Random number generation method and device on blockchain for execution first and consensus later

Abstract

The present invention discloses a random number generation method and device on a blockchain for execution first and consensus later, wherein the method comprises the following steps: receiving a transaction sent by a user to a plurality of endorsement nodes for endorsement request; the endorsement node replaces the random number to be read when simulating the execution of the transaction with a placeholder, generates a read-write set expressed by the placeholder, and signs the read-write set and returns it as an endorsement result; after the user receives the signature of the read-write set given by the endorsement node set that meets the endorsement policy requirements, the transaction, the read-write set, and the signature of the endorsement node are sent to the consensus node; after the consensus node is sorted, the transaction endorsement is packaged into blocks and handed over to the execution node for execution; when the execution node executes, the value of the random number is determined, the placeholder is replaced with the value of the random number, and the value of the placeholder expression is calculated and written into the blockchain state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of blockchain, and in particular relates to a method and device for generating random numbers on a blockchain for execution-first-then-consensus. Background Art

[0002] In an execution-first-consensus blockchain like Hyperledger Fabric, the call to the on-chain smart contract is completed through transaction endorsement. Specifically, it generally includes the following steps:

[0003] The user sends the transaction called by the smart contract to multiple endorsement nodes on the chain to request endorsement;

[0004] After receiving the transaction, the endorsing node simulates the execution of the transaction according to the current chain status, signs the transaction execution result (read and write status) and returns it to the user to complete the endorsement;

[0005] After the user has collected enough transaction endorsements that meet the on-chain requirements and have the same execution results, these endorsements containing the execution results are aggregated and submitted to the consensus node for sorting;

[0006] The consensus node completes the sorting and packages the transaction endorsements into blocks and hands them over to the execution node;

[0007] After receiving the block, the execution node verifies the transaction endorsement and checks the read and write status of the execution result, and applies the legal write status to the status of the blockchain.

[0008] However, in this mode, since the simulation execution occurs before consensus, it becomes difficult to generate a random number. On the one hand, if the smart contract contains random numbers, different endorsement nodes will simulate different results, and users will not be able to collect the same endorsement results. On the other hand, if the random result is known or predictable before consensus, then if the random result is unfavorable to the user, there is no guarantee that the user will submit the result to the on-chain consensus. Summary of the invention

[0009] In view of the above problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method and device for generating random numbers on a blockchain that is executed first and then agreed upon. The random value is not determined until the block consensus is completed and packaged into blocks. The user and the endorsement node cannot know the random value in advance, and the user cannot regret the random result.

[0010] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0011] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for generating random numbers on a blockchain for execution first and consensus later, comprising the following steps:

[0012] Receive transactions sent by users to several endorsing nodes for endorsement;

[0013] The endorsement node replaces the random number to be read when simulating the execution of the transaction with a placeholder, generates a read-write set expressed by the placeholder, signs the read-write set and returns it as an endorsement result;

[0014] After receiving the signature of the read-write set from the set of endorsement nodes that meet the endorsement policy requirements, the user sends the transaction, read-write set, and signature of the endorsement node to the consensus node;

[0015] After the consensus nodes have completed the sorting, they package the transaction endorsements into blocks and hand them over to the execution nodes for execution;

[0016] When the execution node is executed, the value of the random number is determined, the placeholder is replaced with the value of the random number, and the value of the placeholder expression is calculated and written into the blockchain state.

[0017] In a possible design of the first aspect, the endorsement node replaces the random number to be read when simulating the transaction with a placeholder, specifically including:

[0018] The endorsement node provides a random number generation interface, which returns a placeholder;

[0019] When a contract calls the random number generation interface, a new placeholder type is recorded in the read-write set; when the operation expression containing the placeholder is written, an evaluation mark is added.

[0020] In a possible design of the first aspect, when the execution node executes, it determines the value of the random number, replaces the placeholder with the value of the random number, and obtains the value of the placeholder expression and writes it into the blockchain state, including: after the execution node receives the block, it verifies the transaction endorsement and checks the read-write conflict of the read-write set, writes the legal transaction to the state of the chain, and if a read-write set containing a random placeholder is found, uses the information of the current block to generate a random seed through hashing, and then generates a random number from the random seed. For items in the write set marked as requiring evaluation, the random number is replaced in the placeholder for evaluation, and the evaluation result is written into the state of the chain instead of the placeholder expression.

[0021] In a possible design of the first aspect, a consortium chain is composed of several organizations, and the nodes on the consortium chain belong to different organizations. The endorsement policy requires that the executed transactions be endorsed by at least one endorsement node in each organization.

[0022] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a random number generation device on a blockchain for execution first and consensus later, comprising a consensus node, an execution node, and a plurality of endorsement nodes, each endorsement node comprising an endorsement request receiving module and an endorsement result generating module;

[0023] The endorsement request receiving module is used to receive transactions sent by a user to several endorsement nodes to request endorsement;

[0024] The endorsement result generation module is used to replace the random number to be read when the transaction simulation is executed with a placeholder, generate a read-write set expressed by the placeholder, sign the read-write set and return it as an endorsement result;

[0025] The consensus node is used to receive the transaction, read-write set, and signature of the endorsement node sent by the user after receiving the signature of the read-write set given by the endorsement node set that meets the endorsement policy requirements; after the consensus node sorting is completed, the transaction endorsement is packaged into blocks and handed over to the execution node for execution;

[0026] When the execution node is executed, the value of the random number is determined, the placeholder is replaced with the value of the random number, and the value of the placeholder expression is calculated and written into the blockchain state.

[0027] In a possible design of the second aspect, the endorsement node replaces the random number to be read when simulating the transaction with a placeholder, specifically including:

[0028] The endorsement node provides a random number generation interface, which returns a placeholder;

[0029] When a contract calls the random number generation interface, a new placeholder type is recorded in the read-write set; when the operation expression containing the placeholder is written, an evaluation mark is added.

[0030] In a possible design of the second aspect, when the execution node executes, it determines the value of the random number, replaces the placeholder with the value of the random number, and obtains the value of the placeholder expression and writes it into the blockchain state, including: after the execution node receives the block, it verifies the transaction endorsement and checks the read-write conflict of the read-write set, writes the legal transaction to the state of the chain, and if a read-write set containing a random placeholder is found, uses the information of the current block to generate a random seed through hashing, and then generates a random number from the random seed. For items in the write set marked as needing to be evaluated, the random number is replaced in the placeholder for evaluation, and the evaluation result is written into the state of the chain instead of the placeholder expression.

[0031] In a possible design of the second aspect, a consortium chain is composed of several organizations, and the nodes on the consortium chain belong to different organizations. The endorsement policy requires that the executed transactions be endorsed by at least one endorsement node in each organization.

[0032] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer device, comprising at least a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the random number generation method on a blockchain for execution-first-then-consensus as described above is implemented.

[0033] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and the program is executed by a processor to implement any of the above-described methods for generating random numbers on a blockchain for execution-first-then-consensus.

[0034] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] (1) When a user requests an endorsement result from an endorsement node, the placeholder is used to avoid the problem of inconsistent endorsement results generated by different endorsement nodes due to random numbers, so that the blockchain in the form of execution first and consensus later can also use random numbers.

[0036] (2) Until the transaction is packaged into a block, the random number cannot be determined, and the endorsing node and the user cannot know the random result in advance.

[0037] (3) Users cannot know the random results when collecting endorsement results, and will not refuse to submit endorsement results to the consensus node and regret because of unfavorable random results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the steps of a random number generation method on a blockchain for execution first and consensus later according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a random number generation device on a blockchain for execution first and consensus later according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 The figure is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] See also Figure 1 , which is a flowchart of a random number generation method on a blockchain for execution first and consensus later according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprising the following steps:

[0043] S10, receiving a transaction sent by a user to several endorsing nodes requesting endorsement;

[0044] S20, the endorsing node replaces the random number to be read when simulating the execution of the transaction with a placeholder, generates a read-write set expressed by the placeholder, signs the read-write set and returns it as an endorsement result;

[0045] S30, after receiving the signature of the read-write set from the set of endorsement nodes that meet the endorsement policy requirements, the user sends the transaction, the read-write set, and the signature of the endorsement node to the consensus node;

[0046] S40, after the consensus node sorting is completed, the transaction endorsement is packaged into blocks and handed over to the execution node for execution;

[0047] S50, when the execution node executes, determines the value of the random number, replaces the placeholder with the value of the random number, calculates the value of the placeholder expression and writes it into the blockchain state.

[0048] Through the random number generation method for execution-before-consensus on the blockchain implemented above, the random number is not determined until the block consensus is packaged, and the user and the endorsing node cannot know the random value in advance, so that the user cannot regret the random result.

[0049] In a random number generation method for blockchain for execution first and consensus later according to an embodiment of the present invention, the endorsement node replaces the random number to be read when simulating the execution of the transaction with a placeholder, specifically including:

[0050] The endorsement node provides a random number generation interface, which returns a placeholder;

[0051] When a contract calls the random number generation interface, a new placeholder type is recorded in the read-write set; when the operation expression containing the placeholder is written, an evaluation mark is added.

[0052] The placeholder type here is a numeric placeholder type, and various operations can be performed on it like numbers. The result of the operation is the expression with this placeholder, and the calculated result is an algebraic expression such as a^2+a+1.

[0053] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a random number generation method for a blockchain for execution first and consensus later is provided. When the execution node executes, the value of the random number is determined, the placeholder is replaced with the value of the random number, and the value of the placeholder expression is calculated and written into the blockchain state. The method includes: after the execution node receives the block, it verifies the transaction endorsement and checks the read-write conflict of the read-write set, writes the legal transaction into the state of the chain, and if a read-write set containing a random placeholder is found, the information of the current block is used to generate a random seed by hashing, and then a random number is generated from the random seed. For items in the write set marked as requiring evaluation, the random number is replaced in the placeholder for evaluation, and the evaluation result is written into the state of the chain instead of the placeholder expression. The information of the current block includes the voting information of the consensus node.

[0054] In the random number generation method on the blockchain for execution first and consensus later of one embodiment of the present invention, because the hyperledger is a consortium chain, a consortium chain is composed of several organizations, and the nodes on the consortium chain belong to different organizations. The endorsement policy requires that the executed transaction be endorsed by at least one endorsement node in each organization. For example, organization A has endorsement nodes A1 and A2, organization B has endorsement nodes B1, B2, and B3, and organization C has endorsement node C1. The endorsement policy can be to require that the executed transaction be endorsed by at least one endorsement node in each organization. Then the node set that meets the endorsement policy requirements can be {A1, B2, C1}, or {A1, A2, B1, C1}, or {A2, B1, B2, C1}.

[0055] The random number generation method for blockchain for execution first and consensus later implemented by the above embodiment is exemplified as follows:

[0056] Take smart contract R as an example. There is a random number value and a method random_plus_one in the smart contract. Whenever a random_plus_one call request is received, a random number is generated, plus one, and then stored in value.

[0057] Assume that a user calls this contract and constructs a transaction that calls the random_plus_one method on the R contract, and sends it to a group of endorsement nodes that meet the endorsement policy requirements for endorsement.

[0058] After receiving the endorsement request, the endorsement node generates the following endorsement result (example), signs it, and returns it to the user.

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] After collecting enough consistent endorsement results, the user submits them to the consensus node to start consensus, and finally packages them into blocks and sends them to the execution node for execution.

[0062] After receiving the block, the execution node verifies the legitimacy and starts writing the status. When encountering a write using a random placeholder, it uses the information of the current block to hash the random value generated by the random number seed and fills it in before writing.

[0063] For the embodiments of the method of the present invention, see Figure 2The embodiment of the present invention provides a random number generation device on a blockchain for execution first and consensus later, comprising a consensus node 20, an execution node 30 and a plurality of endorsement nodes 10, each endorsement node 10 comprising an endorsement request receiving module 101 and an endorsement result generating module 102; wherein the endorsement request receiving module 101 is used to receive a transaction sent by a user to a plurality of endorsement nodes for endorsement; the endorsement result generating module 102 is used to replace the random number to be read when the transaction is simulated and executed with a placeholder, generate a read-write set expressed with the placeholder, and sign the read-write set and return it as an endorsement result; the consensus node 20 is used to receive the transaction, the read-write set, and the signature of the endorsement node sent by the user after receiving the signature of the read-write set given by the endorsement node set that meets the endorsement policy requirements; after the consensus node 20 completes the sorting, the transaction endorsement is packaged into a block and handed over to the execution node for execution; when the execution node 30 executes, the value of the random number is determined, the placeholder is replaced with the value of the random number, and the value of the placeholder expression is calculated and written into the blockchain state.

[0064] In a random number generation device for blockchain for execution first and consensus later according to an embodiment of the present invention, the endorsement node replaces the random number to be read when simulating the execution of the transaction with a placeholder, specifically including:

[0065] The endorsement node provides a random number generation interface, which returns a placeholder;

[0066] When a contract calls the random number generation interface, a new placeholder type is recorded in the read-write set; when the operation expression containing the placeholder is written, an evaluation mark is added.

[0067] The placeholder type here is a numeric placeholder type, and various operations can be performed on it like numbers. The result of the operation is the expression with this placeholder, and the calculated result is an algebraic expression such as a^2+a+1.

[0068] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a random number generation device for a blockchain that executes first and then reaches consensus, when an execution node executes, determines the value of a random number, replaces a placeholder with the value of a random number, and obtains the value of the placeholder expression and writes it into the blockchain state, including: after receiving a block, the execution node verifies the transaction endorsement and checks the read-write conflict of the read-write set, writes the legal transaction into the state of the chain, and if a read-write set containing a random placeholder is found, generates a random seed by hashing the information of the current block, and then generates a random number from the random seed, replaces the random number in the placeholder for evaluation of the item marked in the write set, and writes the evaluation result into the state of the chain instead of the placeholder expression. The information of the current block includes the voting information of the consensus node.

[0069] In a random number generation device for a blockchain for execution first and consensus later in one embodiment of the present invention, because the hyperledger is a consortium chain, a consortium chain is composed of several organizations, and the nodes on the consortium chain belong to different organizations. The endorsement policy requires that the executed transaction be endorsed by at least one endorsement node in each organization. For example, organization A has endorsement nodes A1 and A2, organization B has endorsement nodes B1, B2, and B3, and organization C has endorsement node C1. The endorsement policy can be to require that the executed transaction be endorsed by at least one endorsement node in each organization. Then the node set that meets the endorsement policy requirements can be {A1, B2, C1}, or {A1, A2, B1, C1}, or {A2, B1, B2, C1}.

[0070] Figure 3 A more specific hardware structure diagram of a computing device provided in an embodiment of this specification is shown, and the computer device may include: a processor 301, a memory 302, an input / output interface 303, a communication interface 304, and a bus 305. The processor 301, the memory 302, the input / output interface 303, and the communication interface 304 are connected to each other in communication within the device through the bus 305.

[0071] The processor 301 can be implemented by a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, and is used to execute relevant programs to implement the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification.

[0072] The memory 302 can be implemented in the form of ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), static storage device, dynamic storage device, etc. The memory 302 can store an operating system and other application programs. When the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification are implemented by software or firmware, the relevant program codes are stored in the memory 302 and called and executed by the processor 301.

[0073] A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps in the various methods of the above embodiments may be completed by instructions, or by controlling related hardware through instructions. The instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium and loaded and executed by a processor.

[0074] To this end, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which a plurality of computer programs are stored, and the computer program can be loaded by a processor to execute the steps of any of the random number generation methods for blockchains for execution first and consensus later provided in the embodiments of the present application. For example, the computer program can execute the following steps:

[0075] Receive transactions sent by users to several endorsing nodes for endorsement;

[0076] The endorsement node replaces the random number to be read when simulating the execution of the transaction with a placeholder, generates a read-write set expressed by the placeholder, signs the read-write set and returns it as an endorsement result;

[0077] After receiving the signature of the read-write set from the set of endorsement nodes that meet the endorsement policy requirements, the user sends the transaction, read-write set, and signature of the endorsement node to the consensus node;

[0078] After the consensus nodes have completed the sorting, they package the transaction endorsements into blocks and hand them over to the execution nodes for execution;

[0079] When the execution node is executed, the value of the random number is determined, the placeholder is replaced with the value of the random number, and the value of the placeholder expression is calculated and written into the blockchain state.

[0080] The specific implementation of the above steps can be found in the above method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0081] Computer readable media include permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can be implemented by any method or technology to store information. Information can be computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or any other non-transmission media that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device.

[0082] Since the computer program stored in the storage medium can execute any step of random number generation on a blockchain for execution first and consensus later provided in the embodiments of the present application, the beneficial effects that can be achieved by any random number generation on a blockchain for execution first and consensus later provided in the embodiments of the present application can be achieved. For details, please refer to the above embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0083] It should be understood that the exemplary embodiments described herein are illustrative rather than restrictive. Although one or more embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A random number generation method for a blockchain that executes first and then reaches consensus, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Receive transactions sent by users to several endorsing nodes for endorsement; The endorsement node replaces the random number to be read when simulating the execution of the transaction with a placeholder, generates a read-write set expressed by the placeholder, signs the read-write set and returns it as an endorsement result; After receiving the signature of the read-write set from the set of endorsement nodes that meet the endorsement policy requirements, the user sends the transaction, read-write set, and signature of the endorsement node to the consensus node; After the consensus nodes have completed the sorting, they package the transaction endorsements into blocks and hand them over to the execution nodes for execution; When the execution node is executed, the value of the random number is determined, the placeholder is replaced with the value of the random number, and the value of the placeholder expression is calculated and written into the blockchain state; When the execution node executes, it determines the value of the random number, replaces the placeholder with the value of the random number, and obtains the value of the placeholder expression and writes it into the blockchain state. The process includes: after receiving the block, the execution node verifies the transaction endorsement and checks the read-write conflict of the read-write set, and writes the legal transaction into the chain state. If a read-write set containing a random placeholder is found, the information of the current block is used to generate a random seed through hashing, and then a random number is generated from the random seed. For items in the write set marked as requiring evaluation, the random number is replaced in the placeholder for evaluation, and the evaluation result is written into the chain state instead of the placeholder expression.

2. The random number generation method for blockchain for execution first and consensus later as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The endorsement node replaces the random number to be read when simulating the transaction with a placeholder, specifically including: The endorsement node provides a random number generation interface, which returns a placeholder; When a contract calls the random number generation interface, a new placeholder type is recorded in the read-write set; when the operation expression containing the placeholder is written, an evaluation mark is added.

3. The random number generation method for blockchain for execution first and consensus later as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: For a consortium chain, it is composed of several organizations. The nodes on the consortium chain belong to different organizations. The endorsement policy requires that the executed transactions be endorsed by at least one endorsement node in each organization.

4. A random number generation device for a blockchain that performs execution first and consensus later, characterized in that: It includes endorsement nodes, consensus nodes and execution nodes, including consensus nodes, execution nodes and several endorsement nodes, each endorsement node includes an endorsement request receiving module and an endorsement result generating module; The endorsement request receiving module is used to receive transactions sent by a user to several endorsement nodes to request endorsement; The endorsement result generation module is used to replace the random number to be read when the transaction simulation is executed with a placeholder, generate a read-write set expressed by the placeholder, sign the read-write set and return it as an endorsement result; The consensus node is used to receive the transaction, read-write set, and signature of the endorsement node sent by the user after receiving the signature of the read-write set given by the endorsement node set that meets the endorsement policy requirements; after the consensus node sorting is completed, the transaction endorsement is packaged into blocks and handed over to the execution node for execution; When the execution node is executed, the value of the random number is determined, the placeholder is replaced with the value of the random number, and the value of the placeholder expression is calculated and written into the blockchain state; When the execution node executes, it determines the value of the random number, replaces the placeholder with the value of the random number, and obtains the value of the placeholder expression and writes it into the blockchain state. The process includes: after receiving the block, the execution node verifies the transaction endorsement and checks the read-write conflict of the read-write set, and writes the legal transaction into the chain state. If a read-write set containing a random placeholder is found, the information of the current block is used to generate a random seed through hashing, and then a random number is generated from the random seed. For items in the write set marked as requiring evaluation, the random number is replaced in the placeholder for evaluation, and the evaluation result is written into the chain state instead of the placeholder expression.

5. The random number generation device for blockchain for execution first and consensus later according to claim 4, characterized in that: The endorsement node replaces the random number to be read when simulating the transaction with a placeholder, specifically including: The endorsement node provides a random number generation interface, which returns a placeholder; When a contract calls the random number generation interface, a new placeholder type is recorded in the read-write set; when the operation expression containing the placeholder is written, an evaluation mark is added.

6. The random number generation device for blockchain for execution first and consensus later as claimed in claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: For a consortium chain, it is composed of several organizations. The nodes on the consortium chain belong to different organizations. The endorsement policy requires that the executed transactions be endorsed by at least one endorsement node in each organization.

7. A computer device, characterized in that: The method comprises at least a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the random number generation method on the blockchain for execution-before-consensus as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 is implemented.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which is executed by a processor to implement the random number generation method on a blockchain for execution-first-and-consensus as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

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