Electricity trading method between distributed power generators and users based on blockchain platform

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for electricity trading between distributed power generators and users based on a blockchain platform. The point-to-point (P2P) market transaction operation is a method for local electricity sharing and fully utilizing distributed energy. At the same time, it enables distributed power generators and users to perform self-management operations through a reasonable transaction mechanism, avoiding the complexity of calculations and information and transaction security issues in matchmaking transactions. Therefore, it is very suitable for distributed power supply transactions. In addition, this process introduces blockchain technology, which has the advantage of short decision-making time when multilateral transactions are running, and can effectively solve the impact of the selfishness of both parties to the purchase and sale of electricity on transaction fairness and user privacy. The present invention provides a method for electricity trading between distributed power generators and users based on a blockchain platform, which ensures the balance of income and expenditure of enterprises and overcomes the problem that the current power market transaction platform is not secure enough. A social welfare maximization model is established, and a blockchain platform is introduced in power market transactions. Relying on the P2P transaction system, it can not only maintain the security of transactions, but also reduce the risk of privacy information exposure of both parties to the transaction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for electric energy trading between distributed power generators and users based on a blockchain platform, and belongs to the technical field of intelligent power grid control. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of distributed energy and the orderly progress of a new round of power system reform, the power market is facing new opportunities and challenges. The rational development of regional power market transactions can achieve local power sharing, with the advantages of reducing operating costs and enabling the local consumption of distributed energy.

[0003] However, due to the lack of users' motivation to obtain market electricity price information and complicated small-scale transactions, the electricity market will face problems of computational redundancy and high information security risks. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose: In order to overcome the problems existing in the prior art, the use of peer-to-peer (P2P) market transactions is a method for local power sharing and full utilization of distributed energy. At the same time, it enables distributed power generators and users to perform self-management operations through a reasonable transaction mechanism, avoiding the complexity of calculations and information and transaction security issues in matching transactions. Therefore, it is very suitable for distributed power supply transactions. In addition, this process introduces blockchain technology, which has the advantage of short decision-making time when multilateral transactions are running, and can effectively solve the impact of the selfishness of both parties to the power purchase and sale on transaction fairness and user privacy. The present invention provides a method for power trading between distributed power generators and users based on a blockchain platform, which ensures the balance of income and expenditure of the enterprise and overcomes the problem that the current power market trading platform is not secure enough. A social welfare maximization model is established, and a blockchain platform is introduced in power market transactions. Relying on the P2P trading system, it can not only maintain the security of transactions, but also reduce the risk of privacy information exposure of both parties to the transaction.

[0005] Technical solution: To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A method for electric energy trading between distributed power generators and users based on a blockchain platform, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Distributed power producers and users register on the blockchain platform and log in to the P2P trading system. The distributed power producers are the electricity sellers and the users are the electricity buyers. Both parties declare the electricity quantity and electricity price information respectively. The declared electricity quantity and electricity price information of both parties are encrypted, and the hash value of the encrypted data is calculated. The hash value and the encrypted data are packaged and uploaded to the blockchain platform together.

[0008] Step 2: The verification party of the P2P transaction system authenticates the identities of the distributed power generator and the user. After confirming the identities, it decrypts the declared power consumption and electricity price information of both parties in the blockchain platform. After checking that everything is correct, the verification party approves the transaction, encrypts the declared power consumption and electricity price information of both parties, calculates the hash value of the encrypted data, and uploads the hash value and the encrypted data to the blockchain platform together.

[0009] Step 3: The P2P trading system sorts the quotations of distributed power producers from low to high and the quotations of users from high to low, forms price difference pairs based on the principle of maximizing price difference, and conducts distributed power settlement. Finally, the transaction is completed and cleared. When the distributed power producers, users and verification parties jointly confirm the transaction results, the hash value of the confirmation results is calculated, packaged with the transaction result data, and uploaded to the blockchain platform through the smart contract provided by the blockchain platform.

[0010] As a preferred solution, the electricity price information of the distributed power generator is determined by the marginal cost of the distributed power generator.

[0011] As a preferred solution, the distributed power generators include: gas turbine units and photovoltaic units.

[0012] As a preferred solution, the marginal cost of the gas turbine unit is MC EFT =C OP +C G +C F , where C OP is the unit operation and maintenance cost, C G is the unit outsourcing cost, C F is the welfare fee; the marginal cost of the photovoltaic unit is Where C ZJ is the component cost, C OP is the operation and maintenance cost, C RL is the labor cost, C RE is the indirect cost, T is the operation period, t is the annual utilization rate, and S is the power station capacity.

[0013] As a preferred solution, the user's electricity price information is obtained by the following formula:

[0014]

[0015] Among them, η i is a self-elastic system, R is the Ramsey index which is a real number between 0 and 1, MC i is the average marginal cost of distributed power producers.

[0016] As a preferred solution, the constraints on the amount of electricity reported by the distributed power generator are as follows:

[0017] Q rj≤Q j

[0018] Where Q rj represents the amount of electricity reported by the generator in the jth distributed network, Q j The upper limit of the output of the distributed power generator.

[0019] The constraints on the user's reported electricity consumption are as follows:

[0020] Q ri ≤Q i

[0021] Where Q ri represents the amount of electricity reported by the i-th user, Q i Indicates the upper limit of electricity consumption reported by the i-th user.

[0022] As a preferred solution, the price difference calculation formula is as follows:

[0023] Z i =p i -p j

[0024] Where Z i is the price difference, p i is the electricity purchase price, p j Declare prices for electricity sales.

[0025] As a preferred solution, the data encryption adopts a symmetric cryptographic algorithm.

[0026] Beneficial effects: The method for electricity trading between distributed power generators and users based on the blockchain platform provided by the present invention optimizes the quotations of users participating in the market. By referring to blockchain technology, it can not only maintain the security of transactions, but also reduce the risk of privacy information exposure of both parties to the transaction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 Flowchart of the method of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a bilateral transaction flow chart. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for electric energy trading between distributed power generators and users based on a blockchain platform includes the following steps:

[0031] Step 1: Determine the marginal cost of distributed power producers. Marginal cost is an important reference factor for distributed power producers to formulate quotations.

[0032] Step 2: Calculate the user's price elasticity of demand. This measures the sensitivity of demand to price changes and directly reflects the degree of fluctuation in the relationship between electricity price and electricity consumption. A model based on Ramsey theory is then established to determine the costs and revenues of distributed generators and user demand using the amount of electricity consumed and the price. Partial derivatives are then used to determine the user's bid price for participating in the electricity market, completing Stage 1.

[0033] Step 3: Phase 2 is the transaction process for distributed power generators and users to participate in the electricity market. The P2P transaction system is adopted. First, the distributed power generators and users register on the blockchain platform and log in to the P2P transaction system. The distributed power generators are the electricity sellers and the users are the electricity buyers. Both parties declare the electricity volume and electricity price information respectively.

[0034] Step 4: The verification party determines whether the information of the declarant is correct on the blockchain platform. If it is correct, it proceeds to step 6. Otherwise, the party with incorrect information re-declares the electricity consumption and electricity price information and returns to step 3.

[0035] Step 5: According to the rules, the electricity sellers are sorted in order from low to high according to the declared prices, and the users are sorted in order from high to low according to the declared prices. Based on the sorting results, price difference pairs are formed.

[0036] Step 6: Determine whether the price difference between the buyer and the seller is greater than zero. If so, upload the information to the blockchain, generate a transaction order, and complete the clearing. Otherwise, the system adjusts the transaction volume and returns to step 5.

[0037] In step 1, since the use of distributed power generators has advantages such as good economic benefits, high energy utilization, and flexible power generation methods, which is conducive to achieving diversified and clean development of the energy system, the distributed power generators in the regional market described in the present invention are composed of gas turbine units and photovoltaic units. The cost of the gas turbine unit is mainly composed of material costs, fuel costs, power costs, depreciation costs, staff costs, repair costs, and other costs. Among them, the purchase cost and operation and maintenance costs together constitute the marginal cost of the fuel unit. Based on this, the marginal cost calculation model is established as follows:

[0038] MC EFT =C OP +C G +C F (1)

[0039] Where C OP is the unit operation and maintenance cost, C G is the unit outsourcing cost, C F It's welfare money.

[0040] The cost of a photovoltaic unit primarily involves four components: operation and maintenance costs, installation costs, indirect costs, and labor costs. Indirect costs include related financial expenses, amortized management fees, licensing fees and patent fees for introducing advanced technologies during the photovoltaic power station's operation, and taxes and fees incurred during the implementation of the photovoltaic project. Based on this, the cost per kilowatt-hour calculation model is established, with the photovoltaic power station's operating period as the primary variable:

[0041]

[0042] Where C ZJ is the component cost, C OP is the operation and maintenance cost, C RL is the labor cost, C RE is the indirect cost, T is the operation period, t is the annual utilization rate, and S is the power station capacity.

[0043] By calculating marginal costs, we provide suggestions for distributed power generators to participate in electricity market quotation.

[0044] In step 2, as the information exchange between power sales companies and users becomes increasingly close, users participate in the operation of the power market, which is reflected in the demand price elasticity model based on electricity prices. This paper establishes a load demand price elasticity matrix based on different user behaviors. It is composed of self-elasticity coefficients and mutual elasticity coefficients, and is defined as follows:

[0045]

[0046]

[0047] Where, ε i,i is the elastic coefficient, ε i,j is the mutual elasticity coefficient, q and Δq represent the amount of electricity and the change in electricity in a certain period of time, p and Δp represent the electricity price and the change in electricity price in a certain period of time.

[0048] Based on the supply-demand balance, the electricity quantity q and the electricity price p can be approximately linearly related near a certain point, which can be expressed as:

[0049] q=-a·p+b (5)

[0050] According to formulas (1) and (3), the elastic coefficient can be obtained:

[0051]

[0052] In addition, the total amount of electricity Q after the user participates in the electricity market declaration transaction remains unchanged, that is,

[0053] q i +q j =Q (7)

[0054] Substituting formula (3) into

[0055] q i -a j ·p j +b j =Q (8)

[0056] Both sides of p j Derivation, we get

[0057]

[0058] Therefore, according to the formula, we have

[0059]

[0060] In summary, the demand price elasticity matrix E is obtained as

[0061]

[0062] Assume that the distributed power generator provides services to i types of users with different behaviors, and the demands of each type of users are independent of each other, so the mutual elasticity coefficient is 0. This paper only considers the self-elasticity coefficient, which is defined as η i .

[0063] The bidding mechanism in the electricity market affects the economics of both users and electricity retailers. Distributed generators (DGs) have significant fixed costs, so using marginal cost pricing will inevitably lead to losses. Using a break-even approach will result in a loss of social welfare. Therefore, treating DGs and users equally requires a balance between marginal cost and break-even. The Ramsey theory has the advantage of determining bids based on the generator's marginal cost and the price elasticity of demand from different users, while ensuring a balanced budget for DGs.

[0064] The objective function is:

[0065]

[0066] In the formula, SW represents social welfare, CS represents consumer surplus, PS represents production surplus, and D i (q i ) represents the demand function, C i (q i ) represents the cost function of distributed power producers, which can be confirmed by the distributed power producer costs analyzed above.

[0067] The constraints are:

[0068]

[0069] Where, Represents the revenue of distributed power generators.

[0070] The Lagrange multiplier λ is introduced to transform the above problem into:

[0071]

[0072] Apply equation (14) to q i Find the first-order partial derivative and get:

[0073]

[0074] The user quotation model is further sorted out:

[0075]

[0076] in, Ramsey Index MC i is the average marginal cost of distributed generators. The Ramsey index R is a real number between 0 and 1. When R = 0, the price is the marginal cost; when R = 1, the price is the monopoly price. According to Ramsey theory, R should be equal for users with different behaviors.

[0077] Assuming that the user's price elasticity of demand is a constant, it is calculated as:

[0078]

[0079] We can get:

[0080]

[0081] According to the constraints of Ramsey theory, producer surplus should be equal to the fixed cost of distributed power producers. It can be expressed as:

[0082]

[0083] Fixed costs for distributed power producers can be divided into material costs, employee salaries, employee benefits, depreciation of power generation equipment, and repair costs for grid equipment. Finally, the user's price quote is determined based on the price elasticity of demand, marginal cost, and the corresponding k for different user behaviors.

[0084] In steps 4 and 5, since the power reform, a large number of power sales companies have entered my country's power market, and market players have become complex and diversified. However, the active market will bring some problems: first, trust issues will arise between the various players; second, risk prevention issues in power market transactions; and finally, timeliness and security issues of information release brought about by the diversity of the various players.

[0085] Blockchain technology is a technology that can achieve transparent information sharing among all parties. By introducing blockchain technology into the P2P trading platform, distributed power producers and users can clearly know each other's transaction volume, creditworthiness and other information. In addition, blockchain technology has the characteristics of traceability and information cannot be tampered with, which can effectively reduce potential risks in the transaction process. In P2P transactions conducted on the blockchain platform, participants are equal and decentralized, and do not require the participation of third-party institutions, which also increases the security of transactions.

[0086] like Figure 2 As shown in Figure 2, the steps for distributed generators and users to participate in bilateral transactions in the electricity market are as follows:

[0087] Step 1: Each applicant is authenticated by the identity authentication mechanism and logs into the P2P trading system to submit an application. The private data involved in the application process is encrypted using a symmetric encryption algorithm, and the hash value of the encrypted data is calculated. The hash value is packaged with the encrypted data and uploaded to the blockchain.

[0088] Step 2: The verification party uses the identity authentication mechanism to verify their identity, logs into the transaction system for confirmation, decrypts the declared electricity quantity and price using the symmetric key, and after verification, approves the transaction. The hidden data involved in the confirmation process is encrypted using a symmetric encryption algorithm, and the hash value of the encrypted data is calculated and uploaded to the blockchain together with the encrypted data.

[0089] The constraint model for both parties participating in the electricity market to verify data through blockchain is as follows:

[0090] Distributed photovoltaic output constraints:

[0091]

[0092] Where, Respectively represent the actual available power and output of the photovoltaic unit;

[0093] Gas turbine output constraints:

[0094] P EGT,min ≤P EGT,t ≤P EGT,max (twenty one)

[0095] Where, P EGT,max and P EGT,min are the upper and lower limits of the gas turbine's power generation capacity, respectively.

[0096] Constraints on electricity consumption reported by electricity sellers:

[0097] Q rj ≤Q j (17)

[0098] Where Q rjrepresents the amount of electricity reported by the generators in the jth distributed network, Q j The upper limit of the output of each distributed generator in the jth network.

[0099] Constraints on electricity consumption declared by electricity purchasers:

[0100] Q ri ≤Q i (18)

[0101] Where Q ri represents the amount of electricity reported by each user i, Q i Indicates the upper limit of electricity consumption reported by the i-th user.

[0102] Step 3: When the reporting parties and the verification party jointly confirm the transaction results, calculate the hash value of the confirmation results, package it with the original transaction result data, and upload it to the blockchain, the quotations of distributed power generators are sorted from low to high and the quotations of users are sorted from high to low through the smart contract provided by the platform. The price difference pairs are formed based on the principle of maximizing the price difference, and the distributed power settlement is carried out. Finally, the transaction is completed and cleared.

[0103] The model of the price difference between the two parties is:

[0104] Z i =p i -p j (twenty four)

[0105] Where Z i is the price difference, p i is the electricity purchase price, p j Declare prices for electricity sales.

[0106] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for electric energy trading between distributed power generators and users based on a blockchain platform, characterized by: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Distributed power producers and users register on the blockchain platform and log in to the P2P trading system. The distributed power producers are the electricity sellers and the users are the electricity buyers. Both parties declare their electricity consumption and electricity price information. The declared electricity consumption and electricity price information of both parties is encrypted, and the hash value of the encrypted data is calculated. The hash value and the encrypted data are packaged and uploaded to the blockchain platform together. Step 2: The P2P trading system's verification party authenticates the identities of the distributed power generator and the user. After confirming their identities, the verification party decrypts the declared power consumption and electricity price information of both parties on the blockchain platform. After checking that everything is correct, the verification party approves the transaction, encrypts the declared power consumption and electricity price information of both parties, calculates the hash value of the encrypted data, and uploads the hash value and the encrypted data to the blockchain platform. Step 3: The P2P trading system sorts the bids of distributed power producers from low to high and the bids of users from high to low, forms price difference pairs based on the principle of maximizing the price difference, and conducts distributed power settlement. Finally, the transaction is completed and cleared. When the distributed power producers, users and the verification party jointly confirm the transaction results, the hash value of the confirmation result is calculated, packaged with the transaction result data, and uploaded to the blockchain platform through the smart contract provided by the blockchain platform; The electricity price information of the distributed power generator is determined by the marginal cost of the distributed power generator; The distributed power generators include gas turbine units and photovoltaic units.

2. The method for electric energy trading between distributed power generators and users based on a blockchain platform according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The marginal cost of the gas turbine unit is MC FET =C OP +C G +C F , where C OP is the unit operation and maintenance cost, C G is the unit outsourcing cost, C F is the welfare fee; the marginal cost of the photovoltaic unit is Where C ZJ is the component cost, C OP is the operation and maintenance cost, C RL is the labor cost, C RE is the indirect cost, T is the operation period, t is the annual utilization rate, and S is the power station capacity.

3. The method for electric energy trading between distributed power generators and users based on a blockchain platform according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The user's electricity price information is obtained by the following formula: Among them, η i is a self-elastic system, R is the Ramsey index which is a real number between 0 and 1, MC i is the average marginal cost of distributed power producers.

4. The method for electric energy trading between distributed power generators and users based on a blockchain platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The constraints on the amount of electricity reported by the distributed power generators are as follows: Q rj ≤Q j Where Q rj represents the amount of electricity reported by the generator in the jth distributed network, Q j represents the upper limit of the output of the generator in the jth distributed system; The constraints on the user's reported electricity consumption are as follows: Q ri ≤Q i Where Q ri represents the amount of electricity reported by the i-th user, Q i Indicates the upper limit of electricity consumption reported by the i-th user.

5. The method for electric energy trading between distributed power generators and users based on a blockchain platform according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The price difference calculation formula is as follows: Z i =p i -p j Where Z i is the price difference, p i is the electricity purchase price, p j Declare prices for electricity sales.

6. The method for electric energy trading between distributed power generators and users based on a blockchain platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data encryption adopts a symmetric cryptographic algorithm.

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