficiency and high cost brought about by previous underground fluid collection methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the soil sample collection part of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fluid collection part of the present invention.

[0021] The list of numbers in the figure is: 1. Drilling part, 1-1. Drill rod, 1-2. Drill bit, 1-3. First limit step, 1-4. Second limit step, 2. Soil sample collection part, 2-1. Impactor, 2-2. Hanger, 2-3. Connecting rod, 2-4. Soil sample inner tube, 3. Fluid collection part, 3-1. Suction pipe, 3-2. Vacuum pump, 3-3. Upper self-sealing joint, 3-4. Center pipe, 3-5. Lower self-sealing joint, 3-6. Reducer, 3-7. Fluid inner tube, 3-8. One-way negative pressure filter valve, 4. Sealing part, 4-1. Inflatable joint, 4-2. Sealing airbag, 4-3. Inflatable tube, 4-4. Inflatable part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2The present invention comprises a drilling part 1, a soil sample collecting part 2 and a fluid collecting part 3; the drilling part 1 is used for performing a drilling operation underground, so that the soil sample collecting part 2 and the fluid collecting part 3 are set underground for collecting;

[0023] The soil sample collection part 2 and the fluid collection part 3 are both arranged in the drilling part 1;

[0024] The drilling part 1 includes a drill rod 1-1 and a drill bit 1-2; the inner wall of the upper end of the drill bit 1-2 is threadedly matched with the outer wall of the lower end of the drill rod 1-1; a second limiting step 1-4 is provided on the upper part of the inner wall of the drill rod 1-1, and the inner diameter of the inner wall of the drill rod 1-1 at the upper end of the second limiting step 1-4 is larger than the inner diameter of the inner wall of the drill rod 1-1 at the lower end of the second limiting step 1-4; the drill bit 1-2 is hollow inside, and the lower end of the drill bit 1-2 is conical; a first limiting step 1-3 is provided on the inner wall of the drill bit 1-2, and the inner diameter of the inner wall of the drill bit 1-2 at the upper end of the first limiting step 1-3 is larger than the inner diameter of the inner wall of the drill bit 1-2 at the lower end of the first limiting step 1-3; the conical drill bit 1-2 can drill into the formation more easily.

[0025] The soil sample collection part 2 includes an impactor 2-1 and a soil sample collection mechanism; the impactor 2-1 is arranged at the upper end of the soil sample collection mechanism, and the soil sample collection mechanism is arranged in the drilling part 1; the impactor 2-1 applies an axial impact force of a certain frequency downward, and the impact force is transmitted to the drill bit 1-2 through the drill rod 1-1, so that the drill bit 1-2 drills deep into the ground.

[0026] The fluid collection part 3 includes an air extraction pipeline 3-1, a vacuum pump 3-2, an upper self-sealing joint 3-3, a central tube 3-4, a lower self-sealing joint 3-5, a reducer 3-6, a fluid inner tube 3-7 and a one-way negative pressure filter valve 3-8;

[0027] The upper end interface of the exhaust pipe 3-1 is connected to the vacuum pump 3-2, and the inner wall of the lower end of the exhaust pipe 3-1 is threadedly connected with the outer wall of the upper end of the upper self-sealing joint 3-3; the inner wall of the lower end of the upper self-sealing joint 3-3 is threadedly connected with the outer wall of the upper end of the center tube 3-4; the inner wall of the lower end of the center tube 3-4 is threadedly connected with the outer wall of the upper end of the lower self-sealing joint 3-5; the outer wall of the lower end of the lower self-sealing joint 3-5 is threadedly connected with the inner wall of the upper end of the reducer 3-6; the outer wall of the lower end of the reducer 3-6 is threadedly connected The wall and the inner wall of the upper end of the fluid inner tube 3-7 form a threaded fitting connection; the outer diameter of the fluid inner tube 3-7 is smaller than the inner diameter of the inner wall of the lower end of the drill rod 1-1; the lower end face of the fluid inner tube 3-7 contacts and presses on the first limit step 1-3; the upper end of the outer wall of the one-way negative pressure filter valve 3-8 and the lower end of the inner wall of the fluid inner tube 3-7 form a threaded fitting connection; by starting the vacuum pump 3-2, negative pressure is generated in the fluid inner tube 3-7, and the fluid at the bottom is sucked into the fluid inner tube 3-7, thereby achieving the purpose of collecting fluid samples.

[0028] The soil sample collection mechanism includes a hanging device 2-2, a connecting rod 2-3 and a soil sample inner tube 2-4;

[0029] The outer wall of the lower end of the impactor 2-1 is threadedly connected with the inner wall of the upper end of the drill rod 1-1; the hanging device 2-2 includes a hollow disc and a hanging barrel; the inner diameter of the hanging barrel is equal to the inner hole diameter of the hollow disc, and the outer diameter of the hanging barrel is smaller than the circumferential diameter of the outer wall of the hollow disc; the upper end of the hanging barrel is vertically connected to the circular hole on the lower end face of the hollow disc; the circumferential diameter of the outer wall of the hollow disc is equal to the inner diameter of the inner wall of the drill rod 1-1 at the upper end of the second limiting step 1-4, and the lower end face of the hollow disc is pressed on the second limiting step 1-4; the connecting rod 2-3 is shaped like a round tube that is thin at the top and thick at the bottom; the outer diameter of the upper end of the connecting rod 2-3 The wall is threadedly connected with the inner wall of the lower end of the hanging barrel; the soil sample inner tube 2-4 is cylindrical in shape, and the inner wall of the upper end of the soil sample inner tube 2-4 is threadedly connected with the outer wall of the lower end of the connecting rod 2-3; the inner diameter of the connecting rod 2-3 is equal to the inner diameter of the inner wall of the drill bit 1-2 at the lower end of the first limiting step 1-3, and the outer diameter of the soil sample inner tube 2-4 is smaller than the inner diameter of the inner wall of the lower end of the drill rod 1-1; the lower end surface of the soil sample inner tube 2-4 touches the first limiting step 1-3; after the soil sample enters the soil sample inner tube 2-4, it is only necessary to lift the hanging device 2-2 to lift the entire soil sample collection mechanism out of the ground, which greatly simplifies the operation steps.

[0030] In order to prevent air leakage from affecting the negative pressure in the fluid inner tube 3-7, a sealing part 4 is additionally provided; the sealing part 4 includes an inflation joint 4-1, a sealing airbag 4-2, an inflation tube 4-3 and an inflation piece 4-4; the sealing airbag 4-2 is a spherical hollow airbag, and the center tube 3-4 vertically passes through the center of the sealing airbag 4-2; an inflation joint 4-1 is provided on the sealing airbag 4-2, and the inflation joint 4-1 connects the inside and outside of the sealing airbag 4-2; the inflation piece 4-4 is connected to the air inlet of the inflation joint 4-1 through the inflation tube 4-3; when the fluid collection part 3 is placed, the inflation piece 4-4 is started to inflate the sealing airbag 4-2, so that the sealing airbag 4-2 blocks the cavity of the drill pipe 1-1, which greatly improves the air tightness of the drill pipe.

[0031] The fluid inner tube 3-7 is a round tube made of transparent PC material. The transparent fluid inner tube 3-7 can help the staff to visually observe the fluid conditions inside it.

[0032] The sampling device operation steps are as follows:

[0033] S1. Place the soil sample collection part 2 in the drilling part 1, and then start the impactor 2-1. The impactor 2-1 applies a certain frequency of axial impact force downward to the drill rod 1-1, so that the drill bit 1-2 below the drill rod 1-1 drills downward, and the soil sample on the drilling path of the drill bit 1-2 enters the soil sample collection mechanism. When the drill bit 1-2 reaches the specified depth, the entire soil sample collection mechanism is lifted out of the drill rod 1-1 through the hanging device 2-2;

[0034] S2. After assembling the fluid collection part 3 and the sealing part 4, put them into the drilling part 1, and inflate the sealing airbag 4-2 through the inflatable part 4-4 to expand the sealing airbag 4-2 until the sealing airbag 4-2 blocks the annulus at the upper end of the drill pipe 1-1; then start the vacuum pump 3-2 to form a vacuum state inside the fluid inner tube 3-7, so that the fluid enters the fluid inner tube 3-7, and after the fluid collection is completed, lift out the fluid collection part 3 and the sealing part 4; then put the soil sample collection part 2 into the drilling part 1, continue to dig deep downward to collect samples, and after the soil sample of the next geological layer is collected, put the fluid collection part 3 and the sealing part 4 again for fluid sampling, until the soil samples and fluid samples of all the target geological layers are collected, lift out the collection part in the drilling part 1, and then lift out the drilling part 1.

Claims

1. A shallow fluid sampling device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a drilling part (1), a soil sample collection part (2) and a fluid collection part (3); the soil sample collection part (2) and the fluid collection part (3) are both arranged in the drilling part (1); the drilling part (1) comprises a drill rod (1-1) and a drill bit (1-2); the soil sample collection part (2) comprises an impactor (2-1) and a soil sample collection mechanism; the impactor (2-1) is arranged at the upper end of the soil sample collection mechanism, and the soil sample collection mechanism is arranged in the drilling part (1); the fluid collection part (3) comprises an exhaust pipe (3-1), a vacuum pump (3-2), an upper self-sealing joint (3-3), a central pipe (3-4), a lower self-sealing joint (3-5), a reducer (3-6), a fluid inner pipe (3-7) and a one-way negative pressure passage. The filter valve (3-8) is connected to the vacuum pump (3-2) at the upper end interface of the air extraction pipeline (3-1), and the inner wall of the lower end of the air extraction pipeline (3-1) and the outer wall of the upper end of the upper self-sealing joint (3-3) are threadedly connected; the inner wall of the lower end of the upper self-sealing joint (3-3) and the outer wall of the upper end of the center tube (3-4) are threadedly connected; the inner wall of the lower end of the center tube (3-4) and the outer wall of the upper end of the lower self-sealing joint (3-5) are threadedly connected; the outer wall of the lower end of the lower self-sealing joint (3-5) and the inner wall of the upper end of the reducer (3-6) are threadedly connected; the outer wall of the lower end of the reducer (3-6) and the inner wall of the upper end of the fluid inner tube (3-7) are threadedly connected; the outer diameter of the fluid inner tube (3-7) is smaller than the outer diameter of the lower end of the drill pipe (1-1). The inner diameter of the inner wall of the end; the lower end surface of the fluid inner tube (3-7) contacts and presses on the first limit step (1-3); the upper end of the outer wall of the one-way negative pressure filter valve (3-8) and the lower end of the inner wall of the fluid inner tube (3-7) form a threaded fitting connection; a sealing part (4) is additionally provided; the sealing part (4) comprises an inflation joint (4-1), a sealing air bag (4-2), an inflation tube (4-3) and an inflation member (4-4); the sealing air bag (4-2) is a spherical hollow air bag, and the central tube (3-4) vertically passes through the center of the sealing air bag (4-2); the sealing air bag (4-2) is provided with an inflation joint (4-1), and the inflation joint (4-1) is connected to the inside and outside of the sealing air bag (4-2); the inflation member (4-4) is connected to the inside and outside of the sealing air bag (4-2) through The inflation tube (4-3) is connected to the air inlet of the inflation joint (4-1); the soil sample collection mechanism comprises a hanging device (2-2), a connecting rod (2-3) and a soil sample inner tube (2-4); the outer wall of the lower end of the impactor (2-1) and the inner wall of the upper end of the drill rod (1-1) are threadedly connected; the hanging device (2-2) comprises a hollow disc and a hanging barrel; the inner diameter of the hanging barrel is equal to the inner diameter of the inner hole of the hollow disc, and the outer diameter of the hanging barrel is smaller than the circumferential diameter of the outer wall of the hollow disc; the upper end of the hanging barrel is vertically connected to the circular hole on the lower end surface of the hollow disc; the circumferential diameter of the outer wall of the hollow disc is equal to the inner diameter of the inner wall of the drill rod (1-1) at the upper end of the second limiting step (1-4), and the lower end surface of the hollow disc contacts and presses on the second limiting step (1-4);The connecting rod (2-3) is in the shape of a round tube that is thin at the top and thick at the bottom; the outer wall of the upper end of the connecting rod (2-3) is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the lower end of the hanging barrel; the soil sample inner tube (2-4) is in the shape of a cylinder, and the inner wall of the upper end of the soil sample inner tube (2-4) is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the lower end of the connecting rod (2-3); the inner diameter of the connecting rod (2-3) is equal to the inner diameter of the inner wall of the drill bit (1-2) at the lower end of the first limiting step (1-3), and the outer diameter of the soil sample inner tube (2-4) is smaller than the inner diameter of the inner wall of the lower end of the drill rod (1-1); the lower end surface of the soil sample inner tube (2-4) contacts and presses on the first limiting step (1-3).

2. The shallow fluid sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the upper end of the drill bit (1-2) and the outer wall of the lower end of the drill rod (1-1) form a threaded fit; a second limiting step (1-4) is provided on the upper part of the inner wall of the drill rod (1-1), and the inner diameter of the inner wall of the drill rod (1-1) at the upper end of the second limiting step (1-4) is larger than the inner diameter of the inner wall of the drill rod (1-1) at the lower end of the second limiting step (1-4); the drill bit (1-2) is hollow inside, and the lower end of the drill bit (1-2) is conical; a first limiting step (1-3) is provided on the inner wall of the drill bit (1-2), and the inner diameter of the inner wall of the drill bit (1-2) at the upper end of the first limiting step (1-3) is larger than the inner diameter of the inner wall of the drill bit (1-2) at the lower end of the first limiting step (1-3).

3. The shallow fluid sampling device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fluid inner tube (3-7) is a round tube made of transparent PC material.

4. A shallow fluid sampling method, characterized in that: The shallow fluid sampling device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is used, comprising the following steps: S1. The soil sample collection part (2) is placed in the drilling part (1), and then the impactor (2-1) is started. The impactor (2-1) applies an axial impact force of a certain frequency downward to the drill rod (1-1), so that the drill bit (1-2) below the drill rod (1-1) drills downward, and the soil sample on the drilling path of the drill bit (1-2) enters the soil sample collection mechanism. After the drill bit (1-2) reaches a specified depth, the entire soil sample collection mechanism is lifted out of the drill rod (1-1) by the hanging device (2-2); S2. After the fluid collection part (3) and the sealing part (4) are assembled, they are placed in the drilling part (1), and the sealing airbag (4-2) is inflated through the inflatable part (4-4) to expand the sealing airbag (4-2) until the sealing airbag (4-2) blocks the annulus at the upper end of the drill pipe (1-1); then the vacuum pump (3-2) is started to form a vacuum state inside the fluid inner tube (3-7), so that the fluid enters the fluid inner tube (3-7). After the fluid is collected, the fluid collection part (3) and the sealing part (4) are lifted out; then the soil sample collection part (2) is placed in the drilling part (1), and the sampling is continued downward. After the soil sample of the next geological layer is collected, the fluid collection part (3) and the sealing part (4) are placed again for fluid sampling. After the soil samples and fluid samples of all target geological layers are collected, the collection part in the drilling part (1) is lifted out, and then the drilling part (1) is lifted out.

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