Dual-mode sidelink operation

Abstract

The present invention provides embodiments of apparatus, systems, and methods for a wireless device with C-V2X capability, the wireless device with C-V2X capability being configured to operate according to a first side link mode in which communication resources are allocated by a network and a second side link mode in which communication resources are autonomously allocated by the wireless device. The wireless device detects a change in a coverage scenario associated with the first side link mode; performs resource sensing for the second side link mode; and transmits first communications using the second side link mode based at least in part on detecting the change in the coverage scenario, wherein resources for transmitting the first communications are allocated based at least in part on the resource sensing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to wireless devices, and more particularly to apparatus, systems, and methods for wireless devices to operate in dual-mode sidelink scenarios in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) wireless cellular communications.

[0002] Related technical description

[0003] The use of wireless communication systems is growing rapidly. One proposed use of wireless communication is in vehicular applications, particularly in V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) systems. V2X systems allow for communication between vehicles (e.g., via communication devices housed in or otherwise carried by the vehicle), pedestrian UEs (including UEs carried by other persons such as cyclists, etc.), networks, and other wireless communication devices for various purposes such as for coordinating traffic activities, facilitating autonomous driving, and performing collision avoidance.

[0004] V2X systems may utilize sidelink communications, where two or more V2X systems communicate with each other without routing their communications through an intermediary or network. Effective utilization of sidelink communications may present unique challenges due to the absence of a network in the communication chain or other reasons. Accordingly, improvements are desired in the art. Summary of the invention

[0005] Embodiments of devices, systems, and methods for performing sidelink communications in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) wireless cellular communications are presented herein.

[0006] In some embodiments, a wireless device with C-V2X capability is configured to operate according to a first side link mode in which communication resources are allocated by the network and a second side link mode in which communication resources are autonomously selected by the wireless device.

[0007] In some embodiments, the wireless device detects a change in a coverage scenario associated with a first side link mode; performs resource sensing for a second side link mode; and transmits a first communication using the second side link mode based at least in part on detecting the change in the coverage scenario, wherein resources for transmitting the first communication are selected based at least in part on the resource sensing.

[0008] In some embodiments, the wireless device determines a potential communication resource conflict resulting from operating according to a first side link mode and operating according to a second side link mode. In response to determining the potential communication resource conflict, a first priority associated with operating according to the first side link mode and a second priority associated with operating according to the second side link mode can be determined. One of the first side link mode or the second side link mode can be selected for transmitting communications, and the selection can be performed based at least in part on a comparison of the first priority and the second priority.

[0009] It should be noted that the techniques described herein may be implemented in and / or used with a number of different types of devices, including but not limited to base stations, access points, cellular telephones, portable media players, tablet computers, wearable devices, and various other computing devices.

[0010] This disclosure is intended to provide a brief overview of some of the topics described in this document. Therefore, it should be understood that the above features are only examples and should not be construed as narrowing the scope or essence of the topics described herein in any way. Other features, aspects and advantages of the topics described herein will become apparent through the following detailed description, drawings and claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] A better understanding of the present subject matter may be obtained when the following detailed description of various embodiments is considered in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0012] Figure 1 An exemplary vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication system is shown according to some embodiments;

[0013] Figure 2 illustrates a base station in communication with a user equipment (UE) device according to some embodiments;

[0014] Figure 3 is an exemplary block diagram of a UE according to some embodiments;

[0015] Figure 4 is an exemplary block diagram of a base station according to some embodiments;

[0016] Figure 5A illustrates a wireless device moving out of coverage area according to some embodiments;

[0017] Figure 5B Two methods for operating a dual mode wireless device while moving out of coverage are shown according to some embodiments;

[0018] Fig. 6A shows a wireless device moving into a coverage area according to some embodiments;

[0019] Figure 6B Two methods for operating a dual mode wireless device when the wireless device moves from an out of coverage area to an in-coverage area scenario are shown according to some embodiments;

[0020] Fig. 7A shows the boundary region according to some embodiments, where mode 2 is preferred;

[0021] Figure 7B Utilization of a boundary region to initiate a transition to Mode 2 communications is shown according to some embodiments;

[0022] Figure 8 is a flow chart illustrating aspects of an exemplary technique for performing sensing-based Mode 2 sidelink communications according to some embodiments; and

[0023] Fig. 9 is a flow chart illustrating aspects of an example technique for avoiding communication resource conflicts in a dual mode device according to some embodiments.

[0024] Although the features described herein are susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and described in detail herein. However, it should be understood that the drawings and detailed description thereof are not intended to limit this document to the specific forms disclosed, but on the contrary, their purpose is to cover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives that fall within the spirit and scope of the subject matter as defined by the appended claims. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] the term

[0026] The following is a glossary of terms used in this disclosure:

[0027] Memory medium - any of various types of non-transitory memory devices or storage devices. The term "memory medium" is intended to include installation media, such as CD-ROM, floppy disk or tape devices; computer system memory or random access memory such as DRAM, DDR RAM, SRAM, EDO RAM, Rambus RAM, etc.; non-volatile memory such as flash memory, magnetic media, for example, hard disk drive or optical storage device; registers or other similar types of memory elements, etc. The memory medium may also include other types of non-transitory memory or their combinations. In addition, the memory medium may be located in the first computer system executing the program, or may be located in a different second computer system connected to the first computer system via a network such as the Internet. In the latter case, the second computer system may provide program instructions to the first computer for execution. The term "memory medium" may include two or more memory media that may reside in different locations in different computer systems connected, for example, via a network. The memory medium may store program instructions (e.g., expressed as a computer program) that may be executed by one or more processors.

[0028] Programmable hardware element - includes various hardware devices that include multiple programmable function blocks connected via programmable interconnects. Examples include FPGA (field programmable gate array), PLD (programmable logic device), FPOA (field programmable object array), and CPLD (complex PLD). Programmable function blocks can vary from fine-grained (combinational logic unit or lookup table) to coarse-grained (arithmetic logic unit or processor core). Programmable hardware elements may also be referred to as "configurable logic units".

[0029] Computer System - Any of various types of computing or processing systems, including a personal computer system (PC), a mainframe computer system, a workstation, a network appliance, an Internet appliance, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a television system, a grid computing system, or other devices or combinations of devices. In general, the term "computer system" can be broadly defined to encompass any device (or combination of devices) having at least one processor that executes instructions from a memory medium.

[0030] User Equipment – ​​as used herein, may generally refer in the context of a V2X system to devices associated with movable participants or traffic participants in the V2X system, i.e., movable (capable of moving) communication devices such as vehicles and pedestrian user equipment (PUE) devices, rather than infrastructure equipment such as base stations, roadside units (RSUs) and servers.

[0031] Infrastructure equipment – ​​as used herein, may generally refer in the context of a V2X system to certain devices in a V2X system that are not user equipment and are not carried by traffic participants (i.e., pedestrians, vehicles, or other mobile users) but facilitate user equipment to participate in the V2X network. Infrastructure equipment includes base stations and roadside units (RSUs).

[0032] User Equipment (UE) (or "UE device") - any of various types of computer systems or devices that are mobile or portable and that perform wireless communications. Examples of UE devices include mobile phones or smart phones (e.g., iPhone TM , based on Android TM phones), portable gaming devices (e.g., Nintendo DS TM , PlayStation Portable TM 、Gameboy Advance TM , iPhone TM), laptops, wearable devices (e.g., smart watches, smart glasses), PDAs, portable Internet devices, music players, data storage devices or other handheld devices, etc. In general, the term "UE" or "UE device" can be broadly defined to cover any electronic device, computing device and / or telecommunication device (or combination of devices) that can be easily transmitted by a user and capable of wireless communication.

[0033] Pedestrian UE (PUE) devices—User Equipment (UE) devices considered in the context of V2X systems that may be worn or carried by a variety of persons, including not only pedestrians in the strict sense of persons walking near roads, but also certain other peripheral or secondary participants or potential participants in traffic environments. These include stationary persons, persons not in vehicles and who may not necessarily be near traffic or roads, persons jogging, running, skating, etc., or persons in vehicles (such as bicycles, scooters, or certain motor vehicles) that may not substantially support the power capabilities of a UE.

[0034] Base Station—The term “base station” has the full breadth of its ordinary meaning and includes at least a wireless communication station that is installed at a fixed location and used to communicate as part of a wireless telephone system or radio system.

[0035] Processing Element - refers to various elements or combinations of elements. Processing elements include, for example, circuits such as ASICs (application specific integrated circuits), portions or circuits of individual processor cores, entire processor cores, individual processors, programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and / or larger portions of systems including multiple processors.

[0036] Channel - a medium used to transmit information from a sender (transmitter) to a receiver. It should be noted that since the characteristics of the term "channel" may vary according to different wireless protocols, the term "channel" used in the present invention may be considered to be used in a manner that conforms to the standards of the type of device to which the term is used. In some standards, the channel width may be variable (e.g., depending on device capabilities, frequency band conditions, etc.). For example, LTE may support scalable channel bandwidths of 1.4MHz to 20MHz. In contrast, a WLAN channel may be 22MHz wide, while a Bluetooth channel may be 1Mhz wide. Other protocols and standards may include different definitions of channels. In addition, some standards may define and use multiple types of channels, such as different channels for uplink or downlink and / or different channels for different purposes such as data, control information, etc.

[0037] Configured to - Various components may be described as being "configured to" perform one or more tasks. In such environments, "configured to" is a broad statement that generally means "having a structure" that performs one or more tasks during operation. Thus, a component can be configured to perform a task even when the component is not currently performing the task (e.g., a set of electrical conductors can be configured to electrically connect a module to another module even when the two modules are not connected). In some contexts, "configured to" can be a broad statement that generally means "having a structure" that performs one or more tasks during operation. Thus, the component can be configured to perform a task even when the component is not currently turned on. Typically, the circuitry that forms the structure corresponding to "configured to" may include hardware circuitry.

[0038] For ease of description, various components may be described as performing one or more tasks. Such descriptions should be interpreted as including the phrase "configured to". The description of a component being configured to perform one or more tasks is expressly intended to not invoke the interpretation of the sixth paragraph of Section 112 of Title 35 of the United States Code on that component.

[0039] Figure 1 -V2X communication system

[0040] Figure 1 An exemplary vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication system is shown according to some embodiments. Note that Figure 1 The system is only one example of possible systems, and features of the present disclosure may be implemented in any of a variety of systems as desired.

[0041] A vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication system may be characterized as a network in which vehicles, UEs, and / or other devices and network entities exchange communications to coordinate traffic activity and other possible purposes. V2X communications include communications transmitted between vehicles (e.g., wireless devices or communication devices that form part of or are contained in or otherwise carried by a vehicle) and various other devices. V2X communications include vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) communications, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications, vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications, and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, as well as communications between vehicles and other possible network entities or devices. V2X communications may also refer to communications between other non-vehicle devices participating in a V2X network to share V2X-related information.

[0042] V2X communications may, for example, follow the 3GPP Cellular V2X (C-V2X) specification, or follow one or more other or subsequent standards, whereby vehicles and other devices and network entities may communicate. V2X communications may utilize both long range (e.g., cellular) communications and short to medium range (e.g., non-cellular) communications. V2X communications with cellular capabilities may be referred to as cellular V2X (C-V2X) communications. C-V2X systems may use various cellular radio access technologies (RATs), such as 4G LTE or 5G NRRAT. Certain LTE standards available in V2X systems may be referred to as LTE-Vehicle (LTE-V) standards.

[0043] As shown, the exemplary V2X system includes multiple user devices. As used herein in the context of a V2X system, "user device" may generally refer to a device associated with a mobile participant or traffic participant in the V2X system, i.e., a movable (capable of moving) communication device such as a vehicle and a pedestrian user equipment (PUE) device. User devices in the exemplary V2X system include PUE 104A and 104B and vehicles 106A and 106B.

[0044] The vehicle 106 may constitute various types of vehicles. For example, the vehicle 106A may be a road vehicle or automobile, a public transportation vehicle, or another type of vehicle. The vehicle 106 may communicate wirelessly in various ways. For example, the vehicle 106A may include communication equipment as part of the vehicle or housed in the vehicle, or may communicate through wireless communication devices currently contained in the vehicle or otherwise carried by the vehicle, such as user equipment (UE) devices (e.g., smart phones or similar devices) installed in the vehicle or carried or worn by the driver, passengers, or other persons on the vehicle, as well as other possibilities. For simplicity, the term "vehicle" as used herein may include wireless communication equipment that represents the vehicle and communicates with it. Therefore, for example, when the vehicle 106A is referred to as performing wireless communication, it should be understood that, more specifically, certain wireless communication equipment associated with and carried by the vehicle 106A is performing the wireless communication.

[0045] Pedestrian UE (PUE) 104 may constitute various types of user equipment (UE) devices, i.e., portable devices capable of wireless communication, such as smart phones, smart watches, etc., and may be associated with various types of users. Therefore, PUE 104 is a UE and may be referred to as a UE or UE device. Note that while UE 104 may be referred to as PUE (pedestrian UE), they may not necessarily be carried by a person actively walking near a road or street. PUE may refer to a UE participating in a V2X system, which is carried by a stationary person, carried by a walking or running person, or carried by a person on a vehicle (such as a bicycle, scooter, or certain motor vehicles) that may not substantially support the power capabilities of the device. Please also note that not all UE participating in a V2X system are necessarily PUEs.

[0046] The user equipment is capable of communicating using multiple wireless communication standards. For example, in addition to at least one cellular communication protocol (e.g., GSM, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-V, HSPA, 3GPP2 CDMA2000, 5G NR, etc.), UE 104A can be configured to communicate using wireless networking (e.g., Wi-Fi) and / or peer-to-peer wireless communication protocols (e.g., Bluetooth, Wi-Fi peer-to-peer, etc.). If desired, UE 104A may also or alternatively be configured to communicate using one or more global navigation satellite systems (GNSS, such as GPS or GLONASS), one or more mobile television broadcast standards (e.g., ATSC-M / H), and / or any other wireless communication protocols. Other combinations of wireless communication standards (including more than two wireless communication standards) are also possible.

[0047] As shown, some user devices may be able to communicate directly with each other, that is, without intermediate infrastructure equipment such as base station 102A or RSU 110A. As shown, vehicle 106A can directly perform V2X-related communications with vehicle 106B. Similarly, vehicle 106B can directly perform V2X-related communications with PUE 104B. In the case of some LTE implementation schemes, such peer-to-peer communications can utilize "side link" interfaces such as PC5 interfaces, and can generally be referred to as "side link communications". In some LTE implementation schemes, the PC5 interface supports direct cellular communications between user devices (e.g., between vehicles 106), while the Uu interface supports cellular communications with infrastructure equipment such as base stations. The LTE PC5 / Uu interface is used only as an example, and PC5 as used herein may represent various other possible wireless communication technologies that allow direct side link communications between user devices, while Uu may represent cellular communications performed between user devices and infrastructure equipment such as base stations. For example, at least according to some implementation schemes, NR V2X side link communication technology may also be used to perform device-to-device communications. It is also noted that some user equipment in a V2X system (such as PUE 104A as one possibility) may not be able to perform sidelink communications, for example, because they lack certain hardware required to perform such communications.

[0048] As shown in the figure, the exemplary V2X system includes a plurality of infrastructure devices in addition to the above-mentioned user equipment. As used herein, "infrastructure devices" in the context of the V2X system refer to certain devices in the V2X system that are not user equipment and are not carried by traffic participants (i.e., pedestrians, vehicles, or other mobile users), but facilitate user equipment to participate in the V2X network. The infrastructure devices in the exemplary V2X system include a base station 102A and a roadside unit (RSU) 110A.

[0049] Base station (BS) 102A may be a base transceiver station (BTS) or a cell site ("cellular base station") and may include hardware capable of wirelessly communicating with user equipment (eg, with user equipment 104A and 106A).

[0050] The communication area (or coverage area) of a base station may be referred to as a "cell" or "coverage area". The base station 102A and user equipment such as PUE 104A may be configured to communicate over a transmission medium using any of a variety of radio access technologies (RATs), which are also referred to as wireless communication technologies or telecommunication standards, such as GSM, UMTS, LTE, Advanced LTE (LTE-A), LTE-Vehicle (LTE-V), HSPA, 3GPP2 CDMA2000, 5G NR, and the like. Note that if the base station 102A is implemented in the context of LTE, it may alternatively be referred to as 'eNodeB' or eNB. Note that if the base station 102A is implemented in the context of NR, it may alternatively be referred to as 'gNodeB' or 'gNB'.

[0051] As shown, the base station 102A may also be equipped to communicate with the network 100 (e.g., in various possibilities, the V2X network, as well as the core network of a cellular service provider, a telecommunications network such as a public switched telephone network (PSTN), and / or the Internet). Thus, the base station 102A may facilitate communications between user devices and / or between user devices and the network 100. The cellular base station 102A may provide user devices such as UE 104A with various communication capabilities such as voice, SMS, and / or data services. Specifically, the base station 102A may provide access to the V2X network to connected user devices such as UE 104A and vehicle 106A.

[0052] Thus, although base station 102A may act as a "serving cell" for user equipment 104A and 106A, Figure 1 , but user devices 104B and 106B may also be able to communicate with base station 102A. The user devices shown, namely user devices 104A, 104B, 106A, and 106B, may also be able to receive signals from (and may be within communication range of) one or more other cells (which may be provided by base stations 102B-102N and / or any other base stations), such cells may be referred to as "neighboring cells." Such cells may also be able to facilitate communication between user devices and / or between user devices and network 100. Such cells may include "macro" cells, "micro" cells, "pico" cells, and / or cells of any various other granularity of service area size. For example, in Figure 1 The base stations 102A-102B shown in FIG. 1 may be macro cells, while the base station 102N may be a micro cell. Other configurations are also possible.

[0053] A roadside unit (RSU) 110A constitutes another infrastructure device that may be used to provide certain user devices with access to the V2X network. The RSU 110A may be one of various types of devices, such as a base station, e.g., a transceiver station (BTS) or a cell site ("cell site"), or another type of device that includes hardware capable of wirelessly communicating with user devices and facilitating their participation in the V2X network.

[0054] The RSU 110A may be configured to communicate using one or more wireless networking communication protocols (e.g., Wi-Fi), cellular communication protocols (e.g., LTE, LTE-V, etc.), and / or other wireless communication protocols. In some embodiments, the RSU 110A may be able to communicate with the device using a sidelink technology such as LTE PC5 or NR V2X sidelink communication technology.

[0055] The RSU 110A may communicate directly with user devices such as vehicles 106A and 106B as shown. The RSU 110A may also communicate with the base station 102A. In some cases, the RSU 110A may provide access to the base station 102A to certain user devices (e.g., vehicle 106B). Although the RSU 110A is shown as communicating with the vehicle 106, it may also (or otherwise) be able to communicate with the PUE 104. Similarly, the RSU 110A may not necessarily forward user device communications to the base station 102A. In some embodiments, the RSU 110A may constitute the base station itself, and / or may forward communications to the server 120.

[0056] As shown, server 120 constitutes a network entity of the V2X system and may be referred to as a cloud server. Base station 102A and / or RSU 110A may relay certain V2X-related communications between user devices 104 and 106 and server 120. Server 120 may be used to process certain information collected from multiple user devices and may manage V2X communications to user devices in order to coordinate traffic activities. In various other embodiments of the V2X system, various functions of cloud server 120 may be performed by infrastructure equipment such as base station 102A or RSU 110A, performed by one or more user devices, and / or not performed at all.

[0057] Figure 2 – Communication between UE and base station

[0058] Figure 2 1 and 2. Figure 1 A user equipment (UE) device 104 (e.g., a base station 102A) in communication Figure 1UE 104 may be a device with cellular communication capabilities, such as a mobile phone, a handheld device, a computer or a tablet computer, or virtually any type of portable wireless device.

[0059] UE 104 may include a processor configured to execute program instructions stored in a memory. UE 104 may perform any of the method implementations described in the present invention by executing such stored instructions. Alternatively or in addition, UE 104 may include a programmable hardware element, such as an FPGA (field programmable gate array) configured to perform any of the method implementations described herein or any part of any of the method implementations described herein.

[0060] UE 104 may include one or more antennas for communicating using one or more wireless communication protocols or technologies. In some embodiments, UE 104 may be configured to communicate using, for example, CDMA2000 (1xRTT / 1xEV-DO / HRPD / eHRPD) or LTE using a single shared radio component and / or GSM or LTE using a single shared radio component. The shared radio may be coupled to a single antenna, or may be coupled to multiple antennas (e.g., for MIMO) for performing wireless communications. Typically, the radio component may include any combination of a baseband processor, an analog radio frequency (RF) signal processing circuit (e.g., including filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, etc.), or a digital processing circuit (e.g., for digital modulation and other digital processing). Similarly, the radio component may use the aforementioned hardware to implement one or more receive chains and transmit chains. For example, UE 104 may share one or more parts of a receive chain and / or transmit chain between multiple wireless communication technologies such as those discussed above.

[0061] In some embodiments, UE 104 may include a separate transmit chain and / or receive chain (e.g., including separate antennas and other radio components) for each wireless communication protocol with which it is configured to communicate. As another possibility, UE 104 may include one or more radio components shared between multiple wireless communication protocols, and one or more radio components used uniquely by a single wireless communication protocol. For example, UE 104 may include a shared radio component for communicating using either LTE or 1xRTT (or LTE or GSM), and an independent radio component for communicating using each of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. Other configurations are also possible.

[0062] Figure 3 —UE block diagram

[0063] Figure 3 An exemplary block diagram of a UE 104 according to some embodiments is shown. As shown, the UE 104 may include a system on chip (SOC) 300, which may include parts for various purposes. For example, as shown, the SOC 300 may include a processor 302 that can execute program instructions for the UE 104, and a display circuit 304 that can perform graphics processing and provide display signals to a display 360. One or more processors 302 may also be coupled to a memory management unit (MMU) 340 (the MMU may be configured to receive addresses from one or more processors 302 and convert those addresses into locations in a memory (e.g., a memory 306, a read-only memory (ROM) 350, a NAND flash memory 310), and / or coupled to other circuits or devices (such as a display circuit 304, a wireless communication circuit 330, a connector I / F 320, and / or a display 360). The MMU 340 may be configured to perform memory protection and page table conversion or setup. In some embodiments, the MMU 340 may be included as part of the processor 302.

[0064] As shown, the SOC 300 may be coupled to various other circuits of the UE 104. For example, the UE 104 may include various types of memory (e.g., including NAND flash memory 310), a connector interface 320 (e.g., for coupling to a computer system, a docking station, a charging station, etc.), a display 360, and wireless communication circuits 330 (e.g., for LTE, LTE-A, LTE-V, 5GNR, CDMA2000, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GPS, etc.). The UE may also include at least one SIM device, and may include two SIM devices, each SIM device providing a corresponding International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) and associated functionality.

[0065] As shown, the UE device 104 may include at least one antenna (and in various possibilities, multiple antennas, such as for MIMO and / or for implementing different wireless communication technologies) for performing wireless communications with base stations, access points, and / or other devices. For example, the UE device 104 may use antenna 335 to perform wireless communications.

[0066] UE 104 may also include and / or be configured for use with one or more user interface elements. User interface elements may include various elements such as display 360 (which may be a touch screen display), a keyboard (which may be a separate keyboard or may be implemented as part of a touch screen display), a mouse, a microphone and / or speakers, one or more cameras, one or more buttons, and / or any of a variety of other elements capable of providing information to a user and / or receiving or interpreting user input.

[0067] As described herein, UE 104 may include hardware components and software components for implementing features such as those described herein for performing unicast side link access layer connection maintenance. The processor 302 of UE device 104 may be configured to implement part or all of the methods described herein, for example, by executing program instructions stored on a memory medium (e.g., a non-transient computer-readable memory medium). In other embodiments, the processor 302 may be configured as a programmable hardware element such as an FPGA (field programmable gate array), or as an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit). Alternatively (or in addition thereto), in combination with one or more of other components 300, 304, 306, 310, 320, 330, 335, 340, 350, 360, the processor 302 of UE device 104 may be configured to implement part or all of the features described herein, such as the features described herein.

[0068] Figure 4 —Block diagram of a base station

[0069] Figure 4 A base station 102 (eg, Figure 1 102A in FIG. 102B . Note that Figure 4 The base station of is only one example of a possible base station. As shown, the base station 102 may include a processor 404 that may execute program instructions for the base station 102. The processor 404 may also be coupled to a memory management unit (MMU) 440 or other circuit or device, which may be configured to receive addresses from the processor 404 and convert these addresses to locations in memory (e.g., memory 460 and read-only memory (ROM) 450).

[0070] The base station 102 may include at least one network port 470. The network port 470 may be configured to couple to a telephone network and provide access to the telephone network for a plurality of devices, such as the UE device 104.

[0071] The network port 470 (or an additional network port) may also or alternatively be configured to couple to a cellular network, such as a core network of a cellular service provider. The core network may provide mobility-related services and / or other services to multiple devices, such as the UE device 104. In some cases, the network port 470 may be coupled to a telephone network via the core network, and / or the core network may provide a telephone network (e.g., in other UE devices served by the cellular service provider).

[0072] The base station 102 may include at least one antenna 434 and possibly multiple antennas. The at least one antenna 434 may be configured to function as a wireless transceiver and may be further configured to communicate with the UE device 104 via the radio component 430. The antenna 434 communicates with the radio component 430 via a communication chain 432. The communication chain 432 may be a receive chain, a transmit chain, or both. The radio component 430 may be configured to communicate via various wireless communication standards, including but not limited to LTE, LTE-A, LTE-V, GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, 5G NR, Wi-Fi, etc.

[0073] Base station 102 may be configured to communicate wirelessly using multiple wireless communication standards. In some cases, base station 102 may include multiple radios that enable base station 102 to communicate according to multiple wireless communication technologies. For example, as one possibility, base station 102 may include an LTE radio for performing communications according to LTE and a Wi-Fi radio for performing communications according to Wi-Fi. In such cases, base station 102 may be capable of operating as both an LTE base station and a Wi-Fi access point. As another possibility, base station 102 may include a multimode radio component capable of performing communications according to any of multiple wireless communication technologies (e.g., LTE and NR, LTE and Wi-Fi, LTE and UMTS, LTE and CDMA2000, UMTS and GSM, etc.).

[0074] As further described later herein, the base station 102 may include hardware and software components for implementing or supporting the implementation of the features described herein. The processor 404 of the base station 102 may be configured to implement or support a portion or all of the implementation of the methods described herein, for example, by executing program instructions stored on a memory medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium). Alternatively, the processor 404 may be configured as a programmable hardware element such as an FPGA (field programmable gate array), or as an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) or a combination thereof. Alternatively (or in addition thereto), in combination with one or more of the other components 430, 432, 434, 440, 450, 460, 470, the processor 404 of the base station 102 may be configured to implement or support a portion or all of the implementation of the features described herein.

[0075] Sidelink communication

[0076] In wireless communications, especially cellular wireless communications, sidelink communications represent a special type of communication mechanism between devices that is not carried by a base station (e.g., eNB / gNB). In other words, the devices communicate with each other without communication through a base station. In a sense, it can be said that these devices communicate directly with each other. However, the adaptation of this communication can utilize a new physical layer design.

[0077] Many recent studies have identified technical solutions that require sidelink designs, such as those in 5G-NR, to meet the requirements of advanced V2X services, including supporting sidelink unicast, sidelink multicast, and sidelink broadcast. Many specific use cases for advanced V2X services have been identified, divided into four groups: vehicle platooning, extended sensors, advanced driving, and remote driving. Platooning is a cooperative driving application according to which multiple vehicles travel in the same lane as a platoon, maintaining a specific (preferably constant) inter-vehicle distance between each other in order to improve their traffic efficiency, such as reducing fuel consumption and gas platooning and achieving safe and efficient transportation. To achieve platooning, vehicles in the platoon can use multiple on-board sensors (e.g., radar, lidar-light detection and ranging, positioning systems, etc.) and sidelink vehicle-to-vehicle communications to synchronize their road operations, such as regarding disruptions, lane changes, parking, etc. Vehicle platoons can utilize both multicast transmissions (e.g., for relaying status information for fleet management) and unicast transmissions (e.g., for communication between two members). Efficient intra- and inter-fleet communications can help achieve better spectrum / power efficiency while maintaining fair competition for resources, e.g., between members of the same fleet and between fleets (and therefore, between members of different fleets).

[0078] In C-V2X, multiple resource allocation modes may be used for sidelink communications, and different mechanisms may be used to allocate sidelink communication resources. For example, C-V2X may utilize "Mode 1", whereby sidelink communication resources are allocated by the network (NW) (e.g., through dynamic scheduling or semi-persistent scheduling (SPS)), or utilize "Mode 2", whereby resource allocation is performed autonomously by the UE (e.g., so that the UE autonomously selects resources for communication), as specified in LTE Release 12. Alternatively or in addition, C-V2X may utilize "Mode 3" which operates similarly to Mode 1 (i.e., sidelink communication resources are allocated by the NW), and "Mode 4" which operates similarly to Mode 2 (i.e., resource allocation is performed autonomously by the UE), as specified in LTE Release 14. In this context, "resource allocation" may be understood to refer to the allocation of one or both of the time slots and / or frequency slots (e.g., subcarriers) used in performing sidelink communications. In some embodiments, resources may be allocated within one or more "pools". For example, a "mode 2 pool" of time slots and corresponding subcarrier frequencies may be configured by the base station, where the mode 2 pool describes a set of time and frequency resources that may be used to perform mode 2 sidelink communications. In addition or alternatively, in some cases, the UE may use an "exceptional pool" during a transition from RRC_Idle to RRC_Connected, and a "pre-configured pool" may be pre-configured for use by the UE.

[0079] In some embodiments, a dual mode UE (or hybrid mode UE) may be utilized, whereby the UE is able to switch between Mode 1 and Mode 2 operations. Advantageously, dual mode UEs may be employed without introducing backward compatibility issues with other UEs, since the receiving UE may be transparent to the transmission mode used. For example, if a 5G NR-V2X UE supports dual mode operation, it may even apply it to LTE V2X R14 transmissions. For example, dual mode operation may alternate mode selection to transmit a Basic Safety Message (BSM) in R14 format.

[0080] In some embodiments, the UE can only communicate according to one mode at a time. For example, at the same time, all sidelink transmissions can be in the same mode. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the UE can support simultaneous dual-mode operation, thereby completing some sidelink transmissions in mode 1 and completing other sidelink transmissions in mode 2 at the same time.

[0081] Figure 5A-Figure 5B - Mode switching when moving out of coverage area

[0082] Since Mode 1 operation relies on the network to allocate resources, Mode 1 may only work properly when the UE has cellular coverage. In contrast, Mode 2 may work both inside and outside of coverage. Figure 5A1 shows a scenario according to some embodiments, in which a UE such as a PUE 104 or a vehicle 106 containing a wireless device moves from a coverage area of ​​a cellular network to an out-of-coverage scenario. During such a scenario, Figure 5B A conventional mechanism for performing sidelink communications (top) and a method for implementing mode switching (bottom) according to some embodiments are shown. For a dual-mode UE moving out of coverage, it may be desirable to switch from Mode 1 to Mode 2 using a pre-configured resource pool. Embodiments herein describe methods and apparatus for accommodating dual-mode UE operation and potential mode switching issues associated with changing coverage scenarios.

[0083] According to various embodiments, various changes to coverage scenarios may benefit from mode switching. For example, if an NR V2X UE operating in Mode 1 moves from a (NR / LTE) coverage area to out of coverage (OOC), or if an NR V2X UE operating in Mode 1 moves from an NR coverage area to an LTE coverage area but does not support LTE inter-RAT scheduling, switching to Mode 2 may be desirable. Figure 5A can be understood to cover any of these scenarios. Figure 5B As shown in the upper half of , some previous implementations may operate as follows: When a radio link failure (RLF) is detected, the UE may transmit (TX) communications according to resources allocated in Mode 1, indicating that the UE may move toward an OOC scenario. As shown, the UE may switch to transmit using resources randomly selected from an exception pool. Finally, when the UE is completely out of range of the cell, the UE may transition to an out-of-service state.

[0084] In contrast, Figure 5B The lower half of illustrates a method whereby the UE performs sensing or pre-sensing of communication resources associated with a Mode 2 pool. Advantageously, when RLF is detected, the UE may have sufficient knowledge from the sensing (or pre-sensing) to transition to transmitting communications with available resources from the Mode 2 pool. Finally, when the UE fully moves out of the OOC of the cell, the UE may transmit communications with the pre-configured pool. Alternatively, in some embodiments, if when the UE moves to the OOC of the gNB and enters the service of the eNB, the cell from which the UE is moving to the OOC is a 5G NR gNB, and the UE is moving into the coverage area of ​​an LTE eNB and is configured for dual RAT V2X service over LTE and 5G NR, the UE may transmit with resources within the Mode 4 pool configured in the LTE pool.

[0085] In some embodiments, instead of experiencing service interruption when moving to the OOC area, the UE can use pre-configuration of Mode 2. In some embodiments, sensing-based resource selection can be utilized in the Mode 2 pool instead of random resource selection. In various embodiments, sensing-based resource selection can improve selection performance, and sensing can be completed in either the exception pool or the regular Mode 2 pool. A dual-mode UE can evaluate resources within one or more Mode 2 pools when performing Mode 1 side link communications. For example, if the UE is configured to conduct Mode 2 traffic simultaneously with Mode 1 traffic, the sensing results can be used to perform mode switching for Mode 1 side link traffic. If the UE does not conduct Mode 2 traffic simultaneously with Mode 1 traffic, it can still perform pre-sensing of the Mode 2 pool configured by the base station, and can switch to Mode 2 when a radio link failure (RLF) occurs.

[0086] Figure 6A-6B Mode switching when moving within coverage area

[0087] Fig. 6A Shows Figure 5A An alternative scenario is where the UE moves from OOC to in-coverage. During such a scenario, Figure 6B A conventional mechanism for performing sidelink communications (top) and a method for effectuating mode switching (bottom) according to some embodiments are shown. In some embodiments, mode switching may be utilized in a dual-mode UE moving from an OOC scenario to an in-coverage scenario. For example, an NR V2X capable UE may move from an OOC to an in-coverage area and may initiate a process with a newly discovered base station in RRC_Connected mode to use Mode 1. Alternatively, an NR V2X UE operating in LTE Mode 4 may move into NR coverage and may want to switch to Mode 1.

[0088] like Figure 6B As shown in the upper half of , in some previous implementations, the UE may transmit using random resources within the exception pool when the UE is in the RRC_Idle state and attempts to connect to the base station. Figure 6B In the lower half of the RRC_Idle to RRC_Connected transition, sensing-based resource selection may be utilized in the Mode 2 pool instead of random resource selection in the exception pool. In some embodiments, when sensing results for the Mode 2 transmit pool are not yet available when a new cell is detected, the exception pool may be temporarily used while the UE uses sensing to determine available or desired resources from the Mode 2 pool. Subsequently, the UE may perform transmissions using resources in the Mode 2 pool until the RRC_Connected state is established with the base station and the UE transitions to perform Mode 1 transmissions.

[0089] In some embodiments, when a physical layer problem is detected in the Uu interface, the LTE-V2X UE may switch to using an exception pool. For example, at the edge of the cell, after the UE sends a buffer status report (BSR), the UE may move further away from the eNB / gNB, and the UE may not be able to receive DCI 5A in the PDCCH channel due to deteriorating channel conditions. In this case, the UE may end up using resources from the exception pool, but the mode 1 sidelink grant allocated by the NW may be wasted, and the network may not be notified of the non-use of the grant. In this case, various embodiments may be used to address these and other issues. For example, the UE may continue with mode 1 scheduling, which may have the advantage that grants allocated by the base station generally experience better quality of service. However, this may have the disadvantage that if the UE fails to receive a grant, the grant may be wasted. Alternatively, the UE may perform a random selection on the exception pool. This may have the advantage that the base station may not waste mode 1 resource grants, however, random selection in the exception pool may end up selecting poor transmission resources and may cause sidelink transmission failures. As another possibility, if the UE is a dual-mode UE, the UE may use sensing-based mode 2 pool resource selection. This may have the advantage of avoiding the risk of Uu failure, while still providing the option of functional side link authorization.

[0090] Figure 7A-7B — Preemptive mode switching in border areas

[0091] In some embodiments, for dual-mode UEs, a preemptive switch to transmit mode 2 may be performed when the UE is in adverse or marginal channel conditions. Fig. 7A As shown, the protection zone can be used to perform preemptive mode switching. In some embodiments, a cell boundary area can be configured where the dual-mode UE prefers mode 2 operation rather than mode 1 operation. For example, the network can configure a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) or received signal to received power ratio (RSRP) threshold in the Uu interface for sidelink communication, and the dual-mode UE can be configured to switch from mode 1 to mode 2 when the RSSI or RSRP drops below the threshold. Figure 7B As shown, when the UE determines that the downlink Uu signal is weaker than the RSRP or RSSI threshold, the UE may switch to using Mode 2 for transmission, wherein the used Mode 2 resources are determined based on sensing or pre-sensing. Subsequently, when another cell is detected and a handover procedure to the new cell is initiated, the UE may switch to using the exception pool included in the handover (HO) for transmission, and when the handover is completed, the UE may use the Mode 1 resources in the new cell for transmission.

[0092] In some embodiments, the S measurement may be reused so that new RRC configured thresholds may be avoided. Advantageously, dynamic scheduling failures may be avoided under adverse channel conditions because during handover, the UE may preemptively switch to Mode 2 to avoid Mode 1 sidelink transmission failures.

[0093] Figure 8 —Flowchart dynamic mode switching

[0094] Figure 8 is a flowchart illustrating a method for executing a dynamic mode by a wireless device configured via V2X according to some embodiments. Figure 8 The method described may be performed by a wireless device configured with at least one antenna for performing wireless communication, a radio component coupled to the at least one antenna, and a processor coupled to the radio component. In some embodiments, the wireless device may be included in a vehicle. The wireless device may be configured to operate according to a first side link mode and a second side link mode, in which communication resources are allocated by the network, and in which communication resources are selected autonomously by the wireless device. Communication resources may include one or both of time and frequency resources (e.g., time slots and subcarriers) for communicating according to any one of the first side link mode or the second side link mode. Communication resources may be included in multiple communication resource pools, which may be configured by the network for different purposes (e.g., different pools may be allocated for communication in the first side link mode and the second side link mode or for other purposes). In various embodiments, some of the method elements shown may be performed simultaneously in an order different from the order shown, may be replaced by other method elements, or may be omitted. Additional method elements may also be performed as needed. As shown, the method may operate as follows.

[0095] At 802, a change in a coverage scenario associated with the first side link mode is detected. In various embodiments, the change in coverage scenario may be of multiple types. For example, the change in coverage scenario may include: detecting a radio link failure associated with the first side link mode; detecting that the signal strength of the cell associated with the first side link mode has dropped below a predetermined threshold; detecting that the wireless device has moved out of coverage relative to the network associated with the first side link mode; or detecting that the wireless device has moved from outside the coverage area of ​​the network associated with the first side link mode to inside the coverage area. For embodiments in which the change in coverage scenario includes detecting that the signal strength of the cell associated with the first side link mode has dropped below a predetermined threshold, the signal strength may be either a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) or a received signal to received power ratio (RSRP) or other possibilities.

[0096] At 804, resource sensing is performed for the second side link mode. The sensing may include determining the availability of one or more communication resources within a pool associated with the second side link mode. In some embodiments, performing resource sensing for the second side link mode includes performing pre-sensing for the second side link mode when the wireless device is communicating according to the first side link mode.

[0097] At 806, a first communication is transmitted using a second side link mode based at least in part on detecting a change in coverage scenario, wherein resources for transmitting the first communication are selected based at least in part on resource sensing. For example, sensing (or pre-sensing) may be utilized at step 804 to determine one or more available communication resources for performing mode 2 side link communication, and the available communication resources may be utilized at step 806 for transmitting side link communication in response to detecting a change in coverage scenario.

[0098] In some embodiments, it may be determined that a handover procedure has been initiated while the wireless device is transmitting a first communication using the second side link mode. At least in part in response to determining that the handover procedure has been initiated, the wireless device may switch from transmitting the first communication using the second side link mode to transmitting the second communication using an exception pool associated with the handover procedure. In some embodiments, after the handover procedure is completed, communications may be conducted according to the first side link mode.

[0099] Dual-mode side link operation conflicts

[0100] In some embodiments, conflicts may occur in a dual mode where the UE may be able to transmit according to both Mode 1 and Mode 2. For example, a potential conflict may occur between Mode 1 and Mode 2 transmission resources if the resources overlap in time and frequency. Alternatively, the sidelink resources for Mode 1 and Mode 3 may overlap in time, but may utilize different subcarriers in frequency, but the UE may not be able to make more than one sidelink transmission at a time. As yet another example, the UE may be able to transmit more than one sidelink transmission at a time, but the two transmissions in Modes 1 and 2 may be scheduled in different beam directions, and the UE may not be able to transmit simultaneously in two different beam directions. These and other types of conflicts may occur because the base station may make Mode 1 resource allocations without knowing which Mode 2 resources the UE has reserved for Mode 2 transmissions.

[0101] To address these and other issues, some implementations utilize a sidelink priority ranking method to handle potential transmission conflicts. For example, when a conflict occurs between a Mode 1 transmission and a Mode 2 transmission, the UE may compare the priority of the highest priority logical channel multiplexed in the two conflicting Media Access Control (MAC) Packet Data Units (PDUs) for Mode 1 and Mode 2 transmissions, respectively. In these implementations, a direct comparison of the sidelink priority levels may be performed between the two transmissions, and a transmission preference may be granted to the higher priority transmission. As an example, each transmission may be assigned a priority of 0 to 7, and the Mode 1 and Mode 2 transmission priorities may be compared.

[0102] In some cases, according to various embodiments, two transmissions may have the same priority (e.g., MAC PDUs of two modes may have the same highest priority), and various rules may be used to break the deadlock. In some embodiments, in the case where there is a priority deadlock between Mode 1 and Mode 2, the deadlock may be broken based on the mode decision, whereby Mode 1 is preferred over Mode 2, or Mode 2 is preferred over Mode 1. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the deadlock may be broken by comparing the second highest priority logical channel of each mode transmission. For example, if the MAC PDU multiplexes traffic from more than one logical channel, the second highest priority of the logical channels in the two MAC PDUs may be compared. If the second priority is also the same for Mode 1 and Mode 2, the third highest priority may be compared, and so on. As a third option, in some embodiments, the deadlock may be broken based on the hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) state. For example, if the first transmission in the first mode is the last transmission in the HARQ process, but the second transmission in the second mode is the first transmission in the HARQ process, the UE may reduce the priority of the transmission in the second mode so that the first transmission may still be successfully delivered.

[0103] In any of these implementations, for non-selected sidelink transmissions, the UE may re-attempt to schedule the transmission using dynamic Mode 1 or Mode 2 scheduling.

[0104] In some embodiments, mechanisms may be employed to avoid scheduling conflicts between Mode 1 and Mode 2 transmissions. As a first possibility, for Mode 2 resource allocations for a UE, all configured Type 1 and Type 2 grants scheduled for Mode 1 may be considered in the "resource exclusion" step so that sidelink resources that conflict with Mode 1 sidelink grants are not selected. As a second possibility, when the UE sends Uu signaling to assist in scheduling its sidelink traffic to the network, it may add a list or bitmap of "blacklisted resources" so that the gNB or eNB may try to avoid allocating sidelink transmissions that conflict with Mode 2 resources. Various formats may be used to convey this information. For example, a bitmap of 20 bits, 50 bits, or another number of bits may be used, where the number of bits is set to be within a packet delay budget (e.g., 20ms or 50ms). In other embodiments, the list may explicitly list all opportunities for prohibited resources within the packet delay budget. In some implementations, the conflict resolution may be included within a buffer status report (BSR), or within radio resource control (RRC) signaling such as SidelinkUEInformation, UEAssistanceInformation, or MeasureReport fields.

[0105] Fig. 9 —Flowchart resource conflict resolution

[0106] Fig. 9 is a flow chart illustrating a method for performing resource conflict resolution by a wireless device configured with a dual-mode V2X according to some embodiments. Fig. 9 The method described may be performed by a wireless device configured with at least one antenna for performing wireless communication, a radio component coupled to the at least one antenna, and a processor coupled to the radio component. In some embodiments, the wireless device may be included in a vehicle. The wireless device may be configured to operate according to a first side link mode and a second side link mode, in which communication resources are allocated by the network, and in which communication resources are selected autonomously by the wireless device. Communication resources may include one or both of time and frequency resources (e.g., time slots and subcarriers) for communicating according to any one of the first side link mode or the second side link mode. Communication resources may be included in multiple communication resource pools, which may be configured by the network for different purposes (e.g., different pools may be allocated for communication in the first side link mode and the second side link mode or for other purposes). In various embodiments, some of the method elements shown may be performed simultaneously in an order different from the order shown, may be replaced by other method elements, or may be omitted. Additional method elements may also be performed as needed. As shown, the method may operate as follows.

[0107] At 902, a potential communication resource conflict generated by operating according to the first side link mode and operating according to the second side link mode is determined. In some embodiments, the potential communication resource conflict is an overlap in time and frequency resources according to the first side link mode and the second side link mode operation (i.e., communications from both the first side link mode and the second side link mode are allocated to use the same time and frequency resources). In some embodiments, the wireless device cannot perform simultaneous transmission on multiple subcarriers, and the potential communication resource conflict is an overlap in time (i.e., not necessarily frequency overlap) according to the first side link mode and the second side link mode operation on different subcarriers. In some embodiments, the wireless device is capable of performing multiple simultaneous transmissions, and the potential communication resource conflict is generated by performing simultaneous transmission according to the first side link mode and the second side link mode in different beam directions. In other words, a potential communication resource conflict may occur because the UE's antenna cannot transmit simultaneously according to each side link mode in the first side link mode and the second side link mode in two different beam directions.

[0108] At 904, in response to determining a potential communication resource conflict, a first priority associated with operating according to the first side link mode and a second priority associated with operating according to the second side link mode are determined. The first priority and the second priority may each be associated with a corresponding logical channel for transmission in the first side link mode and the second side link mode, respectively. In some embodiments, one or both of the first side link mode and the second side link mode may utilize multiplexing, whereby the UE transmits using multiple logical channels, each of which is assigned a priority. In these embodiments, the highest priority logical channel associated with each side link mode in the first side link mode and the second side link mode may be used for comparison.

[0109] At 906, one of the first sidelink mode or the second sidelink mode is selected for transmitting the communication, wherein the selection is performed based at least in part on a comparison of the first priority and the second priority. For example, the sidelink mode with the higher priority may be selected for transmitting the communication, while the other sidelink mode may have its transmission delayed (e.g., until the higher priority transmission is completed, whereupon the lower priority transmission may be scheduled and performed).

[0110] In some cases, the first priority matches the second priority, and various mechanisms may be employed in various embodiments to break the deadlock, as described in the following paragraphs.

[0111] For example, in some embodiments, it can be determined that the first priority matches the second priority, and a number of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) attempts associated with communications in the first side link mode and the second side link mode can be used to break the deadlock. For example, based on determining that the first priority matches the second priority, a number of HARQ attempts associated with a first communication according to the first side link mode and a second communication associated with the second side link mode can be determined. In these embodiments, selecting one of the first side link mode or the second side link mode for transmitting the communication may include selecting the side link mode associated with the communication associated with the larger number of HARQ attempts.

[0112] In some embodiments, when it is determined that the first priority matches the second priority, one or both of the first side link mode or the second side link mode can be set as the default priority. For example, the wireless device can select the first side link mode for transmitting communications based on the determination that the first priority matches the second priority, or alternatively, the wireless device can default to selecting the second side link mode for transmitting communications when the two priorities are tied.

[0113] In some embodiments, when transmissions associated with a first side link mode and a second side link mode are multiplexed on multiple physical channels, the first priority and the second priority may be the priority of the highest priority logical channel of each of the two modes. In these embodiments, if the first priority and the second priority are tied, the second highest priority of the logical channels used by the first side link mode and the second side link mode may be compared to break the deadlock. In other words, in some embodiments, communications associated with the first side link mode are performed using at least the first logical channel and the second logical channel, wherein the first priority is associated with the first logical channel, and communications associated with the second side link mode are performed using at least the third logical channel and the fourth logical channel, wherein the second priority is associated with the third logical channel. In these embodiments, when it is determined that the first priority matches the second priority, one of the first side link mode or the second side link mode may be further selected for transmitting communications based at least in part on a comparison of the priorities of the second logical channel and the fourth logical channel.

[0114] In some embodiments, rather than utilizing transmit priority to resolve transmit resource conflicts, methods and apparatus may be utilized to preemptively prevent potential resource conflicts from occurring. For example, a method for operating a wireless device may include, by the wireless device: operating according to a first side link mode, wherein when operating in the first side link mode, communication resources are allocated by a network; operating according to a second side link mode, wherein when operating in the second side link mode, communication resources are autonomously selected by the wireless device; determining a plurality of communication resources allocated for operation according to the first side link mode, wherein autonomous selection of communication resources by the wireless device when operating in the second side link mode is performed to avoid potential conflicts with the plurality of communication resources allocated for operation according to the first side link mode.

[0115] In some embodiments, determining to allocate a plurality of resources for operation according to the first side link mode is performed based on one or both of grants of type 1 or type 2 configurations for scheduling of the first side link mode.

[0116] In some embodiments, a method for operating a wireless device includes, by the wireless device: operating according to a first side link mode, wherein a first communication resource is allocated by a network when operating in the first side link mode; operating according to a second side link mode, wherein a second communication resource is autonomously selected by the wireless device when operating in the second side link mode; and transmitting a message to the network, wherein the message includes information related to the second communication resource, and wherein the message can be used by the network to avoid conflicts between the first communication resource and the second communication resource.

[0117] Yet another example embodiment may include a method comprising: performing, by a wireless device, any or all of the foregoing examples.

[0118] Another example embodiment may include a device comprising: an antenna; a radio component, the radio component coupled to the antenna; and a processing element operably coupled to the radio component, wherein the device is configured to implement any or all portions of the foregoing examples.

[0119] Another exemplary set of embodiments may include a non-transitory computer-accessible storage medium including program instructions that, when executed at a device, cause the device to implement any or all portions of any of the foregoing examples.

[0120] Another exemplary set of embodiments may include a computer program comprising instructions for performing any or all of any of the foregoing examples.

[0121] Another exemplary set of embodiments may include an apparatus including means for performing any or all of the elements of any of the preceding examples.

[0122] Another exemplary set of embodiments may include an apparatus comprising a processing element configured to cause a wireless device to perform any or all elements of any of the foregoing examples.

[0123] As described above, one aspect of the present technology is to collect and use data obtained from specific and legitimate sources to improve the coordination of traffic flow in a traffic environment. The present disclosure contemplates that, in some instances, the collected data may include personal information data that uniquely identifies or can be used to identify a specific person. Such personal information data may include demographic data, location-based data, online identifiers, phone numbers, email addresses, home addresses, data or records related to the user's health or fitness level (e.g., vital signs measurements, medication information, exercise information), date of birth, or any other personal information.

[0124] The present disclosure recognizes that the use of such personal information data in the present technology can be used to benefit users. For example, personal information data can be used to better coordinate traffic flow in the user's environment, making traffic for the user and other users more efficient. In addition, personal data can improve the safety of users (and other users) by avoiding traffic accidents, especially vehicle collisions. For example, in the case of pedestrian users, personal information, especially information related to movement and location, can be used to avoid possible fatal collisions between vehicles and users. In addition, personal information can be used to reduce the resources and power consumed by user devices by benefiting from traffic-related networks, which can improve the user's experience.

[0125] The present disclosure envisions that entities responsible for collecting, analyzing, disclosing, transmitting, storing or otherwise using such personal information data will comply with established privacy policies and / or privacy practices. Specifically, such entities will be expected to implement and consistently apply privacy practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding the requirements of the industry or government that maintain user privacy. Such information about the use of personal data should be highlighted and easily accessible to users, and should be updated as the collection and / or use of data changes. The user's personal information should be collected only for legal use. In addition, such collection / sharing should only occur after receiving user consent or other legal basis specified in applicable law. In addition, such entities should consider taking any necessary steps to defend and safeguard access to such personal information data and ensure that others who have access to personal information data comply with their privacy policies and processes. In addition, such entities may subject themselves to third-party assessments to demonstrate that they comply with widely accepted privacy policies and practices. In addition, policies and practices should be adjusted for specific types of personal information data collected and / or accessed, and applied to applicable laws and standards, including considerations that are exclusive to jurisdictions that can be used to impose higher standards. For example, in the United States, collection or access to certain health data may be governed by federal and / or state laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA); while health data in other countries may be subject to other regulations and policies and should be handled accordingly.

[0126] Regardless of the foregoing, the present disclosure also contemplates implementation schemes in which users selectively block the use or access of personal information data. That is, the present disclosure contemplates that hardware elements and / or software elements may be provided to prevent or block access to such personal information data. For example, the present technology may be configured to allow users to choose to participate in "opt-in" or "opt-out" of collecting personal information data for use in vehicle and traffic-related networks. In another example, for the purpose of traffic safety and coordination, users may choose not to provide certain personal data, such as location or motion data, to the V2X network. In another example, users may choose to limit the length and extent of how traffic-related data is retained, or completely block the development of basic traffic or vehicle configurations. In addition to providing "opt-in" and "opt-out" options, the present disclosure contemplates providing notifications related to access or use of personal information. For example, users may be notified that their personal information data will be accessed for use in vehicle and traffic networks.

[0127] In addition, it is an object of the present disclosure that personal information data should be managed and processed to minimize the risk of unintentional or unauthorized access or use. Risks can be minimized by limiting data collection and deleting data once it is no longer needed. In addition, and when applicable, including in certain health-related applications, data de-identification can be used to protect the privacy of users. De-identification can be facilitated by removing identifiers, controlling the amount or specificity of stored data (e.g., collecting location data at a city level rather than at an address level), controlling how data is stored (e.g., aggregating data across users), and / or other methods such as differential privacy, where appropriate.

[0128] Thus, while the present disclosure broadly covers the use of personal information data to implement one or more of the various disclosed embodiments, the present disclosure also contemplates that various embodiments may also be implemented without access to such personal information data. That is, various embodiments of the present technology will not fail to function properly due to the lack of all or a portion of such personal information data. For example, content may be selected and delivered to a user based on aggregated non-personal information data or an absolute minimum amount of personal information, such as content processed only on the user's device or other non-personal information that may be used for content delivery services.

[0129] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in any of a variety of forms. For example, some embodiments may be implemented as computer-implemented methods, computer-readable storage media, or computer systems. Other embodiments may be implemented using one or more custom-designed hardware devices such as ASICs. Other embodiments may be implemented using one or more programmable hardware elements such as FPGAs.

[0130] In some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may be configured such that it stores program instructions and / or data, wherein if the program instructions are executed by a computer system, the computer system is caused to perform a method, such as any one of the method embodiments described herein, or any combination of the method embodiments described herein, or any subset of any method embodiments described herein, or any combination of such subsets.

[0131] In some embodiments, a device (e.g., UE 104) may be configured to include a processor (or a group of processors) and a memory medium, wherein the memory medium stores program instructions, wherein the processor is configured to read and execute the program instructions from the memory medium, wherein the program instructions are executable to implement any of the various method implementations described herein (or any combination of the method implementations described herein, or any subset of any of the method implementations described herein, or any combination of such subsets). The device may be implemented in any of various forms.

[0132] Although the above embodiments have been described in considerable detail, numerous variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully appreciated. It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to encompass all such variations and modifications.

Claims

1. A wireless device, comprising: at least one antenna, the at least one antenna configured to perform wireless communication; a radio component coupled to the at least one antenna; and a processor coupled to the radio; The wireless device is configured to: operating according to a first sidelink mode, wherein when operating in the first sidelink mode, a first communication resource is allocated by a network; operating according to a second side-link mode, wherein when operating in the second side-link mode, a second communication resource is autonomously selected by the wireless device; determining a plurality of first communication resources allocated for operation according to the first sidelink mode, wherein the wireless device is further configured to send Uu signaling to the network, wherein the Uu signaling includes a bitmap of prohibited communication resources that conflict with the autonomously selected second communication resource, and wherein the number of bits of the bitmap is less than a packet delay budget; and Therein, the autonomous selection of the second communication resource avoids potential conflicts with the plurality of first communication resources allocated for operation according to the first sidelink mode.

2. The wireless device according to claim 1, Wherein determining the plurality of first communication resources allocated for operation according to the first sidelink mode is performed based on one or both of grants of type 1 or type 2 configurations for scheduling of the first sidelink mode.

3. The wireless device according to claim 1, The wireless device is further configured to: determining that a handover procedure has been initiated while the wireless device is transmitting the first communication using the second sidelink mode; and Responsive at least in part to determining that the handover procedure has been initiated, switching from transmitting the first communication using the second sidelink mode to transmitting a second communication using an exception pool associated with the handover procedure.

4. The wireless device according to claim 3, The wireless device is further configured to: After completing the handover procedure, communicating is performed according to the first sidelink mode.

5. The wireless device according to claim 1, Wherein the wireless device is included in a vehicle.

6. The wireless device according to claim 1, The communication resources include one or more of the following: time slot; and Frequency subcarrier.

7. A method for operating a wireless device, the method comprising: By the wireless device: operating according to a first sidelink mode, wherein when operating in the first sidelink mode, a first communication resource is allocated by a network; operating according to a second side-link mode, wherein when operating in the second side-link mode, a second communication resource is autonomously selected by the wireless device; determining a plurality of first communication resources allocated for operation according to the first sidelink mode, wherein the method further comprises sending Uu signaling to the network, wherein the Uu signaling comprises a bitmap of prohibited communication resources that conflict with the autonomously selected second communication resource, and wherein the number of bits of the bitmap is less than a packet delay budget; and Therein, the autonomous selection of the second communication resource avoids potential conflicts with the plurality of first communication resources allocated for operation according to the first sidelink mode.

8. The method according to claim 7, Wherein determining the plurality of first communication resources allocated for operation according to the first sidelink mode is performed based on one or both of grants of type 1 or type 2 configurations for scheduling of the first sidelink mode.

9. The method according to claim 7, further comprising: determining that a handover procedure has been initiated while the wireless device is transmitting the first communication using the second sidelink mode; as well as Responsive at least in part to determining that the handover procedure has been initiated, switching from transmitting the first communication using the second sidelink mode to transmitting a second communication using an exception pool associated with the handover procedure.

10. The method according to claim 7, Wherein the wireless device is included in a vehicle.

11. The method according to claim 7, The communication resources include one or more of the following: time slot; and Frequency subcarrier.

12. A non-transitory computer readable memory medium comprising program instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause a wireless device to: operating according to a first sidelink mode, wherein when operating in the first sidelink mode, a first communication resource is allocated by a network; operating according to a second side-link mode, wherein when operating in the second side-link mode, a second communication resource is autonomously selected by the wireless device; determining a plurality of first communication resources allocated for operation according to the first sidelink mode, wherein the program instructions are further executable to cause the wireless device to send Uu signaling to the network, wherein the Uu signaling includes a bitmap of prohibited communication resources that conflict with the autonomously selected second communication resource, and wherein the number of bits of the bitmap is less than a packet delay budget; and in, The autonomous selection of second communication resources avoids potential conflicts with the plurality of first communication resources allocated for operation according to the first sidelink mode.

13. The non-transitory computer readable memory medium of claim 12, Wherein determining the plurality of first communication resources allocated for operation according to the first sidelink mode is performed based on one or both of grants of type 1 or type 2 configurations for scheduling of the first sidelink mode.

14. The non-transitory computer readable memory medium of claim 12, wherein the program instructions are further executable to cause the wireless device to: determining that a handover procedure has been initiated while the wireless device is transmitting the first communication using the second sidelink mode; and In response at least in part to determining that the handover procedure has been initiated, switching from transmitting the first communication using the second sidelink mode to transmitting a second communication using an exception pool associated with the handover procedure; and After completing the handover procedure, communicating is performed according to the first sidelink mode.

15. The non-transitory computer readable memory medium of claim 12, Wherein the wireless device is included in a vehicle.

16. The non-transitory computer readable memory medium of claim 12, The communication resources include one or more of the following: time slot; and Frequency subcarrier.

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