Processing method for removing toxicity of herba rhizomae haemodesmi
By employing high-pressure steaming and vacuum freeze-drying methods, the problems of removing toxic substances and retaining active ingredients in the processing of Curculigo orchioides have been solved, achieving highly efficient processing of the medicinal material and making it suitable for use as a raw material in health products and food.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- INST OF MEDICINAL PLANTS YUNNAN ACAD OF AGRI SCI
- Filing Date
- 2022-03-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for processing Curculigo orchioides cannot completely remove the toxic substances of lycorine, nor can they retain active ingredients such as curculigo glycosides to the maximum extent, resulting in reduced efficacy and limiting the application of Curculigo orchioides in health products and food ingredients.
A method combining high-pressure steaming and vacuum freeze-drying was adopted. After soaking in rice wine, the curculigo was steamed at high temperature and then freeze-dried at ultra-low temperature. Temperature and pressure were controlled to ensure that the active ingredients of curculigo glycosides were not deactivated and the toxic substances of lycorine were deactivated.
It achieves complete inactivation of lycorine in Curculigo orchioides while preserving active ingredients such as curculigoside to the greatest extent, thus improving the safety and efficacy of the herb and making it suitable for use as a raw material in health products and food.
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Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to a processing method of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and belongs to the field of deep processing of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, in particular to a processing method of traditional Chinese medicine Xianmao. BACKGROUND
[0002] Xianmao is the dried rhizome of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. of the Amaryllidaceae family, mainly produced in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hunan, and also distributed in Southeast Asian countries to Japan. It mainly grows in forests, grasslands or wastelands below an altitude of 1600 meters. Xianmao is pungent and hot in nature, and is toxic, and belongs to the kidney, liver and spleen channels. It has the effects of tonifying kidney yang, strengthening muscles and bones, and eliminating dampness and cold, and is used for treating impotence and cold semen, cold pain in the waist and knees, and cold diarrhea due to yang deficiency.
[0003] Xianmao contains Xianmao glycoside, which is the most important indicator for evaluating the quality of Xianmao medicinal materials, and is also the main indicator for the market price of Xianmao medicinal materials. It has the effects of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune regulation, anti-osteoporosis, kidney tonification and yang tonification, and is currently mainly used in the treatment of impotence and cold semen, flaccid muscles and bones, cold pain in the waist and knees, and cold diarrhea due to yang deficiency. According to modern medical research data and ancient medical records, Xianmao has small toxicity, and its toxic substance is lycorine, which can cause systemic cold sweat, reverse limbs, numbness, tongue swelling, restlessness, and then coma and other toxic reactions,
[0004] Therefore, Xianmao needs to be processed before use, and the purpose of processing is to detoxify and maximize the retention of active substances. However, the current processing method can only reduce the toxicity of Xianmao, but cannot completely remove it. Some processing methods can completely inactivate the toxic component lycorine to detoxify, but also reduce the content of effective components such as Xianmao glycoside in Xianmao medicinal materials, causing a sharp decline in its efficacy. Another part of the processing method can reduce the loss of effective components such as Xianmao glycoside, but can only slightly reduce the content of lycorine in Xianmao. When Xianmao is used as a prescription drug, its toxicity can be controlled within a certain range due to short-term use and strict control of the dosage. However, as the proportion of Xianmao in the health product industry is increasing, if the toxicity cannot be completely removed, the industry of Xianmao as a health raw material or even a food raw material will be greatly hindered.
[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art that the active components such as Xianmao glycoside cannot be maximally retained and the toxic substance lycorine cannot be completely removed, the present application, on the basis of the prior art, combines modern advanced technology to invent a simple process, stable properties, which can completely remove the toxic substance lycorine of Xianmao and maximize the retention of important active substances such as Xianmao glycoside. SUMMARY
[0006] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a processing method for removing the toxicity of Curculigo orchioides, so as to solve the problems in the background art.
[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present application is realized by the following technical scheme:
[0008] 1. Cleaning: take the underground rhizome of Curculigo orchioides, remove the bud head, and clean the surface soil.
[0009] 2. Soaking: after washing the underground rhizome of Curculigo orchioides, drain the water, and soak it in yellow wine with a ratio of 10:1 of Curculigo orchioides to yellow wine, soak for 20-24 hours, and stir every 3-4 hours to facilitate more complete soaking.
[0010] 3. Steaming: after soaking is completed, drain the yellow wine from the underground rhizome of Curculigo orchioides, and place it in a high-pressure steamer at a temperature of 125-128℃ for 15-20 minutes.
[0011] 4. Cooling: after steaming is completed, lay the underground rhizome of Curculigo orchioides flat on a drying tray and cool to room temperature.
[0012] 5. Pre-freezing: place the cooled underground rhizome of Curculigo orchioides in a pre-freezing cabinet, set the temperature to minus 12-15℃, and freeze for 10-12 hours.
[0013] 6. Vacuum freeze-drying: place the pre-frozen underground rhizome of Curculigo orchioides in a vacuum freeze-drying cabinet, set the temperature to minus 45-50℃, vacuumize and maintain the pressure at 10-15 Pa, and freeze-dry for 12-13 hours.
[0014] 7. Heating: after drying is completed, raise the temperature in the vacuum freeze-drying cabinet to room temperature.
[0015] Curculigo orchioides main active ingredients such as curculigoside and flavonoids have the characteristics of being soluble in ethanol and not resistant to high temperature. Yellow wine contains alcohol, and when Curculigo orchioides is fully soaked in yellow wine, the main active ingredients such as curculigoside and flavonoids are dissolved in the alcohol absorbed by the Curculigo orchioides medicinal material. When high temperature is applied, curculigoside remains in the alcohol solution, and the boiling point of alcohol is 78.3℃, which can keep the active ingredients such as curculigoside at 78.3℃ without inactivation during high-temperature steaming. Lycoramine is difficult to dissolve in ethanol and not resistant to high temperature, and its contact temperature is basically the same as the external temperature during high-temperature steaming. Therefore, lycoramine can be inactivated during high-temperature steaming.
[0016] The existing processing technology of Curculigo orchioides is generally steaming under normal pressure, and the temperature is kept at most at 100 DEG C. With the change of steaming site, the temperature will also have a greater fluctuation. At the same time, when steaming under normal pressure, the time is short, and the lycoramine cannot be completely inactivated. If the time is prolonged, the alcohol in Curculigo orchioides will volatilize, and the curculigoside will also be inactivated to a certain extent. When frying, the corresponding situation also exists. The superhigh temperature and high pressure condition adopted in the present application can greatly reduce the loss of alcohol absorbed into Curculigo orchioides, and can also make the lycoramine inactivate faster. The control of temperature, pressure and time is the key to retaining the active ingredients such as curculigoside and completely inactivating the toxic substances of lycoramine.
[0017] At the same time, drying is also carried out under high temperature conditions. Generally, Curculigo orchioides needs to be baked for at least 24 hours under the condition of 70 DEG C. Long time high temperature will also cause the loss of active ingredients such as curculigoside and flavone to a certain extent. The freeze low temperature drying is to use superlow temperature vacuum to sublimate water, which will not affect the active ingredients such as curculigoside and flavone, and can completely retain the medicinal effect of Curculigo orchioides in the final stage of processing.
[0018] The present application has the following beneficial effects:
[0019] 1. The high pressure steamer is used for steaming in the present application, and the steaming temperature and time can be accurately controlled, and the subjective influence of frying process on fire and the frying person in the traditional processing method is reduced.
[0020] 2. The modern superhigh temperature steaming technology is used in the present application, which can completely inactivate the toxic ingredient lycoramine of Curculigo orchioides, and on the other hand, the steaming time is shortened, and the loss of the characteristic active ingredient curculigoside in the steaming process is reduced.
[0021] 3. The existing drying technology of Curculigo orchioides is generally drying or drying in the sun. The drying in the sun has the defects of long time, great influence of climate and easy to be affected by the environment. The temperature of the drying is generally 60-70 DEG C, and the time is 48 hours, which reduces the content of curculigoside in Curculigo orchioides to a certain extent, thereby reducing the quality of medicinal materials. The modern freeze drying technology is used in the present application, and neither curculigoside nor other active substances in Curculigo orchioides will be affected, and the medicinal effect of Curculigo orchioides is retained to the greatest extent. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] The present application is further illustrated by the following examples. The yellow rice wine used in the present application can be purchased from the market or brewed by oneself. The fermentation raw materials are glutinous rice and wheat, and the mass ratio is 3:1. The wine starter is red koji. The purchased yellow rice wine is detected before use, and the alcohol content is 11%vol, the total sugar (calculated by glucose) is 50.45 g / L, the non-sugar solid is 22.5 g / L, and the amino acid nitrogen is 0.5 g / L.
[0023] Example 1
[0024] 1. Cleaning: Take the underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides planted in Qiubei County, Yunnan Province, remove the buds, clean the surface soil, and retain the fibrous roots.
[0025] 2. Moistening: After washing the underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides, drain the water and mix them with rice wine at a ratio of 10:1 by weight. Moisten for 20 hours, stirring every 3 to 4 hours during this period to ensure thorough moistening.
[0026] 3. Steaming: After the underground rhizomes of the Curculigo orchioides have been soaked and drained of rice wine, they are placed in a pressure steamer and steamed at 125℃ for 20 minutes.
[0027] 4. Cooling: After steaming, spread the underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides on a drying tray and cool to room temperature.
[0028] 5. Pre-freezing: Place the cooled underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides in a pre-freezing cabinet, set the temperature to -12°C, and freeze for 12 hours.
[0029] 6. Vacuum freeze-drying: Place the pre-frozen underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides in a vacuum drying freezer, set the temperature to -45°C, evacuate and maintain it at 10~15 Pa, and freeze-dry for 12 hours.
[0030] 7. Heating: After drying is complete, heat the product to room temperature in a vacuum drying freezer.
[0031] Example 2
[0032] 1. Cleaning: Take the underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides from Qiubei County, Yunnan Province, remove the buds, clean the surface soil, and retain the fibrous roots.
[0033] 2. Moistening: After washing the underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides, drain the water and mix them with rice wine at a ratio of 10:1 by weight. Moisten for 24 hours, stirring once every 4 hours during this period to ensure thorough moistening.
[0034] 3. Steaming: After the underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides have been moistened and drained of rice wine, they are placed in a pressure steamer and steamed at 128℃ for 15 minutes.
[0035] 4. Cooling: After steaming, spread the underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides on a drying tray and cool to room temperature.
[0036] 5. Pre-freezing: Place the cooled underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides in a pre-freezing cabinet, set the temperature to -15°C, and freeze for 10 hours.
[0037] 6. Vacuum freeze drying: Place the pre-frozen underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides in a vacuum drying freezer, set the temperature to -50°C, evacuate and maintain it at 10~15 Pa, and freeze dry for 13 hours.
[0038] 7. Heating: After drying is complete, heat the product to room temperature in a vacuum drying freezer.
[0039] Comparative Example 1
[0040] 1. Cleaning: Take the underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides from Qiubei County, Yunnan Province, remove the buds, clean the surface soil, and retain the fibrous roots.
[0041] 2. Moistening: After washing the underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides, drain the water and mix them with rice wine at a ratio of 10:1 by weight. Moisten for 24 hours, stirring once every 4 hours during this period to ensure thorough moistening.
[0042] 3. Steaming: After the underground rhizomes of the Curculigo orchioides have been moistened and drained of rice wine, place them in a steamer and steam for 2 hours at the natural boiling point temperature.
[0043] 4. Drying: Place the steamed underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides in an oven and dry them at 70°C for 48 hours.
[0044] Comparative Example 2
[0045] 1. Cleaning: Take the underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides from Qiubei County, Yunnan Province, remove the buds, clean the surface soil, and retain the fibrous roots.
[0046] 2. Moistening: After washing the underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides, drain the water and mix them with rice wine at a ratio of 10:1 by weight. Moisten for 24 hours, stirring once every 4 hours during this period to ensure thorough moistening.
[0047] 3. Stir-frying: After the underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides have been moistened, stir-fry them in a wok until the surface moisture is completely dry.
[0048] 4. Drying: Place the stir-fried underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides in an oven and dry them at 70°C for 48 hours.
[0049] Comparative Example 3
[0050] 1. Cleaning: Take the underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides from Qiubei County, Yunnan Province, remove the buds, clean the surface soil, and retain the fibrous roots.
[0051] 2. Moistening: After washing the underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides, drain the water and mix them with rice wine at a ratio of 10:1 by weight. Moisten for 24 hours, stirring once every 4 hours during this period to ensure thorough moistening.
[0052] 3. Drying: Place the moistened underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides in an oven and dry them at 70℃ for 48 hours.
[0053] Comparative Example 4
[0054] 1. Cleaning: Take the underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides from Qiubei County, Yunnan Province, remove the buds, clean the surface soil, and retain the fibrous roots.
[0055] 2. Drying: Place the cleaned underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides in an oven and dry them at 70℃ for 48 hours.
[0056] Table 1 shows the effect comparison of the above embodiments and comparative examples. It can be seen that under the technical solution of the present invention, the effective components of Curculigo orchioides are retained to the greatest extent, and the corresponding harmful substances are removed.
[0057] Table 1. Comparison of effects under different embodiments and comparative examples.
Claims
1. A method for removing the toxicity of Curculigo orchioides, characterized by the following steps: (1) Cleaning: Take the underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides and wash them clean of the soil; (2) Moistening: Place the washed underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides in rice wine to moisten; (3) Steaming: Place the moistened underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides in a pressure steamer for steaming; (4) Cooling: Cool the steamed underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides to room temperature; (5) Pre-freezing: Place the cooled underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides in a pre-freezing cabinet for low-temperature freezing; (6) Vacuum freeze drying: The underground rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides that have been pre-frozen are dried in a vacuum freezer at ultra-low temperature; (7) Heating: After freeze-drying is completed, heat the freezer to room temperature; In step (2), the mass ratio of the curculigo orchioides to the rice wine used for soaking is 10:1, and the soaking time is 20-24 hours. The steaming temperature in step (3) is 125~138℃ and the steaming time is 15~20min.
2. The method for removing the toxicity of Curculigo orchioides according to claim 1, characterized in that... The pre-freezing temperature in step (5) is -12 to -15°C, and the pre-freezing time is 10 to 12 hours.
3. The method for removing the toxicity of Curculigo orchioides according to claim 1, characterized in that... The vacuum freeze-drying temperature in step (6) is -45 to -50°C, the vacuum is maintained at 10 to 15 Pa, and the freeze-drying time is 12 to 13 hours.