RFID tag location verification using image data

Abstract

An electronic article surveillance system wherein a radio frequency identification (RFID) interrogation signal is transmitted into an RFID interrogation region of an EAS system via a first time window. A plurality of response signals are detected from a first RFID tag of the EAS system in response to the interrogation signal. Image data is captured within a field of view via a second time window at least partially overlapping the first time window. The field of view and the RFID interrogation region overlap to form a region of interest. Movement of a non-tag object during the first time window is characterized based on the image data. A determination is made as to whether the first RFID tag is associated with a characterized non-tag object based on a comparison of the plurality of response signals detected and the characterized movement of the non-tag object.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Non-Provisional Application No. 17 / 004,907, filed on August 27, 2020, entitled “RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID) TAG LOCATION VERIFICATION USING IMAGE DATA,” and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 894,680, filed on August 30, 2019, entitled “VIDEO VALIDATION OF ELECTRONICARTICLE SURVEILLANCE ALARM EVENTS FROM RFID TAGS,” which are expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to electronic article surveillance (EAS). Examples related to EAS using radio frequency identification (RFID) tags with tag locations are verified through image data. Background Art

[0004] EAS systems are commonly used in retail stores and other settings to prevent unauthorized removal of goods from a protected area. Typically, a detection system is deployed at the exit of a protected area that includes one or more transmitters and antennas ("pedestals") capable of generating an electromagnetic field across the exit, referred to as an "interrogation zone." Protected merchandise is marked with an EAS tag that, if activated, generates a response signal when passing through this interrogation zone. An antenna and receiver in the same or another "pedestal" detects this response signal and generates an alarm. Summary of the invention

[0005] The following presents a simplified overview of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. The present invention content is not an extensive overview of all aspects covered, and is neither intended to identify the key or decisive elements of all aspects, nor to delimit the scope of any or all aspects. Its only purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to a more detailed description presented later.

[0006] Example implementations include a method of electronic article surveillance (EAS), comprising transmitting a radio frequency identification (RFID) interrogation signal into an RFID interrogation region of the EAS system via a first time window. The system detects a plurality of response signals from a first RFID tag of the EAS system in response to the interrogation signal. The EAS system captures image data within a field of view via a second time window that at least partially overlaps the first time window. The field of view and the RFID interrogation region overlap to form a region of interest. The EAS system characterizes movement of a non-tag object during the first time window based on the image data. The EAS system then determines whether the first RFID tag is associated with a characterized non-tag object based on a comparison of the detected plurality of response signals with the characterized movement of the non-tag object.

[0007] In some instances, the capturing is in response to the detecting. In some such instances, the detecting comprises detecting that the tag is not authorized to enter the RFID interrogation zone. In some such instances, the EAS system issues an alarm in response to determining that the first RFID tag is associated with the characterized non-tag object based on a comparison of the detected plurality of response signals to the characterized movement of the non-tag object.

[0008] In some examples, characterizing includes estimating one or more of a speed of the non-tag object and a direction of travel of the non-tag object. In some examples, determining whether the first RFID tag is associated with the characterized non-tag object includes determining a similarity greater than a threshold similarity between the detected plurality of response signals and the characterized movement of the non-tag object.

[0009] To accomplish the above and related ends, one or more aspects include features fully described below and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the accompanying drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of one or more aspects. However, these features are indicative of only a few of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects may be employed, and this description is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 is a diagram of an illustrative architecture for a system.

[0011] Figure 2 is a diagram of an illustrative architecture for tags.

[0012] Figure 3 is a diagram of an illustrative architecture for a tag reader.

[0013] Figure 4 is a diagram of an illustrative architecture for a server.

[0014] Figure 5 Flowchart of a method of electronic article surveillance according to an example of the technology disclosed herein.

[0015] Figure 6 is a diagram of an architecture according to an example of the technology disclosed herein.

[0016] Figure 7 Flowchart of a method of electronic article surveillance according to an example of the technology disclosed herein.

[0017] Figure 8 is an illustration of a computing device that includes components for performing the functions of examples of the techniques disclosed herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] It will be readily appreciated that the components of the embodiments as generally described herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawings may be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations. Therefore, the following more detailed description of the various embodiments represented in the figures is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, but is merely representative of the various embodiments. Although various aspects of the embodiments are presented in the drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.

[0019] The present solution may be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present solution. The described embodiments should be considered in all respects as merely illustrative and not restrictive. Therefore, the scope of the present solution is indicated by the appended claims rather than by this detailed description. All changes that fall within the equivalent meaning and range of the claims should be included within their scope.

[0020] References throughout this specification to features, advantages, or similar language do not imply that all features and advantages that may be realized with the present solution should be or are in any single embodiment of the present solution. Rather, language referring to features and advantages should be understood to mean that a particular feature, advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present solution. Thus, discussion of features and advantages and similar language throughout this specification may (but do not necessarily) all refer to the same embodiment.

[0021] Furthermore, the described features, advantages, and characteristics of the present solution may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Those skilled in the relevant art will recognize, in light of this specification, that the present solution may be practiced without one or more of the particular features or advantages of a particular embodiment. In other cases, additional features and advantages may be identified in certain embodiments that are not present in all embodiments of the present solution.

[0022] Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," or similar language means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the indicated embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present solution. Thus, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in an embodiment," and similar language throughout this specification may (but do not necessarily) all refer to the same embodiment.

[0023] As used in this document, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. As used in this document, the term "including" means "including but not limited to."

[0024] In the retail industry, merchandise is typically "source tagged" with an RFID tag at the time of packaging / manufacturing or at some other point in the supply chain. At the same time, electronic article surveillance (EAS) technology and devices have proven to be critical to reducing theft and so-called "inventory loss." Since many items arrive at retailers with RFID tags, it is expected that RFID tags will be used to provide EAS functionality in addition to their intended functions such as inventory control, shelf reading, non-line-of-sight reading, etc.

[0025] It is known to implement combined EAS and RFID functionality by physically packaging separate RFID and EAS tags together in a single housing. In this arrangement, the RFID and EAS functionality are typically implemented as separate discrete components co-located within one housing. In this arrangement, there are disadvantages associated with the cost, size, and performance degradation and interference created by placing the complete EAS and RFID components in close proximity.

[0026] In some embodiments, the RFID tag can be used to emulate EAS functionality by sending a special code when the reader interrogates the RFID tag. This arrangement advantageously eliminates the need for a separate EAS component within the tag or a separate EAS tag.

[0027] Currently, using RFID as an EAS exit solution is limited by stray or reflected alarms when the transmit power is increased. A person walking through an EAS portal may trigger an alarm, even if they are not removing merchandise from the premises without permission. A fixed RFID tag a certain distance from the exit can cause an alarm. In addition, this approach limits retailers from placing merchandise too close to the exit system due to false alarms. The large read range of RFID technology coupled with RF reflections makes it very difficult to control the detection zone of the RFID system at the exit.

[0028] Examples of the technology disclosed herein can logically AND an RFID signal response with an event data indicator derived from video system data captured by a camera installed near an EAS portal. This advantageously reduces false alarms and can simultaneously allow for reduced transmit power.

[0029] The following is about Figure 1 These and other features of the present disclosure are discussed in detail in Figures XXX through XXX.

[0030] Reference Figure 1 , a schematic diagram of an illustrative system 100 that can be used to understand the present solution is provided. The present solution is described herein with respect to a retail store environment. The present solution is not limited in this regard and can be used in other environments. For example, the present solution can be used in distribution centers, factories, and other commercial environments. It is worth noting that the present solution can be used in any environment where it is necessary to locate and / or track objects and / or items.

[0031] The system 100 is generally configured to allow for (a) improved inventory counting and monitoring of objects and / or items located within a facility, and (b) improved customer experience. Figure 1 As shown in FIG. 1 , the system 100 includes display devices 1021, . . . , 102 disposed therein. M A retail store facility ("RSF") 128 is provided for displaying objects (or items) 1101 to 1102 to customers of the retail store. N , 1161 to 116 X The display equipment may include, but is not limited to, shelves, merchandise display cabinets, promotional displays, lighting fixtures, and / or equipment mounting areas of the RSF 128. The RSF may also include emergency equipment (not shown), a checkout counter, and an EAS system (not shown). Emergency equipment, checkout counters, cameras, people counters, and EAS systems are well known in the art and therefore will not be described herein.

[0032] At least one tag reader 120 is provided to facilitate the identification of objects 1101 to 110 within the RSF 128. N , 1161 to 116 X Count and track their location. Tag reader 120 includes an RFID reader configured to read RFID tags. RFID readers are well known in the art and will therefore be described below in sufficient detail to understand the claimed invention. Any known or future known RFID reader may be used herein, but is not limited to being the basis for the technology disclosed herein.

[0033] RFID tags 1121 to 112 N , 1181 to 118 XAttached to or coupled to objects 1101 to 110 N , 1161 to 116 X This coupling is accomplished via an adhesive (e.g., glue, tape, or sticker), a mechanical coupler (e.g., a strap, clamp, buckle, etc.), welding, chemical bonding, or other means. The RFID tag may alternatively or additionally include a dual technology tag having both EAS and RFID capabilities.

[0034] It is noteworthy that tag readers 120 are strategically placed at known locations within RSF 128, such as at exits / entrances. By correlating the RFID tag readings of the tag readers with the known locations of the tag readers within RSF 128, it is possible to determine the locations of objects 1101, ..., 110 N , 1161, ..., 116 X The location within the RSF 128. The known coverage area of ​​the tag reader also aids in object location determination. Therefore, the RFID tag read information and the tag reader location information are stored in the data storage area 126. This information can be stored in the data storage area 126 using the server 124 and the network 144 (e.g., an intranet and / or the Internet).

[0035] System 100 also includes a mobile communication device ("MCD") 130. MCD 130 includes, but is not limited to, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a desktop computer, a personal digital assistant, and / or a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch). Each of the listed devices is well known in the art and therefore will not be described herein. According to some examples, MCD 130 has software applications installed thereon that are used to: facilitate providing various information 134-142 to individual 152; facilitate purchase transactions; and / or facilitate purchases from objects 1101, ..., 110 N , 1161, ..., 116 X Detaching RFID tags 1121 to 112 N , 1181 to 118 X ; and / or facilitate the N , 1161, ..., 116 X Detach anchor chain or cable.

[0036] The MCD 130 is generally configured to provide visual and / or audible output of item-level information 134, accessory information 136, related product information 138, discount information 140, and / or customer-related information 142. The item-level information includes, but is not limited to, item descriptions, item nutritional information, promotional messages, item regular prices, item selling prices, currency symbols, and / or item sources.

[0037] Accessories include, but are not limited to, useful auxiliary items that can be attached to or removed from an item (e.g., a drill bit or a battery for a drill). Accessory information includes, but is not limited to, a description of the accessory, nutritional information for the accessory, a promotional message, a regular price for the accessory, a selling price for the accessory, a currency symbol, the source of the accessory, and / or the location of the accessory in the facility.

[0038] Related products include, but are not limited to, products that can be used with or as a substitute for another product (e.g., an anti-rash cream that can be used while changing a diaper, or a first diaper that can be used as a substitute for another diaper). Related product information includes, but is not limited to, a related product description, related product nutritional information, promotional messages, related product regular prices, related product selling prices, currency symbols, related product sources, and / or related product locations in the facility.

[0039] Discount information may include, but is not limited to, discounted prices for products based on loyalty levels or other criteria. Customer-related information includes, but is not limited to, customer account numbers, customer identifiers, user names, passwords, payment information, loyalty levels, historical purchase information, and / or activity trends.

[0040] The item level information, accessory information, related product information, and / or discount information may be output in a format selected from a plurality of formats based on the geographic location of the item, the location of the MCD, the date, and / or the item pricing status (i.e., whether the item is on sale). In display content, the format is defined by font parameters, color parameters, brightness parameters, and / or display flash parameters. In auditory content, the format is defined by volume parameters, voice pitch parameters, and / or male / female voice selection parameters.

[0041] The MCD 130 may also be configured to read barcodes and / or RFID tags. Information obtained from reading the barcodes and / or RFID tags may be transmitted from the MCD 130 to the server 124 via the network 144. Similarly, the stored information 134-142 is provided from the server 124 to the MCD 130 via the network 144. The network 144 includes an intranet and / or the Internet.

[0042] The server 124 may Figure 1 128, or remote from the facility 128. Figure 4 The server 124 is described in more detail. In addition, it should be understood that the server 124 is configured to: write data to the data storage area 126, the RFID tags 1121 to 112 N , 1181 to 118 Xand / or MCD 130 and read data from the above; use item level information and / or accessory information obtained from the data storage area, RFID tags and / or MCD to perform language and currency conversion operations; perform data analysis based on inventory information, tag read information, MCD positioning information and / or information 134 to 142; use images captured by camera 148 to perform image processing; and / or use beacons 146, tag readers 120, or other devices with known positions and / or antenna patterns to determine the location of RFID tags and / or MCDs in RSF 128.

[0043] In some instances, camera 148 is placed to cover an area of ​​interest that is also covered by tag reader 120, which is placed to cover an RFID interrogation zone, such as at a portal of retail facility 128. In some such instances, video images of people approaching an exit are collected by camera 148. A processor, such as in tag reader 120 or server 124, associated with an EAS portal has a software application running thereon that analyzes the video image data to determine whether a person is moving through the portal.

[0044] The system 100 can detect and derive any number of relevant indicators from the captured video, such as whether the detected image contains a person, the number of people in the image, the speed at which the person is moving through the portal, other objects associated with one or more people, such as shopping carts, items carried, and the nature of the objects. In some examples, the system detects the walking speed of the person. The captured video data is analyzed and compared to data collected from RFID signal responses that occur simultaneously with the person's passage through the portal. The speed at which the RFID tag is passing through the portal can be calculated by analyzing characteristics of the response signal, such as the rate of change of the signal strength.

[0045] In some instances, the RFID tag response indicates that the merchandise may have passed through the portal without being purchased, and an alarm flag may be set. In response to the alarm flag, the rate at which the tag is moving through the portal may be estimated by analyzing the RFID tag response over time using, for example, one or more of the tag reader 120 and the server 124. Also, in response to the alarm flag, video data is captured and analyzed to identify image data of the individual that may convey the tag and also determine various factors, such as the individual's walking speed. In some instances, the walking speed of the person is compared to the estimated speed of the RFID tag. If a predetermined threshold of similarity between the walking speed of the person and the estimated speed of the RFID tag is met, the system 100 may sound an alarm.

[0046] The server 124 facilitates updating of the information 134-142 output from the MCD 130. Such information updates may be performed periodically in response to instructions received from relevant personnel (e.g., retail store employees 132), in response to changes detected in item levels, accessories, and / or related product information, in response to detection of an individual approaching an RFID tag, and / or in response to any motion or movement of the RFID tag. For example, if a product is on sale, the selling price of the product is transmitted to the MCD 130 via the network 144 and / or the RFID tag. The selling price is then output from the MCD 130. The present solution is not limited to the details of this example.

[0047] although Figure 1 A single MCD 130 and / or a single server 124 is shown in the embodiment, but the present solution is not limited in this regard. It is contemplated that more than one computing device may be implemented. In addition, the present solution is not limited to Figure 1 An illustrative system architecture is described.

[0048] During operation of the system 100, the content displayed on the display screen of the MCD 130 is dynamically controlled based on various tag or item-related and / or customer-related information (e.g., mobile device identifier, mobile device location in the RSF 128, and / or customer loyalty level). The tag or item-level information includes, but is not limited to: first information indicating that the RFID tag is in motion or that the object is being carried by the individual 152, second information indicating the current location of the RFID tag and / or the MCD 130, third information indicating an attachment or associated product of the object to which the mobile RFID tag is coupled, and / or fourth information indicating the relative position of the attachment and the mobile RFID tag and / or the relative position of the associated product and the mobile RFID tag. The first, second, and fourth information may be derived based on sensor data generated by sensors local to the RFID tags. Thus, the RFID tags 1121 to 1122 may be provided to the user. N , 1181 to 118 X The RFID tag may include one or more sensors to detect its current location, detect any individuals in its vicinity, and / or detect any motion or movement thereof. The sensors include, but are not limited to, an inertial measurement unit (“IMU”), a vibration sensor, a light sensor, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a proximity sensor, a microphone, and / or a beacon communication device. The third information may be stored as information 136, 138 locally on the RFID tag or in the remote data storage area 126.

[0049] In some scenarios, the MCD 130 facilitates the server 124 to: (a) detect when the individual 152 enters the RSF 128, (b) track the individual's movement through the RSF, (c) detect when the individual is in proximity to an object to which an RFID tag is coupled, (d) determine that the RFID tag is being carried or moved by the individual based on a timestamped pattern of MCD movement and a timestamped pattern of RFID tag movement, and / or (e) determine an association between a mobile RFID tag and an individual.

[0050] When the RFID tag is detected to be moving, the server 124 may, in some scenarios, obtain customer-related information (e.g., a loyalty level) 142 associated with the individual 152. This information may be obtained from the individual's MCD 130 and / or the data storage area 126. The customer-related information 142 is then used to retrieve discount information 140 for the object to which the RFID tag is coupled. The retrieved discount information is then transmitted from the server 124 to the individual's MCD 130. The individual's MCD 130 may output the discount information in a visual format and / or an audible format. Other information may also be transmitted from the server 124 to the individual's MCD 130. The other information includes, but is not limited to, item level information, accessory information, and / or related product information.

[0051] In those or other scenarios, a sensor embedded in an RFID tag detects when an individual is carrying an object to which the RFID tag is coupled. Upon such detection, the RFID tag retrieves the unique identifier of the object from its local memory and transmits it wirelessly to the tag reader 120. The tag reader 120 then passes the information to the server 124. The server 124 uses the unique identifier of the object and the item / accessory relationship information (e.g., table) 136 to determine whether there are any accessories associated with it. If there are no accessories for the object, the server 124 uses the item hierarchy information 134 to determine one or more characteristics of the object. For example, the object includes a product of a particular brand. The server 124 then uses the item / related product information (e.g., table) 138 to identify: other products of the same type with the same characteristics; and / or other products that are commonly used in conjunction with the object. The related product information of the identified related products is then retrieved and provided to the MCD 130. The MCD 130 may output the related product information in a visual format and / or an audible format. The individual 152 may perform user software interactions with the MCD 130 to obtain additional information to obtain the related products of interest. The present solution is not limited to the details of this scenario.

[0052] Reference Figure 2 , there is a diagram of an illustrative architecture for tag 200. RFID tags 1121, ..., 112 N , 1181, ..., 118 XThe same or similar to the tag 200. Therefore, the discussion of the tag 200 is sufficient to understand Figure 1 RFID tags 1121, ..., 112 N , 1181, ..., 118 X The tag 200 is generally configured to perform operations to: (a) minimize power usage so as to extend the life of the power source (e.g., a battery or capacitor), (b) minimize conflicts with other tags so that the tags of interest are visible at a given time, (c) optimize useful information within the inventory system (e.g., convey useful change information to a tag reader), and / or (d) optimize local feature functionality.

[0053] The label 200 may include Figure 2 . However, the components shown are sufficient to disclose an illustrative embodiment of implementing the present solution. Some or all components of tag 200 may be implemented in hardware, software, and / or a combination of hardware and software. Hardware includes, but is not limited to, one or more electronic circuits. Electronic circuits may include passive components (e.g., capacitors and resistors) and active components (e.g., processors) that are arranged and / or programmed to implement the methods disclosed herein.

[0054] Figure 2 The hardware architecture of FIG. 2 represents a representative tag 200 configured to facilitate improved inventory management / monitoring and customer experience. In this regard, the tag 200 is configured to allow communication with an external device (e.g., Figure 1 The tag reader 120, Figure 1 Beacon 146, Figure 1 A mobile communication device ("MCD") 130 and / or Figure 1 The wireless communication technology may include, but is not limited to, radio frequency identification ("RFID") technology, near field communication ("NFC") technology, and / or short range communication ("SRC") technology. For example, one or more of the following wireless communication technologies are used: radio frequency ("RF") communication technology; Bluetooth technology; WiFi technology; beacon technology; and / or LiFi technology. Each of the listed wireless communication technologies is well known in the art and therefore will not be described in detail herein. Any known or future known wireless communication technology or other wireless communication technology may be used herein, but is not limited thereto.

[0055] Figure 2Components 206-214 shown in the communication-enabled device 204 may be collectively referred to herein as a communication-enabled device 204, and include a memory 208 and a clock / timer 214. The memory 208 may be a volatile memory and / or a non-volatile memory. For example, the memory 208 may include, but is not limited to, a random access memory ("RAM"), a dynamic RAM ("DRAM"), a static RAM ("SRAM"), a read-only memory ("ROM"), and a flash memory. The memory 208 may also include an unsecure memory and / or a secure memory.

[0056] In some scenarios, the communication-enabled device 204 includes a software defined radio ("SDR"). SDRs are well known in the art and therefore will not be described in detail herein. However, it should be noted that the SDR can be programmatically assigned any communication protocol selected by the user (e.g., RFID, WiFi, LiFi, Bluetooth, BLE, Nest, ZWave, Zigbee, etc.). The communication protocol is part of the device's firmware and resides in the memory 208. It is worth noting that the communication protocol can be downloaded to the device at any given time. The initial / default role (being an RFID, WiFi, LiFi, etc. tag) can be assigned when it is deployed. If the user needs to use another protocol later, the user can remotely change the communication protocol of the deployed tag 200. If there is a problem, the update of the firmware can also be performed remotely.

[0057] like Figure 2 As shown in FIG. 1 , the communication-enabled device 204 includes at least one antenna 202, 216 for allowing data to be exchanged with an external device via wireless communication technology (e.g., RFID technology, NFC technology, SRC technology, and / or beacon technology). The antenna 202, 216 is configured to receive signals from the external device and / or transmit signals generated by the communication-enabled device 204. The antenna 202, 216 may include a near-field or far-field antenna. The antenna includes, but is not limited to, a chip antenna or a loop antenna.

[0058] The communication-enabled device 204 also includes a communication device (e.g., a transceiver or a transmitter) 206. Communication devices (e.g., a transceiver or a transmitter) are well known in the art and therefore will not be described herein. However, it should be understood that the communication device 206 generates and transmits signals (e.g., RF carrier signals) to external devices, and receives signals (e.g., RF signals) transmitted from external devices. In this way, the communication-enabled device 204 facilitates the item (e.g., a device) to which the tag 200 is coupled. Figure 1 Registration, identification, positioning and / or tracking of an object 110 or 112).

[0059] The communication-enabled device 204 is configured such that it: transmits (transmits and receives) according to a time slot communication scheme; and selectively enables / disables / bypasses a communication device (e.g., a transceiver) or at least one communication operation based on the output of the motion sensor 250. In some scenarios, the communication-enabled device 204: selects one or more time slots from a plurality of time slots based on the tag's unique identifier 224 (e.g., an electronic product code ("EPC")); and / or determines a window of time ("WOT") during which the communication device (e.g., a transceiver) 206 is to be turned on or enables at least one communication operation after motion is detected by the motion sensor 250. The WOT may be determined based on environmental conditions (e.g., humidity, temperature, time of day, distance relative to a location device (e.g., a beacon or location tag), etc.) and / or system conditions (e.g., traffic volume, presence of interference, etc.). In this regard, the tag 200 may include Figure 2 Additional sensors not shown.

[0060] The communication-enabled device 204 also facilitates automatic and dynamic modification of the item-level information 226 that is being or will be output from the tag 200 in response to a particular triggering event. A triggering event may include, but is not limited to, a tag arriving at a particular facility (e.g., Figure 1 The RSF 128 of the present invention may be received, the tag may arrive in a specific country or geographic region, a date may occur, a time may occur, a price may change, and / or a user instruction may be received.

[0061] The item level information 226 and unique identifier (“ID”) 224 for the tag 200 may be stored in the memory 208 of the communication-enabled device 204 and / or transmitted to other external devices (e.g., a communication device (e.g., transceiver) 206 and / or an interface 240 (e.g., an Internet protocol or cellular network interface) via the communication device (e.g., transceiver) 206 and / or the interface 240 (e.g., an Internet protocol or cellular network interface). Figure 1 The tag reader 120, Figure 1 Beacon 146, Figure 1 MCD 130 and / or Figure 1 For example, the communication-enabled device 204 may transmit information specifying a timestamp, a unique identifier of an item, an item description, an item price, a currency symbol, and / or location information to an external device. The external device (e.g., a server or MCD) may then store the information in a database (e.g., Figure 1 database 126) and / or use the information for various purposes.

[0062] The communication-enabled device 204 also includes a controller 210 (e.g., a CPU) and an input / output device 212. The controller 210 can execute instructions 222 that implement the method for facilitating inventory counting and management. In this regard, the controller 210 includes a processor (or a logic circuit system that responds to instructions), and the memory 208 includes a computer-readable storage medium on which is stored one or more sets of instructions 222 (e.g., software code) configured to implement one or more of the methods, procedures, or functions described herein. The instructions 222 may also reside completely or at least partially within the controller 210 during execution thereof by the tag 200. The memory 208 and the controller 210 may also constitute a machine-readable medium. As used herein, the term "machine-readable medium" refers to a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database and / or associated cache memory and server) that stores one or more sets of instructions 222. The term "machine-readable medium" as used herein also refers to any medium capable of storing, encoding or carrying a set of instructions 222 for execution by the tag 200 and causing the tag 200 to perform any one or more of the methods of the present disclosure.

[0063] The input / output device may include, but is not limited to, a display (e.g., an electronic ink display, an LCD display, and / or an active matrix display), a speaker, a keypad, and / or a light emitting diode. The display is used to present the item level information in a text format and / or a graphical format. Similarly, the speaker may be used to output the item level information in an auditory format. The speaker and / or light emitting diode may be used to output an alert for drawing a person's attention to the tag 200 (e.g., when its motion has been detected) and / or for notifying an individual about a particular pricing status (e.g., a discount status) of the item to which the tag is coupled.

[0064] The clock / timer 214 is configured to determine the date, time and / or expiration of a predefined period. Techniques for determining these listed items are well known in the art and therefore will not be described herein. Any known or future known techniques for determining these listed items may be used herein, but are not limited thereto.

[0065] The tag 200 also includes an optional location module 230. The location module 230 is generally configured to determine the geographic location of the tag at any given time. For example, in some scenarios, the location module 230 uses global positioning system ("GPS") technology and / or Internet-based local time acquisition technology. The present solution is not limited to the details of this example. Any known or future known technology for determining geographic location can be used herein, but is not limited to relative positioning within a facility or structure.

[0066] An optional coupler 242 is provided to securely or removably couple the tag 200 to an article (e.g., Figure 1 The coupler 242 includes, but is not limited to, a mechanical coupling member (e.g., a strap, a clip, a clamp, a buckle) and / or an adhesive (e.g., glue or a sticker). The coupler 242 is optional, as coupling may be achieved via welding and / or chemical bonding.

[0067] The tag 200 may also include a power source 236, an optional electronic article surveillance ("EAS") component 244, and / or a passive / active / semi-passive RFID component 246. Each of the listed components 236, 244, 246 is well known in the art and therefore will not be described herein. Any known or future known battery, EAS component, and / or RFID component may be used herein, but is not limited thereto. The power source 236 may include, but is not limited to, a rechargeable battery and / or a capacitor.

[0068] like Figure 2 As shown in , the tag 200 further includes an energy harvesting circuit 232 and a power management circuit 234 for ensuring continued operation of the tag 200 without replacing a rechargeable power source (e.g., a battery). In some scenarios, the energy harvesting circuit 232 is configured to harvest energy from one or more sources (e.g., heat, light, vibration, magnetic field, and / or RF energy) and generate a relatively low amount of output power from the harvested energy. By employing multiple sources for harvesting, the device can continue to charge even if an energy source is exhausted. Energy harvesting circuits are well known in the art and therefore will not be described herein. Any known or future known energy harvesting circuit may be used herein, but is not limited thereto.

[0069] As noted above, the tag 200 may also include a motion sensor 250. Motion sensors are well known in the art and therefore will not be described herein. Any known or future known motion sensor may be used herein, but is not limited thereto. For example, the motion sensor 250 includes, but is not limited to, a vibration sensor, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a linear motion sensor, a passive infrared ("PIR") sensor, a tilt sensor, and / or a rotation sensor.

[0070] The motion sensor 250 is communicatively coupled to the controller 210 so that it can notify the controller 210 when it detects the movement of the tag. The motion sensor 250 also transmits sensor data to the controller 210. The sensor data is processed by the controller 210 to determine whether the motion is of a type for triggering the activation of the communication device (e.g., transceiver) 206 or at least one communication operation. For example, the sensor data can be compared with the stored motion / gesture data 228 to determine whether there is a match therebetween. More specifically, the motion / gesture pattern specified by the sensor data can be compared with a plurality of motion / gesture patterns specified by the stored motion / gesture data 228. The plurality of motion / gesture patterns may include, but are not limited to, a motion pattern for walking, a motion pattern for running, a motion pattern for vehicle transportation, a motion pattern for vibration caused by equipment or machinery (e.g., air conditioner or fan) approaching the tag, a gesture for requesting assistance, a gesture for obtaining additional product information, and / or a gesture for product purchase. The type of movement (e.g., vibration or being carried) is then determined based on the stored motion / gesture data matching the sensor data. This feature of the present solution allows the tag 200 to selectively enable a communication device (e.g., transceiver) or at least one communication operation only when the tag's position within the facility is actually changing (e.g., rather than when a fan is simply vibrating the tag).

[0071] In some scenarios, the tag 200 may also be configured to enter a sleep state in which at least the motion sensor triggering of communication operations is disabled. This is desirable in scenarios where, for example, the tag 200 is being shipped or transported from a distributor to a customer. In those or other scenarios, the tag 200 may be further configured to enter a sleep state in response to it continuing to detect motion for a given period of time. The tag may be transitioned from its sleep state in response to the expiration of a defined period of time, the tag receiving a control signal from an external device, and / or the tag detecting no motion for a certain period of time.

[0072] The power management circuit 234 is generally configured to control the supply of power to the components of the tag 200. In the event that all storage and collection resources are consumed to the point where the tag 200 is about to enter a shutdown / brownout state, the power management circuit 234 may cause an alert to be sent from the tag 200 to a remote device (e.g., Figure 1 In response to the alert, the remote device may notify relevant personnel (e.g., Figure 1 store employee 132) so that the relevant personnel can investigate why the tag 200 is not recharging and / or staying charged.

[0073] The power management circuit 234 can also redirect the energy source to the electronics of the tag 200 based on the status of the energy source. For example, if the harvested energy is sufficient to operate the functions of the tag 200, the power management circuit 234 confirms that all of the tag 200's storage sources are fully charged so that the electronic components of the tag 200 can operate directly using the harvested energy. This ensures that the tag 200 always has stored energy in case the harvested source disappears or the harvested energy is low due to a drop in RF, light, or vibration power levels, etc. If a sudden drop in any of the energy sources is detected, the power management circuit 234 can cause an alert condition to be sent from the tag 200 to a remote device (e.g., Figure 1 tag reader 120 or server 124). At this point, it may be necessary to investigate the cause of the alarm. Therefore, the remote device may notify relevant personnel (e.g., Figure 1 Store employee 132) so that the relevant personnel can investigate the problem. It is possible that other merchandise is blocking the collection source or items are being stolen.

[0074] This solution is not limited to Figure 2 The tag 200 may have any architecture as long as it can perform the functions and operations described herein. For example, Figure 2 All components shown in may include a single device (e.g., an integrated circuit ("IC")). Alternatively, some components may include a first tag element (e.g., a commercial off-the-shelf ("COTS") tag), while the remaining components include a second tag element communicatively coupled to the first tag element. The second tag element may provide auxiliary functions (e.g., motion sensing, etc.) to the first tag element. The second tag element may also control the operating state of the first tag element. For example, the second tag element may selectively (a) enable and disable one or more features / operations of the first tag element (e.g., transceiver operation), (b) couple an antenna to the first tag element and decouple it from the first tag element, (c) bypass at least one communication device or operation, and / or (d) change the operating state of the first tag element (e.g., cause the first tag element to transition between a power saving mode and a non-power saving mode). In some scenarios, the operating state change may be achieved by changing the binary value of at least one state bit (e.g., from 0 to 1, or vice versa) for causing a particular communication control operation to be performed by the tag 200. Additionally or alternatively, a switch may be actuated to create a closed circuit or an open circuit. This solution is not limited in this respect.

[0075] Reference Figure 3 , provides a detailed block diagram of an exemplary architecture for tag reader 300. Figure 1 The tag reader 120 of FIG. 1 is the same as or similar to the tag reader 200 . Thus, the discussion of the tag reader 200 is sufficient to understand the tag reader 120 .

[0076] The tag reader 300 may include a Figure 3 . However, the components shown are sufficient to disclose an illustrative embodiment of implementing the present solution. Some or all components of the tag reader 300 may be implemented in hardware, software, and / or a combination of hardware and software. Hardware includes but is not limited to one or more electronic circuits. The electronic circuits may include passive components (e.g., capacitors and resistors) and active components (e.g., processors) that are arranged and / or programmed to implement the methods disclosed herein.

[0077] Figure 3 The hardware architecture representation is configured to help improve RSF (e.g., Figure 1 128) within the RSF 128). In this regard, the tag reader 300 includes a device for allowing communication with an external device (e.g., Figure 1 RFID tags 1121, ..., 112 N , 1181, ..., 118 X )RF enabled device 350 for exchanging data. Figure 3 The components 304-316 shown in may be collectively referred to herein as an RF enabled device 350, and may include a power source 312 (eg, a battery) or be connected to an external power source (eg, AC mains).

[0078] RF enabled device 350 includes an antenna 302 for allowing data to be exchanged with an external device via RF technology (eg, RFID technology or other RF-based technology). The external device may include Figure 1 RFID tags 1121, ..., 112 N , 1181, ..., 118 X In this case, the antenna 302 is configured to transmit an RF carrier signal (e.g., an interrogation signal) to the listed external devices, and / or to transmit a data response signal (e.g., an authentication reply signal or an RFID response signal) generated by the RF enabled device 350. In this regard, the RF enabled device 350 includes an RF transceiver 308. RF transceivers are well known in the art and therefore will not be described herein. However, it should be understood that the RF transceiver 308 receives the RF signal containing information from the transmitting device and forwards it to the logic controller 310 for extraction of the information therefrom.

[0079] The extracted information can be used to determine facilities (e.g. Figure 1The logic controller 310 may determine the presence, location, and / or type of movement of an RFID tag within the RSF 128 of the RFID tag. Thus, the logic controller 310 may store the extracted information in the memory 304 and use the extracted information to execute the algorithm. For example, the logic controller 310 may correlate the tag reading with the beacon reading to determine the location of the RFID tag within the facility. The logic controller 310 may also use the sensor data received from the RFID tag to perform pattern recognition operations and comparison operations between the recognized pattern and the pre-stored pattern. The logic controller 310 may further select a time slot from a plurality of time slots based on a unique identifier of the tag (e.g., EPC) and transmit information specifying the selected time slot to the respective RFID tag. The logic controller 310 may additionally determine and transmit to the given RFID tag a WOT during which the communication device (e.g., transceiver) or operation of the given RFID tag is to be turned on when motion is detected. The WOT may be determined based on environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, time of day, etc.) and / or system conditions (e.g., traffic volume, interference occurrence, etc.). Other operations performed by logic controller 310 will become apparent from the following discussion.

[0080] It is worth noting that the memory 304 may be a volatile memory and / or a non-volatile memory. For example, the memory 304 may include but is not limited to RAM, DRAM, SRAM, ROM, and flash memory. The memory 304 may also include an unsecure memory and / or a secure memory. As used herein, the phrase "unsecure memory" refers to a memory configured to store data in plain text. As used herein, the phrase "secure memory" refers to a memory configured to store data in encrypted form and / or a memory having or being disposed in a secure or tamper-proof housing.

[0081] Instructions 322 are stored in memory for execution by RF enabled device 350 and cause RF enabled device 350 to perform any one or more of the methods of the present disclosure. Instructions 322 are generally used to facilitate determining whether RFID tags are present within a facility, where RFID tags are located within the facility, which RFID tags are in motion at any given time, and which RFID tags are also within the interrogation area of ​​an AM interrogation signal or within the area of ​​another sensor (e.g., a camera, Bluetooth beacon, or similar near field communication system). Other functions of RF enabled device 350 will become apparent as the discussion proceeds.

[0082] Reference Figure 4 , providing a detailed block diagram of an exemplary architecture for server 400. Figure 1 The server 124 is the same as or substantially similar to the server 400. Thus, the following discussion of the server 400 is sufficient to understand the server 124.

[0083] It is worth noting that the server 400 may include Figure 4 However, the components shown are sufficient to disclose an illustrative embodiment for implementing the present solution. Figure 4 The hardware architecture of represents one embodiment of a representative server configured to facilitate inventory counting, inventory management, and improving customer experience. Thus, Figure 4 The server 400 of the embodiment of the present invention implements at least a portion of some methods for EAS, wherein the EAS system 100 transmits a radio frequency identification (RFID) interrogation signal into an RFID interrogation area of ​​the EAS system via a first time window. The system detects a plurality of response signals from a first RFID tag of the EAS system in response to the interrogation signal. The EAS system captures image data within a field of view via a second time window that at least partially overlaps with the first time window. The field of view and the RFID interrogation area overlap to form a region of interest. The EAS system characterizes the movement of a non-tag object during the first time window based on the image data. The EAS system then determines whether the first RFID tag is associated with the characterized non-tag object based on a comparison of the detected plurality of response signals with the characterized movement of the non-tag object.

[0084] Some or all components of the server 400 may be implemented as hardware, software, and / or a combination of hardware and software. The hardware includes, but is not limited to, one or more electronic circuits. The electronic circuits may include, but are not limited to, passive components (e.g., resistors and capacitors) and / or active components (e.g., amplifiers and / or microprocessors). The passive and / or active components may be adapted, arranged, and / or programmed to perform one or more of the methods, procedures, or functions described herein.

[0085] like Figure 4 , the server 400 includes a user interface 402, a CPU 406, a system bus 410, a memory 412 connected to and accessible by other parts of the server 400 via the system bus 410, and a hardware entity 414 connected to the system bus 410. The user interface may include input devices (e.g., a keypad 450) and output devices (e.g., a speaker 452, a display 454, and / or a light emitting diode 456) that facilitate user software interaction for controlling the operation of the server 400.

[0086] At least some of the hardware entities 414 perform actions involving access to and use of the memory 412, which may be a RAM, a disk drive, and / or a compact disk read-only memory ("CD-ROM"). The hardware entities 414 may include a disk drive unit 416, which includes a computer-readable storage medium 418 on which is stored one or more sets of instructions 420 (e.g., software code) configured to implement one or more of the methods, procedures, or functions described herein. The instructions 420 may also reside completely or at least partially within the memory 412 and / or within the CPU 406 during execution thereof by the server 400. The memory 412 and the CPU 406 may also constitute machine-readable media. As used herein, the term "machine-readable medium" refers to a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database and / or associated cache memory and server) storing one or more sets of instructions 420. The term "machine-readable medium" as used herein also refers to any medium capable of storing, encoding or carrying a set of instructions 420 for execution by the server 400 and causing the server 400 to perform any one or more of the methods of the present disclosure.

[0087] In some scenarios, the hardware entity 414 includes electronic circuitry (e.g., a processor) that is programmed to facilitate providing a three-dimensional map showing the location of RFID tags within a facility and / or changes in the location in near real time. In this regard, it should be understood that the electronic circuitry can access and run software applications 422 installed on the server 400. The software applications 422 are generally used to facilitate: determining the location of RFID tags within a facility; the direction of travel of RFID tags in motion; and mapping of RFID tag locations and movements in virtual three-dimensional space.

[0088] In those or other scenarios, the hardware entity 414 includes electronic circuitry (e.g., a processor) that is programmed to facilitate item inventory counting, merchandising, and / or customer satisfaction with the shopping experience. In this regard, the electronic circuitry can access and run an inventory counting software application 422 and an MCD display software application 422 installed on the server 400. The software applications 422 are typically used together to: obtain item level information and / or other information from the MCD and RFID tags; program item level information, accessory information, related product information, and / or discount information onto the RFID tags and / or MCDs; convert the language, pricing, and / or currency symbols of the item level information, accessory information, related product information, and / or discount information; facilitate registration of RFID tags and MCDs in enterprise systems; and / or determine when MCD display update actions need to be taken based on RFID tag information. Other functions of the software applications 422 will become apparent as the discussion proceeds. Such other functions may involve tag reader control and / or tag control.

[0089] refer to Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 8 In operation, the system 100 may perform the method 500 of electronic article surveillance, for example, by executing an application component 815 through a processor 805 and / or a memory 810, where the application component 815, the processor 805, and / or the memory 810 are components of a computing device 800. The computing device 800 may be one or more of the tag 200, the tag reader 300, and the server 400.

[0090] The EAS system may transmit an RFID interrogation signal into an RFID interrogation zone of the EAS system via a first time window - block 510. In a continuing example, the EAS system 600 (e.g., system 100) includes an RFID tag reader 300 (e.g., tag reader 120) that repeatedly transmits an RFID interrogation signal within one second into an interrogation zone 399 in a facility 610 (e.g., retail store facility 128) that generally covers the first third of the facility 610 including the entrance / exit 612. This positions the RFID tag reader 300 so that any operational tags of the system present in the interrogation zone 399 will respond in accordance with the system 600 protocol during the transmission of the interrogation signal.

[0091] In another example, referring to Figure 8 , the computer device 800, the processor 805, the memory 810, the application component 815 and / or the transmitting component 820 may be configured to or may include means for transmitting an RFID interrogation signal into an RFID interrogation zone of the EAS system via a first time window.

[0092] The EAS system may detect multiple response signals from the first RFID tag of the EAS system in response to the interrogation signal - box 520. In the continued example, any tag 200 (e.g., tag 200a) attached to a retail store product that is leaving the retail facility 610 is detected to pass through the RFID interrogation area, while the same is true for tag 200b (which is attached to a retail store product on a display and does not leave the retail facility 610). The RFID response signal from tag 200a changes in signal strength when it is leaving the store; while the strength of the RFID response signal from tag 200b remains fairly constant. In some examples, the RFID response itself contains a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) cell that describes the strength of the RFID interrogation signal when the signal is received from the RFID tag reader 300. In some examples, detection further includes detecting that the tag is not authorized to enter the RFID interrogation area. For example, only tags that are not authorized to enter the RFID interrogation area are considered. Response signals from tags that are authorized, such as by completing a purchase transaction for the goods to which the tag is attached, will be ignored after being detected.

[0093] exist Figure 8 In another example, computer device 800, processor 805, memory 810, application component 815, and / or indication component 825 may be configured to or may include components for detecting a plurality of response signals from a first RFID tag of an EAS system in response to an interrogation signal.

[0094] Capturing image data within the field of view via a second time window that at least partially overlaps the first time window, the field of view and the RFID interrogation area overlap to form an area of ​​interest - block 530. In a continuing example, a camera 650 (e.g., camera 148) captures video in the field of view 699. In other examples, the camera 650 captures a series of static images via the second time window as the tag 200a is moving through the entrance / exit 612. The RFID interrogation area 399 and the field of view 699 overlap across the entrance / exit 612 to form an area of ​​interest 680. In some examples, the capturing is in response to the detection.

[0095] exist Figure 8 In another example, the computer device 800, processor 805, memory 810, application component 815 and / or capture component 830 may be configured to or may include components for capturing image data within a field of view via a second time window that at least partially overlaps with the first time window, wherein the field of view and the RFID interrogation area overlap to form an area of ​​interest.

[0096] The EAS system may characterize the movement of the non-tagged object during the first time window based on the image data - block 540. In a continuing example, the system 600 detects and derives one or more indicators from the captured video, including that a person is moving through a portal and the speed at which the person is moving through the portal. In other examples, the system 600 determines the direction of travel of a cart of the retail facility 610 (e.g., using the server 400 to analyze the video data).

[0097] exist Figure 8 In another example, the computer device 800, processor 805, memory 810, application component 815 and / or characterization component 835 may be configured to or may include components for characterizing movement of a non-tagged object during a first time window based on image data.

[0098] The EAS system may determine whether the first RFID tag is associated with the characterized non-tag object based on a comparison of the detected plurality of response signals with the characterized movement of the non-tag object—block 550. In a continuing example, the server 400 analyzes the captured video data to identify a person moving through the area of ​​interest 680 and compares the RFID signal response that occurs simultaneously with the person passing through the portal with the signal strength data collected by the tag reader 300. Through empirical data, the movement characteristics (e.g., speed, direction, progression over time) of the object (e.g., person, cart) captured in the video data are compared by the server 400 with changes in the signal characteristics of the response (e.g., changes in amplitude, changes in phase, changes in RSSI at the tag 200) to determine whether the first RFID tag 200a is associated with the characterized non-tag object. In some examples, whether the first RFID tag 200a is associated with the characterized non-tag object includes determining a similarity greater than a threshold similarity between the detected plurality of response signals and the characterized movement of the non-tag object.

[0099] exist Figure 8 In another example, the computer device 800, the processor 805, the memory 810, the application component 815 and / or the characterization component 840 may be configured to or may include a component for determining whether the first RFID tag is associated with the characterized non-tag object based on a comparison of the detected multiple response signals and the characterized movement of the non-tag object.

[0100] refer to Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8In some examples of the technology disclosed herein, the EAS system issues an alarm in response to determining that the first RFID tag is associated with the characterized non-tagged object based on a comparison of the detected plurality of response signals with the characterized movement of the non-tagged object—block 660. In such examples, blocks 510 to 550 are performed as described above. In a continued example, the RFID tag response and the comparison with the walking speed of a person passing through the entrance / exit 612 observed by the camera 650 indicate that merchandise may have passed through the exit / entrance 612 without being purchased, causing the system 600 to issue an alarm.

[0101] exist Figure 8 In another example, the computer device 800, processor 805, memory 810, application component 815 and / or characterization component 840 may be configured to or may include components for issuing an alarm in response to determining that the first RFID tag is associated with the characterized non-tag object based on a comparison of the detected multiple response signals and the characterized movement of the non-tag object.

[0102] Some examples of the technology disclosed herein include an EAS system that uses an RFID element to provide an electronic article surveillance (EAS) function. In such examples, the EAS system includes an EAS portal and one or more cameras that capture video data near the EAS portal. The EAS tag has a tag housing, and the RFID element is disposed in the tag housing.

[0103] The EAS tag may have a passive RFID element disposed in a tag housing. The passive RFID element responds to an RFID interrogation field applied at the EAS portal to generate a coded RF signal that is interpreted as an EAS response when an unauthorized RFID tag moves through the portal. Such an example further includes one or more cameras positioned at different angles that capture image data of a person and an object moving through the EAS portal. Video images of a person approaching an exit are collected by the camera. A processor associated with the EAS portal has a software application running thereon that analyzes the video image data to determine if a person is moving through the portal.

[0104] In some examples of the technology disclosed herein, the video system can detect and derive any number of relevant indicators from the captured video, such as whether the detected image contains a person, the number of people in the image, the speed at which the person is moving through the portal, other objects associated with one or more people, such as shopping carts, items carried, and the nature of the objects. In one embodiment, the process detects the walking speed of the person. The captured video data is analyzed and compared to data collected from RFID signal responses that occur simultaneously with the person's passage through the portal. The speed at which the RFID tag is passing through the portal can be calculated by analyzing characteristics of the response signal, such as the rate of change of the signal strength.

[0105] In a scenario where the RFID tag response indicates that merchandise may have passed through the portal without being purchased, an alarm flag may be set. In response to the alarm flag, the rate at which the tag is moving through the portal may be estimated by analyzing the RFID tag response. Also, in response to the alarm flag, video data is captured and analyzed to identify image data of the individual that may be conveying the tag and also to determine various factors, such as the individual's walking rate. In one scenario, the person's walking rate is compared to the estimated rate of the RFID tag. If a predetermined threshold is met, the EAS portal may sound an alarm.

[0106] The previous description is provided to enable those skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Those skilled in the art will readily understand the various modifications to these aspects, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but will be given a complete scope consistent with the language claims, wherein the reference to an element in the singular form is not intended to represent "there is and only one" (unless explicitly stated), but represents "one or more". The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, example or explanation". Any aspect described as "exemplary" herein need not be interpreted as being preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term "some" refers to one or more. For example, combinations such as "at least one of A, B or C", "one or more of A, B or C", "at least one of A, B and C", "one or more of A, B and C" and "A, B, C or any combination thereof" include any combination of A, B and / or C, and may include multiple A, multiple B or multiple C. Specifically, combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” may be A only, B only, C only, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combination may contain one or more members of A, B, or C. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims.

[0107] Furthermore, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public, regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly stated in the claims. The words "module," "mechanism," "element," "device," and the like are not intended to replace the word "component." Therefore, any claim element should not be interpreted as a component plus function unless the element is explicitly stated using the phrase "component for..."

Claims

1. An electronic article surveillance (EAS) method comprising: transmitting a radio frequency identification (RFID) interrogation signal into an RFID interrogation zone of the EAS system via a first time window, detecting a plurality of response signals from a first RFID tag of the EAS system in response to the interrogation signal; capturing image data within a field of view via a second time window at least partially overlapping the first time window in response to the detecting, the field of view and the RFID interrogation zone overlapping to form a region of interest; characterizing movement of a non-tagged object during the first time window based on the image data; as well as A determination is made as to whether the first RFID tag is associated with the characterized non-tag object based on a comparison of the detected changes in characteristics of the plurality of response signals and the characterized movement of the non-tag object. 2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the detecting further comprises detecting that the first RFID tag is not authorized to enter the RFID interrogation zone.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising issuing an alarm in response to determining that the first RFID tag is associated with the characterized non-tag object based on a comparison of the detected plurality of response signals to the characterized movement of the non-tag object. The method of claim 1 , wherein characterizing comprises estimating one or more of a velocity of the non-tag object and a direction of travel of the non-tag object.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining whether the first RFID tag is associated with the characterized non-tag object comprises determining a similarity greater than a threshold similarity between a characteristic of the detected plurality of response signals and the characterized movement of the non-tag object, the characteristic of the detected plurality of response signals indicating a speed at which the first RFID tag moved through the portal while a person was moving through the portal.

6. A device for electronic article surveillance (EAS), comprising: means for transmitting a radio frequency identification (RFID) interrogation signal into an RFID interrogation zone of the EAS system via a first time window, means for detecting a plurality of response signals from a first RFID tag of the EAS system in response to the interrogation signal; means for capturing image data within a field of view via a second time window at least partially overlapping the first time window in response to the detecting, the field of view and the RFID interrogation zone overlapping to form a region of interest; means for characterizing movement of a non-tag object during the first time window based on the image data; as well as Means for determining whether the first RFID tag is associated with the characterized non-tag object based on a comparison of the detected changes in the characteristics of the plurality of response signals and the characterized movement of the non-tag object.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the means for detecting further comprises means for detecting that the first RFID tag is not authorized to enter the RFID interrogation zone.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising means for issuing an alarm in response to determining that the first RFID tag is associated with the characterized non-tag object based on a comparison of the detected plurality of response signals to the characterized movement of the non-tag object.

9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein characterizing comprises estimating one or more of a speed of the non-tag object and a direction of travel of the non-tag object.

10. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein determining whether the first RFID tag is associated with the characterized non-tag object comprises determining a similarity greater than a threshold similarity between a characteristic of the detected plurality of response signals and the characterized movement of the non-tag object, the characteristic of the detected plurality of response signals indicating a speed at which the first RFID tag moves through the portal while a person moves through the portal.

11. An electronic article surveillance (EAS) system comprising: The device according to claim 6, Wherein, the means for transmitting the interrogation signal during the first time window and the means for detecting the plurality of response signals from the first RFID tag are implemented as an RFID tag reader, which is used to: transmitting the interrogation signal into the RFID interrogation zone of the EAS system via the first time window, and detecting the plurality of response signals from the first RFID tag in response to the interrogation signal; the means for capturing the image data via the second time window is implemented as a camera to capture the image data within the field of view via a second time window at least partially overlapping the first time window in response to detecting, the field of view and the RFID interrogation zone overlapping to form the region of interest; and The means for characterizing the movement of the non-tag object during the first time window and the means for determining whether the first RFID tag is associated with the characterized non-tag object are implemented as at least one processor in communication with the tag reader and the camera and configured to: characterizing movement of the non-tag object during the first time window based on the image data; and A determination is made as to whether the first RFID tag is associated with the characterized non-tag object based on a comparison of the detected changes in characteristics of the plurality of response signals and the characterized movement of the non-tag object.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein the detecting further comprises detecting that the first RFID tag is not authorized to enter the RFID interrogation zone.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to issue an alarm in response to determining that the first RFID tag is associated with the characterized non-tag object based on a comparison of the detected plurality of response signals to the characterized movement of the non-tag object.

14. The system of claim 11 , wherein determining whether the first RFID tag is associated with the characterized non-tag object comprises determining a similarity greater than a threshold similarity between a characteristic of the detected plurality of response signals and the characterized movement of the non-tag object, the characteristic of the detected plurality of response signals indicating a speed at which the first RFID tag moves through the portal while a person moves through the portal.

Images