Method of manufacturing an organic light emitting device and organic light emitting device

Abstract

A method of manufacturing an organic light emitting device and an organic light emitting device are provided. The method includes performing a heat treatment at a set or predetermined temperature range when a solution process is used to form a hole transport layer. When a solution process is used to form an emission layer on the hole transport layer, a mixed layer can be formed to a suitable thickness to improve hole injection into the emission layer. The method can be used to manufacture an organic light emitting device.

Description

[0001] This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-0024549, filed on February 27, 2020, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] One or more aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method of manufacturing an organic light emitting device and an organic light emitting device manufactured using (with) the method. BACKGROUND

[0003] An organic light emitting device (OLED) is a self-emitting device, which can have a wide viewing angle, high contrast, short response time, and / or excellent characteristics in luminance, driving voltage, and / or response speed compared to conventional devices, and can produce a full-color image.

[0004] An example OLED can include a first electrode on a substrate and a hole transport region, an emission layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode sequentially stacked on the first electrode. Holes provided from the first electrode can move toward the emission layer through the hole transport region, and electrons provided from the second electrode can move toward the emission layer through the electron transport region. Carriers such as holes and electrons can recombine in the emission layer to generate excitons. These excitons can transition from an excited state to a ground state, thereby generating light. SUMMARY

[0005] When a solution process is used to form an organic layer in an organic light emitting device, a solvent from a solution applied to form an upper layer can dissolve a lower layer (e.g., a layer deposited earlier), causing intermixing between adjacent organic layers, resulting in a decrease in luminous efficiency and lifespan of the organic light emitting device.

[0006] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, while an organic layer is formed by a solution process, by controlling the properties of a mixed layer formed at an interface between organic layers by controlling a heat treatment temperature, the efficiency and lifespan of the organic light emitting device can be improved.

[0007] One or more aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method of manufacturing an organic light emitting device and an organic light emitting device manufactured by using the method, in which a heat treatment is performed at a set or predetermined temperature while a hole transport layer is formed using a solution process.

[0008] Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following and / or can be learned by practice of the presented embodiments of the disclosure.

[0009] One or more example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method of manufacturing an organic light emitting device, the method comprising:

[0010] forming a first electrode;

[0011] forming a hole transport layer on the first electrode;

[0012] forming an emission layer on the hole transport layer; and

[0013] forming a second electrode on the emission layer,

[0014] wherein the forming of the hole transport layer can include: applying a composition for forming the hole transport layer on the first electrode, the composition for forming the hole transport layer including a hole transport material and a first solvent; and then, heat-treating the composition for forming the hole transport layer on the first electrode at a temperature of 185℃ to 210℃ to remove the first solvent from the composition for forming the hole transport layer,

[0015] wherein the forming of the emission layer can include: applying a composition for forming the emission layer on the hole transport layer, the composition for forming the emission layer including a light emitting material and a second solvent; and then, drying the composition for forming the emission layer to remove the second solvent from the composition for forming the emission layer, and

[0016] wherein the organic light emitting device can include a mixed layer between the hole transport layer and the emission layer, in which the hole transport material and the light emitting material are mixed together in the mixed layer.

[0017] In one embodiment, the mixed layer can have a thickness of about to about .

[0018] In one embodiment, the hole transport material and the light emitting material can be mixed non-uniformly in the mixed layer.

[0019] In one embodiment, the second solvent can have a solubility of 20% or less relative to the first solvent.

[0020] In one embodiment, the composition for forming the hole transport layer can include 0.001wt% to 20wt% of the hole transport material, based on the total weight of the composition for forming the hole transport layer.

[0021] In one embodiment, the composition for forming the emission layer can include 0.001wt% to 20wt% of the light emitting material, based on the total weight of the composition for forming the emission layer.

[0022] In one embodiment, the hole transport material can include a cross-linkable group, and the composition for forming the hole transport layer can further include a cross-linking agent.

[0023] In one embodiment, the light emitting material can include a host and a dopant.

[0024] In one embodiment, the host can include at least one compound selected from anthracene-based compounds, pyrene-based compounds, and spirobifluorene-based compounds.

[0025] In one embodiment, the dopant can include at least one selected from fluorescent dopants and phosphorescent dopants.

[0026] In one embodiment, the coating of the hole transport layer and the coating of the emission layer can each independently be performed by spin coating, slot coating, dip coating, bar coating, roll coating, gravure coating, microgravure coating, wire coating, spray coating, inkjet printing, nozzle printing, screen printing, flexographic printing, offset printing, or casting.

[0027] In one embodiment, the formation of the hole injection layer can be further included between the step of forming the first electrode and the step of forming the hole transport layer.

[0028] In one embodiment, the formation of the hole injection layer can be performed using a solution process.

[0029] In one embodiment, the formation of at least one layer selected from a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer can be further included between the step of forming the emission layer and the step of forming the second electrode.

[0030] In one embodiment, the method can further include forming an electron transport layer on the emission layer and forming an electron injection layer on the electron transport layer between the step of forming the emission layer and the step of forming the second electrode.

[0031] In one embodiment, the formation of the electron transport layer and the formation of the electron injection layer can each independently be performed by vacuum deposition.

[0032] One or more example embodiments of the disclosure provide an organic light emitting device manufactured using the above manufacturing method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of certain embodiments of the disclosure will be more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0034] Figure 1 is a schematic view of an organic light emitting device according to an embodiment;

[0035] Figure 2is a graph showing a thickness of a mixed layer and a Gaussian distribution of a hole-electron recombination region according to a heat treatment temperature after forming a hole transport layer; and

[0036] Figure 3 is a graph showing J-V curves of the organic light emitting devices prepared according to Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout and which can not be provided with a description of their repetitive description. In this regard, the present embodiments can have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the following embodiments are described only by referring to the drawings to explain aspects of the present specification. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Throughout the disclosure, the expression "at least one of a, b, and c" means only a, only b, only c, both a and b, both a and c, both b and c, all of a, b, and c, or variations thereof.

[0038] It will be understood that, although the terms "first," "second," etc. can be used herein to describe various components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one component from another.

[0039] As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Further, the use of the term "may" when describing embodiments of the present disclosure indicates that one or more embodiments of the present disclosure "can" or "might," but not necessarily, include the particular feature or component.

[0040] It will also be understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising," and variations thereof, as used herein, mean that the stated features or components are included but not that other features or components are excluded.

[0041] In the following embodiments, when various components such as a layer, a film, a region, a plate, etc. are referred to as "on" another component, it includes a case in which the other component is "directly on" the layer, film, region, or plate, and also includes a case in which the other component can be positioned between the layer, film, region, or plate. For ease of explanation, the size and dimensions of the elements in the drawings can be exaggerated. For example, the following embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to this because the size and thickness of the components in the drawings are arbitrarily shown for ease of explanation.

[0042] The method of manufacturing an organic light emitting device according to an embodiment includes:

[0043] forming a first electrode;

[0044] forming a hole transport layer on the first electrode;

[0045] forming an emission layer on the hole transport layer; and

[0046] forming a second electrode on the emission layer,

[0047] wherein the step of forming the hole transport layer can include: applying a composition for forming the hole transport layer on the first electrode, the composition for forming the hole transport layer including a hole transport material and a first solvent; and then, heat-treating the composition for forming the hole transport layer on the first electrode at a temperature of about 185°C to about 210°C to remove the first solvent from the composition for forming the hole transport layer,

[0048] wherein the step of forming the emission layer can include: applying a composition for forming the emission layer on the hole transport layer, the composition for forming the emission layer including a light emitting material and a second solvent; and then, drying the composition for forming the emission layer to remove the second solvent from the composition for forming the emission layer, and

[0049] wherein the organic light emitting device can include a mixed layer between the hole transport layer and the emission layer, in which the hole transport material and the light emitting material are mixed together.

[0050] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light emitting device 10 according to an embodiment. The organic light emitting device 10 includes a first electrode 110, an organic layer 150, and a second electrode 190. The organic layer 150 includes a hole transport layer 151, a mixed layer 152, and an emission layer 153.

[0051] The first electrode 110 can be formed by, for example, depositing or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode 110 on a substrate. The material for the first electrode 110 will be described later.

[0052] According to one embodiment, the first electrode 110 can be an anode.

[0053] In the manufacturing method according to an embodiment, the hole transport layer 151 and the emission layer 153 can each be independently formed using a solution process.

[0054] The solution process in the present specification can include a coating process of applying a composition for forming an organic layer and a drying process of removing a solvent from the composition for forming the organic layer.

[0055] When respective layers of an organic light emitting device are formed by a solution process (e.g., a respective solution process), there can be a desire to prevent or reduce dissolution or etching of a lower layer (e.g., a layer formed earlier) by a solvent of an upper layer (e.g., being formed on the lower layer at the same time). Thus, orthogonal solvents (e.g., solvents having different solubility properties for different kinds or classes of materials (such as solvents that dissolve materials used to form an upper layer but not materials used to form a lower layer)) with controlled solubility can be used, or cross-linkable polymers (e.g., materials or polymers that become insoluble or difficult to dissolve in common organic solvents) can be used for the lower layer.

[0056] In one embodiment, orthogonal solvents (e.g., two or more orthogonal solvents) can be used when forming the hole transport layer 151 and the emission layer 153, respectively.

[0057] After the composition for forming the hole transport layer 151 is coated on the first electrode 110, a heat treatment is performed on the composition for forming the hole transport layer 151 at about 185 °C to about 210 °C to remove the first solvent, thereby forming the hole transport layer 151.

[0058] The composition for forming the hole transport layer 151 includes a hole transport material and a first solvent. The hole transport material and the first solvent will be described later.

[0059] Coating of the composition for forming the hole transport layer 151 can be performed using any suitable coating method available in the art. The coating method can be, for example, spin coating, slot coating, dip coating, bar coating, roll coating, gravure coating, microgravure coating, wire coating, spray coating, inkjet printing, nozzle printing, screen printing, flexographic printing, offset printing, and / or casting, etc.

[0060] In the task (e.g., process) of heat treating the composition for forming the hole transport layer 151, the solvent (e.g., the first solvent) in the composition can be removed to form a solidified thin film.

[0061] Subsequently, a composition for forming the emission layer 153 is coated on the hole transport layer 151, and then dried to remove a second solvent, thereby forming the emission layer 153.

[0062] Coating of the composition for forming the emission layer 153 can be performed by using any suitable coating method available in the art. The coating method can be, for example, spin coating, slot coating, dip coating, bar coating, roll coating, gravure coating, microgravure coating, wire coating, spray coating, inkjet printing, nozzle printing, screen printing, flexographic printing, offset printing, and / or casting, etc.

[0063] When the emitting layer 153 is formed on the hole transport layer 151 formed using a solution process using a solution process, the solvent in the composition for forming the emitting layer 153 dissolves a portion of the hole transport layer 151, so that the hole transport material is mixed with the light emitting material, that is, interfacial mixing occurs (for example, when the two materials are mixed in the same solution). Thus, a mixed layer 152 in which the hole transport material and the light emitting material are mixed together is formed between the hole transport layer 151 and the emitting layer 153.

[0064] After performing a heat treatment at a temperature of about 185°C to about 210°C to remove the solvent while forming the hole transport layer 151, when the emitting layer 153, which is an upper layer, is formed, the thickness of the mixed layer 152 at the interface between the hole transport layer 151 and the emitting layer 153 and the weight ratio of the hole transport material and the light emitting material in the mixed layer 152 can be appropriately or suitably controlled or reduced.

[0065] When the heat treatment temperature of the hole transport layer 151 satisfies the above range, the organic light emitting device 10 manufactured according to the embodiment can effectively balance the charges in the emitting layer 153. For example, when the heat treatment is performed at about 185°C to about 210°C during the formation of the hole transport layer 151, the mixed layer 152 can be formed to such a thickness that the injection and movement of holes from the hole transport layer 151 to the emitting layer 153 is improved, and the transport performance of the electrons injected into the emitting layer 153 is not affected. Thus, the hole-electron recombination region in the emitting layer 153 can be effectively distributed. Thus, the organic light emitting device 10 having the structure of the hole transport layer 151 / mixed layer 152 / emitting layer 153 can balance the charges in the emitting layer 153, thereby improving the light emitting efficiency and the lifespan.

[0066] When the heat treatment temperature is less than about 185 °C, the solvent orthogonality of the first solvent and the second solvent can be insufficient, such that the second solvent can dissolve a portion of the hole transport layer 151 while the emission layer 153 is being formed by the solution coating method. In one embodiment, when the hole transport layer 151 is formed of a cross-linkable polymer, there can be unreacted monomers that are not cross-linked. Thus, during the task of forming the upper layer (e.g., the emission layer 153), the unreacted monomers can be mixed with (e.g., dissolved in) the organic solvent (e.g., the second solvent). As a result, excessive or undesired interfacial mixing of the hole transport layer 151 and the emission layer 153 can occur, and the mixed layer 152 can have a large thickness. Due to such interfacial mixing, the proper energy barrier between the hole transport layer 151 and the emission layer 153 collapses (e.g., the energy barrier between the hole transport layer 151 and the emission layer 153 can not be large enough), and the charge balance in the emission layer 153 is disrupted. Furthermore, when the hole transport material is mixed in the emission layer 153, charge scattering can occur inside the emission layer 153, and / or charge trapping can occur. Thus, the hole characteristics of the emission layer 153 become stronger (e.g., the emission layer 153 can significantly acquire hole-charged characteristics), and thus, the recombination region is distributed at the interface of the emission layer 153 toward the second electrode 190 (e.g., can occur closer to the interface of the emission layer 153 toward the second electrode 190).

[0067] When the heat treatment temperature exceeds about 210 °C, the orthogonality of the solvents between the first solvent and the second solvent is sufficient (e.g., can increase), such that interfacial mixing of the hole transport layer 151 and the emission layer 153 can be difficult to occur (e.g., can be inhibited or reduced) when the emission layer 153 is formed by the solution coating method. In some embodiments, the hole transport layer 151 is formed using a cross-linkable polymer, the amount of unreacted monomers decreases as the cross-linking level increases, and thus, the interfacial mixing can be reduced. In this case, for example, when the amount of unreacted monomers is substantially zero, an ideal interfacial separation can occur between the emission layer 153 and the hole transport layer 151, but the hole injection rate into the emission layer 153 can decrease, and the emission layer 153 can have strong electron-charged properties. Thus, the recombination region can be distributed at the interface of the emission layer 153 toward the first electrode 110 (e.g., can occur closer to the interface of the emission layer 153 toward the first electrode 110), or can be distributed throughout the mixed layer 152. As a result, the light emitting efficiency and / or the lifetime of the organic light emitting device 10 can decrease due to exciton quenching.

[0068] Figure 2is a graph showing the thickness of the mixed layer and the Gaussian distribution of the hole-electron recombination region in each of various devices processed at different temperatures in the task of forming a hole transport layer. In one embodiment, the concentration of hole-electron recombination in the light emitting region of an organic light emitting device can be described by a Gaussian form (distribution). Organic light emitting device A, organic light emitting device B, and organic light emitting device C are manufactured in substantially the same manner, and the corresponding layers have the same composition, except for the heat treatment temperature in the task of forming a hole transport layer. Figure 2 The width of the block in shows the relative thickness of the anode and the hole injection layer (HIL), hole transport layer (HTL), emission layer (EML), electron transport layer (ETL), and electron injection layer (EIL) sequentially stacked on the anode in organic light emitting device A, organic light emitting device B, and organic light emitting device C. In Figure 2 In, the region indicated by the dotted line represents a mixed layer region in which the hole transport material and the light emitting material are mixed. In the case of an organic light emitting device in which a heat treatment process is performed at a temperature of 230°C when forming a hole transport layer (device A), the interface mixing is limited, and the thickness of the formed mixed layer is small. Therefore, the electron characteristics of the emission layer can be enhanced or increased, and the recombination region in the emission layer can be positioned close to the first electrode (anode). In this case, the driving characteristics (such as the light emitting efficiency and / or the lifetime) of the device can be deteriorated due to exciton quenching at the interface of the emission layer. As the heat treatment temperature for forming a hole transport layer decreases, the thickness of the mixed layer (dotted line region) increases. Therefore, the hole injection can be improved, and thus, as shown by comparing device A with device B, the recombination region can be shifted toward the second electrode (cathode). However, when a heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 170°C when forming a hole transport layer, the mixed layer of the corresponding organic light emitting device (device C) can be too thick, and thus, the charge balance can be disrupted. Therefore, a high quality organic light emitting device can not be achieved.

[0069] In the organic light emitting device 10 according to one embodiment, in the task of forming a hole transport layer 151, the mixed layer 152 can be formed to a desired or suitable thickness by performing a heat treatment process at a temperature of about 185°C to about 210°C, and thus, a suitable charge balance can be achieved in the emission layer 153, and the efficiency can be improved. Furthermore, because the recombination region is limited to the emission layer 153, exciton quenching occurring at the interface of the emission layer 153 can be suppressed, thereby improving the efficiency and the lifetime.

[0070] In one embodiment, the heat treatment of the composition for forming a hole transport layer 151 can be performed at a temperature of about 190°C to about 210°C (e.g., about 195°C to about 205°C).

[0071] In one embodiment, the heat treatment of the composition for forming the hole transport layer 151 can be performed for about 5 minutes to about 60 minutes, for example, about 30 minutes.

[0072] In one embodiment, the task of forming the hole transport layer 151 can be performed for about 1 minute to about 60 minutes. For example, the formation of the hole transport layer 151 can be performed for about 25 minutes to about 30 minutes. In one or more embodiments, the formation of the hole transport layer 151 can be performed for about 80 seconds to about 90 seconds. When the time for forming the hole transport layer 151 is controlled within the above range in the task of forming the hole transport layer 151 by a solution process, the efficiency and the lifespan of the organic light emitting device 10 manufactured according to the embodiment can be improved.

[0073] In one embodiment, the heat treatment in the task of forming the hole transport layer 151 can be performed under atmospheric conditions or under reduced pressure. In the case of reduced pressure, the pressure can be about 10 -6 millibar (mbar) to about 1 bar, for example, about 10 -6 millibar to about 10 millibar.

[0074] In one embodiment, the drying in the task of forming the emission layer 153 can be performed under atmospheric conditions or under reduced pressure. In the case of reduced pressure, the pressure can be about 10 -6 millibar to about 1 bar, for example, about 10 -6 millibar to about 10 millibar.

[0075] In one embodiment, the mixed layer 152 can have a thickness of about to about (for example, about to about ). When the thickness of the mixed layer 152 satisfies the range, the efficiency of the hole injection into the emission layer 153 is improved, and a suitable charge balance can be achieved in the emission layer 153.

[0076] In one embodiment, the hole transport layer 151 can have a thickness of about to about (for example, about to about ).

[0077] In one embodiment, the emission layer 153 can have a thickness of about to about (for example, about to about ).

[0078] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of the hole transport material to the light emitting material in the mixed layer 152 can be 1:9 to 9:1.

[0079] In one embodiment, the mixed layer 152 can be in such a form (e.g., have a composition in which the hole transport material and the light emitting material are mixed non-uniformly) that the hole transport material and the light emitting material are mixed non-uniformly.

[0080] In one embodiment, after the composition for forming the emission layer 153 is coated, drying of the composition for forming the emission layer 153 is performed for about 5 minutes to about 60 minutes (e.g., about 10 minutes to about 30 minutes) to remove the solvent. The drying time depends on the desired or suitable properties of the mixed layer 152. As the drying time increases, the hole transport layer 151 and the emission layer 153 are allowed to actively (positively) mix for a longer period of time, and thus, the thickness of the mixed layer 152 increases. When the drying time is controlled as described above, the efficiency of hole injection into the emission layer 153 can be improved, and charge balance can be performed (e.g., achieved) in the emission layer 153.

[0081] In one embodiment, in the task of forming the emission layer 153, the drying after the composition for forming the emission layer 153 is coated can be performed at a temperature of about 25℃ to about 100℃ (e.g., about 25℃ to about 60℃). To obtain a substantially uniform emission layer 153, the drying in the task of forming the emission layer 153 can be performed at a relatively low temperature (e.g., room temperature (about 25℃)), but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0082] A second electrode 190 can be formed on the emission layer 153. As a method of forming the second electrode 190, a material for the second electrode 190 can be disposed by a deposition method or a sputtering method. The material for the second electrode 190 will be described later.

[0083] In one embodiment, the second electrode 190 can be a cathode.

[0084] In one embodiment, a hole injection layer can also be included between the task of forming the first electrode 110 and the task of forming the hole transport layer 151. That is, the organic light emitting device 10 manufactured according to one embodiment can also include a hole injection layer between the first electrode 110 and the hole transport layer 151. The material for the hole injection layer and the method of forming the hole injection layer will be described later.

[0085] In one embodiment, the task of forming the hole injection layer can be performed by a solution process, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, a composition for forming the hole injection layer including a hole injection material and a solvent can be coated on the first electrode 110, and then the solvent is removed therefrom to form the hole injection layer. In this regard, the first solvent and the solvent used in the composition for forming the hole injection layer can be orthogonal solvents with respect to each other.

[0086] In one embodiment, it is also possible to include forming at least one layer selected from a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer between the task of forming the emission layer 153 and the task of forming the second electrode 190. That is, the organic light emitting device 10 manufactured according to one embodiment can further include at least one layer selected from a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer between the emission layer 153 and the second electrode 190. The materials used for each layer and the method of forming each layer will be described later.

[0087] In one embodiment, the method can further include forming an electron transport layer on the emission layer 153 and forming an electron injection layer on the electron transport layer between the task of forming the emission layer 153 and the task of forming the second electrode 190. For example, the organic light emitting device 10 manufactured according to one embodiment can include an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and a second electrode 190 in the order of the statement on the emission layer 153. The formation of the electron transport layer and the formation of the electron injection layer can each be performed by vacuum deposition, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0088] Hereinafter, a composition for forming a hole transport layer and a composition for forming an emission layer will be described.

[0089] The composition for forming the hole transport layer can include a hole transport material and a first solvent.

[0090] As the hole transport material, any compound capable of being used in a hole transport region (as described below) can be used.

[0091] For example, the hole transport material can include an arylamine.

[0092] The first solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is capable of dissolving the hole transport material. For example, the first solvent can be toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, mesitylene, propylbenzene, cyclohexylbenzene, dimethoxybenzene, anisole, ethoxytoluene, phenoxytoluene, isopropylbiphenyl, dimethyl anisole, phenyl acetate, phenyl propionate, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, 2-ethylnaphthalene, 2-ethylbiphenyl, or any combination thereof, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0093] In one embodiment, the hole transport material can include a cross-linkable group, and the composition for forming a hole transport layer can further include a cross-linking agent. The cross-linkable group can include a heat-crosslinkable functional group.

[0094] The hole transport material including the cross-linkable group can be a heat-crosslinkable hole transport material. For example, the heat-crosslinkable hole transport material can be a compound including at least one heat-crosslinkable functional group in an arylamine-containing polymer or other low-molecular-weight unit.

[0095] The amount of the hole transport material in the composition for forming a hole transport layer can be about 0.001 wt% to about 20 wt%, for example, about 0.1 wt% to 10 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition for forming a hole transport layer, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. When this range is satisfied, coating properties (e.g., ease of coating the hole transport material) can be improved.

[0096] The composition for forming an emission layer can include a light-emitting material and a second solvent.

[0097] The light-emitting material can include a host and a dopant.

[0098] In one embodiment, the host can include at least one compound selected from anthracene-based compounds, pyrene-based compounds, and spirobifluorene-based compounds.

[0099] In one embodiment, the host can be or can include (as described below) a compound capable of being used in an emission layer.

[0100] In one embodiment, the dopant can include at least one selected from fluorescent dopants and phosphorescent dopants. The dopant can be or can include (as described below) a compound capable of being used in an emission layer.

[0101] The second solvent is not limited as long as it is capable of dissolving the light-emitting material (e.g., for an emission layer). For example, the second solvent can be toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, mesitylene, propylbenzene, cyclohexylbenzene, dimethoxybenzene, anisole, ethoxytoluene, phenoxytoluene, isopropylbiphenyl, diisopropylbiphenyl, dimethyl anisole, phenyl acetate, phenyl propionate, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl methyl benzoate, or any combination thereof, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0102] The amount of the light-emitting material in the composition for forming an emission layer can be about 0.001 wt% to about 20 wt%, for example, about 0.1 wt% to 10 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition for forming an emission layer, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. When this range is satisfied, coating properties can be improved.

[0103] The solubility (dissolving capacity) of the second solvent relative to the first solvent may be 20% or less (e.g., the capacity or ability of the second solvent to dissolve a given material, such as that used to form a hole transport layer or underlayer, may be lower than the capacity or ability of the first solvent to dissolve such a given material, such as that used to form a hole transport layer or underlayer; for example, the second solvent may dissolve only 20% or less of the material compared to 100% dissolving by the first solvent), but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the first solvent and the second solvent may be substantially orthogonal solvents, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0104] In the following text, reference will be made to Figure 1 The structure of the organic light-emitting device 10 and the method for forming the various layers are described.

[0105] First electrode 110

[0106] exist Figure 1 In this configuration, the substrate can be located below the first electrode 110 and / or above the second electrode 190. The substrate can be a glass substrate and / or a plastic substrate, both possessing excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and / or water resistance.

[0107] The first electrode 110 can be formed, for example, by depositing or sputtering the material used to form the first electrode 110 onto a substrate. When the first electrode 110 is an anode, the material used for the first electrode 110 can be selected from materials with high work function to facilitate hole injection.

[0108] The first electrode 110 can be a reflective electrode, a semi-transparent electrode, or a transmissive electrode. When the first electrode 110 is a transmissive electrode, the material used to form the first electrode 110 can be selected from indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and any combination thereof, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. In one or more embodiments, when the first electrode 110 is a semi-transparent electrode or a reflective electrode, the material used to form the first electrode 110 can be selected from magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), and any combination thereof, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0109] The first electrode 110 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure including two or more layers. For example, the first electrode 110 may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO, but the structure of the first electrode 110 is not limited to this.

[0110] Hole transport layer 151, mixing layer 152 and emitter layer 153 can be stacked sequentially on the first electrode 110.

[0111] In some embodiments, the organic light emitting device 10 can further include a hole transport region between the first electrode 110 and the emission layer 153 and an electron transport region between the emission layer 153 and the second electrode 190.

[0112] Hole transport region

[0113] The organic layer between the first electrode 110 and the emission layer 153 can be collectively referred to as a hole transport region.

[0114] The hole transport region can have: i) a single layer structure including a single material; ii) a single layer structure including a plurality of different materials; or iii) a multi-layer structure having a plurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

[0115] The hole transport region includes a hole transport layer 151 and a mixed layer 152.

[0116] In some embodiments, the hole transport region can further include a hole injection layer between the first electrode 110 and the hole transport layer 151.

[0117] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region can have a multi-layer structure of a hole injection layer / hole transport layer 151 / mixed layer 152 or a multi-layer structure of a hole transport layer 151 / mixed layer 152, which are sequentially stacked in the order of each recited from the first electrode 110.

[0118] The hole transport region can include at least one selected from m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB (NPD), β-NPB, TPD, Spiro-TPD, Spiro-NPB, methylated NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4',4"-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI / DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS), polyaniline / camphor sulfonic acid (PANI / CSA), polyaniline / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI / PSS), a compound represented by Formula 201, and a compound represented by Formula 202:

[0119]

[0120]

[0121] In Formula 201 and Formula 202,

[0122] L 201 to L 204 may each be independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10 Cycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Hypoaryl, substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic condensed polycyclic groups, and substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic condensed heterocyclic groups.

[0123] L 205 It can be selected from *-O-*', *-S-*', *-N(Q) 201 )-*', substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 Alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 20 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Hypoaryl, substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic condensed polycyclic groups, and substituted or unsubstituted divalent nonaromatic condensed heterocyclic groups.

[0124] xa1 to xa4 can each be an independent integer from 0 to 3.

[0125] xa5 can be an integer from 1 to 10, and

[0126] R 201 To R 204 and Q 201 Each can be independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C3-C. 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 Arylthio, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic condensed polycyclic groups, and substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic condensed heterocyclic groups.

[0127] For example, in Formula 202, R 201 and R 202 may be optionally connected to each other via a single bond, a dimethyl- methylene, or a diphenyl-methylene, R 203 and R 204 may be optionally connected to each other via a single bond, a dimethyl- methylene, or a diphenyl-methylene.

[0128] In one embodiment, in Formula 201 and Formula 202,

[0129] L 201 to L 205 may each be independently selected from:

[0130] phenylene, indenylene, indenyl, azulenyl, heptalene, indacene, acenaphthyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, dibenzofluorenyl, phenalenyl, phenanthrenyl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrenyl, naphthacenyl, tetraphenyl, chrysenyl, perylenyl, pentaphenyl, hexaphenyl, pentacenyl, coronenyl, ovalenyl, thiophenyl, furanyl, carbazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, benzocarbazolyl, dibenzocarbazolyl, dibenzothiazolyl, and pyridyl; and

[0131] each is substituted with from one to three groups independently selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazone, C1-C 20 alkyl, C1-C 20 alkoxy, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, phenyl substituted with C1-C 10 alkyl, phenyl substituted with -F, indenyl, indenyl, azulenyl, heptalene, indacene, acenaphthyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, dibenzofluorenyl, phenalenyl, phenanthrenyl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrenyl, naphthacenyl, tetraphenyl, chrysenyl, perylenyl, pentaphenyl, hexaphenyl, pentacenyl, coronenyl, ovalenyl, thiophenyl, furanyl, carbazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, benzocarbazolyl, dibenzocarbazolyl, dibenzothiazolyl, and pyridyl; and 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), and -N(Q 31 )(Q 32phenylene, indenylene, naphthylene, azulenylene, indacene, indenocenylene, fluorenylene, spirobifluorenylene, benzofluorenylene, dibenzofluorenylene, phenalenylene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, benzo[9,10]phenanthrene, pyrene, tetracene, chrysene, naphthacene, coronene, pentaphene, hexacene, pentacene, coronulene, ovalene, thiophenylene, furanylene, carbazolylene, indolylene, isoindolylene, benzofuranylene, benzothiophenylene, dibenzofuranylene, dibenzothiophenylene, benzocarbazolylene, dibenzocarbazolylene, dithiophenolylene, and pyridinylene,

[0132] wherein Q 31 to Q 33 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of C1-C 10 alkyl, C1-C 10 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, and naphthyl.

[0133] In one or more embodiments, xa1 to xa4 can each independently be 0, 1, or 2.

[0134] In one or more embodiments, xa5 can be 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[0135] In one or more embodiments, R 201 to R 204 and Q 201 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, indenocenylene, indenylene, naphthylene, azulenylene, indacene, indenocenylene, fluorenylene, spirobifluorenylene, benzofluorenylene, dibenzofluorenylene, phenalenylene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, benzo[9,10]phenanthrene, pyrene, tetracene, chrysene, naphthacene, coronene, pentaphene, hexacene, pentacene, coronulene, ovalene, thiophenylene, furanylene, carbazolylene, indolylene, isoindolylene, benzofuranylene, benzothiophenylene, dibenzofuranylene, dibenzothiophenylene, benzocarbazolylene, dibenzocarbazolylene, dithiophenolylene, and pyridinylene; and

[0136] each independently substituted with deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 alkyl, C1-C 20 alkoxy, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, substituted with C1-C 10 ​​Alkyl phenyl, substituted -F phenyl, cyclopentadienyl, indene, naphthyl, chamomilecycloyl, heptalenyl, indaneyl, acenaphthyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, dibenzo[9,10]fluorenyl, pyrene alkyl, tetraphenyl, francyl, perylene, pentylenetyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, rubidyl, benzoyl, leucophenyl, thiophene, furanyl, carbazole, indole, isoindole, benzofuranyl, benzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophene, benzocarbazole, dibenzocarbazole, dibenzothiophene, pyridyl, -Si(Q) 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 ) and -N(Q 31 (Q) 32 The following are selected from at least one of the following: phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, cyclopentadienyl, indole, naphthyl, chamomilecycloyl, heptalenyl, indoleyl, acenaphthyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrene, alkyl, tetraphenyl, francyl, perylene, pentylenetyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, rubidyl, benzoyl, leucophenyl, thienyl, furanyl, carbazoleyl, indoleyl, isoindoleyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiopheneyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, benzocarbazoleyl, dibenzocarbazoleyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, and pyridyl.

[0137] Among them, Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be independently identical to the description above.

[0138] In one or more embodiments, R from formula 201 201 To R 203 At least one of the selected items can be independently selected from:

[0139] Fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, carbazole, dibenzofuranyl and dibenzothiopheneyl; and

[0140] All are substituted with groups ranging from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, substituted with C1-C 10 The alkyl group of phenyl, the phenyl group substituted with -F, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, carbazole, dibenzofuranyl and dibenzothiopheneyl are selected from at least one of the following: fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, carbazole, dibenzofuranyl and dibenzothiopheneyl.

[0141] However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0142] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 202, i) R 201 and R 202 may be connected to each other via a single bond, and / or ii) R 203 and R 204 may be connected to each other via a single bond.

[0143] In one or more embodiments, R 201 to R 204 may each be independently selected from:

[0144] a carbazolyl group; and

[0145] substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C1-C 20 alkyl group, a C1-C 20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C1-C 10 alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with -F, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spirobifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group,

[0146] However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0147] In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 201 can be represented by Formula 201A:

[0148] Formula 201A

[0149]

[0150] In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 201 can be represented by Formula 201A(1), but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

[0151] Formula 201A(1)

[0152]

[0153] In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 201 can be represented by Formula 201A-1, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

[0154] Formula 201A-1

[0155]

[0156] In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by formula 202 can be represented by formula 202A:

[0157] Formula 202A

[0158]

[0159] In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by formula 202 can be represented by formula 202A-1:

[0160] Formula 202A-1

[0161]

[0162] In Equations 201A, 201A(1), 201A-1, 202A, and 202A-1,

[0163] L 201 To L 203 xa1 to xa3, xa5 and R 202 To R 204 Each can be independently identical to the description above.

[0164] R 211 and R 212 They can all independently bind with R 203 The descriptions are the same, and

[0165] R 213 To R 217 Each group can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, substituted with C1-C 10 Alkyl phenyl, substituted -F phenyl, cyclopentadienyl, indene, naphthyl, chamomilecycloyl, heptalenyl, indaneyl, acenaphthyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, dibenzo[9,10]fluorenyl, pyrene alkyl, tetraphenyl, furanyl, perylene, pentyranyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, rubidyl, benzoyl, leucophenyl, thiophenyl, furanyl, carbazoyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, benzocarbazoyl, dibenzocarbazoyl, dibenzothiophenyl, and pyridyl.

[0166] The hole transport region may include at least one compound selected from compounds HT1 to HT39, but the compounds included in the hole transport region are not limited to these:

[0167]

[0168]

[0169]

[0170] The thickness of the hole transport region can be approximately to approximately For example, approximately to approximately When the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, the thickness of the hole injection layer can be approximately to approximately For example, approximately to approximately The thickness of the hole transport layer 151 can be approximately to approximately For example, approximately to approximately When the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer 151 are within these ranges, satisfactory hole transport characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0171] p-dopant

[0172] In addition to these materials, the hole transport region can include a charge generation material for improving the conductive properties. The charge generation material can be dispersed substantially uniformly or non-uniformly in the hole transport region.

[0173] The charge generation material can be, for example, a p-dopant.

[0174] In one embodiment, the p-dopant can have a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of -3.5 eV or less.

[0175] The p-dopant can include at least one selected from a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano-containing compound, but embodiments of the disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0176] In one embodiment, the p-dopant can include at least one selected from the following compounds:

[0177] a quinone derivative such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ);

[0178] a metal oxide such as tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide;

[0179] 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylenehexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN); and

[0180] a compound represented by formula 221,

[0181] However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

[0182]

[0183]

[0184] In formula 221,

[0185] R 221 to R 223 may each be independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and at least one selected from R 221 to R 223 may have at least one substituent selected from cyano, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, C1-C 20 alkyl substituted with -F, C1-C 20 alkyl substituted with -Cl, C1-C 20 alkyl substituted with -Br, and C1-C 20 alkyl substituted with -I.

[0186] The emission layer 153 in the organic layer 150

[0187] When the organic light emitting device 10 is a full-color organic light emitting device, the emission layer 153 can be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and / or a blue emission layer according to sub-pixels. In one or more embodiments, the emission layer 153 can have a stacked structure of two or more layers selected from a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer, wherein the two or more layers can be in contact with each other or can be separated from each other. In one or more embodiments, the emission layer 153 can include two or more materials selected from a red light emitting material, a green light emitting material, and a blue light emitting material, wherein the two or more materials are mixed with each other in a single layer to emit white light.

[0188] The emission layer 153 can include a host and a dopant. The dopant can include at least one selected from a phosphorescent dopant and a fluorescent dopant.

[0189] The amount of the dopant in the emission layer 153 can be about 0.01 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight, based on about 100 parts by weight of the host, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0190] The thickness of the emission layer 153 can be about 1 nm to about 100 nm, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. to about 50 nm, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the thickness of the emission layer 153 can be about 1 nm to about 20 nm, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. to about 50 nm, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. When the thickness of the emission layer 153 is in the range, excellent light emitting characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0191] The host of the emission layer 153

[0192] In one or more embodiments, the host can include a compound represented by Formula 301:

[0193] Formula 301

[0194] [Ar 301 ] xb11 -[(L 301 xb1 -R 301 ] xb21 .

[0195] In Formula 301,

[0196] Ar 301 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C 60 carbocyclyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heterocyclyl,

[0197] xb11may be 1, 2, or 3,

[0198] L 301 may be selected from substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroarylene, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclyl, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclyl,

[0199] xb1may be an integer of 0 to 5,

[0200] R 301 ​It can be selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazine, hydrazone, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C. 60 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 Alkyne, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 Arylthio, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic condensed polycyclic groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic condensed heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q 301 (Q) 302 (Q) 303 -N(Q) 301 (Q) 302 -B(Q) 301 (Q) 302 -C(=O)(Q) 301 -S(=O)2(Q) 301 ) and -P(=O)(Q 301 (Q) 302 ),and

[0201] xb21 can be an integer from 1 to 5.

[0202] Among them, Q 301 To Q 303 Each can be independently selected from C1-C 10 Alkyl, C1-C 10 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, and naphthyl, but the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0203] In one embodiment, Ar in formula 301 301 It can be selected from:

[0204] Naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[9,10]fluorenyl, dibenzo[9,10]fluorenyl, phenanthyl, anthraceneyl, fluoranthyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthyl, pyrene, alkyl, tetraphenyl, francyl, perylene, penfenyl, indanethenyl, dibenzofuranyl and dibenzothiophenyl; and

[0205] each independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazone, C1-C20 alkyl, C1-C20 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, -Si(Q 20 alkyl, C1-C 20 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), -N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -C(=O)(Q 31 ), -S(=O)2(Q 31 ), and -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, dibenzofluorenyl, phenalenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrenyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, dibenzofluorenyl, phenalenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrenyl,

[0206] wherein Q 31 to Q 33 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of C1-C 10 alkyl, C1-C 10 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, and naphthyl, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0207] When xb11 in formula 301 is two or more, two or more Ar 301 may be connected via a single bond.

[0208] In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by formula 301 can be represented by one of formula 301-1 and formula 301-2:

[0209] Formula 301-1

[0210]

[0211] Formula 301-2

[0212]

[0213] In formula 301-1 and formula 301-2,

[0214] A 301 to A 304 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a phenanthrene ring, a fluoranthene ring, a benzo[9,10]phenanthrene ring, a pyrene ring, Rings, pyridine rings, pyrimidine rings, indene rings, fluorene rings, spirobisfluorene rings, benzo[a]fluorene rings, dibenzo[a]fluorene rings, indole rings, carbazole rings, benzo[a]carbazole rings, dibenzo[a]carbazole rings, furan rings, benzo[a]furan rings, dibenzo[a]furan rings, naphtho[a]furan rings, benzo[a]naphtho[a]furan rings, dinaphtho[a]furan rings, thiophene rings, benzo[a]thiophene rings, dibenzo[a]thiophene rings, naphtho[a]thiophene rings, benzo[a]naphtho[a]thiophene rings, and dinaphtho[a]thiophene rings.

[0215] X 301 It can be O, S or N-[(L 304 ) xb4 -R 304 ],

[0216] R 311 To R 314 Each group can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, -Si(Q) 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) and -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 ),

[0217] xb22 and xb23 can each be independently 0, 1, or 2.

[0218] L 301 xb1, R 301 and Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be independently identical to the description above.

[0219] L 302 To L 304 They can all independently bind with L 301 The descriptions are the same.

[0220] xb2 to xb4 can all be independently identical to those described in conjunction with xb1, and

[0221] R 302 To R 304 They can all independently bind with R 301 The descriptions are the same.

[0222] For example, L in Formula 301, Formula 301-1, and Formula 301-2 301 to L 304 may each independently be selected from:

[0223] phenylene, naphthylene, fluorenylene, spirobifluorenylene, benzofluorenylene, dibenzofluorenylene, phenanthrylene, anthrylene, fluoranthenylene, benzo[9,10]phenanthrylene, pyrenylene, phenylene, naphthylene, fluorenylene, spirobifluorenylene, benzofluorenylene, dibenzofluorenylene, phenanthrylene, anthrylene, fluoranthenylene, benzo[9,10]phenanthrylene, pyrenylene,

[0224] each independently substituted with from one to three groups independently selected from deuterium, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazone, C1-C 20 alkyl, C1-C 20 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, dibenzofluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrenyl, phenylene, naphthylene, fluorenylene, spirobifluorenylene, benzofluorenylene, dibenzofluorenylene, phenanthrylene, anthrylene, fluoranthenylene, benzo[9,10]phenanthrylene, pyrenylene, 31 alkyl, C1-C 32 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, dibenzofluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrenyl, 33 alkyl, C1-C 31 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, dibenzofluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrenyl, 32 alkyl, C1-C 31 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, dibenzofluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrenyl,32 ), -C(=O)(Q 31 ), -S(=O)2(Q 31 ), and -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ) selected from at least one of phenylene, naphthylene, fluorenylene, spirobifluorenylene, benzofluorenylene, dibenzofluorenylene, phenanthrylene, anthrylene, fluoranthenylene, benzo[9,10]phenanthrylene, pyrenylene, pyrenylene, perylenylene, pentaphenylene, hexaphenylene, pentacenylene, benzo[9,10]phenanthrylene, pyrenylene, perylenylene, pentaphenylene, hexaphenylene, thienylene, furanylene, carbazolylene, indolylene, isoindolylene, benzofuranylene, benzothiophenylene, dibenzofuranylene, dibenzothiophenylene, benzocarbazolylene, dibenzocarbazolylene, dibenzosilolylene, pyridinylene, imidazolylene, pyrazolylene, thiazolylene, isothiazolylene, oxazolylene, isoxazolylene, thiadiazolylene, oxadiazolylene, pyrazinylene, pyrimidinylene, pyridazinylene, triazinylene, quinolinylene, isoquinolinylene, benzoquinolinylene, phthalazinylene, naphthrydinylene, quinoxalinylene, quinazolinylene, cinnolinylene, phenanthridinylene, acridinylene, phenanthrolinylene, phenoxazinylene, benzimidazolylene, isobenzothiazolylene, benzoxazolylene, isobenzoxazolylene, triazolylene, tetrazolylene, imidazopyridinylene, imidazopyrimidinylene, and azacarbazolylene,

[0225] wherein Q 31 to Q 33 may each independently be the same as described above.

[0226] In one embodiment, R 301 to R 304 may each independently be selected from:

[0227] phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, dibenzofluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrenyl, pyrenylene, perylenylene, pentaphenylene, hexaphenylene, thienylene, furanylene, carbazolylene, indolylene, isoindolylene, benzofuranylene, benzothiophenylene, dibenzofuranylene, dibenzothiophenylene, benzocarbazolylene, dibenzocarbazolylene, dibenzosilolylene, pyridinylene, imidazolylene, pyrazolylene, thiazolylene, isothiazolylene, oxazolylene, isoxazolylene, thiadiazolylene, oxadiazolylene, pyrazinylene, pyrimidinylene, pyridazinylene, triazinylene, quinolinylene, isoquinolinylene, benzoquinolinylene, phthalazinylene, naphthrydinylene, quinoxalinylene, quinazolinylene, cinnolinylene, phenanthridinylene, acridinylene, phenanthrolinylene, phenoxazinylene, benzimidazolylene, isobenzothiazolylene, benzoxazolylene, isobenzoxazolylene, triazolylene, tetrazolylene, imidazopyridinylene, imidazopyrimidinylene, and azacarbazolylene,

[0228] All are substituted with groups ranging from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[9,10]fluorenyl, dibenzo[9,10]fluorenyl, pyrene, Peryl, pentylenyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, thienyl, furanyl, carbazole, indole, isoindole, benzofuranyl, benzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophene, benzocarbazole, dibenzocarbazole, dibenzothiophene, pyridinyl, imidazole, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyridinyl Azinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphridinyl, quinoxolinyl, quinazolinyl, cenolinyl, phenanthridineyl, acridineyl, phenanthroxolinyl, phenazinyl, benzimidazolyl, isobenzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, isobenzoxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, azacarbazolyl, -Si(Q) 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) and -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 The following are selected from at least one of the following: phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[9,10]fluorenyl, dibenzo[9,10]fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthraceneyl, fluoranthraceneyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyreneyl, Peryl, pentylenyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, thienyl, furanyl, carbazole, indole, isoindole, benzofuranyl, benzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophene, benzocarbazole, dibenzocarbazole, dibenzothiophene, pyridyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl Pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphridinyl, quinoxolinyl, quinazolinyl, cenolinyl, phenanthridineyl, acridineyl, phenanthroxolinyl, phenazinyl, benzimidazolyl, isobenzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, isobenzoxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, and azacarbazolyl.

[0229] Among them, Q31 to Q 33 may each independently be the same as described above.

[0230] In one or more embodiments, the host can include an alkaline earth metal complex. For example, the host can be selected from a Be complex (e.g., compound H55) and a Mg complex. In some embodiments, the host can be a Zn complex.

[0231] The host can include at least one selected from 9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (ADN), 2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (MADN), 9,10-di(2-naphthyl)-2-tert-butyl-anthracene (TBADN), 4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP), 1,3-di-9-carbazolylbenzene (mCP), 1,3,5-tris(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (TCP), and compounds H1 to H55, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

[0232]

[0233]

[0234]

[0235] Phosphorescent dopant included in the emission layer 153

[0236] The phosphorescent dopant can include an organometallic complex represented by Formula 401:

[0237] Formula 401

[0238] M(L 401 ) xc1 (L 402 ) xc2

[0239] Formula 402

[0240]

[0241] In Formula 401 and Formula 402,

[0242] M can be selected from iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), rhodium (Rh), and thulium (Tm),

[0243] L 401 may be a ligand represented by Formula 402, and xc1may be 1, 2, or 3, wherein, when xc1is two or more, two or more L 401 may be the same as or different from each other,

[0244] L 402 may be an organic ligand, xc2may be an integer from 0 to 4, wherein, when xc2may be two or more, two or more L 402 may be the same or different from each other,

[0245] X 401 to X 404 may each independently be nitrogen or carbon,

[0246] X 401 and X 403 may be connected via a single bond or a double bond, X 402 and X 404 may be connected via a single bond or a double bond,

[0247] A 401 and A 402 may each independently be C5-C 60 carbocyclyl or C1-C 60 heterocyclyl,

[0248] X 405 may be a single bond, *-O-*', *-S-*', *-C(=O)-*', *-N(Q 411 )-*', *-C(Q 411 )(Q 412 )-*', *-C(Q 411 )=C(Q 412 )-*', *-C(Q 411 )=* or =C=*, wherein Q 411 and Q 412 may be hydrogen, deuterium, C1-C 20 alkyl, C1-C 20 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl or naphthyl,

[0249] X 406 may be a single bond, O or S,

[0250] R 401 and R 402 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10Heterocyclic alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 Arylthio, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic condensed polycyclic groups, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent nonaromatic condensed heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q 401 (Q) 402 (Q) 403 -N(Q) 401 (Q) 402 -B(Q) 401 (Q) 402 -C(=O)(Q) 401 -S(=O)2(Q) 401 ) and -P(=O)(Q 401 (Q) 402 ), and Q 401 To Q 403 Each can be independently selected from C1-C 10 Alkyl, C1-C 10 Alkoxy, C6-C 20 Aryl and C1-C 20 Mixed aromatics,

[0251] xc11 and xc12 can both be independent integers from 0 to 3, and

[0252] In Equation 402, * and *' both represent the binding position with M in Equation 401.

[0253] In one embodiment, A in Equation 402 401 and A 402 They can all be independently selected from phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, indyl, pyrroleyl, thiopheneyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, quinoxolinyl, carbazoleyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiopheneyl, isobenzothiopheneyl, benzooxazolyl, isobenzooxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazinyl, dibenzofuranyl, and dibenzothiopheneyl.

[0254] In one or more embodiments, in formula 402, i)X 401 It can be nitrogen, X 402 It can be carbon, or ii)X 401 and X 402 Both can be nitrogen.

[0255] In one or more embodiments, R in formula 402 401 and R 402 may each independently be selected from:

[0256] hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 alkyl, and C1-C 20 alkoxy;

[0257] each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 alkyl, and C1-C 20 alkoxy;

[0258] cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, adamantyl, norbornyl, norbornenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, carbazolyl, dibenzofuranyl, and dibenzothiophenyl;

[0259] each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 alkyl, C1-C 20 alkoxy, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, adamantyl, norbornyl, norbornenyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, carbazolyl, dibenzofuranyl, and dibenzothiophenyl;

[0260] -Si(Q 401 )(Q 402 )(Q 403 ), -N(Q 401 )(Q 402 ), -B(Q 401 )(Q 402 ), -C(=0)(Q 401 ), -S(=0)2(Q 401 ), and -P(=0)(Q 401 )(Q 402 ),

[0261] Among them, Q 401 To Q 403 Each can be independently selected from C1-C 10 Alkyl, C1-C 10 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, and naphthyl groups are used, but the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0262] In one or more embodiments, when xc1 in equation 401 is two or greater, two or more L 401 The two A's in 401 Optionally via X as a linking group 407 Connected to each other, and the two A's 402 Optionally via X as a linking group 408 They are interconnected (see compounds PD1 through PD4 and PD7). X 407 and X 408 They can all be independent single bonds, *-O-*', *-S-*', *-C(=O)-*', *-N(Q) 413 )-*'、*-C(Q 413 (Q) 414 )-*' or *-C(Q 413 )=C(Q 414 )-*'(where Q 413 and Q 414 They can all be independently hydrogen, deuterium, or C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl or naphthyl), but the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0263] L in Equation 401 402 It can be a monovalent, divalent, or trivalent organic ligand. For example, L... 402 The components may be selected from halogens, diketones (e.g., acetylacetone (compound)), carboxylic acids (e.g., pyridinecarboxylic acid (salt)), -C (=O), isonitriles, -CN and phosphorus-containing substances (e.g., phosphine or phosphorous acid (salt)), but the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0264] In one or more embodiments, the phosphorescent dopant may be selected from, for example, compounds PD1 to PD25, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto:

[0265]

[0266] Fluorescent dopant in emitter layer 153

[0267] Fluorescent dopants may include arylamine compounds or styreneamine compounds.

[0268] The fluorescent dopant can include a compound represented by Formula 501:

[0269] Formula 501

[0270]

[0271] In Formula 501,

[0272] Ar 501 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C 60 carbocyclyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heterocyclyl,

[0273] L 501 to L 503 may each independently be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkylene, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkylene, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenylene, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenylene, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroarylene, a substituted or unsubstituted bivalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclyl, and a substituted or unsubstituted bivalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclyl,

[0274] xd1 to xd3 can each independently be an integer of 0 to 3,

[0275] R 501 and R 502 may each independently be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylthio, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroaryl, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclyl, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclyl, and

[0276] xd4 can be an integer of 1 to 6.

[0277] In one embodiment, Ar 501 may be selected from:

[0278] naphthyl, heptacenyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, dibenzofluorenyl, phenalenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrenyl, tetracenyl, chrysenyl, pyrenyl, pentaphenyl, indanthryl, and indenophenanthryl; and

[0279] each independently substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazone, C1-C 20 alkyl, C1-C 20 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, and naphthyl, heptacenyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, dibenzofluorenyl, phenalenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrenyl, tetracenyl, chrysenyl, pyrenyl, pentaphenyl, indanthryl, and indenophenanthryl.

[0280] In one or more embodiments, L 501 to L 503 may each independently be selected from:

[0281] phenylene, naphthylene, fluorenylene, spirobifluorenylene, benzofluorenylene, dibenzofluorenylene, phenanthrylene, anthrylene, fluoranthrylene, benzo[9,10]phenanthrylene, pyrenylene, tetracenylene, chrysenylene, pyrenylene, pentaphenylene, hexaceneylene, pentacenylene, thiophenylene, furanylene, carbazolylene, indolylene, isoindolylene, benzofuranylene, benzothiophenylene, dibenzofuranylene, dibenzothiophenylene, benzocarbazolylene, dibenzocarbazolylene, dibenzothiazolylene, and pyridinylene; and

[0282] each independently substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazone, C1-C 20 alkyl, C1-C 20 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, dibenzofluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrenyl, tetracenyl, chrysenyl, pyrenyl, pentaphenyl, indanthryl, and indenophenanthryl. phenylene, perylenylene, pentaphenylene, hexacenylene, pentacenylene, thienylene, furanylene, carbazolylene, indolylene, isoindolylene, benzofuranylene, benzothiophenylene, dibenzofuranylene, dibenzothiophenylene, benzocarbazolylene, dibenzocarbazolylene, dithianthrylene, and pyridinylene.

[0283] R501in formula 501 can be independently selected from: 501 R501in formula 501 can be independently selected from: 502 R501in formula 501 can be independently selected from:

[0284] phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzo fluorenyl, dibenzo fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrenyl, perylene, pentaphenyl, hexaphenyl, pentacenyl, thienyl, furanyl, carbazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, benzocarbazolyl, dibenzocarbazolyl, dithianthryl, and pyridinyl; and

[0285] each of R501in formula 501 can be independently selected from phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzo fluorenyl, dibenzo fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrenyl, 20 alkyl, C1-C 20 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzo fluorenyl, dibenzo fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrenyl, perylene, pentaphenyl, hexaphenyl, pentacenyl, thienyl, furanyl, carbazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, benzocarbazolyl, dibenzocarbazolyl, dithianthryl, pyridinyl, and -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 alkyl, C1-C perylene, pentaphenyl, hexaphenyl, pentacenyl, thienyl, furanyl, carbazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, benzocarbazolyl, dibenzocarbazolyl, dithianthryl, and pyridinyl,

[0286] wherein Q 31 to Q 33 can be independently selected from C1-C 10 alkyl, C1-C 10 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, and naphthyl.

[0287] In one or more embodiments, xd4 in Formula 501 can be 2, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0288] In some embodiments, for example, the fluorescent dopant can be selected from the group consisting of Compound FD1 to Compound FD22:

[0289]

[0290]

[0291]

[0292] In one or more embodiments, the fluorescent dopant can be selected from the group consisting of the following compounds, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

[0293]

[0294] Electron transport region in organic layer 150

[0295] The electron transport region can have: i) a single layer structure including a single material; ii) a single layer structure including a plurality of different materials; or iii) a multi-layer structure having a plurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

[0296] The electron transport region can include at least one selected from a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0297] For example, the electron transport region can have an electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, a hole blocking layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, an electron control layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, or a buffer layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, in which the constituent layers of each structure are sequentially stacked from the emission layer 153 in the order stated. However, embodiments of the structure of the electron transport region are not limited thereto.

[0298] The electron transport region (e.g., the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, the electron control layer, and / or the electron transport layer in the electron transport region) can include a metal-free compound including at least one π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring.

[0299] The term "π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring" refers to a C1-C 60 heterocyclyl.

[0300] For example, the "poorly π-electron donating nitrogen-containing ring" can be: i) a 5- to 7-membered heteromonocyclic group having at least one *-N= * moiety; ii) a heteropolycyclic group in which two or more 5- to 7-membered heteromonocyclic groups each having at least one *-N= * moiety are condensed with each other; or iii) a heteropolycyclic group in which at least one 5- to 7-membered heteromonocyclic group having at least one *-N= * moiety is condensed with at least one C5-C 60 a carbocyclyl-condensed heteropolycyclic group.

[0301] Non-limiting examples of the poorly π-electron donating nitrogen-containing ring include an imidazole ring, a pyrazole ring, a thiazole ring, an isothiazole ring, an oxazole ring, an isoxazole ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyridazine ring, an indazole ring, a purine ring, a quinoline ring, an isoquinoline ring, a benzoquinoline ring, a phthalazine ring, a naphthyridine ring, a quinoxaline ring, a quinazoline ring, a cinnoline ring, a phenanthridine ring, an acridine ring, a phenanthroline ring, a phenoxazine ring, a benzimidazole ring, an isobenzothiazole ring, a benzoxazole ring, an isobenzoxazole ring, a triazole ring, a tetrazole ring, an oxadiazole ring, a triazine ring, a thiadiazole ring, an imidazopyridine ring, an imidazopyrimidine ring, and an azacarbazole ring, but are not limited thereto.

[0302] In some embodiments, for example, the electron transport region can include a compound represented by Formula 601:

[0303] Formula 601

[0304] [Ar 601 ] xe11 -[(L 601 ) xe1 -R 601 ] xe21 .

[0305] In Formula 601,

[0306] Ar 601 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C 60 carbocyclyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heterocyclyl,

[0307] xe11may be 1, 2, or 3,

[0308] L 601 may be selected from substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylene, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60heteroarylene, substituted or unsubstituted bivalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and substituted or unsubstituted bivalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

[0309] xe1may be an integer of 0 to 5,

[0310] R 601 may be selected from substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C 60 arylthio, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q 601 )(Q 602 )(Q 603 ), -C(=O)(Q 601 ), -S(=O)2(Q 601 ), and -P(=O)(Q 601 )(Q 602 ),

[0311] Q 601 to Q 603 may each independently be C1-C 10 alkyl, C1-C 10 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, or naphthyl, and

[0312] xe21may be an integer of 1 to 5.

[0313] In one embodiment, at least one of xe11numbers of Ar 601 and xe21numbers of R 601 may include a π-electron poor nitrogen-containing ring.

[0314] In one embodiment, Ar 601 in formula 601 may be selected from:

[0315] phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzo fluorenyl, dibenzo fluorenyl, phenalenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrenyl, alkyl, tetraphenyl, francyl, perylene, penfenyl, indoxanthracene, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, carbazoyl, imidazoyl, pyrazolyl, thiazoyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indazoleyl, purinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphridinyl, quinoxolinyl, quinazolinyl, cenolinyl, phenanthridine, acridineyl, phenanthroxolinyl, phenazinyl, benzimidazolyl, isobenzothiazoyl, benzooxazolyl, isobenzooxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazinyl, thiadiazolyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidinyl and azacarbazoyl; and

[0316] All are substituted with groups ranging from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, -Si(Q) 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) and -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 The following are selected from at least one of the following: phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[9,10]fluorenyl, dibenzo[9,10]fluorenyl, phenanthyl, anthraceneyl, fluoranthyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthyl, pyreneyl, The following groups are listed: alkyl, tetraphenyl, francyl, perylene, penfenyl, indoxanthracene, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, carbazoyl, imidazoyl, pyrazolyl, thiazoyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indazole, purinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphridinyl, quinoxolinyl, quinazolinyl, cenolinyl, phenanthridine, acridineyl, phenanthroxolinyl, phenazinyl, benzimidazolyl, isobenzothiazoyl, benzooxazolyl, isobenzooxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazinyl, thiadiazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, and azacarbazoyl.

[0317] Among them, Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be independently selected from C1-C 10 Alkyl, C1-C 10 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, and naphthyl.

[0318] When xe11 in equation 601 is 2 or greater, two or more Ar 601 They can be connected to each other via a single key.

[0319] In one or more embodiments, Ar in Formula 601 601 It can be anthracene-based.

[0320] In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by formula 601 can be represented by formula 601-1:

[0321] Formula 601-1

[0322]

[0323] In Equation 601-1,

[0324] X 614 It can be N or C(R) 614 ), X 615 It can be N or C(R) 615 ), X 616 It can be N or C(R) 616 ), and X 614 To X 616 At least one of them can be N,

[0325] L 611 To L 613 Each can independently bind with L 601 The descriptions are the same.

[0326] xe611 to xe613 can all be independently identical to those described in conjunction with xe1.

[0327] R 611 To R 613 They can all independently bind with R 601 The descriptions are the same, and

[0328] R 614 To R 616 Each group can be independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidine, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, and naphthyl.

[0329] In one embodiment, L in Equation 601 601 L in Equation 601-1 611 To L 613 Each can be independently selected from:

[0330] Phenylidene, naphthylene, fluorene, spirodifluorene, benzo[a]fluorene, dibenzo[a]fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluorenylanethyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthrene, pyrene, phenanthrene phenylene, naphthylene, fluorenylene, spirobifluorenylene, benzofluorenylene, dibenzofluorenylene, phenanthrylene, anthrylene, fluoranthenylene, benzo[9,10]phenanthrylene, pyrenylene,

[0331] substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of deuterium, -F, -CI, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazone, C1-C20 alkyl, C1-C20 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, dibenzofluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrenyl, 20 alkyl, C1-C 20 alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, dibenzofluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrenyl, phenylene, naphthylene, fluorenylene, spirobifluorenylene, benzofluorenylene, dibenzofluorenylene, phenanthrylene, anthrylene, fluoranthenylene, benzo[9,10]phenanthrylene, pyrenylene, Perylene, pentafenyl, hexaphenylene, pentaphenylene, thiopheneyl, furanyl, carbazolyl, indoleyl, isoyindoleyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiopheneyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, benzocarbazolyl, dibenzocarbazolyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, pyridinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxadiazolyl , pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphridinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinoxalinyl, phenanthreneridinyl, acridineyl, phenanthrene-pyridinyl, benzimidazolyl, isobenzothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, isobenzoxazolyl, isobenzoxazolyl, triazoleyl, tetrazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, and zazacarbazolyl,

[0332] However, the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0333] In one or more embodiments, xe1 in Formula 601 and xe611 to xe613 in Formula 601-1 can each be independently 0, 1 or 2.

[0334] In one or more embodiments, R in Formula 601 601 R in equation 601-1 611 To R 613 Each can be independently selected from:

[0335] Phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[9,10]fluorenyl, dibenzo[9,10]fluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthracene, fluoranyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyrene Peryl, pentylenyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, thienyl, furanyl, carbazole, indole, isoindole, benzofuranyl, benzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophene, benzocarbazole, dibenzocarbazole, dibenzothiophene, pyridinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl Pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphridinyl, quinoxolinyl, quinazolinyl, cinolinyl, phenanthridineyl, acridineyl, phenanthroxolinyl, phenazinyl, benzimidazolyl, isobenzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, isobenzoxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, and azacarbazolyl;

[0336] All are substituted with groups ranging from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazine, hydrazone, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkoxyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, dibenzofluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkoxyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, dibenzofluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkoxyl, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, dibenzofluorenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluoranthenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthryl, pyryl,

[0337] -S(=O)2(Q 601 ) and -P(=O)(Q 601 )(Q 602 ),

[0338] wherein Q 601 and Q 602 may each independently be the same as described above.

[0339] The electron transport region can include at least one compound selected from compounds ET1 to ET36, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

[0340]

[0341]

[0342]

[0343]

[0344] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region can include at least one compound selected from 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), Alq3, BAlq, 3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), and NTAZ:

[0345]

[0346] The thickness of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, and the electron control layer can each independently be about to about For example, the thickness of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, and the electron control layer can each independently be about to about When the thickness of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, and the electron control layer is within these ranges, excellent hole blocking characteristics or excellent electron control characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0347] The thickness of the electron transport layer can be about to about For example, the thickness of the electron transport layer can be about to about When the thickness of the electron transport layer is within the above range, the electron transport layer can have satisfactory electron transport characteristics without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0348] In addition to the above-described materials, the electron transport region (e.g., the electron transport layer in the electron transport region) can further include a metal-containing material.

[0349] The metal-containing material can include at least one selected from an alkali metal complex and an alkaline earth metal complex. The alkali metal complex can include a metal ion selected from a lithium (Li) ion, a sodium (Na) ion, a potassium (K) ion, a rubidium (Rb) ion, and a cesium (Cs) ion, and the alkaline earth metal complex can include a metal ion selected from a beryllium (Be) ion, a magnesium (Mg) ion, a calcium (Ca) ion, a strontium (Sr) ion, and a barium (Ba) ion. The ligand coordinated to the metal ion of the alkali metal complex or the alkaline earth metal complex can be selected from a hydroxyquinoline, a hydroxyisoquinoline, a hydroxybenzoquinoline, a hydroxyacridine, a hydroxyphenanthridine, a hydroxyphenyl-oxazole, a hydroxyphenyl-thiazole, a hydroxyphenyl-oxadiazole, a hydroxyphenyl-thiadiazole, a hydroxyphenyl-pyridine, a hydroxyphenyl-benzimidazole, a hydroxyphenyl-benzothiazole, a bipyridine, a phenanthroline, and a cyclopentadiene, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0350] For example, the metal-containing material can include a Li complex. The Li complex can include, for example, compound ET-D1 (lithium 8-hydroxyquinoline, LiQ) or compound ET-D2:

[0351]

[0352] The electron transport region can include an electron injection layer that facilitates injection of electrons from the second electrode 190. The electron injection layer can directly contact the second electrode 190.

[0353] The electron injection layer can have: i) a single layer structure including a single material; ii) a single layer structure including a plurality of different materials; or iii) a multi-layer structure having a plurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

[0354] The electron injection layer can include an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof.

[0355] The alkali metal can be selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs. In one embodiment, the alkali metal can be Li, Na, or Cs. In one or more embodiments, the alkali metal can be Li or Cs, although embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0356] The alkaline earth metal can be selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba.

[0357] The rare earth metal can be selected from scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), cerium (Ce), terbium (Tb), ytterbium (Yb), and gadolinium (Gd).

[0358] The alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth metal compound, and the rare earth metal compound can be selected from oxides and halides (e.g., fluorides, chlorides, bromides, and / or iodides) of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, and the rare earth metal.

[0359] The alkali metal compound can be selected from alkali metal oxides (such as Li2O, Cs2O, and / or K2O) and alkali metal halides (such as LiF, NaF, CsF, KF, LiI, NaI, CsI, and / or KI). In one embodiment, the alkali metal compound can be selected from LiF, Li2O, NaF, LiI, NaI, CsI, and KI, although embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0360] The alkaline earth metal compound can be selected from alkaline earth metal oxides (such as BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba x Sr 1-x O(0 < x < 1) and / or Ba x Ca1-x O (0 < x < 1). In one embodiment, the alkaline earth metal compound can be selected from BaO, SrO, and CaO, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0361] The rare earth metal compound can be selected from YbF3, ScF3, Sc2O3, Y2O3, Ce2O3, GdF3, and TbF3. In one embodiment, the rare earth metal compound can be selected from YbF3, ScF3, TbF3, YbI3, ScI3, and TbI3, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0362] The alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, and the rare earth metal complex can include, respectively, the alkali metal ion, the alkaline earth metal ion, and the rare earth metal ion as described above, and the ligand coordinated with the metal ion of the alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, or the rare earth metal complex can be selected from hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyl-oxazole, hydroxyphenyl-thiazole, hydroxyphenyl-oxadiazole, hydroxyphenyl-thiadiazole, hydroxyphenyl-pyridine, hydroxyphenyl-benzimidazole, hydroxyphenyl-benzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, and cyclopentadiene, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0363] As described above, the electron injection layer can include (e.g., consist of) the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, the rare earth metal, the alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth metal compound, the rare earth metal compound, the alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, the rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof. In one or more embodiments, the electron injection layer can further include an organic material. When the electron injection layer further includes the organic material, the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, the rare earth metal, the alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth metal compound, the rare earth metal compound, the alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, the rare earth metal complex, or the combination thereof can be substantially uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in a matrix including the organic material.

[0364] The thickness of the electron injection layer can be about 1 nm to about 10 nm. to about 5 nm. For example, the thickness of the electron injection layer can be about 1 nm to about 3 nm. to about 5 nm. When the thickness of the electron injection layer is within the above range, the electron injection layer can have satisfactory electron injection characteristics without significantly increasing a driving voltage.

[0365] The second electrode 190

[0366] The second electrode 190 can be located on the organic layer 150 or the electron transport region as described above. The second electrode 190 can be a cathode as an electron injection electrode, in which case the material used to form the second electrode 190 can be selected from metals, alloys, conductive compounds, and any combination thereof, all of which have a relatively low work function.

[0367] The second electrode 190 can include at least one selected from lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), ITO, and IZO, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The second electrode 190 can be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode.

[0368] The second electrode 190 can have a single layer structure or a multi-layer structure including two or more layers.

[0369] In some embodiments, the organic light emitting device 10 can further include a first cover layer located below the first electrode 110 and / or a second cover layer located above the second electrode 190.

[0370] Light generated in the emission layer 153 of the organic layer 150 of the organic light emitting device 10 can be directed to the outside through the first electrode 110 and the first cover layer, each of which can be a semi-transmissive electrode or a transmissive electrode; or light generated in the emission layer 153 of the organic layer 150 of the organic light emitting device 10 can be directed to the outside through the second electrode 190 and the second cover layer, each of which can be a semi-transmissive electrode or a transmissive electrode.

[0371] The first cover layer and the second cover layer can increase the external light emitting efficiency of the device according to the principle of constructive interference.

[0372] The first cover layer and the second cover layer can each independently be an organic cover layer including an organic material, an inorganic cover layer including an inorganic material, or a composite cover layer including an organic material and an inorganic material.

[0373] At least one selected from the first cover layer and the second cover layer can each independently include at least one material selected from a carbocyclic compound, a heterocyclic compound, an amine-based compound, a porphyrin derivative, a phthalocyanine derivative, a naphthalocyanine derivative, an alkali metal complex, and an alkaline earth metal complex. The carbocyclic compound, the heterocyclic compound, and the amine-based compound can each independently be optionally substituted with a substituent containing at least one element selected from O, N, S, Se, Si, F, Cl, Br, and I. In one embodiment, at least one of the first cover layer and the second cover layer can each independently include an amine-based compound.

[0374] In one or more embodiments, at least one of the first and second cover layers can each independently include a compound represented by Formula 201 or a compound represented by Formula 202.

[0375] In one or more embodiments, at least one of the first and second cover layers can each independently include a compound selected from Compounds HT28 to HT33 and Compounds CP1 to CP5, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

[0376]

[0377] In the above, the organic light emitting device 10 has been described, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Figure 1

[0378] One or more suitable methods selected from vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition, inkjet printing, laser printing, and laser induced thermal imaging can be used to form the hole injection layer and the layer constituting the electron transport region in a set or predetermined region.

[0379] When the hole injection layer and the layer constituting the electron transport region are formed by vacuum deposition, vacuum deposition can be performed at a deposition temperature of about 100°C to about 500°C, a vacuum degree of about 10 -8 torr to about 10 -3 torr, and a deposition rate of about / second to about / second, according to the materials to be included and the structure of the layer to be formed.

[0380] When the hole injection layer and the layer constituting the electron transport region are formed by spin coating, spin coating can be performed at a coating speed of about 2000 rpm to about 5000 rpm and at a heat treatment temperature of about 80°C to about 200°C according to the materials to be included and the structure of the layer to be formed.

[0381] General definitions of substituents

[0382] The term "C1-C 60 alkyl" as used herein refers to a straight-chain or branched-chain aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon monovalent radical having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, non-limiting examples of which include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, and hexyl. The term "C1-C 60 alkylene" as used herein refers to a divalent radical having essentially the same structure as a C1-C 60 alkyl group.

[0383] The term "C2-C 60 ​"Alkenyl" refers to the group formed at C2-C... 60 Alkyl groups or C2-C 60 The alkyl group terminated by at least one carbon-carbon double bond is a hydrocarbon group, and non-limiting examples include vinyl, propenyl, and butenyl groups. As used herein, the term "C2-C" is used in conjunction with this. 60 "Alkenyl" refers to a group that is related to C2-C 60 Alkenes are divalent groups with essentially the same structure.

[0384] As used here, the term "C2-C" 60 "Alkyne group" refers to the group at C2-C 60 Alkyl groups or C2-C 60 The alkyl group has at least one carbon-carbon triple bond at its end; non-limiting examples include ethynyl and propynyl groups. As used herein, the term "C2-C" is used... 60 "Immyneyl" refers to a group that is related to C2-C 60 Alkynes are divalent groups with essentially the same structure.

[0385] As used here, the term "C1-C" 60 "Alkoxy" refers to the compound formed by -OA 101 (where A) 101 For C1-C 60 Alkyl groups are monovalent groups, and non-limiting examples include methoxy, ethoxy, and isopropoxy.

[0386] As used here, the term "C3-C" 10 "Cycloalkyl" refers to a monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms as cyclic atoms, and non-limiting examples include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl. As used herein, the term "C3-C" is also relevant. 10 "Cycloalkylene" refers to compounds related to C3-C4. 10 Cycloalkyl groups have divalent groups with essentially the same structure.

[0387] As used here, the term "C1-C" 10 "Heterocyclic alkyl" refers to a monovalent saturated monocyclic group having at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a cyclic atom and having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples include 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, and tetrahydrothiophenyl. The term "C1-C" as used herein... 10 "Heterocyclic alkyl" refers to compounds related to C1-C2. 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups have divalent groups with essentially the same structure.

[0388] As used here, the term "C3-C" 10Cycloalkenyl" means a monovalent monocyclic group having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms in the ring, at least one carbon-carbon double bond, and no aromaticity, non-limiting examples of which include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, and cycloheptenyl. The term "C3-C10cycloalkenyl" as used herein means a cycloalkenyl group having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms. 10 Cycloalkenylene" means a divalent group having essentially the same structure as a cycloalkenyl group. 10 Cycloalkenyl" means a monovalent monocyclic group having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms in the ring, at least one carbon-carbon double bond, and no aromaticity, non-limiting examples of which include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, and cycloheptenyl. The term "C3-C10cycloalkenyl" as used herein means a cycloalkenyl group having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms.

[0389] The term "C1-C6alkyl" as used herein means a straight or branched chain monovalent alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. 10 Heterocycloalkenyl" means a monovalent monocyclic group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the ring, at least one carbon-carbon double bond, and no aromaticity, and at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom. C1-C 10 Non-limiting examples of heterocycloalkenyl groups include 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl, 2,3-dihydrofuranyl, and 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl. The term "C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkenylene" means a divalent group having essentially the same structure as a heterocycloalkenyl group. 10 Heterocycloalkenyl" means a monovalent monocyclic group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the ring, at least one carbon-carbon double bond, and no aromaticity, and at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom. C1-C

[0390] The term "C6-C10aryl" as used herein means a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic ring system having from 6 to 60 carbon atoms, the term "C6-C10aryl" as used herein means an aryl group having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms. 60 Aryl" means a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic ring system having from 6 to 60 carbon atoms, the term "C6-C10aryl" as used herein means an aryl group having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms. 60 Aryl" means a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic ring system having from 6 to 60 carbon atoms, the term "C6-C10aryl" as used herein means an aryl group having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms. 60 Non-limiting examples of aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, phenanthryl, pyrenyl, and Aryl" means a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic ring system having from 6 to 60 carbon atoms, the term "C6-C10aryl" as used herein means an aryl group having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms. 60 Aryl" means a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic ring system having from 6 to 60 carbon atoms, the term "C6-C10aryl" as used herein means an aryl group having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms. 60 When both aryl and C6-C

[0391] The term "C1-C6alkyl" as used herein means a straight or branched chain monovalent alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. 60 Heteroaryl" means a monovalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic ring system having from 1 to 60 carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom in addition to the carbon atoms. The term "C1-C 60 Heteroaryl" means a monovalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic ring system having from 1 to 60 carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom in addition to the carbon atoms. C1-C 60 Non-limiting examples of heteroaryl groups include pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, and isoquinolinyl. The term "C1-C 60 Heteroaryl" means a monovalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic ring system having from 1 to 60 carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom in addition to the carbon atoms. C1-C 60When the heteroarylene group comprises two or more rings, the two or more rings can be condensed with each other.

[0392] The term "C6-C 60 The term "C6-C 102 The term "C6-C 102 The term "C6-C 60 The term "C6-C 60 The term "C6-C 103 The term "C6-C 103 The term "C6-C 60 The term "C6-C

[0393] The term "monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group" as used herein refers to a monovalent group having two or more rings condensed with each other, only carbon atoms (e.g., 8 to 60 carbon atoms) as ring-forming atoms, and no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure. A non-limiting example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group is fluorenyl. The term "divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

[0394] The term "monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group" as used herein refers to a monovalent group having two or more rings condensed with each other, at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S in addition to carbon atoms (e.g., having 1 to 60 carbon atoms) as ring-forming atoms, and no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure. A non-limiting example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is carbazolyl. The term "divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group" as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

[0395] The term "C5-C 60 The term "C5-C 60 The C5-C 60 The C5-C 60 The C5-C 60 The C5-C

[0396] The term "C1-C 60"Heterocyclyl" means a group having essentially the same structure as a C5-C 60 Carbocyclyl groups having essentially the same structure.

[0397] In the present specification, substituted C5-C 60 Carbocyclyl, substituted C1-C 60 Heterocyclyl, substituted C1-C 20 Alkylene, substituted C2-C 20 Alkenylene, substituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkylene, substituted C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkylene, substituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenylene, substituted C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkenylene, substituted C6-C 60 Arylene, substituted C1-C 60 Heteroarylene, substituted bivalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclyl, substituted bivalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclyl, substituted C1-C 60 Alkyl, substituted C2-C 60 Alkenyl, substituted C2-C 60 Alkynyl, substituted C1-C 60 Alkoxy, substituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl, substituted C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkyl, substituted C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, substituted C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkenyl, substituted C6-C 60 Aryl, substituted C6-C 60 Aryloxy, substituted C6-C 60 Arylthio, substituted C1-C 60 Heteroaryl, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclyl and substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclyl can be selected from:

[0398] Deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazone, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 Alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkynyl and C1-C 60 Alkoxy;

[0399] All of which are substituted with from one to three substituents selected from the group consisting of deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazone, C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C6-C 60 Aryloxy, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 ), -N(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), -B(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), -C(=O)(Q 11 ), -S(=O)2(Q 11 ), and -P(=O)(Q 11 )(Q 12 ) selected from at least one of C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl, and C1-C 60 alkoxy;

[0400] C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C6-C 60 aryloxy, C6-C 60 arylthio, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

[0401] each of which is substituted with from one to three groups selected from deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazono, C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl, C1-C 60 alkoxy, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C6-C 60 aryloxy, C6-C 60 arylthio, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, -Si(Q 21)(Q 22 )(Q 23 ), -N(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), -B(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), -C(=O)(Q 21 ), -S(=O)2(Q 21 ) and -P(=O)(Q 21 )(Q 22 ) selected from at least one of C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C1-C 60 aryloxy, C6-C 60 arylthio, C1-C 60 heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group and monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; and

[0402] -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), -N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -C(=O)(Q 31 ), -S(=O)2(Q 31 ) and -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ),

[0403] wherein Q 11 to Q 13 , Q 21 to Q 23 and Q 31 to Q 33 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amidino, hydrazino, hydrazono, C1-C 60 alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl, C1-C 60 alkoxy, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C1-C 60heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, biphenyl group, and terphenyl group.

[0404] The term "Ph" as used herein means phenyl, the term "Me" as used herein means methyl, the term "Et" as used herein means ethyl, the term "ter-Bu" or "Bu" as used herein means tert-butyl, and the term "OMe" as used herein means methoxy. t The term "Ph" as used herein means phenyl, the term "Me" as used herein means methyl, the term "Et" as used herein means ethyl, the term "ter-Bu" or "Bu" as used herein means tert-butyl, and the term "OMe" as used herein means methoxy.

[0405] The term "biphenyl group" as used herein means "phenyl substituted with phenyl". For example, "biphenyl group" is a C6-C12 aryl group having C6-C6 aryl as a substituent. 60 The term "biphenyl group" as used herein means "phenyl substituted with phenyl". For example, "biphenyl group" is a C6-C12 aryl group having C6-C6 aryl as a substituent.

[0406] The term "terphenyl group" as used herein means "phenyl substituted with biphenyl group". For example, "terphenyl group" is a C6-C18 aryl group having C6-C12 aryl as a substituent. 60 The term "terphenyl group" as used herein means "phenyl substituted with biphenyl group". For example, "terphenyl group" is a C6-C18 aryl group having C6-C12 aryl as a substituent. 60 The term "terphenyl group" as used herein means "phenyl substituted with biphenyl group". For example, "terphenyl group" is a C6-C18 aryl group having C6-C12 aryl as a substituent.

[0407] Unless otherwise defined, and as used herein, * and *' each mean the binding site to the adjacent atom in the corresponding formula.

[0408] Hereinafter, an organic light emitting device according to an embodiment will be described in more detail with reference to examples.

[0409] Example

[0410] Example 1

[0411] An ITO glass substrate (50 mm x 50 mm, 15 Ω / cm2, manufactured by Samsung-Corning) as an organic light emitting device (OLED) glass substrate was subjected to ultrasonic cleaning using distilled water and isopropyl alcohol in this order, and then UV / ozone cleaning for 30 minutes. 2 After cleaning, PEDOT:PSS was spin-coated on the glass substrate on which a transparent electrode line was attached to form a film having a thickness of 50 nm, and then baked at 200 °C for 30 minutes to form a hole injection layer.

[0412] After cleaning, PEDOT:PSS was spin-coated on the glass substrate on which a transparent electrode line was attached to form a film having a thickness of 50 nm, and then baked at 200 °C for 30 minutes to form a hole injection layer. After cleaning, PEDOT:PSS was spin-coated on the glass substrate on which a transparent electrode line was attached to form a film having a thickness of 50 nm, and then baked at 200 °C for 30 minutes to form a hole injection layer.

[0413] NPB (4,4'-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenyl-amino]biphenyl) as a hole transport material was dissolved in a mixed solvent including 2-ethylnaphthalene (v / v: 72%) and 2- ethylbiphenyl (v / v: 28%) in an amount of 3 wt% to prepare a composition for forming a hole transport layer. The composition for forming a hole transport layer was spin-coated on the hole injection layer to form a film, and then, baked at 200°C for 30 minutes to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of .

[0414] ADN (host) and compound FD19 (dopant) (3 wt%) as a light emitting material were dissolved in a mixed solvent including methyl benzoate ethyl (v / v: 82%) and a diisopropyl biphenyl isomer mixture (v / v: 18%) so that the total concentration of the light emitting material was 3 wt% to form a composition for forming an emission layer. The composition for forming an emission layer was spin-coated on the hole transport layer to form a film, and then, baked at a temperature of 140°C for 10 minutes to form an emission layer having a thickness of .

[0415] The resulting glass substrate on which the emission layer was formed was mounted on a substrate holder of a vacuum deposition apparatus, and then, Alq3 was vacuum-deposited on the emission layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of . LiF was vacuum-deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of , thereby completing the formation of an electron transport region. Al was vacuum-deposited on the electron transport region to form a cathode having a thickness of , thereby completing the formation of an organic light emitting device.

[0416] The apparatus for vacuum deposition was a Suicel plus 200 evaporation apparatus from Sunic System.

[0417] Comparative Examples 1 to 4

[0418] An organic light emitting device was manufactured using the same method as in Example 1 except that, in forming a hole transport layer, baking was performed at a temperature of 140°C, 160°C, 180°C, or 235°C, respectively.

[0419] Evaluation of Example 1

[0420] The driving voltage, voltage at 10 mA, current efficiency, power efficiency, and CIE color coordinates of the organic light emitting devices manufactured according to Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were measured using Keithley SMU 236 and a luminance meter PR650, and the results are shown in Table 1. The lifespan (T 95) is a time period taken until the luminance (@ 1000 nit) decreases to 95% of the initial luminance (100%) after the organic light emitting device is driven.

[0421] Table 1

[0422]

[0423] As can be seen from Table 1, the organic light emitting device of Example 1 has improved luminous (current) efficiency and power efficiency and significantly improved lifetime properties compared to the organic light emitting devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 4.

[0424] Evaluation of Example 2

[0425] A Keithley SMU 236 was used to measure the current density-voltage (J-V) curves of the organic light emitting devices manufactured in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, and the results are shown in FIG. 2. Figure 3

[0426] As shown in FIG. 2, as the heat treatment temperature during formation of the hole transport layer decreases, the current density tends to increase at the same voltage. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is understood that as the heat treatment temperature decreases, the thickness of the mixed layer becomes thicker, and the hole injection rate into the emission layer increases. Figure 3

[0427] Due to improved charge balance in the emission layer, the organic light emitting device manufactured using the manufacturing method according to embodiments of the present disclosure can have high efficiency, high luminance, and / or long lifetime. Furthermore, because the manufacturing method uses a solution process, it is advantageous to manufacture large-area organic light emitting devices, and manufacturing costs can be reduced.

[0428] As used herein, the terms "substantial," "approximately," and similar terms are used as terms of approximation and not as terms of degree, unless expressly specified otherwise, and are intended to account for the inherent deviations in measured or computed values that would be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art.

[0429] ​​Any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges of the same whole number recited, as well as intermediate ranges. For example, a range of "1.0 to 10.0" is intended to include all sub-ranges, half -ranges, whole number ranges, and individual numbers, for example, 1.0 to 8.0, 3.0 to 7.0, 5.0 to 6.0, 5.5 to 6.0, 5.75, etc. In this disclosure and claims, ranges can be included and / or combined in any manner. It is also intended that only any statement of range is meant to be a listing of endpoints, and that the statement is also meant to include the term "about" before the about any recited endpoint. For example, the range "1.0 to 10.0" is intended to be a listing of endpoints 1.0 and 10.0, and that the term "about" can be

[0430] It is to be understood that the embodiments described herein are to be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodiment should typically be considered as being applicable to other similar features or aspects in other embodiments. While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the attached drawings, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that changes in form and detail can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope as defined by the following claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method of manufacturing an organic light emitting device, the method comprising: forming a first electrode; forming a hole transport layer over the first electrode; forming an emissive layer over the hole transport layer; and forming a second electrode over the emissive layer, wherein the step of forming the hole transport layer comprises: applying a composition for forming the hole transport layer over the first electrode, the composition for forming the hole transport layer including a hole transport material and a first solvent; and heat treating the composition for forming the hole transport layer at a temperature of 185 °C to 210 °C to remove the first solvent from the composition for forming the hole transport layer, wherein the step of forming the emissive layer comprises: applying a composition for forming the emissive layer over the hole transport layer, the composition for forming the emissive layer including a light emitting material and a second solvent; and drying the composition for forming the emissive layer to remove the second solvent from the composition for forming the emissive layer, and wherein the organic light emitting device includes a mixed layer between the hole transport layer and the emissive layer, in which the hole transport material and the light emitting material are mixed together, wherein the mixed layer has a thickness of 1 A to 1000 A. The heat treating of the composition for forming the hole transport layer is performed at a temperature higher than 200 °C and lower than or equal to 210 °C.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The solubility of the second solvent is 20% or less of the solubility of the first solvent with respect to the hole transport material.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The first solvent includes toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, mesitylene, propylbenzene, cyclohexylbenzene, dimethoxybenzene, anisole, ethoxytoluene, phenoxytoluene, isopropylbiphenyl, dimethyl anisole, phenyl acetate, phenyl propionic acid, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, 2- ethylnaphthalene, 2-ethylbiphenyl, or any combination thereof.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The second solvent includes toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, mesitylene, propylbenzene, cyclohexylbenzene, dimethoxybenzene, anisole, ethoxytoluene, phenoxytoluene, isopropylbiphenyl, diisopropylbiphenyl, dimethyl anisole, phenyl acetate, phenyl propionic acid, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl methyl benzoate, or any combination thereof.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The hole transport material includes a cross-linkable group, and the composition for forming the hole transport layer further includes a cross-linking agent.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The light emitting material includes a host and a dopant.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising forming a hole injection layer between the step of forming the first electrode and the step of forming the hole transport layer.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising forming at least one layer selected from a hole buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer between the step of forming the emissive layer and the step of forming the second electrode.

10. An organic light emitting device manufactured using the method of any one of claims 1 to 9. ​

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