Microgrid power dispatching method based on blockchain

Abstract

The present invention relates to blockchain and distributed microgrid power dispatching. In order to protect the privacy data of both parties in power transactions and the hardware security of the power transmission network, the present invention, a microgrid power dispatching method based on blockchain, first builds an information network based on blockchain technology, the information network includes a super node for identity authentication and blockchain management, and slave nodes representing the parties of power sales and users, and the following steps are performed in the information network: (1) the user initiates a transaction; (2) the surrounding users give a quotation for selling or purchasing electricity based on the total power supply / power consumption deviation value; (3) the super node collects the quotations of all bidders; (4) the bids and bids of the users are settled based on the double auction mechanism; (5) the auction or auction results are corrected; (6) all users settle at the settlement price. The present invention is mainly used in power dispatching occasions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to blockchain and distributed microgrid power allocation, and in particular to a microgrid power allocation method based on blockchain. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid growth and application of distributed energy resources in smart grids, such as rooftop photovoltaic panels and energy storage, new management schemes are needed to control these distributed energy resources. Distributed optimization has been widely studied for the problem of coordinating distributed energy resources in power systems, providing an acceptable alternative to solve the complex optimization problems of power systems with a large number of distributed energy resources and energy trading. This method can optimize the management of power systems, thereby reducing the electricity costs of grid operators, improving the utilization level of grid users, and improving the key service level of balancing demand and local renewable resource supply. The management schemes of distributed energy resources in low-voltage networks usually assume that the operation of distributed energy resources is centrally managed by an aggregator, a cooperative utility, or a microgrid operator. However, these centralized schemes encounter scalability problems when the number of distributed energy resources is large. In addition, they are usually not accepted by households due to limited economic incentives and privacy issues. In optimal economic dispatch, some centralized control schemes consider low-voltage grid constraints by solving the optimal power flow problem in addition to considering the operating constraints of distributed energy resources. Solving the optimal power flow problem optimizes the network power flow without violating system constraints.

[0003] Blockchain is a brand-new technology that applies distributed data storage, peer-to-peer transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other modes. It can use a one-way chain data structure to verify and store data, use a distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, use cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and use smart contracts composed of automated script code to program and operate data. Blockchain and related encryption technologies are closely related to applications such as data sharing and data usage security.

[0004] Therefore, blockchain technology is currently widely used in data storage and exchange. Industries with many demands in this regard, such as finance, insurance, and payment systems, have begun to apply blockchain technology, and it is also being applied in more fields. Smart grid technology is such an example.

[0005] Microgrid refers to a small power generation and distribution system composed of distributed power sources, energy storage devices, energy conversion devices, loads, monitoring and protection devices, etc. It realizes the flexible and efficient application of distributed power sources and solves the problem of grid connection of a large number of distributed power sources in various forms. The development and extension of microgrids can fully promote the large-scale access of distributed power sources and renewable energy, realize the highly reliable supply of various energy forms to loads, and is an effective way to realize active distribution networks and transition from traditional power grids to smart grids. In smart grids, due to the access of a large number of distributed energy sources, each user can be both an electricity user and an electricity seller. However, in the traditional way of electricity trading, all electricity usage information is stored in a centralized server, and the user's real identity information is also stored together, which easily leads to the leakage of user electricity usage information. At the same time, a large number of electricity transactions also pose challenges to the security of traditional transmission networks. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to propose a microgrid power dispatching and trading method based on blockchain to protect the privacy data of both parties in the power transaction and the hardware security of the power transmission network. To this end, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that the microgrid power dispatching and trading method based on blockchain first builds an information network based on blockchain technology, the information network includes a super node for identity authentication and blockchain management, and a slave node representing the power seller and user parties, and the following steps are performed in the information network: (1) Each user in the distribution network has its own power consumption and power generation plan. When the user's actual power consumption or power generation deviates from the plan, the user will initiate a transaction. If the power supply is in excess, the user will sell the excess power; if the power consumption is too much, the user will purchase power, thereby helping the user to eliminate the power consumption deviation value; (2) The surrounding users receive the transaction request, calculate the total deviation between the supply and demand of the distribution network, and give a quotation for selling or purchasing power based on the total power supply / power consumption deviation value; (3) The super node collects the quotations of all bidders and sorts the quotation set. In the buyer's market, the effective quotation of the power supplier is The bids are sorted from low to high; in the seller's market, the valid bids of electricity users are sorted from high to low; (4) The bids and offers of users are settled based on the double auction mechanism: first, bids / offers are issued to buyers / sellers based on the double auction mechanism; second, bids and offers are matched in an orderly manner based on the double auction mechanism until the highest bid is lower than the lowest bid. The clearing price is the average price of both buyers and sellers; (5) The distribution network flow is calculated based on the transmission and distribution coefficient. If there is no over-limit condition, the auction result is determined through a safety check; if there is a limit, the auction result will be revised. For each branch in the radial distribution network, the flow flow is from the upstream of the line to the downstream of the line, so only each branch has the possibility of a positive trend; (6) After the safety check, each bidding / quoting user adjusts its electricity consumption according to the safety check results to complete the multilateral transaction settlement between trading entities, and all users settle at the settlement price.

[0007] After the user passes the identity authentication and registers an account, there is only one verification information in the account that does not contain the user's real identity information; the blockchain node records the current status of the blockchain in real time, so that when the super node is damaged, it can be restored from any node; only the super node has the right to modify the blockchain, and the user node can only query its own transaction records; when calculating the optimal power flow problem, the super node and the user node perform alternating calculations and exchange their calculation results with each other. During the calculation process, the user node will not expose its own electricity consumption information.

[0008] Nodes A and B represent electricity buyers and sellers in the blockchain, respectively. Super nodes are nodes set up by power service providers to supervise and manage blockchains. Based on this situation, user nodes apply for transactions to super nodes based on their own electricity consumption and attach quotations. After identity verification, super nodes broadcast transaction applications. Electricity sellers verify after receiving the broadcast. After verification, they submit their own quotations. Super nodes regularly match the quotations in the market, and finally use the average price to settle electricity to obtain a preliminary transaction plan. According to the preliminary transaction plan, super nodes notify user nodes of the calculation results. User nodes solve the optimal power flow problem based on their own electricity consumption information and report the calculation results to super nodes. By repeating this operation, a power flow plan that meets the security requirements of the transmission network is finally obtained. If there is no solution to the optimal power flow problem, it means that the transaction plan is not feasible, so the plan is rejected and the transaction is re-matched.

[0009] The characteristics and beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0010] (1) It is proposed to use the multiplier exchange direction method to solve the power trading results and verify the security of the scheme; at the same time, the user's electricity consumption information is protected by alternating iterations, which can better ensure the security of the user's privacy data in the blockchain; (2) Compared with the general power trading method involving a third party, this method makes the transaction process more convenient, faster and safer through blockchain smart contract technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a microgrid power trading method based on blockchain to protect the privacy data of both parties to the power transaction and the hardware security of the transmission network.

[0013] For such problems, the introduction of blockchain technology can be well solved. Blockchain uses many measures to protect the privacy data of users in blockchain nodes. Taking Bitcoin, the most famous application of blockchain, as an example, by cutting off the connection between the transaction user and the user's real identity, the user can obtain anonymity. Therefore, although the account addresses of both parties of each transfer record can be seen, they cannot be matched to a specific person in the real world.

[0014] At the same time, after obtaining a temporary trading solution, the network power flow is optimized by solving the optimal power flow problem without violating the system constraints. In this field, one of the most commonly used methods for solving decentralized optimization problems is the alternating direction method of multipliers. This method is based on a decomposition and coordination process that allows the definition of local subproblems for each node in the low-voltage network or microgrid. The solutions to these local subproblems are coordinated with each other to solve the big global problem of the entire network.

[0015] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical measures.

[0016] A microgrid power trading method based on blockchain, the method first needs to build an information network based on blockchain technology, the information network includes a super node for identity authentication and blockchain management, and slave nodes A and B representing the power sellers and users. The method includes the following steps: (1) Each user in the distribution network has his own power consumption and power generation plan. When the user's actual power consumption or power generation deviates from the plan, the user will initiate a transaction. If the power supply is in excess, the user can sell the excess power. If the power consumption is excessive, the user can purchase power; (2) The surrounding users receive the transaction request, calculate the total deviation of the supply and demand of the distribution network, and give a bid for selling or buying power according to the total power supply / power consumption deviation value; (3) The super node collects the bids of all bidders and sorts the bid set. In the buyer's market, the valid bids of the power suppliers are sorted from low to high; in the seller's market, the valid bids of the power users are sorted from high to low; (4) The bids and offers of the users are settled based on the double auction mechanism. First, the mechanism sends bids / offers to buyers / sellers. Second, the mechanism matches bids and offers in an orderly manner until the highest bid is lower than the lowest bid. The clearing price is the average price between the buyer and the seller; (5) The distribution network flow is calculated based on the transmission and distribution coefficient. If there is no over-limit condition, the auction result is determined through a safety check; if there is a limit, the auction result will be revised. For each branch in the radial distribution network, the flow flow is from the upstream of the line to the downstream of the line, so only each branch has the possibility of a positive trend; (6) After the safety check is completed, each bidding / quoting user adjusts its electricity consumption according to the safety check results, completes the multilateral transaction settlement between trading entities, and all users settle at the settlement price.

[0017] In the above scheme, after the user passes the identity verification and registers an account, there is only one verification information in the account that does not contain the user's real identity information.

[0018] In the above scheme, the current status of the blockchain is recorded in real time in the blockchain node, so that when the super node is damaged, it can be restored from any node.

[0019] In the above scheme, only super nodes have the right to modify the blockchain, and user nodes can only query their own transaction records.

[0020] In the above scheme, user nodes can be implemented on PCs, mobile terminals, etc., and super nodes can be implemented by setting up servers, etc.

[0021] When calculating the optimal power flow problem, the super node and the user node perform calculations alternately and exchange their calculation results with each other. During the calculation process, the user node will not expose its own power consumption information.

[0022] At this point, blockchain-based users can conduct electricity transactions in a safe and fair environment, and when a transaction plan does not meet the safety standards of the transmission network, the transaction plan can be rejected in a timely manner.

[0023] In the method of the present invention, nodes A and B represent electricity buyers and sellers in the blockchain, respectively. The super node is a node set up by the power service provider to supervise the blockchain and manage the blockchain. Based on this situation, the present invention proposes a new method, in which the user node applies for a transaction to the super node according to its own electricity consumption and attaches a quotation. After obtaining identity verification, the super node broadcasts the transaction application, and the electricity seller verifies it after receiving the broadcast. After passing the verification, it proposes its own quotation. The super node will match the quotation in the market regularly, and finally use the average price to settle the electricity to obtain a preliminary transaction plan. According to the preliminary transaction plan, the super node notifies the user node of the calculation result, and the user node solves the optimal power flow problem according to its own electricity consumption information, and reports the calculation result to the super node. By repeatedly performing this operation, a power flow plan that meets the security requirements of the power transmission network is finally obtained. If the optimal power flow problem has no solution, it means that the transaction plan is not feasible, and the plan is rejected, and the transaction is re-matched.

[0024] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. (Note: The specific examples are only used to better explain the present invention, and the present invention is not only applicable to the following cases.) Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a microgrid power trading method based on blockchain. The method first needs to build an information network based on blockchain technology. This information network includes a super node for identity authentication and blockchain management, and slave nodes A and B representing the power sellers and users. The method includes the following steps: (1) Each user in the distribution network has his own power consumption and power generation plan. When the user's actual power consumption or power generation deviates from the plan, the user will initiate a transaction. If the power supply is in excess, the user can sell the excess power. If the power consumption is too much, the user purchases power. User A finds that his power demand is greater than his power generation, so he applies to the surrounding users for purchase; (2) The surrounding user B receives the transaction request, calculates the total deviation of the supply and demand of the distribution network, and quotes the power seller or buyer according to the total power supply / power consumption deviation value; (3) The super node collects the quotations of all bidders and sorts the quotation set. In the buyer's market, the effective quotations of the power supplier are sorted from low to high; in the seller's market, the effective quotations of the power user are sorted from high to low; (4) The user's bid and bid are settled based on the double auction mechanism. First, the mechanism issues bids / quotes to buyers / sellers. Second, the mechanism matches bids and offers in an orderly manner until the highest bid is lower than the lowest bid. The clearing price is the average price of the buyer and seller. The transaction applications of user A and user B are matched and traded at the same clearing price; (5) The super node and user node calculate the distribution network flow based on the transmission and distribution coefficient. If there is no over-limit condition, the auction result is determined through a security check; if there is a limit, the auction result will be revised; (6) After the security check is completed, each bidding / quoting user adjusts its electricity consumption according to the security check results, completes the multilateral transaction settlement between trading entities, and all users settle at the settlement price.

[0025] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A microgrid power dispatching method based on blockchain, characterized in that: First, an information network based on blockchain technology is built. The information network includes super nodes for identity authentication and blockchain management, and slave nodes representing the electricity sellers and users. The following steps are performed in the information network: (1) Each user in the distribution network has its own electricity consumption and power generation plan. When the user's actual power consumption or power generation deviates from the plan, the user will initiate a transaction. If there is an oversupply of electricity, the user will sell the excess electricity; if there is too much power consumption, the user will purchase electricity, thereby helping the user eliminate the power consumption deviation value; (2) The surrounding users receive the transaction request, calculate the total deviation of the distribution network supply and demand, and give a quotation for selling or purchasing electricity based on the total power supply / power consumption deviation value; (3) The super node collects the bids of all bidders and sorts the bid sets. In the buyer's market, the effective bids of power suppliers are sorted from low to high; in the seller's market, the effective bids of power users are sorted from high to low. (4) The bids and offers of users are settled based on the double auction mechanism: first, bids / offers are issued to buyers / sellers based on the double auction mechanism; second, bids and offers are matched in an orderly manner based on the double auction mechanism until the highest bid is lower than the lowest bid. The clearing price is the average price of both buyers and sellers. (5) The distribution network flow is calculated based on the transmission and distribution coefficient. If there is no over-limit condition, the auction result is determined through a safety check; if there is a limit, the auction result will be revised. For each branch in the radial distribution network, the flow flow is from the upstream of the line to the downstream of the line, so only each branch has the possibility of a positive trend. (6) After the safety inspection is completed, each bidding / quoting user adjusts its own electricity consumption according to the results of the safety inspection, completes the multilateral transaction settlement between trading entities, and all users settle at the settlement price; among them, nodes A and B represent the electricity purchaser and seller in the blockchain respectively, and the super node is a node set up by the power service provider to supervise the blockchain and manage the blockchain; based on this situation, the user node applies for a transaction to the super node based on its own electricity consumption and attaches a quotation. After obtaining identity verification, the super node broadcasts the transaction application. The electricity seller verifies after receiving the broadcast. After passing the verification, it puts forward its own quotation. The super node matches the quotation in the market at a fixed time, and finally settles the electricity at the average price to obtain a preliminary transaction plan. According to the preliminary transaction plan, the super node notifies the user node of the calculation result. The user node solves the optimal power flow problem based on its own electricity consumption information and reports the calculation result to the super node. By repeating this operation, a power flow plan that meets the security requirements of the transmission network is finally obtained. If the optimal power flow problem has no solution, it means that the transaction plan is not feasible. The plan is rejected and the transaction is re-matched.

2. The microgrid power allocation method based on blockchain as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: After the user passes the identity verification and registers an account, there is only one verification information in the account without the user's real identity information; the blockchain node records the current status of the blockchain in real time, so that when the super node is damaged, it can be restored from any node; Only super nodes have the right to modify the blockchain, and user nodes can only query their own transaction records. When calculating the optimal power flow problem, super nodes and user nodes perform calculations alternately and exchange their calculation results with each other. During the calculation process, user nodes will not expose their own electricity consumption information.

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