Seismic Exploration Data Acquisition Method and Device

Abstract

The present invention provides a method and device for seismic exploration data acquisition, which relates to the technical field of geophysical exploration. The method includes: obtaining construction area information; determining grid information according to the construction area information; the grid information includes a grid spacing value and a grid shape parameter; randomly generating target position information in each grid according to the grid spacing value and the grid shape parameter; the target position is used to arrange geophone points or shot points; and acquiring seismic exploration data by using the target position information. The present invention acquires seismic exploration data by using the target position information, and the target position information is geophone point position information or shot point position information, which is randomly generated in the grid of the construction area. Therefore, the distribution of geophone points and shot points can be made overall uniform and locally random, thereby reducing migration noise and improving imaging accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geophysical exploration, and in particular, to a method and device for seismic exploration data acquisition. Background Art

[0002] An observation system is used for seismic exploration data acquisition. The basic parameters of the observation system include trace interval, shot point interval, receiver line interval, shot line interval, maximum offset, etc. The traditional observation systems are mainly "beam-type observation systems" and "orthogonal-type observation systems", and their basic characteristics include: using marine streamers and land-based wired transmission seismic data acquisition instruments; the length between receiving channels on the data transmission cable is fixed, and the maximum trace interval is fixed; the receiving channels (geophone points) are located on the receiving line, and the trace interval is regularly sampled at equal intervals; the excitation points (shot points) are located on the shot line, and the shot point interval is regularly sampled at equal intervals; the receiver line interval is an integer multiple of the shot point interval, generally greater than or equal to 2 shot point intervals; the shot line interval is an integer multiple of the trace interval, generally greater than or equal to 2 trace intervals. The main disadvantages of beam-type and orthogonal-type observation systems include: uneven distribution of geophone points and shot points, uneven illumination of the seismic wave field of geological targets, weak local imaging energy, blurred imaging, and the appearance of shadows; there are acquisition footprints in the seismic imaging of medium and shallow targets, affecting the accuracy of reservoir fluid detection; the trace interval and shot point interval remain unchanged, and the spatial sampling is regularly sampled at equal intervals. Assuming that the formation dip angle is θ and the offset is L when spatial aliasing occurs, then the formation reflection with a dip angle greater than θ and the diffraction with an offset greater than L will generate migration noise during migration processing, affecting the imaging accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a method and device for seismic exploration data acquisition, which can make the illumination of the seismic wave field of geological targets uniform and reduce imaging shadows; weaken the acquisition footprints in the medium and shallow layers and improve the accuracy of fluid detection; adopt irregular sampling to improve the imaging accuracy.

[0004] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for seismic exploration data acquisition, the method including: obtaining construction area information; determining grid information according to the construction area information; the grid information includes a grid spacing value and a grid shape parameter; randomly generating target position information in each grid according to the grid spacing value and the grid shape parameter; the target position is used for arranging geophone points or shot points; and acquiring seismic exploration data by using the target position information.

[0005] Second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a seismic exploration data acquisition device, which includes: an acquisition module for acquiring construction area information; a determination module for determining grid information according to the construction area information; the grid information includes a grid spacing value and a grid shape parameter; a generation module for randomly generating target position information in each grid according to the grid spacing value and the grid shape parameter; the target position is used for arranging geophone points or shot points; an acquisition module for acquiring seismic exploration data by using the target position information.

[0006] Third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the above-mentioned seismic exploration data acquisition method is implemented.

[0007] Fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program for executing the above-mentioned seismic exploration data acquisition method.

[0008] The embodiments of the present invention bring the following beneficial effects: The embodiments of the present invention provide a seismic exploration data acquisition solution. After obtaining the construction area information, the grid information is determined according to the construction area information; the grid information includes a grid spacing value and a grid shape parameter; the target position information is randomly generated in each grid according to the grid spacing value and the grid shape parameter; the target position is used for arranging geophone points or shot points; finally, the seismic exploration data is acquired by using the target position information. The embodiments of the present invention acquire seismic exploration data by using the target position information, and the target position information is geophone point position information or shot point position information, which is randomly generated in the grid of the construction area. Therefore, the distribution of geophone points and shot points can be made overall uniform and locally random, thereby reducing migration noise and improving imaging accuracy.

[0009] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and some will become obvious from the description, or will be understood by implementing the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention are achieved and obtained by the structures specifically pointed out in the description, claims, and drawings.

[0010] To make the above objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following preferred embodiments are specifically given, and detailed descriptions are made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings as follows. Description of the Drawings

[0011] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0012] Figure 1 Flowchart of the seismic exploration data acquisition method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of dividing the working area using a square grid provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of randomly arranging geophones and shot points provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the traditional orthogonal observation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the non-regular sampling observation system for geophones based on a square grid provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the forward numerical simulation depth migration amplitude slice of the traditional orthogonal observation system with a depth of 1250 meters provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 7 Forward numerical simulation depth migration amplitude slice of the non-regular sampling observation system for geophones based on a square grid with a depth of 1250 meters provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 8 Structural block diagram of a seismic exploration data acquisition device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 9 Structural block diagram of another seismic exploration data acquisition device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 10 Structural block diagram of a computer device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Specific embodiments

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Apparently, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] A seismic exploration data acquisition method and device provided by an embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the exploration and exploitation of onshore and offshore oil and gas (oil, natural gas, shale gas, coalbed methane, combustible ice) as well as solid mineral resources, and can implement an area-type irregular sampling observation system. This system has no receiving lines and shot lines, and the trace interval and shot point interval are not fixed values. The geophone points and shot points are distributed on the ground, sea surface, and seabed with the characteristics of "overall uniformity and local randomness".

[0024] To facilitate the understanding of this embodiment, a seismic exploration data acquisition method disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention will be introduced in detail first.

[0025] An embodiment of the present invention provides a seismic exploration data acquisition method. Refer to Figure 1 the flowchart of a seismic exploration data acquisition method shown below. The method includes the following steps:

[0026] Step S102, obtain construction area information.

[0027] In an embodiment of the present invention, the construction area information includes the area information, location information, and formation-related information of the construction area.

[0028] Step S104, determine grid information according to the construction area information.

[0029] In an embodiment of the present invention, the grid information includes a grid spacing value and a grid shape parameter. The grid shape parameter is used to determine the shape of the grid, and the grid spacing value is used to determine the distance value between the grids. For example, the distance between the centers of adjacent grids sharing a common side can be used as the "grid spacing". The area of the construction area is evenly divided using the grid.

[0030] Step S106, randomly generate target location information in each grid according to the grid spacing value and the grid shape parameter.

[0031] In an embodiment of the present invention, the constraint on the location information in the grid can be achieved according to the grid shape parameter and the grid spacing value. Target location information is randomly generated in each grid. Thus, the entire construction area is evenly divided through the entire grid, and random distribution of the target location information is achieved in each grid. The target location is used to arrange geophone points or shot points.

[0032] It should be noted that the construction area is divided by a fixed-size grid, and the grid shape is a square or a honeycomb regular hexagon. Each grid has one and only one detection point or shot point, and the detection points or shot points are randomly distributed within the grid. Each grid has one and only one detection point or shot point, which realizes the "overall uniformity" of the distribution of physical points in the construction area; the detection points or shot points are randomly distributed within the grid, which realizes the "local randomness" of the distribution of physical points in the construction area.

[0033] Step S108, collecting seismic exploration data using the target location information.

[0034] In the embodiment of the present invention, the target position information is obtained, that is, the layout positions of the detection points or shot points are determined, and an area-type irregular sampling observation system is obtained. The information is used to collect geological exploration data.

[0035] The advantages and principles of the “overall uniform” distribution technology are as follows: First, since the detection points and shot points are evenly distributed, the shot offsets are “overall uniform” and the recorded seismic wave field is “overall uniform”, ensuring uniform illumination of the seismic wave field of the geological target, thereby reducing the probability of local imaging shadows; Second, compared with the line beam or orthogonal observation system, the “overall uniform” distribution of the detection points and shot points makes the energy of the acquisition footprint more dispersed, and the acquisition footprint becomes the background of the reservoir inversion properties, reducing the impact on the reservoir inversion properties and improving the accuracy of fluid detection.

[0036] The advantages and principles of the "local random" distribution technology: First, the detection points and shot points are randomly distributed in the grid, which means that the track spacing and shot point spacing vary within a certain range of values ​​(the track spacing and shot point spacing of the line beam or orthogonal observation system correspond to the median value within this range), realizing the irregular spatial sampling of the detection points and shot points, which is referred to as irregular sampling of detection points and irregular sampling of shot points. Irregular sampling further randomizes the acquisition footprint and turns it into uniform and random background noise, further reducing the impact on the inversion properties of the reservoir and further improving the accuracy of fluid detection; second, irregular sampling converts the false frequency part generated by the line beam and orthogonal regular sampling into random interference, so that some formation reflections with an inclination angle greater than θ and some diffraction with a shot distance greater than L will not have spatial false frequency during migration imaging, thereby improving imaging accuracy.

[0037] An embodiment of the present invention provides a seismic exploration data acquisition scheme. After obtaining the construction area information, grid information is determined according to the construction area information; the grid information includes a grid spacing value and a grid shape parameter; target position information is randomly generated in each grid according to the grid spacing value and the grid shape parameter; the target position is used to arrange geophones or shot points; finally, seismic exploration data is acquired using the target position information. In the embodiment of the present invention, seismic exploration data is acquired using the target position information, and the target position information is geophone position information or shot point position information, which is randomly generated within the grid of the construction area. Therefore, the distribution of geophones and shot points can be made overall uniform and locally random, thereby reducing migration noise and improving imaging accuracy.

[0038] In order to divide the construction area more evenly, the construction area information includes formation velocity information, formation frequency information, formation dip information, and construction area information; determining the grid information according to the construction area information can be performed according to the following steps:

[0039] Determine the grid spacing value according to the formation velocity information, formation frequency information, and formation dip information; determine that the grid is a square grid or a honeycomb regular hexagon grid according to the construction area information.

[0040] In one embodiment, the grid spacing value is determined according to the formation velocity information, formation frequency information, and formation dip information according to the following formula: Or where d represents the grid spacing, v represents the root mean square velocity of the formation above the target layer, f max represents the highest effective frequency of the target layer, and θ represents the formation dip of the target layer.

[0041] In order to ensure that the spacing between geophones or shot points is variable, randomly generating target position information in each grid according to the grid spacing value and the grid shape parameter can be performed according to the following steps:

[0042] Determine the trace interval value and the shot point interval value according to the grid spacing value; generate target position information in each grid using a random function according to the trace interval value, the shot point interval value, and the grid shape parameter.

[0043] In one embodiment, the trace interval value and the shot point interval value are determined according to the grid spacing value according to the following formula: where R d represents the trace interval, S d represents the shot point interval, n represents a positive integer, and d represents the grid spacing.

[0044] In the embodiment of the present invention, n is a positive integer, generally set to 10; the value range of n is set to: 3 < n < 10. The formula is recommended for R d 、Sd The value range. In addition, R can also be specified d , S d is greater than 1 meter.

[0045] While considering the target layer depth, normal moveout (NMO) stretch, and amplitude versus offset (AVO) inversion, it also takes into account the need to completely record information such as steep dip side reflections, high-steep fault plane reflections, and deep diffractions. Therefore, when collecting seismic exploration data using the target position information, it can be performed according to the following steps:

[0046] Determine the target source-receiver distance value according to the target position information; if the target source-receiver distance value is greater than the preset source-receiver distance threshold, then collect seismic exploration data using the target position information.

[0047] In the embodiments of the present invention, the preset source-receiver distance threshold is the distance between the shot point and the farthest geophone within the "basic array patch" corresponding to the target position information. The target source-receiver distance value is the maximum source-receiver distance corresponding to the target position information. When ensuring that the target source-receiver distance value is greater than the preset source-receiver distance threshold, collect seismic exploration data using the target position information.

[0048] It should be noted that assuming the maximum source-receiver distance in the traditional "harness-type observation system" and "orthogonal-type observation system" is represented by X max and the unit is meter (m). The value of X max generally equals the target layer depth. When considering NMO stretching and AVO pre-stack inversion, the value of X max should equal 1.5 times the target layer depth. The "area-type irregular sampling observation system" is an observation system based on land node instruments and ocean bottom node (OBN) instruments. Different from wired instruments, node devices have no host control. Once the node is in the working state, regardless of its position in the construction area, it continuously records the seismic waves excited by all shot points. The maximum source-receiver distance of the "area-type irregular sampling observation system" refers to the distance between the shot point and the farthest node participating in recording the seismic waves. The "area-type irregular sampling observation system" does not set an upper limit for the value of the maximum source-receiver distance, but only sets a lower limit, which is named the "minimum maximum source-receiver distance". Define the distance between the shot point and the farthest geophone within the "basic array patch" of the "area-type irregular sampling observation system" as the "minimum maximum source-receiver distance", and use this "minimum maximum source-receiver distance" as the preset source-receiver distance threshold, represented by X minmax and the unit is meter (m). X minmax is equal to X max , which is expressed by the formula as follows: X minmax =X max

[0049] Assume that the maximum offset of the "area-type irregular sampling acquisition system" is represented by X maxr in meters (m). Taking this maximum offset as the target offset value, if the target offset value is greater than the preset offset threshold, it can be expressed by the formula: X maxr >X minmax .

[0050] After acquiring seismic exploration data using the target position information, in order to facilitate providing data support for the imaging process, the following steps can also be performed:

[0051] Determine the number of geophone points corresponding to the target shot point according to the target position information; calculate the imaging trace density based on the construction area information and the number of geophone points.

[0052] In one embodiment, the imaging trace density is calculated according to the following formula based on the construction area information and the number of geophone points:

[0053]

[0054] where I td represents the imaging trace density, S represents the construction area, R ni represents the total number of geophone points receiving the i-th shot point, and j represents the number of shot points.

[0055] In the embodiments of the present invention, R ni is used to represent the total number of geophone points receiving the i-th shot point, S represents the construction area in square kilometers (Km 2 ), assuming there are j shot points in the work area, the imaging trace density of the "area-type irregular sampling acquisition system" is defined by the formula , and the imaging trace density is represented by I td : Among them: the R ni corresponding to different shot points may vary, and the quantity depends on the number of nodes invested and the shot point positions.

[0056] The implementation steps of this solution are described below with a specific embodiment:

[0057] In the embodiments of the present invention, after determining that the grid is a square grid or a honeycomb-shaped regular hexagonal grid, the following six typical "area-type irregular sampling acquisition systems" can be obtained:

[0058] Six typical "area-type irregular sampling acquisition systems" are invented according to the grid shape and the distribution characteristics of geophone points and shot points. The value-taking principles of grid spacing, trace interval, shot point interval, minimum maximum offset, maximum offset, imaging trace density, etc. are determined by the above formulas. It is stipulated that the six typical "area-type irregular sampling acquisition systems" have two types of array patches: basic array patches and maximum array patches. The "basic array patch" corresponds to the array patches of the traditional "linear acquisition system" and "orthogonal acquisition system", and the shot point is located at the center of the receiving array; the "maximum array patch" refers to the array formed by all the working nodes corresponding to a certain shot point and the shot point within the construction area. The aspect ratio of the "basic array patch" is defined in the same way as that of the array patches of the traditional "linear acquisition system" and "orthogonal acquisition system"; the aspect ratio of the "maximum array patch" is not defined; the "maximum array patch" is composed of the "basic array patch" and the working node instruments on the spare traces. Generally, it is required that the relative positions of the geophone points or shot points within the "basic array patch" do not coincide within the grid.

[0059] (1) Geophone irregular sampling acquisition system based on square grid;

[0060] The ground or seabed of the construction area is divided by a square grid of fixed size, and the positions of the geophone points within each square grid are calculated and generated by an arbitrary random function; generally, wireless nodes or wireless transmission node instruments are used for geophone points on the ground, and subsea wireless nodes or OBN are used for geophone points on the seabed; the shot points are evenly distributed at equal intervals on the shot lines, and the shot points are regularly sampled, and the shot line interval is greater than the shot point interval; the shot points and the geophone points do not overlap.

[0061] (2) Shot point irregular sampling acquisition system based on square grid;

[0062] The ground or sea surface of the construction area is divided by a square grid of fixed size, and the positions of the shot points within each square grid are calculated and generated by an arbitrary random function; well shots, land vibrators or marine air gun sources are used for the shot points; the geophone points are evenly distributed at equal intervals on the receiving lines, and the geophone points are regularly sampled, and the receiving line interval is greater than the geophone point interval; the shot points and the geophone points do not overlap.

[0063] (3) Shot point and geophone irregular sampling acquisition system based on square grid;

[0064] The ground or seabed of the construction area is divided by a square grid of fixed size, and the positions of the geophone points within each square grid are calculated and generated by an arbitrary random function; the ground or sea surface of the construction area is divided by a square grid of fixed size, and the positions of the shot points within each square grid are calculated and generated by an arbitrary random function, and the relative positions of the shot points within each square grid do not repeat; the geophone point grid and the shot point grid intersect and do not overlap; the shot points and the geophone points do not overlap.

[0065] (4) Detection point irregular sampling observation system based on honeycomb regular hexagon grid;

[0066] Use a honeycomb regular hexagon grid with a fixed size to divide the ground or seabed of the construction area. The position of the detection points within each honeycomb regular hexagon grid is calculated and generated by an arbitrary random function. Generally, wireless nodes or wireless transmission node instruments are used for detection points on the ground, and subsea wireless nodes or OBN are used for detection points on the seabed. The shot points are evenly distributed at equal intervals on the shot line, and the shot points are regularly sampled. The shot line distance is greater than the shot point distance. The shot points and the detection points do not overlap.

[0067] (5) Shot point irregular sampling observation system based on honeycomb regular hexagon grid;

[0068] Use a honeycomb regular hexagon grid with a fixed size to divide the ground or sea surface of the construction area. The position of the shot points within each honeycomb regular hexagon grid is calculated and generated by an arbitrary random function. Well shots, land vibrators or marine air gun sources are used for shot points. The detection points are evenly distributed at equal intervals on the receiving line, and the detection points are regularly sampled. The receiving line distance is greater than the trace distance. The shot points and the detection points do not overlap.

[0069] (6) Shot point and detection point irregular sampling observation system based on honeycomb regular hexagon grid;

[0070] Use a honeycomb regular hexagon grid with a fixed size to divide the ground or seabed of the construction area. The position of the detection points within each honeycomb regular hexagon grid is calculated and generated by an arbitrary random function. Use a honeycomb regular hexagon grid with a fixed size to divide the ground or sea surface of the construction area. The position of the shot points within each honeycomb regular hexagon grid is calculated and generated by an arbitrary random function, and the relative positions of the shot points within each honeycomb regular hexagon grid are not repeated. The detection point grid and the shot point grid intersect and do not overlap. The shot points and the detection points do not overlap.

[0071] In the six typical "area-type irregular sampling observation systems", when it comes to "the shot points are evenly distributed at equal intervals on the shot line, the shot points are regularly sampled, and the shot line distance is greater than the shot point distance" and when it comes to "the detection points are evenly distributed at equal intervals on the receiving line, the detection points are regularly sampled, and the receiving line distance is greater than the detection point distance (trace distance)", the design principles of "shot point distance, shot line distance, detection point distance (trace distance), receiving line distance" are the same as those of the corresponding parameters of the traditional "bundle-type observation system" and "orthogonal-type observation system".

[0072] Take the "Design of Irregular Sampling Observation System for Shot Points and Geophone Points Based on Square Grid" as an example. The implementation method of the "Design of Irregular Sampling Observation System for Shot Points and Geophone Points Based on Honeycomb Regular Hexagon Grid" is basically the same as this example, with only one difference: in the example, the "grid spacing" of the square grid is equal to the side length of the square, while the "grid spacing" of the honeycomb regular hexagon is equal to the length of the connecting line between the centers of two adjacent regular hexagons. The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0073] 1. Evaluate the safety and environmental protection policy requirements for the construction area of the seismic exploration data acquisition project.

[0074] Onshore seismic exploration data acquisition projects are implemented in the field, and a temporary land use permit must be obtained before construction. Since well shots and vibrators will damage surface vegetation, etc., the resulting losses will cause problems of cost compensation. The amount of compensation is calculated according to the damaged land area, etc. Irregular sampling of shot points causes a larger damaged land area, while using the method of regular sampling and shooting at equal intervals on the shot line causes a smaller damaged land area.

[0075] Whether to use regular sampling or irregular sampling for shot points depends on the planned investment of the seismic exploration data acquisition project and the local safety and environmental protection requirements for land use and compensation standards. Therefore, before implementing the "area-type irregular sampling observation system" construction, it is necessary to evaluate the investment and safety and environmental protection policies.

[0076] 2. Determine the value of the grid spacing d.

[0077] According to the formula or Calculate the grid spacing d, with the unit of meter (m). The value formula of d has the same form but different meanings from the value formula of the trace interval or shot point interval in traditional line bundle type and orthogonal type observation systems. It represents the average trace interval or average shot point interval. The "grid spacing" determines the size of the grid and the degree of "overall uniformity" of geophone points or shot points. The square "grid spacing d" is equal to the side length of the square.

[0078] The basic parameters of the "area-type irregular sampling observation system" include: grid spacing, trace interval, shot point interval, minimum maximum offset, maximum offset, and imaging trace density. The definitions and values of the above basic parameters are different from those of traditional line bundle type and orthogonal type observation systems.

[0079] Define the distance between geophone points in adjacent grids as the "trace interval", represented by R d and the unit is meter (m); define the distance between shot points in adjacent grids as the "shot point interval", represented by S d and the unit is meter (m). In traditional line bundle type and orthogonal type observation systems, the trace interval and shot point interval are constant. The trace interval R d and shot point interval Sd is variable, and its value range is as shown in the formula and where n is a positive integer, generally set to 10; the value range of n is set to: 3 < n < 10. The formula and are the recommended R d 、S d value ranges. In addition, their value ranges can also be determined according to actual needs.

[0080] 3. Select the grid shape of the dissection construction area.

[0081] The present invention provides two types of grids, one is a square grid and the other is a honeycomb regular hexagon grid. The method of using a square grid to dissect the construction area is simple and suitable for the situation where fewer equipment is invested in the project; the method of using a honeycomb regular hexagon grid to dissect the construction area is more complex and suitable for the situation where more equipment is invested in the project. However, the "overall uniformity and local randomness" property of the geophone points or shot points is better than that of using a square grid. In this case, a square grid is adopted.

[0082] 4. Use the selected grid to dissect the construction area.

[0083] The construction area includes the geophone point construction range and the shot point construction range. When both the geophone points and the shot points adopt irregular sampling, the geophone point grid and the shot point grid cannot overlap and should be staggered from each other. For example Figure 2 using a square grid to dissect the construction area, where rectangle A 1 B 1 C 1 D 1 represents the shot point construction range, and A 2 B 2 C 2 D 2 represents the geophone point construction range. Rectangle A 1 B 1 C 1 D 1 is parallel to A 2 B 2 C 2 D 2 but they cannot overlap. For example, A 1 B 1 is parallel to A 2 B 2 and point A 1 and point B 1 are respectively at the centers of the geophone point grids.

[0084] 5. Randomly arrange the geophone points and the shot points.

[0085] Rectangle A 1 B 1C 1 D 1 There is exactly one shot point randomly arranged in each square grid composed of inner dotted lines, and rectangle A 2 B 2 C 2 D 2 There is one geophone point randomly arranged in each square grid composed of inner solid lines. For example Figure 3 is Figure 1 the partial enlarged view of Figure 3 There are four adjacent and complete shot point square grids N 11 N 12 N 22 N 21 、N 12 N 13 N 23 N 22 、N 21 N 22 N 32 N 31 、N 22 N 23 N 33 N 32 ,corresponding to four shot points which are S 11 、S 12 、S 21 、S 22 ; Figure 3 There are four adjacent and complete geophone point square grids M 11 M 12 M 22 M 21 、M 12 M 13 M 23 M 22 、M 21 M 22 M 32 M 31 、M 22 M 23 M 33 M 32 ,corresponding to four geophone points which are R 11 、R 12 、R 21 、R 22 .

[0086] Randomly select a random function to ensure that the distance between S 11 、S 12 、S 21 、S 22 satisfies the formula Randomly select a random function to ensure that R 11 、R 12 、R21 , R 22 The distance between them satisfies the formula In addition, S also needs to satisfy 11 , S 12 , S 21 , S 22 and R 11 , R 12 , R 21 , R 22 cannot overlap in position

[0087] 6. Arrangement for rolling construction method

[0088] The "area-type irregular sampling observation system" has two types of arrangement sheets: "basic arrangement sheet" and "maximum arrangement sheet". The "basic arrangement sheet" corresponds to the traditional "harness-type observation system" and "orthogonal-type observation system" sheets. The shot point is located in the center of the receiving arrangement, and the nodal instruments on the arrangement are in working condition; the "maximum arrangement sheet" refers to the arrangement formed by all the working nodal instruments corresponding to a certain shot in the construction area and that shot point.

[0089] (1) If the number of nodal instruments invested is sufficient to cover the construction area and all nodal instruments are in working condition, then the arrangement sheet formed by each shot point and all nodal instruments is the "maximum arrangement sheet", and the receiving arrangement does not need to roll. After firing all the shots in sequence, the data acquisition work is completed. This method has the highest production efficiency.

[0090] (2) If the number of nodal instruments invested is not enough to cover the construction area, but it is necessary to ensure that the number of nodal instruments meets the requirements of the "basic arrangement sheet" and the nodal instruments required for the spare channels. In this case, the arrangement rolling construction method is the same as that of the traditional "harness-type observation system" and "orthogonal-type observation system"; when using OBN, the air gun source needs to fire repeatedly, and the method is the same as the traditional offshore construction method.

[0091] 7. Analysis of numerical simulation migration effect

[0092] Figure 4 is the traditional orthogonal observation system. Each black line represents a receiving line. The distance between receiving lines is 160 meters. A nodal instrument is placed every 10 meters on the receiving line, with a total of 5716 nodal instruments. Figure 5 is the irregular sampling observation system of geophones based on a square grid. The spacing of the square grid is 40 meters. A nodal instrument is placed in each grid, with a total of 5716 nodal instruments.

[0093] The forward model is 5000 m × 5000 m × 5000 m (length × width × depth). A point diffractor source is designed at the position of (2500 m, 2500 m, 1250 m) in terms of length, width, and depth. Using Figure 4 ,Figure 5 For the forward numerical simulation of the observation system, a 30 Hz Ricker wavelet is used, and the simulated data is migrated using the irregular sampling Kirchhoff integral method. Figure 6 、 Figure 7 They are respectively the depth migration amplitude slices of the traditional orthogonal observation system and the depth migration amplitude slices of the observation system with irregular sampling of geophone points based on a square grid. The slice depth is equal to 1250 meters. The migration noise of the "traditional orthogonal 3D observation system" shows a strong linear noise characteristic distribution, and the energy focusing imaging effect is average; the migration noise of the "observation system with irregular sampling of geophone points based on a square grid" shows a random noise characteristic distribution, and the energy focusing imaging effect is the best.

[0094] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method and device for seismic exploration data acquisition. The method divides a regular grid for arranging physical points; selects a random function and randomly arranges physical points within the grid and rolls the arrangement sheet. The "area-type irregular sampling observation system" abandons the method of regular sampling at equal intervals of traditional geophone points and shot points on the receiving line and shot line, so that the geophone points and shot points are unevenly distributed in an "overall uniform and locally random" manner on the ground, sea surface or seabed of the work area, realizing irregular sampling, achieving omnidirectional uniform illumination of the target geological body, and improving the imaging accuracy of seismic exploration.

[0095] In the embodiment of the present invention, a device for seismic exploration data acquisition is also provided, as described in the following embodiments. Since the principle of the device for solving problems is similar to that of the method for seismic exploration data acquisition, the implementation of the device can refer to the implementation of the method for seismic exploration data acquisition, and the repeated parts will not be elaborated. Refer to Figure 8 The structural block diagram of a device for seismic exploration data acquisition shown, the device includes:

[0096] An acquisition module 71, configured to acquire construction area information; a determination module 72, configured to determine grid information according to the construction area information; the grid information includes a grid spacing value and a grid shape parameter; a generation module 73, configured to randomly generate target position information within each grid according to the grid spacing value and the grid shape parameter; the target position is used to arrange geophone points or shot points; an acquisition module 74, configured to acquire seismic exploration data using the target position information.

[0097] In one embodiment, the construction area information includes formation velocity information, formation frequency information, formation dip information, and construction area information; the determination module is specifically configured to: determine the grid spacing value according to the formation velocity information, formation frequency information, and formation dip information; determine that the grid is a square grid or a honeycomb-shaped regular hexagon grid according to the construction area information.

[0098] In one embodiment, the determination module is specifically configured to determine the grid spacing value according to the following formula according to the formation velocity information, formation frequency information, and formation dip information: or where d represents the grid spacing, v represents the root-mean-square velocity of the strata above the target layer, f max represents the highest effective frequency of the target layer, and θ represents the dip angle of the strata of the target layer.

[0099] In one embodiment, the generating module is specifically configured to: determine the trace interval value and the shotpoint interval value according to the grid spacing value; generate target position information in each grid by using a random function according to the trace interval value, the shotpoint interval value, and the grid shape parameter.

[0100] In one embodiment, the generating module is specifically configured to determine the trace interval value and the shotpoint interval value according to the grid spacing value according to the following formula: where R d represents the trace interval, S d represents the shotpoint interval, n represents a positive integer, and d represents the grid spacing.

[0101] In one embodiment, the acquisition module is specifically configured to: determine the target offset value according to the target position information; if the target offset value is greater than the preset offset threshold, acquire seismic exploration data by using the target position information.

[0102] In one embodiment, referring to Figure 9 the structural block diagram of another seismic exploration data acquisition device shown, the device further includes an imaging module 75, configured to: determine the number of geophone points corresponding to the target shotpoint according to the target position information; calculate the imaging trace density according to the construction area information and the number of geophone points.

[0103] In one embodiment, the imaging module is specifically configured to calculate the imaging trace density according to the construction area information and the number of geophone points according to the following formula: where I td represents the imaging trace density, S represents the construction area, R ni represents the total number of geophone points receiving the i-th shotpoint, and j represents the number of shotpoints.

[0104] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device. Referring to Figure 10 the structural schematic block diagram of the computer device shown, the computer device includes a memory 81, a processor 82, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of any of the above seismic exploration data acquisition methods are implemented.

[0105] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working process of the above-described computer device can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments and will not be elaborated herein.

[0106] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program for executing any of the above seismic exploration data acquisition methods.

[0107] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present invention can be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk memory, CD-ROM, optical memory, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0108] The present invention is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatuses (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, and the combination of flows and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be realized by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing devices to generate a machine, such that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing devices generate means for realizing the specified functions in Figure 1 one or more of the flows Figure 1 or blocks or the combination of multiple flows and / or blocks.

[0109] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate a manufactured article including instruction means that realizes the specified functions in Figure 1 one or more of the flows Figure 1 or blocks or the combination of multiple flows and / or blocks.

[0110] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, such that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to generate a computer-implemented process, so that the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for realizing the specified functions in Figure 1 one or more of the flows Figure 1 or blocks or the combination of multiple flows and / or blocks.

[0111] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than limiting it. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments or can easily think of changes, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for seismic exploration data acquisition, characterized in that, it includes: Obtaining construction area information; Determining grid information according to the construction area information; The grid information includes a grid spacing value and a grid shape parameter; Randomly generating target position information in each grid according to the grid spacing value and the grid shape parameter; The target position is used to arrange geophone points or shot points; Collecting seismic exploration data using the target position information; Among them, randomly generating target position information in each grid according to the grid spacing value and the grid shape parameter includes: Determining the trace interval value and the shot point interval value according to the grid spacing value; Using a random function to generate target position information in each grid according to the trace interval value, the shot point interval value and the grid shape parameter, the grid shape parameter is a square or a regular hexagonal honeycomb, and each grid has and only has one geophone point or shot point; Determining the trace interval value and the shot point interval value according to the grid spacing value according to the following formula: Among them, R d represents the trace interval, S d represents the shotpoint interval, n represents a positive integer, and d represents the grid interval.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction area information includes formation velocity information, formation frequency information, formation dip information and construction area information; Determining grid information according to the construction area information includes: Determining the grid spacing value according to the formation velocity information, the formation frequency information and the formation dip information; Determining that the grid is a square grid or a regular hexagonal honeycomb grid according to the construction area information.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, including determining the grid spacing value according to the formation velocity information, the formation frequency information and the formation dip information according to the following formula: or Among them, d represents the grid spacing, v represents the root mean square velocity of the strata above the target layer, f max represents the highest effective frequency of the target layer, and θ represents the formation dip angle of the target layer.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Collecting seismic exploration data using the target position information includes: Determining the target source-receiver distance value according to the target position information; If the target source-receiver distance value is greater than a preset source-receiver distance threshold, collecting seismic exploration data using the target position information.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After collecting seismic exploration data using the target position information, it further includes: Determining the number of geophone points corresponding to the target shot point according to the target position information; Calculating the imaging trace density according to the construction area information and the number of geophone points.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, including calculating the imaging trace density according to the construction area information and the number of geophone points according to the following formula: Among them, I td represents the imaging trace density, S represents the construction area, and R ni represents the total number of geophone points receiving the i-th shot point, and j represents the number of shot points.

7. A seismic exploration data acquisition device, characterized in that, it includes: An acquisition module for acquiring construction area information; A determination module for determining grid information according to the construction area information; The grid information includes a grid spacing value and a grid shape parameter; A generation module for randomly generating target position information in each grid according to the grid spacing value and the grid shape parameter; the target position is used to arrange geophone points or shot points; An acquisition module for collecting seismic exploration data using the target position information; Among them, the generation module is specifically used for: Determining the trace interval value and the shot point interval value according to the grid spacing value; Generate target position information within each grid according to the trace interval value, the shot interval value, and the grid shape parameter, where the grid shape parameter is a square or a regular hexagonal honeycomb, and each grid has one and only one geophone or shot point; The generating module is specifically configured to determine the trace interval value and the shot interval value according to the grid interval value according to the following formula: Among them, R d represents the trace interval, S d represents the shotpoint interval, n represents a positive integer, and d represents the grid interval.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein, The construction area information includes formation velocity information, formation frequency information, formation dip information, and construction area information; the determining module is specifically configured to: Determine the grid interval value according to the formation velocity information, the formation frequency information, and the formation dip information; Determine that the grid is a square grid or a regular hexagonal honeycomb grid according to the construction area information.

9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein, The determining module is specifically configured to determine the grid interval value according to the formation velocity information, the formation frequency information, and the formation dip information according to the following formula: or Among them, d represents the grid spacing, v represents the root-mean-square velocity of the strata above the target layer, f max represents the highest effective frequency of the target layer, and θ represents the dip angle of the strata of the target layer.

10. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein, The acquisition module is specifically configured to: Determine the target source-receiver distance value according to the target position information; If the target source-receiver distance value is greater than a preset source-receiver distance threshold, acquire seismic exploration data using the target position information.

11. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein, It further includes an imaging module for: Determine the number of geophones corresponding to the target shot point according to the target position information; Calculate the imaging trace density according to the construction area information and the number of geophones.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein, The imaging module is specifically configured to calculate the imaging trace density according to the construction area information and the number of geophones according to the following formula: Among them, I td represents the imaging trace density, S represents the construction area, and R ni represents the total number of geophones receiving the i-th shot point, and j represents the number of shot points.

13. A computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein, When the processor executes the computer program, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

14. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

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