Wireless access method and system

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a wireless access method, comprising: receiving a first reference signal transmitted by a first node via a first frequency resource; determining a direct path of the first node based on the first reference signal; determining the direction of arrival of the direct path based on the direct path; notifying the first node of an allocated second frequency resource along the direction of arrival via the first frequency resource; transmitting a second reference signal to the first node via the allocated second frequency resource; and receiving measurement information measured based on the second reference signal and reported by the first node via the first frequency resource or the second frequency resource. The method of the embodiments of the present disclosure not only improves the access success rate but also significantly shortens the access delay, thereby ensuring the performance of high-frequency communications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of mobile communication first nodes, and in particular to a wireless access method and system. Background Art

[0002] With the development of mobile communication technology, in order to meet the requirements of higher speeds, efforts have been made to develop improved 5G or quasi-5G communication systems. Therefore, 5G or quasi-5G communication systems are also called "super 4G networks" or "post-LTE systems". 5G communication systems are considered to be implemented in higher frequency (mmWave (millimeter wave)) bands (such as the 60GHz band) to achieve higher data rates. In order to reduce the propagation loss of radio waves and increase the transmission distance, beamforming, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), full-dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas, analog beamforming and large antenna technologies have been discussed in 5G communication systems. In addition, in 5G communication systems, system network improvement development based on advanced small cells, cloud radio access networks (RAN), ultra-dense networks, device-to-device (D2D) communications, wireless backhaul, mobile networks, collaborative communications, coordinated multi-point (CoMP), receiving-end interference cancellation, etc. is underway. In 5G systems, hybrid frequency shift keying (FSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation (FQAM) and sliding window superposition coding (SWSC) have been developed as advanced coding modulation (ACM), and filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and sparse code multiple access (SCMA) as advanced access technologies.

[0003] Millimeter waves have been introduced in 5G NR communications, and the terahertz frequency band will be widely used in the foreseeable 6G communications.

[0004] However, at high frequencies, particularly the terahertz band, path loss is significant, requiring limited energy to be concentrated in a relatively narrow beam. Furthermore, channel requirements are high: for example, direct-path channels are superior, while indirect-path channels deteriorate dramatically. These characteristics dictate that traditional access methods cannot be used at these frequencies. Access failures can occur due to long beam selection times or poor channel conditions caused by narrow beams. To address this prominent issue at high frequencies, a new wireless access method and system is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the embodiments of the present disclosure is to solve at least one of the above technical deficiencies, and propose the following technical solutions:

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a wireless access method is provided, comprising: receiving a first reference signal transmitted by a first node through a first frequency resource; notifying the first node of an allocated second frequency resource through the first frequency resource; transmitting a second reference signal to the first node through the allocated second frequency resource; and receiving measurement information measured based on the second reference signal and reported by the first node through the second frequency resource.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method also includes: determining a direct path of the first node based on the first reference signal; and transmitting a second reference signal to the first node through the allocated second frequency resource includes: transmitting a second reference signal to the first node along the direct path through the allocated second frequency resource.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method also includes: determining the direct path of the first node includes: determining the direction of arrival of the direct path; and wherein, sending the second reference signal to the first node along the direct path through the allocated second frequency resource includes: transmitting the second reference signal to the first node through the allocated second frequency resource on one or more beams in the direction of arrival.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method further includes: selecting a beam from the one or more beams to communicate with the first node based on the reported measurement information.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method further includes: determining a reference beam for communicating based on a second frequency resource based on the incoming wave direction; and selecting the one or more beams in the incoming wave direction to send the second reference signal based on the reference beam.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the notifying the first node of the allocated second frequency resource through the first frequency resource includes: marking the first node as a resource pool in response to the first node having the direct path; and when it is detected that the first node marked as the resource pool needs to transmit more than a threshold amount of data, notifying the first node of the allocated second frequency resource.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method further includes: determining a moving speed of the first node; and in response to the moving speed of the first node being greater than a speed threshold, the first node is not marked into the resource pool.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, determining the moving speed of the first node includes any one of the following: determining the moving speed based on a first reference signal transmitted by the first node; determining the moving speed based on a range of variation of a reference signal received power (RSRP) of the first reference signal transmitted by the first node within a predetermined time interval.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the receiving of the first reference signal transmitted by the first node through the first frequency resource includes: periodically or triggeredly receiving the first reference signal transmitted by the first node through the first frequency resource.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, determining the direct path of the first node based on the first reference signal includes determining the direct path of the first node based on an energy window function or measuring a received signal strength indication RSSI of the first reference signal.

[0016] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, determining the direction of arrival of the direct path includes calculating and determining the direction of arrival of the direct path based on an angle of an antenna array relative to the direct path.

[0017] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the second frequency resource allocated to the first node is determined based on at least one of the following: the reporting capability of the first node, the traffic volume of the first node, and the situation of high-frequency idle resources.

[0018] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a wireless access method is provided, the method comprising: transmitting a first reference signal to a second node via a first frequency resource; receiving information of an allocated second frequency resource notified by the second node via the first frequency resource; receiving a second reference signal transmitted by the second node via the allocated second frequency resource; obtaining measurement information based on the second reference signal; and reporting the measurement information to the second node via the second frequency resource.

[0019] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the receiving of the second reference signal transmitted by the second node through the allocated second frequency resource includes receiving the second reference signal transmitted by the second node through the allocated second frequency resource along a direct path of the first node determined based on the first reference signal.

[0020] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, transmitting the first reference signal to the second node through the first frequency resource includes: transmitting the first reference signal to the second node periodically or in a triggered manner through the first frequency resource.

[0021] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first reference signal is transmitted to the second node in a triggered manner via the first frequency resource, including the triggered transmission of the first reference signal in response to data.

[0022] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the receiving of the second reference signal transmitted by the second node through the allocated second frequency resource includes receiving the second reference signal transmitted by the second node through the allocated second frequency resource on one or more beams in the de-beaming direction of the direct path of the first node.

[0023] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a base station is provided, comprising: a first receiving module, configured to receive a first reference signal transmitted by a terminal through a first frequency resource; a determination module, configured to determine a direct path of the terminal based on the first reference signal; a notification module, configured to notify the terminal of an allocated second frequency resource through the first frequency resource; a transmitting module, configured to transmit a second reference signal to the terminal along the direct path through the allocated second frequency resource; and a second receiving module, configured to receive measurement information measured based on the second reference signal and reported by the terminal through the second frequency resource.

[0024] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a base station is provided, comprising: a memory storing computer-executable instructions; and one or more processors coupled to the memory, for implementing the methods described in some of the above embodiments when the computer-executable instructions are executed by the one or more processors.

[0025] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a terminal is provided, comprising: a transmitting module, the transmitting module being configured to transmit a first reference signal to a base station through a first frequency resource; a first receiving module, the first receiving module being configured to receive information of an allocated second frequency resource notified by the base station through the first frequency resource; a second receiving module, the second receiving module being configured to receive a second reference signal transmitted by the base station through the allocated second frequency resource along a direct path of the terminal determined based on the first reference signal; a measuring module, the measuring module being configured to obtain measurement information based on the second reference signal; and a reporting module, the reporting module reporting the measurement information to the base station through the second frequency resource.

[0026] According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a terminal is provided, comprising: a memory storing computer-executable instructions; and one or more processors coupled to the memory, which implement the methods described in some of the above embodiments when the computer-executable instructions are executed by the one or more processors.

[0027] According to a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored. When the program is executed by a processor, the method described in the above embodiment is implemented.

[0028] According to the wireless access method proposed in the present disclosure, it is based on pre-judgment at low frequency and then determining the high-frequency access solution, which not only improves the access success rate but also greatly shortens the access delay, thereby ensuring the performance of high-frequency communication.

[0029] It is to be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 1 A block diagram of a wireless network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0032] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a control plane protocol stack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0033] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a user plane protocol stack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0034] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of a wireless access method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0035] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0036] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the structure of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown; and

[0037] Figure 7 A schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0038] The above drawings illustrate specific embodiments of the present disclosure, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and textual descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way, but rather to illustrate the concepts of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art by reference to specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following describes in detail embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended only to explain the present disclosure and are not to be construed as limiting the present disclosure.

[0040] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless expressly stated otherwise, the singular forms "a", "an", "said" and "the" used herein may also include the plural forms. It should be further understood that the term "comprising" used in the specification of the present disclosure refers to the presence of the features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof. It should be understood that when we refer to an element as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it may be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or there may be intermediate elements. In addition, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein may include wireless connections or wireless couplings. The term "and / or" used herein includes all or any units and all combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0041] Figure 1 The architecture of a system 100 of a network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The system 100 is shown as including a handheld user equipment (UE) 101. The UE 101 is shown as a smartphone, but may include any mobile or non-mobile computing device, such as a personal data assistant (PDA), a pager, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a wireless handheld device, or any computing device including a wireless communication interface.

[0042] In some embodiments, UE 101 may include an Internet of Things (IoT) UE, which may include a network access layer designed for low-power IoT applications that utilize short-term UE connections. The IoT UE may utilize technologies such as machine-to-machine (M2M) or machine-type communication (MTC) to exchange data with an MTC server or device via a public land mobile network (PLMN), proximity services (ProSe) or device-to-device (D2D) communication, a sensor network, or an IoT network. The M2M or MTC data exchange may be a machine-initiated data exchange. The IoT network describes interconnected IoT UEs, which may include uniquely identifiable embedded computing devices (within the Internet infrastructure) with short-term connections. The IoT UE may execute background applications to facilitate connectivity to the IoT network.

[0043] UE 101 may be configured to connect to a radio access network (RAN) 110, which may be, for example, an evolved universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN), a NextGen RAN (NG RAN), or other types of RANs. UE 101 utilizes a connection 103, which includes a physical communication interface or layer; in this example, connection 103 is shown as an air interface for achieving a communication coupling and may conform to a cellular communication protocol, such as a global system for mobile communications (GSM) protocol, a code division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a push-to-talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over cellular (POC) protocol, a universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a new radio (NR) protocol, or the like.

[0044] In this embodiment, the UE 101 may also directly exchange communication data via the ProSe interface. The ProSe interface may alternatively be referred to as a sidelink interface, which includes one or more logical channels, including but not limited to a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), and a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH).

[0045] The RAN 110 may include one or more access nodes that enable the connection 103. These access nodes (ANs) may be referred to as base stations (BSs), NodeBs, evolved NodeBs (eNBs), next-generation NodeBs (gNBs), RAN nodes, etc., and may include ground stations (e.g., terrestrial access points) or satellite stations that provide coverage within a geographic area (e.g., a cell). The RAN 110 may include one or more RAN nodes (e.g., macro RAN nodes 111) for providing macro cells and one or more RAN nodes (e.g., low power (LP) RAN nodes 112) for providing femto cells or pico cells (e.g., cells with smaller coverage areas, smaller user capacity, or higher bandwidth than macro cells).

[0046] Either of the RAN nodes 111 and 112 may terminate the air interface protocol and may be the first point of contact for the UE 101. In some embodiments, either of the RAN nodes 111 and 112 may fulfill various logical functions of the RAN 110, including but not limited to radio network controller (RNC) functions, such as radio bearer management, uplink and downlink dynamic radio resource management and data packet scheduling, and mobility management.

[0047] According to some embodiments, the UE 101 may be configured to communicate with each other or with any of the RAN nodes 111 and 112 using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication signals over multi-carrier communication channels according to various communication techniques, such as, but not limited to, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communication technique (e.g., for downlink communication) or a single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) communication technique (e.g., for uplink and ProSe or sidelink communication), although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. The OFDM signal may include multiple orthogonal subcarriers.

[0048] In some embodiments, a downlink resource grid can be used for downlink transmissions from either RAN nodes 111 and 112 to UE 101, while uplink transmissions can utilize similar techniques. The grid can be a time-frequency grid, referred to as a resource grid or time-frequency resource grid, which represents the physical resources in each time slot in the downlink. This time-frequency plane representation is common in OFDM systems, making radio resource allocation intuitive. Each column and row of the resource grid corresponds to an OFDM symbol and an OFDM subcarrier, respectively. The duration of the resource grid in the time domain corresponds to a time slot in a radio frame. The smallest time-frequency unit in the resource grid is called a resource element. Each resource grid includes multiple resource blocks, which describe the mapping of certain physical channels to resource elements. Each resource block includes a collection of resource elements; in the frequency domain, this can represent the minimum amount of resources that can currently be allocated. There are several different physical downlink channels that are transmitted using such resource blocks.

[0049] The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) can carry user data and higher layer signaling to UE 101. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) can carry information about, among other things, the transport format and resource allocation associated with the PDSCH channel. It can also inform UE 101 of the transport format, resource allocation, and H-ARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) information associated with the uplink shared channel. Typically, downlink scheduling (allocation of control channel resource blocks and shared channel resource blocks to UEs 101 within a cell) can be performed at either of RAN nodes 111 and 112 based on channel quality information fed back from either of UEs 101. Downlink resource allocation information can be sent on the PDCCH for (e.g., allocated to) each of UEs 101.

[0050] PDCCH can use control channel elements (CCE) to convey control information. Before being mapped to resource elements, PDCCH complex symbols can first be organized into four tuples, which can then be arranged using a sub-block interleaver for rate matching. One or more of these CCEs can be used to send each PDCCH, where each CCE can correspond to nine groups of four physical resource elements called resource element groups (REGs). Four orthogonal phase shift keying (QPSK) symbols can be mapped to each REG. PDCCH can be sent using one or more CCEs, depending on the size of the downlink control information (DCI) and the channel conditions. Four or more different PDCCH formats with different numbers of CCEs (e.g., aggregation levels, L=1, 2, 4, or 8) can be defined in LTE.

[0051] Some embodiments may use a concept that is an extension of the above concept to allocate resources for control channel information. For example, some embodiments may utilize an enhanced physical downlink control channel (EPDCCH), which uses PDSCH resources for control information transmission. One or more enhanced control channel elements (ECCEs) may be used to transmit EPDCCH. Similar to the above, each ECCE may correspond to nine groups of four physical resource elements called enhanced resource element groups (EREGs). In some cases, an ECCE may have other numbers of EREGs.

[0052] RAN 110 is shown as being communicatively coupled to a core network (CN) 620 via an S1 interface 113. In an embodiment, CN 120 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) network, a next generation packet core (NPC) network, or some other type of CN. In this embodiment, S1 interface 113 is divided into two parts: an S1-U interface 114, which carries traffic data between RAN nodes 111 and 112 and a serving gateway (S-GW) 122; and an S1 mobility management entity (MME) interface 115, which is a signaling interface between RAN nodes 111 and 112 and MME 121.

[0053] In this embodiment, CN 120 includes MME 121, S-GW 122, Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (P-GW) 123, and Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 124. MME 121 can be functionally similar to the control plane of a legacy Serving General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Support Node (SGSN). MME 121 can manage mobility aspects of access, such as gateway selection and tracking area list management. HSS 124 can include a database for network users, including subscription-related information used to support network entities handling communication sessions. CN 120 can include one or more HSSs 124, depending on the number of mobile subscribers, the capacity of the devices, the organization of the network, etc. For example, HSS 124 can provide support for routing / roaming, authentication, authorization, naming / addressing solutions, location dependencies, etc.

[0054] The S-GW 122 may terminate the S1 interface 113 to the RAN 110 and route data packets between the RAN 110 and the CN 120. Furthermore, the S-GW 122 may be the local mobility anchor for inter-RAN node handovers and may also provide an anchor for inter-3GPP mobility. Other responsibilities may include legal interception, charging, and certain policy enforcement.

[0055] The P-GW 123 may terminate the SGi interface to the PDN. The P-GW 123 may route data packets between the EPC network 123 and an external network (e.g., a network including an application server 130 (alternatively referred to as an application function (AF))) via an Internet Protocol (IP) interface 125. The application server 130 may be an element that provides applications (e.g., UMTS packet service (PS) domain, LTE PS data services, etc.) that use IP bearer resources to the core network. In this embodiment, the P-GW 123 is shown as being communicatively coupled to the application server 130 via the IP communication interface 125. The application server 130 may also be configured to support one or more communication services for the UE 101 via the CN 120.

[0056] P-GW 123 can also be a node for policy enforcement and charging data collection. Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) 126 is the policy and charging control element of CN 120. In a non-roaming scenario, there can be a single PCRF associated with the UE's Internet Protocol Connectivity Access Network (IP-CAN) session in the Home Public Land Mobile Network (HPLMN). In a roaming scenario where service is off-premises, there can be two PCRFs associated with the UE's IP-CAN session: the Home PCRF (H-PCRF) in the HPLMN and the Visited PCRF (V-PCRF) in the Visited Public Land Mobile Network (VPLMN). PCRF 126 can be communicatively coupled to application server 130 via P-GW 123. Application server 130 can signal PCRF 126 to indicate a new service flow and select appropriate quality of service (QoS) and charging parameters. PCRF 126 may provide the rules to a Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) with the appropriate Traffic Flow Template (TFT) and QoS Class Identifier (QCI), which initiates the QoS and charging specified by application server 130 .

[0057] Figure 2 FIG2 is a diagram of a control plane protocol stack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, the control plane 200 is shown as a communication protocol stack between the UE 101 , the RAN node 111 (or the LP RAN node 112 ), and the MME 121 .

[0058] The PHY layer 201 may send or receive information over one or more air interfaces for use by the MAC layer 202. The PHY layer 201 may also perform link adaptation or adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), power control, cell search, and other measurements used by higher layers such as the RRC layer 205. The PHY layer 201 may still further perform error detection on transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) encoding / decoding of transport channels, modulation / demodulation of physical channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to physical channels, and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna processing.

[0059] The MAC layer 202 can perform mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing MAC service data units (SDUs) from one or more logical channels into transport blocks (TBs) for delivery to the PHY layer 201 via transport channels, demultiplexing MAC SDUs from transport blocks (TBs) delivered from the PHY layer 201 via transport channels to one or more logical channels, multiplexing MAC SDUs into TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), and logical channel priority sorting.

[0060] The RLC layer 203 can operate in multiple modes of operation, including transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). The RLC layer 203 can perform transmission of upper layer protocol data units (PDUs), error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ) for AM data transmission, and concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs for UM and AM data transmission. The RLC layer 203 can also perform re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs for AM data transmission, reordering of RLC data PDUs for UM and AM data transmission, detection of duplicate data for UM and AM data transmission, discarding RLC SDUs for UM and AM data transmission, detecting protocol errors for AM data transmission, and performing RLC reestablishment.

[0061] The PDCP layer 204 may perform header compression and decompression of IP data, maintain PDCP sequence numbers (SNs), perform in-sequence delivery of upper layer PDUs when re-establishing lower layers, eliminate duplication of lower layer SDUs for radio bearers mapped on RLC AM when re-establishing lower layers, encrypt and decrypt control plane data, perform integrity protection and integrity verification of control plane data, control timer-based data discard, and perform security operations.

[0062] The main services and functions of the RRC layer 205 may include broadcasting of system information (e.g., included in a master information block (MIB) or system information block (SIB) related to the non-access stratum (NAS)), broadcasting of system information related to the access stratum (AS), paging, establishment, maintenance, and release of the RRC connection between the UE and the E-UTRAN (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), establishment, configuration, maintenance, and release of point-to-point radio bearers, security functions, inter-radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting. The MIB and SIB may include one or more information elements (IEs), each of which may include a separate data field or data structure.

[0063] UE 101 and RAN node 111 may utilize a Uu interface (eg, LTE-Uu interface) to exchange control plane data via a protocol stack (including PHY layer 201 , MAC layer 202 , RLC layer 203 , PDCP layer 204 , and RRC layer 205 ).

[0064] In the illustrated embodiment, non-access stratum (NAS) protocols 206 form the highest layer of the control plane between UE 101 and MME 121. NAS protocols 206 support UE 101 mobility and session management procedures to establish and maintain IP connectivity between UE 101 and P-GW 123.

[0065] The S1 application protocol (S1-AP) layer 215 may support the functionality of the S1 interface and include elementary procedures (EPs). The EP is the unit of interaction between the RAN node 111 and the CN 120. S1-AP layer services may include two groups: UE-associated services and non-UE-associated services. These services perform functions including, but not limited to, E-UTRAN radio access bearer (E-RAB) management, UE capability indication, mobility, NAS signaling, RAN information management (RIM), and configuration transfer.

[0066] Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) layer 214 may ensure reliable delivery of signaling messages between RAN node 111 and MME 121 based in part on the IP protocol supported by IP layer 213. L2 layer 212 and L1 layer 211 may refer to communication links used by RAN nodes and MME to exchange information.

[0067] The RAN node 111 and the MME 121 may exchange control plane data via a protocol stack using an S1-MME interface, including an L1 layer 211 , an L2 layer 212 , an IP layer 213 , an SCTP layer 214 , and an S1-AP layer 215 .

[0068] Figure 3FIG2 is a diagram of a user plane protocol stack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, the user plane 300 is shown as a communication protocol stack between the UE 101, the RAN node 111 (or the LPRAN node 112), the S-GW 122, and the P-GW 123. The user plane 300 may utilize at least some of the same protocol layers as the control plane 200. For example, the UE 101 and the RAN node 111 may utilize a Uu interface (e.g., an LTE-Uu interface) to exchange user plane data via a protocol stack including the PHY layer 201, the MAC layer 202, the RLC layer 203, and the PDCP layer 204.

[0069] The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Tunneling Protocol for User Plane (GTP-U) layer 304 can be used to carry user data within the GPRS core network and between the radio access network and the core network. For example, the transmitted user data can be packets in any of the IPv4, IPv6, or PPP formats. The UDP and IP Security (UDP / IP) layer 303 can provide checksums for data integrity, port numbers for addressing different functions at the source and destination, and encryption and authentication for selected data flows. The RAN node 111 and the S-GW 122 can utilize the S1-U interface to exchange user plane data via a protocol stack, including the L1 layer 211, the L2 layer 212, the UDP / IP layer 303, and the GTP-U layer 304. The S-GW 122 and the P-GW 123 can utilize the S5 / S8a interface to exchange user plane data via a protocol stack, including the L1 layer 211, the L2 layer 212, the UDP / IP layer 303, and the GTP-U layer 304. As mentioned above Figure 2 As discussed, the NAS protocol supports the mobility of UE 101 and session management procedures to establish and maintain IP connectivity between UE 101 and P-GW 123.

[0070] Figure 4A flow chart of a wireless access method for a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The wireless access method includes: in step S101, the base station receives a reference signal transmitted by a terminal on a low frequency. In step S102, the base station determines whether a direct path exists with the terminal side based on the received reference signal. If a direct path exists, the direction of arrival of the direct path is determined. In step S103, the terminal is notified of the allocated high-frequency resource information on the low frequency. For example, the base station notifies the terminal of the allocated high-frequency resource information on an established low-frequency band. In step S104, a reference signal is transmitted on the allocated high-frequency resource. For example, the base station transmits a reference signal to the terminal on a beam or beam group along the direction of arrival of the direct path in an allocated time slot. In step S105, measurement information measured based on the reference signal and reported by the terminal via the high-frequency resource is received. For example, the terminal performs beam management and selects an appropriate beam for communication to receive the first reference signal transmitted by the terminal via the low-frequency resource.

[0071] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the low-frequency resource may be a frequency below 10 GHz, and the high-frequency resource may be a millimeter wave frequency band or a terahertz frequency band.

[0072] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the low-frequency resource may be a millimeter wave frequency band, and the high-frequency resource may be a higher millimeter wave frequency band or a terahertz frequency band.

[0073] In addition, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the terminal may also report measurement information measured based on the reference signal to the base station through low-frequency resources.

[0074] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a terminal periodically transmits a reference signal to a base station. Based on the received reference signal, the base station determines whether there is a direct path to the terminal. The base station then marks all terminals in the direct path as a resource pool. When a terminal in the resource pool needs to transmit a large amount of data, the base station notifies the terminal of the allocated high-frequency resources on a low-frequency band.

[0075] In another embodiment, when determining the resource pool, the base station not only determines whether a direct path exists but also determines whether the terminal's moving speed is less than a certain threshold. If the terminal's moving speed is greater than the threshold, the terminal is not included in the resource pool even if a direct path exists.

[0076] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method for the base station to obtain the moving speed of the terminal can be based on the terminal's report or based on the reference signal received power (RSRP) variation range of the terminal's reference signal within a certain period of time being less than a certain threshold.

[0077] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when a terminal triggers the transmission of a reference signal to a base station, the terminal can determine whether the event requires a large amount of data transmission. If the amount of data to be transmitted exceeds a preset value or the service type requires a large amount of real-time data transmission, the terminal triggers the transmission of a reference signal to the base station.

[0078] In an embodiment, the base station may perform channel estimation by receiving a reference signal and a local signal, and determine whether a direct path exists by using an energy window function, or directly measure the signal strength indicator (RSSI) of the reference signal to determine whether a direct path exists. The base station may also estimate the angle of the direct path based on the antenna array to calculate the direction of arrival of the direct path.

[0079] In an embodiment, the base station determines the high-frequency resource information allocated to the terminal according to the capability reported by the terminal, the traffic volume of the terminal, and the situation of high-frequency idle resources.

[0080] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the base station selects an optimal beam from a beam or a beam group based on measurement information reported by the terminal to communicate with the terminal.

[0081] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the base station may determine the reference beam where the high frequency is located according to the direction of arrival of the wave. Based on the reference beam, the terminal selects the one or more beams in the direction of arrival of the wave to send the second reference signal.

[0082] In an embodiment, to ensure that a terminal selects an optimal beam during beam management, the base station may need to transmit reference signals in a beam group consisting of multiple beams in turn. The number of beams in the beam group may be determined based on the frequency information of the low frequency and the frequency information of the high frequency, or the frequency ratio of the low frequency to the high frequency.

[0083] In an embodiment, it can be as shown in the following Table 1, where a, b, and c are preset values.

[0084] Table 1: Determining the number of beams in a beam group

[0085] High frequency / low frequency ratio F Number of beams in a beam group F≤a 2 a≤F≤b 4 b≤F≤c 8 F>c 16

[0086] As shown in Table 1 above, when the high frequency / low frequency ratio F is less than or equal to a, the number of beams in the beam group is 2; when the high frequency / low frequency ratio F is greater than or equal to a and less than or equal to b, the number of beams in the beam group is 4; when the high frequency / low frequency ratio F is greater than or equal to b and less than or equal to c, the number of beams in the beam group is 8; when the high frequency / low frequency ratio F is greater than c, the number of beams in the beam group is 16.

[0087] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the number of beams in the beam group may also be as shown in Table 2 below, where a, b and X1, X2, and X3 are preset values. The data in the table are only used for illustration.

[0088] Table 2: Determining the number of beams in a beam group

[0089]

[0090] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the terminal performs beam scanning on each beam in the beam group according to a traditional beam management procedure on the received high-frequency resources to determine the optimal beam.

[0091] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the base station transmits a reference signal to the terminal on a beam or a beam group in the direction of arrival of a direct path in an allocated time slot. The reference signal may be a synchronization signal SS.

[0092] Furthermore, the above method is not only applicable to communication between terminals and base stations, but also to communication between any two nodes. For example, direct communication between terminals can also be achieved by using this method to access high-frequency carriers on terminals that support high and low frequencies.

[0093] Figure 5 FIG. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of a base station 500. Figure 5 As shown, the base station 500 includes: a first receiving module 501, which is configured to receive a first reference signal transmitted by the terminal through low-frequency resources; a determination module 502, which is configured to determine the direct path of the terminal based on the first reference signal; a notification module 503, which is configured to notify the terminal of the allocated high-frequency resources through the low-frequency resources; a transmitting module 504, which is configured to transmit a second reference signal to the terminal along the direct path through the allocated high-frequency resources; and a second receiving module 505, which is configured to receive measurement information measured based on the second reference signal and reported by the terminal through the high-frequency resources.

[0094] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the base station 500 may be any node.

[0095] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the transmitting module 504 is further configured to transmit a second reference signal to the terminal through the allocated second frequency resource on one or more beams in the incoming direction.

[0096] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the base station 500 further includes a selection module, which selects an optimal beam from one or more beams based on measurement information reported by the terminal to communicate with the terminal.

[0097] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the selection module is further configured to determine a reference beam for communicating via the second frequency resource based on the incoming wave direction; and based on the reference beam, select one or more beams in the incoming wave direction to send the second reference signal.

[0098] Figure 6 FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal 600. Figure 6 As shown, the terminal 600 includes: a transmitting module 601, which is configured to transmit a first reference signal to the base station through low-frequency resources; a first receiving module 602, which is configured to receive information about allocated high-frequency resources notified by the base station through low-frequency resources; a second receiving module 602, which is configured to receive a second reference signal transmitted by the base station through the allocated high-frequency resources along the direct path of the terminal determined based on the first reference signal; a measurement module 603, which is configured to obtain measurement information based on the second reference signal; and a reporting module 601, which reports the measurement information to the base station through high-frequency resources.

[0099] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the terminal 600 may trigger the transmission of the first reference signal to the base station via low-frequency resources, including: triggering the transmission of the first reference signal to the base station in response to the terminal 600 needing to transmit a predetermined amount of data.

[0100] In addition, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the terminal 600 may be any node.

[0101] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the second receiving module 602 is further configured to: receive a second reference signal transmitted by the base station through the allocated second frequency resource along the direct path of the terminal determined based on the first reference signal.

[0102] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the transmitting module 601 is further configured to: transmit a first reference signal to the base station periodically or in a triggered manner through a first frequency resource.

[0103] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the transmitting module 601 is further configured to: transmit a first reference signal in a triggered manner in response to a terminal needing to transmit a threshold amount of data.

[0104] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first receiving module 602 is further configured to: receive the second reference signal transmitted by the base station through the allocated second frequency resource on one or more beams in the de-beaming direction of the direct path of the terminal.

[0105] Figure 7 FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 7As shown, electronic device 700 includes: a processor 701 and a memory 703. The processor 701 and the memory 703 are connected, for example, via a bus 702. Furthermore, electronic device 700 may also include a transceiver 704. It should be noted that in actual applications, the number of transceivers 704 is not limited to one, and the structure of electronic device 700 does not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0106] The processor 701 is used in the embodiment of the present disclosure to implement Figure 5 The functions of each module shown can also be used to implement Figure 6 The transceiver 704 includes a receiver and a transmitter, and is used in the embodiment of the present disclosure to implement transceiver functions.

[0107] Processor 701 may be a CPU, a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA, or other programmable logic device, a transistor logic device, a hardware component, or any combination thereof. It may implement or execute the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the present disclosure. Processor 701 may also be a combination that implements computing functions, such as a combination of one or more microprocessors, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, and the like.

[0108] The bus 702 may include a path for transmitting information between the above components. The bus 702 may be a PCI bus or an EISA bus, etc. The bus 702 may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 7 Only one thick line is used in the diagram, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0109] The memory 703 can be a ROM or other type of static storage device that can store static information and instructions, a RAM or other type of dynamic storage device that can store information and instructions, or an EEPROM, a CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, an optical disc storage (including a compact disc, a laser disc, an optical disc, a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc, etc.), a magnetic disk storage medium or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store the desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited to these.

[0110] The memory 703 is used to store the application code for executing the solution of the present disclosure, and is controlled by the processor 701 to execute the application code stored in the memory 703. Figure 5 The base station provided in the embodiment shown may perform the following operations or implement Figure 6 Action of the terminal shown.

[0111] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the program is executed by a processor, the method shown in the above embodiment is implemented.

[0112] Other embodiments of the present disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art after considering the specification and practicing the present disclosure. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present disclosure that follow the general principles of the present disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The description and examples are to be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the present disclosure being indicated by the following claims.

[0113] It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the exact structures that have been described above and shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A wireless access method, performed by a second node, the method comprising: receiving a first reference signal transmitted by a first node through a first frequency resource; Determine, based on the first reference signal, a direct path between the first node and the second node and an incoming direction of the direct path; notifying the first node of the allocated second frequency resource through the first frequency resource; Transmitting a second reference signal to the first node using the allocated second frequency resource on one or more beams in the incoming direction; the number of the one or more beams being determined based on a ratio of the second frequency resource to the first frequency resource; and the number of the one or more beams being proportional to the ratio; receiving measurement information measured based on the second reference signal and reported by the first node through the first frequency resource or the second frequency resource; selecting, based on the measurement information, a first beam from the one or more beams for communicating with the first node; On the first beam, communication is established with the first node through second frequency resources.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The first frequency resource is lower than the second frequency resource.

3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Determine, based on the incoming wave direction, a reference beam for communicating via the second frequency resource; Based on the reference beam, the one or more beams in the incoming direction are selected to send the second reference signal.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein notifying the first node of the allocated second frequency resource through the first frequency resource comprises: In response to the first node having the direct path, marking the first node as a resource pool; and In response to detecting that a first node marked as a resource pool needs to transmit data exceeding a threshold amount, the first node is notified of the allocated second frequency resources.

5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: determining a moving speed of the first node based on the first reference signal; as well as In response to the moving speed of the first node being greater than a speed threshold, the first node is not marked into a resource pool.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein: The determining the moving speed of the first node further includes: The moving speed is determined according to a variation range of a reference signal received power (RSRP) of a first reference signal transmitted by the first node within a first time interval.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein The receiving a first reference signal transmitted by the first node through the first frequency resource includes: A first reference signal transmitted by a first node through a first frequency resource is received periodically or triggeredly.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein The determining, based on the first reference signal, a direct path of the first node includes: The direct path of the first node is determined based on an energy window function or by measuring a received signal strength indicator RSSI of the first reference signal.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein Determining the incoming wave direction of the direct path includes: The direction of arrival of the direct path is calculated and determined based on the angle of the antenna array relative to the direct path.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein The second frequency resource allocated to the first node is determined based on at least one of the following: The reporting capability of the first node, the traffic volume of the first node, and the situation of high-frequency idle resources.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein The second reference signal is a synchronization signal.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein The number of beams of the one or more beams is further determined based on the frequency information of the second frequency resource and the frequency information of the first frequency resource.

13. A wireless access method, performed by a first node, the method comprising: transmitting a first reference signal to the second node through the first frequency resource; receiving information of the allocated second frequency resource notified by the second node through the first frequency resource; receiving, on one or more beams in an arrival direction of a direct path, a second reference signal transmitted by the second node using the allocated second frequency resource; the direct path being the direct path between the first node and the second node; the direct path and the arrival direction of the direct path being determined by the second node based on the first reference signal; the number of the one or more beams being determined based on a ratio of the second frequency resource to the first frequency resource; and the number of the one or more beams being proportional to the magnitude of the ratio; obtaining measurement information based on the second reference signal; reporting the measurement information to the second node through the first frequency resource or the second frequency resource; Establish communication with the second node on a first beam through the second frequency resource; the first beam is selected by the second node from the one or more beams based on the measurement information.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein The transmitting the first reference signal to the second node by using the first frequency resource includes: A first reference signal is transmitted to the second node periodically or in a triggered manner through a first frequency resource.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein The triggering method of transmitting a first reference signal to the second node by using a first frequency resource includes: In response to the first node needing to transmit a threshold amount of data, a first reference signal is triggeredly transmitted.

16. The method according to claim 13, wherein The second reference signal is a synchronization signal.

17. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the first frequency resource is lower than the second frequency resource.

18. A base station, comprising: A first receiving module, configured to receive a first reference signal transmitted by a terminal through a first frequency resource; a determination module, configured to determine a direct path between the base station and the terminal and an arrival direction of the direct path based on the first reference signal; a notification module, configured to notify the terminal of the allocated second frequency resource through the first frequency resource; a transmitting module, the transmitting module being configured to transmit a second reference signal to the terminal through the allocated second frequency resource on one or more beams in the incoming direction; the number of the one or more beams being determined based on a ratio of the second frequency resource to the first frequency resource; and the number of the one or more beams being proportional to the magnitude of the ratio; a second receiving module, configured to receive measurement information measured based on the second reference signal and reported by the terminal through the second frequency resource; a selection module, wherein the selection module selects a first beam for communicating with the terminal from the one or more beams according to the reported measurement information; A communication module is configured to establish communication with the terminal on the first beam through a second frequency resource.

19. The base station according to claim 18, wherein The first frequency resource is lower than the second frequency resource.

20. The base station according to claim 18, wherein The selection module is further configured to determine a reference beam for communication via the second frequency resource based on the incoming wave direction; and Based on the reference beam, the one or more beams in the incoming direction are selected to send the second reference signal.

21. The base station according to claim 18, wherein The notification module is further configured to: In response to the terminal having the direct path, marking the terminal as a resource pool; and In response to detecting that the amount of data that the terminal marked as the resource pool needs to transmit exceeds a threshold, the terminal is notified of the allocated second frequency resource.

22. The base station according to claim 18, wherein determining a moving speed of the terminal based on the first reference signal; and In response to the moving speed of the terminal being greater than a speed threshold, the terminal is not marked into a resource pool.

23. The base station according to claim 22, wherein: The moving speed is determined according to a variation range of a reference signal received power (RSRP) of a first reference signal transmitted by the terminal within a first time interval.

24. The base station according to claim 18, wherein The base station periodically or triggeredly receives a first reference signal transmitted by the terminal through a first frequency resource.

25. The base station according to claim 18, wherein The determining module is further configured to: The direct path of the terminal is determined based on an energy window function or by measuring a received signal strength indicator RSSI of the first reference signal.

26. The base station according to claim 18, wherein The determining module is further configured to: The direction of arrival of the direct path is calculated and determined based on the angle of the antenna array relative to the direct path.

27. The base station according to claim 18, wherein The second frequency resource allocated by the base station to the terminal is determined based on at least one of the following: The reporting capability of the terminal, the traffic volume of the terminal, and the situation of high-frequency idle resources.

28. The base station according to claim 18, wherein The second reference signal is a synchronization signal.

29. The base station according to claim 18, wherein The number of beams of the one or more beams is further determined based on the frequency information of the second frequency resource and the frequency information of the first frequency resource.

30. A base station, comprising: a memory storing computer-executable instructions; as well as One or more processors, the one or more processors being coupled to the memory, and implementing the method of any one of claims 1 to 12 when the computer-executable instructions are executed by the one or more processors.

31. A terminal, comprising: a transmitting module, wherein the transmitting module is configured to transmit a first reference signal to a base station through a first frequency resource; a first receiving module, configured to receive information about allocated second frequency resources notified by the base station through the first frequency resources; a second receiving module, the second receiving module being configured to receive, on one or more beams in an arrival direction of a direct path, a second reference signal transmitted by the base station through the allocated second frequency resource; the number of the one or more beams being determined based on a ratio of the second frequency resource to the first frequency resource; the number of the one or more beams being proportional to the magnitude of the ratio; the direct path being a direct path between the terminal and the base station; the direct path and the arrival direction of the direct path being determined by the base station based on the first reference signal; a measurement module, configured to obtain measurement information based on the second reference signal; a reporting module, configured to report the measurement information to the base station through the first frequency resource or the second frequency resource; a communication module, wherein the communication module establishes communication with the base station through the second frequency resource on the first beam; The first beam is selected by the base station from the one or more beams according to the measurement information.

32. The terminal according to claim 31, wherein The transmitting module is further configured to: A first reference signal is transmitted to the base station periodically or in a triggered manner through a first frequency resource.

33. The terminal according to claim 31, wherein: The transmitting module is further configured to: In response to a terminal needing to transmit a threshold amount of data, a first reference signal is triggeredly transmitted.

34. The terminal according to claim 31, wherein The second reference signal is a synchronization signal.

35. The terminal according to any one of claims 31 to 34, wherein the first frequency resource is lower than the second frequency resource.

36. A terminal, comprising: a memory storing computer-executable instructions; as well as One or more processors, the one or more processors being coupled to the memory, and implementing the method of any one of claims 13-17 when the computer-executable instructions are executed by the one or more processors.

37. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein when the program is executed by a processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12 and 13 to 17 is implemented.

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