Fuel cell cooling system hardware-in-the-loop test platform and model building method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of fuel cell testing, and specifically to a fuel cell cooling system hardware-in-the-loop test platform and a model construction method. The fuel cell cooling system simulation model in the fuel cell cooling system hardware-in-the-loop test platform provided divides the cooling system into a number of cavities, and forms a series loop with the cavities. The model created is more in line with the continuous change process of the actual temperature; the simulation model built by this implementation is more streamlined and the construction method is simpler; and, in this embodiment, the fuel cell cooling system control algorithm is burned into the fuel cell controller, so that the fuel cell controller is connected to the test platform for testing, which improves the authenticity of the algorithm operation carrier. In addition, the test platform of this embodiment can simulate the simulated output of engine parts, and can also connect to the output of real parts. It can be selected and applied according to the test requirements. Under the condition that a real engine bench is not required, the test range is broadened, the test cost is reduced, and the test risk is eliminated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of fuel cells, and in particular to a hardware-in-the-loop test platform and a model building method for a fuel cell cooling system. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cells are highly efficient and pollution-free energy conversion devices that convert chemical energy stored in hydrogen into electrical energy and supply it to external loads. The temperature control of the fuel cell engine coolant directly affects the performance output and life of the fuel cell engine, so the fuel cell temperature control algorithm test requires a high coverage to ensure that the coolant temperature is accurately controlled when the fuel cell engine is working.

[0003] In the prior art, the algorithm is usually tested using a real fuel cell engine. Due to factors such as environment, safety, and cost, firstly, it is impossible to achieve sudden changes in ambient temperature, and the test coverage is low, resulting in insufficient algorithm verification and hidden dangers for practical applications. Secondly, the real bench test has a narrow test range, a long test period, and high costs. In addition, when testing the cooling system control algorithm on a real bench, firstly, it is difficult to reproduce engine cooling system faults, and the fault diagnosis and processing verification of the control algorithm is not comprehensive. Secondly, there is a risk of damaging the engine and safety when reproducing faults on a real bench. Or if only a computer is used for software simulation testing, it is impossible to test the algorithm on the real running carrier, and the test results are inaccurate. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a fuel cell cooling system hardware-in-the-loop test platform and a model building method, which can more realistically and comprehensively verify the fuel cell cooling system control algorithm, reduce testing costs, and broaden the test scope.

[0005] An embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell cooling system hardware-in-the-loop test platform, the hardware-in-the-loop test platform comprising:

[0006] A simulation host for running a fuel cell cooling system simulation model; the fuel cell cooling system simulation model divides the cooling system into a plurality of cavity models, and the plurality of cavity models are connected by coolant flow;

[0007] An I / O interface device is used for signal and data exchange with the fuel cell controller; the hardware-in-the-loop test platform is connected to the fuel cell controller through the I / O interface device for signal transmission, and the cooling system control algorithm runs on the fuel cell controller.

[0008] The plurality of cavity models include a battery stack model, a water pump model, a thermostat model, a radiator model and a pipeline model, wherein the battery stack model, the water pump model, the thermostat model, the radiator model and the pipeline model are connected in series according to the coolant to form a closed loop;

[0009] Furthermore, the hardware-in-the-loop device further includes:

[0010] Test case device: used to provide test cases written in whole or at least in part for the cooling system control algorithm;

[0011] Real-time processing device: used for real-time processing of received signals;

[0012] Display control device: used to display monitoring information and send response control commands;

[0013] Signal simulation device: used to simulate the sensor signals required for the fuel cell;

[0014] The simulation host receives the signal from the test case device and / or the display control device to perform calculations, and outputs the calculation results to the display control device and the real-time processing device; the real-time processing device interacts the processed signal with the signal simulation device and the fuel cell controller through the I / O interface device;

[0015] The I / O interface device, the signal simulation device, and the display control device are respectively connected to the fuel cell controller for data exchange, so as to verify the cooling system control algorithm in the fuel cell controller for adjusting the coolant temperature.

[0016] Furthermore, the hardware-in-the-loop test platform also includes a fault injection device: for simulating a fuel cell cooling system fault;

[0017] The fault injection device performs simulated fault processing on the signal transmitted by the real-time processing device by connecting to the I / O interface device, and interacts with the fuel cell controller to verify the fault diagnosis and processing algorithm of the fuel cell cooling system.

[0018] Furthermore, the display control device includes an output module for outputting a detection report of a fuel cell cooling system in the fuel cell controller.

[0019] As another aspect of the present invention, a fuel cell cooling system hardware-in-the-loop testing method is also provided, the method comprising:

[0020] Burn the fuel cell cooling system control algorithm into the fuel cell controller;

[0021] Connecting the I / O interface device in any one of the above fuel cell cooling system hardware-in-the-loop test platforms with the fuel cell controller to perform data exchange;

[0022] The display control device in the hardware-in-the-loop test platform is triggered to adjust the working environment and working parameters of the fuel cell. The display control device sends a control command, and the simulation host calls the test case corresponding to the control command in the test case device to run the fuel cell cooling system simulation model in the simulation host;

[0023] Verify the cooling system control algorithm to adjust the coolant temperature;

[0024] Output test report.

[0025] As another aspect of the present invention, a model building method for any of the above-mentioned fuel cell cooling system hardware-in-the-loop test platforms is also provided, and the model building method comprises:

[0026] Collect and analyze operating data of the fuel cell engine cooling system during a preset period of time;

[0027] Combined with the characteristics of fuel cell components and stacks, a physical simulation model was built using Matlab software;

[0028] The physical simulation model is generated into a cooling system simulation model running on the fuel cell cooling system hardware-in-the-loop test platform by using compilation software, and the cooling system simulation model is downloaded to the simulation device. The cooling system simulation model divides the fuel cell cooling system into a plurality of cavities, and the plurality of cavities are connected in series in sequence through the flow of coolant to form a closed loop.

[0029] Furthermore, the several cavity models include a battery stack model, a water pump model, a thermostat model, a radiator model and a pipeline model.

[0030] Further, the pipeline model construction method includes: setting a first preset numerical table according to the temperature difference between the coolant temperature and the working environment temperature, and determining the coolant temperature variation coefficient passing through the cooling pipeline according to the first preset numerical table and the pipeline length;

[0031] The water pump model construction method comprises: obtaining a second preset digital table for flow setting through a real test bench, and obtaining the flow of each branch by looking up the second preset digital table according to the water pump speed and the thermostat opening;

[0032] The method for creating the radiator model includes:

[0033] Calibrate the connection relationship and running quantity of the configured fans, wherein the connection relationship includes series connection or parallel connection;

[0034] The radiator model calculates the fan outlet temperature by formula (1-1) and formula (1-2);

[0035] Q cool.inf an =Wcool.infan C w T in.fan Formula (1-1);

[0036]

[0037] T in.fan : The temperature of the coolant entering the fan; W cool.infan : Coolant flow into the fan; C w : Specific heat capacity of coolant; T fanout.n(l.n) : Fan outlet temperature; V fan : fan coolant volume; ρ w : Coolant density; Q fan : Fan heat dissipation, obtained by checking the preset third preset table through radiator speed, flow rate, air temperature difference, Q radi : Natural heat dissipation, obtained by checking the fourth preset table through the gas-liquid temperature difference and the coolant flow rate, Q cool.infan Brings heat from the fan to the coolant;

[0038] When the radiator is placed on the windward side of the vehicle, the natural heat dissipation of the radiator increases, and the vehicle speed is multiplied by the coefficient k. Vspd , the k Vspd It is obtained by fitting according to actual test;

[0039] The method for creating the thermostat model includes: using the thermostat as a cavity for distributing and mixing large and small circulation flows in a cooling system, and the thermostat model calculates the temperature of the thermostat outlet through formula (2-1), formula (2-2), formula (2-3) and formula (2-4);

[0040] Q min =W min C w T st.out k radi Formula (2-1)

[0041] Qma x=W max C w T fan.out k radi Formula (2-2)

[0042]

[0043] T st.in =T ETP.out K radi Formula (2-4)

[0044] Where: Q min : Small cycle heat; Q max : Large cycle heat; Wmin : Small circulation flow; W max : Large circulation flow; T ETP.Out : Thermostat outlet temperature.

[0045] Furthermore, the stack temperature is set to the coolant outlet temperature, and the stack model calculates the coolant outlet temperature by formula (3-1), formula (3-2) and formula (3-3);

[0046]

[0047] Q st =N cell I st (1.25-V st / N cell )K st Formula (3-2)

[0048] Q cool =W st C w (T st.out -T st.in ) Formula (3-3)

[0049] Among them, T st.out : Stack outlet temperature; C st : specific heat capacity of the battery stack; t s : Delay time; Q st : Temperature change caused by heating of the battery stack; Q cool : heat removed by the coolant; N cell : Number of cells in the battery stack; I st : Stack current; V st : Stack voltage; K st : Correction coefficient of heat generation of the stack due to liquid water, determined by experimental fitting; W st : Stack coolant flow rate; C w : Specific heat capacity of coolant; T st.in : Stack inlet temperature.

[0050] Furthermore, the output state of the battery stack model is the input state of the water pump model, and the output state of the water pump model is the input state of the radiator model; the output state of the radiator model is the input state of the thermostat model, and the output state of the thermostat model is the input state of the battery stack model.

[0051] The beneficial effects of the present invention include, at least in part:

[0052] The fuel cell cooling system simulation model in the fuel cell cooling system hardware-in-the-loop test platform provided by the embodiment of the present invention divides the cooling system into several cavities, and forms a series loop with several cavities. The model created is more in line with the continuous change process of the actual temperature; the simulation model built by this implementation is more streamlined and the construction method is simpler; moreover, this embodiment burns the fuel cell cooling system control algorithm into the fuel cell controller, so that the fuel cell controller is connected to the test platform for testing, which improves the authenticity of the algorithm operation carrier. In addition, the test platform of this embodiment can simulate the simulated output of engine parts, and can also connect to the output of real parts. It can be selected and applied according to the test requirements. Without the need for a real engine test bench, it broadens the test scope, reduces the test cost, and eliminates the test risk.

[0053] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, preferred embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0055] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the connection of the simulation model of the fuel cell cooling system according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 2 The figure shows a schematic diagram of a hardware-in-the-loop test platform for a fuel cell cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 3 The figure is a flow chart of a hardware-in-the-loop test method for a cooling system control algorithm according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 4 Shown is a flow chart of a method for constructing a fuel cell cooling system model according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0060] In order to explain the technical content, achieved objectives and effects of the present invention in detail, the following is an explanation in combination with the embodiments and accompanying drawings. In the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features of the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0061] Combined with Figure 1 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell cooling system hardware-in-the-loop test platform A, which is mainly used to test the cooling system control algorithm that adjusts the temperature of the coolant according to the actual working conditions, and judge whether the algorithm logic is reasonable and whether the code is correct; the hardware-in-the-loop test platform includes:

[0062] A simulation host 1 for running a fuel cell cooling system simulation model; the fuel cell cooling system simulation model divides the cooling system into a plurality of cavity models, and the plurality of cavity models are connected by the flow of coolant;

[0063] An I / O interface device is used for signal and data exchange with the fuel cell controller; the hardware-in-the-loop test platform is connected to the fuel cell controller through the I / O interface device for signal transmission, and the cooling system control algorithm runs on the fuel cell controller.

[0064] The several cavity models include a battery stack model 11, a water pump model 12, a thermostat model 13, a radiator model 14 and a pipeline model 15. The battery stack model 11, the water pump model 12, the thermostat model 13, the radiator model 14 and the pipeline model 15 are connected in series according to the coolant to form a closed loop.

[0065] In this embodiment, the cooling system is used to cool a hydrogen fuel cell engine, which is a power generation system that directly converts the chemical energy of hydrogen fuel and oxidant into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction; Figure 1As shown, several temperature sensors can also be set in the model, such as the stack inlet temperature sensor T1; the stack outlet temperature sensor T2; the radiator outlet temperature sensor T3; the ambient temperature sensor T4; simulate the operation of the cooling system in the real scene, and realize the generation of the HIL (hardware in the loop test equipment) simulation model of the fuel cell engine cooling system. The operation mode of the fuel cell cooling system that conforms to the real temperature continuous change process can be simulated on the HIL, wherein the thermostat is a three-way electronic valve body that adjusts the circulating water flow of the stack; the radiator refers to the automobile cooling system, and the radiator in the fuel cell water cooling system is composed of three parts: the water inlet chamber, the water outlet chamber, the main plate and the radiator core. It can be composed of one or more independent radiator modules, each heat dissipation module independently controls the speed and can be adjusted, and the radiator can also include several fans; the present implementation writes the cooling system control algorithm into the fuel cell controller, which is mainly used to adjust the temperature of the coolant according to the actual working conditions; the test platform of this embodiment can combine the influence of external heat absorption and heat release on the change of coolant temperature, and more realistically and comprehensively verify the control algorithm of the fuel cell cooling system, reduce the test cost, and broaden the test scope.

[0066] Moreover, in this embodiment, the algorithms in each cavity model are optimized to be more streamlined and easier to build; the hardware-in-the-loop platform can simulate the output of engine components and can also connect to the output of real components, and select the application based on the test requirements.

[0067] In one embodiment, in combination Figure 2 The hardware-in-the-loop test platform includes: a simulation host 1 for running a fuel cell cooling system simulation model; a test case device 2 for providing test cases that are fully or at least partially written for a cooling system control algorithm; a display control device 3 for displaying monitoring information and sending response control commands; a real-time processing device 4 for real-time processing of received signals; an I / O interface device 5 for signal and data interaction with a fuel cell controller; a signal simulation device 6 for simulating sensor signals required for simulating fuel cells; the simulation host 1 receives signals from the test case device 2 and / or the display control device 3 for calculation, and outputs the calculation results to the display control device and the real-time processing device 4; the real-time processing device 4 interacts the processed signals with the signal simulation device 6 and the fuel cell controller 7 through the I / O interface device 5; the I / O interface device 5, the signal simulation device 6, and the display control device 3 are respectively connected to the fuel cell controller 7 for data interaction, so as to realize the verification of the cooling system control algorithm in the fuel cell controller 7.

[0068] The fuel cell controller may be a FCU (Fule Cell Control Unit).

[0069] Preferably, the hardware-in-the-loop test platform also includes a fault injection device: used to simulate a fuel cell cooling system fault; the fault injection device simulates fault processing on the signal transmitted by the real-time processing device 4 by connecting to the I / O interface device, and interacts with the fuel cell controller 7 to verify the fault diagnosis and processing algorithm of the cooling system control algorithm.

[0070] In this embodiment, the problems of difficulty in reproducing engine cooling system faults and incomplete verification of fault diagnosis and processing of control algorithms are overcome, thus avoiding engine damage and safety risks when reproducing faults on a real test bench.

[0071] Preferably, the real-time processing device 4 is connected to the display control device 3 , and the data processed by the real-time processing device 4 is synchronously displayed on the display control device 3 .

[0072] Preferably, the simulation host 1 is a lower computer for running the fuel cell cooling system simulation model, which can run the fuel cell cooling system simulation model, identify the fuel cell working environment and working parameters, and realize offline simulation. The fuel cell cooling system simulation model can be built through a server using Matlab software, compiled and downloaded to the simulation host to run the model.

[0073] Preferably, the display control device 3 is connected to the simulation host 1, the real-time processing device 4, and the fuel cell controller 7, and is used to display monitoring information and send response control commands. Preferably, the display control device 3 includes an output module for outputting a detection report of the cooling system control algorithm in the fuel cell controller. The display control device 3 can be a touch screen device, or the control command can be input by other methods.

[0074] Preferably, the display control device 3 further includes an input control device, and the input control device includes a touch screen, a mouse and / or a keyboard.

[0075] In this embodiment, the test platform is an integrated installation, and different models may be adjusted according to different needs, which are not listed one by one in this article. In this embodiment, the fuel cell cooling system simulation model is run through the simulation host 1. The test case device 2 is a specific test case written for all or part of the cooling system control algorithm, which can be repeatedly called and used during testing; the test case device 2 is mainly used to simulate the actual operating conditions of the fuel cell cooling system, input the test case to the simulation host, and obtain the response parameters of the fuel cell cooling system control algorithm; the display control device 3 displays the information required for the test and controls the hardware-in-the-loop platform; the real-time processing device 4 processes the received signal in real time; the I / O interface device 5 is a signal and data interaction interface between the hardware-in-the-loop platform and the fuel cell controller 7; the signal simulation device 6 can simulate the sensor signals required for the simulation fuel cell cooling system; the fault injection device is used to simulate the fuel cell cooling system fault.

[0076] The cooling system control algorithm is burned into the fuel cell controller 7, and is connected with the I / O interface device 5, the fault injection device, the signal simulation device 6, and the display control device 3 to perform data interaction to verify whether the control algorithm meets the expected development and robustness. This solves the problems of time-consuming, dangerous, narrow test range, and high cost in the development process of the cooling system control algorithm.

[0077] In one embodiment, in combination Figure 3 As shown, a fuel cell cooling system hardware-in-the-loop testing method is provided, the method comprising:

[0078] S11 burns the fuel cell cooling system control algorithm into the fuel cell controller;

[0079] S12 connects the I / O interface device in any of the above fuel cell cooling system hardware-in-the-loop test platforms with the fuel cell controller to perform data exchange;

[0080] S13 triggers the display control device in the hardware-in-the-loop test platform to adjust the working environment and working parameters of the fuel cell, the display control device sends a control command, the simulation host calls the test case corresponding to the control command in the test case device, and runs the fuel cell cooling system simulation model in the simulation host;

[0081] S14 verifies the cooling system control algorithm for adjusting the coolant temperature;

[0082] S15 outputs the test report.

[0083] The method of testing the fuel cell cooling control algorithm based on the hardware-in-the-loop platform in this embodiment solves the problems of being unable to realize sudden changes in ambient temperature when the cooling system control algorithm is tested on a real bench, and having a long test period and high costs.

[0084] In one embodiment, in combination Figure 4 As shown, a model building method for the above-mentioned fuel cell cooling system hardware-in-the-loop test platform is provided, and the model building method comprises:

[0085] S21 collects and analyzes operation data of a fuel cell engine cooling system during a preset period of time;

[0086] S22 combines the fuel cell components and stack characteristics and uses Matlab software to build a physical simulation model;

[0087] S23 uses compilation software to generate the physical simulation model into a cooling system simulation model running on the fuel cell cooling system hardware-in-the-loop test platform, and downloads the cooling system simulation model to the simulation device. The cooling system simulation model divides the fuel cell cooling system into a plurality of cavities, and the plurality of cavities are connected in series in turn through the flow of coolant to form a closed loop.

[0088] Since the temperature change of the engine coolant comes from the absorption and release of heat from the outside, the ambient temperature affects the heat dissipation of the engine coolant and the engine operating conditions affect the temperature rise of the coolant. This embodiment divides the cooling system into different cavity models, and connects each cavity model in series according to the coolant flow direction to form a closed loop, thereby truly restoring the operation mode of the cooling system and being able to implement a test set with sudden changes in ambient temperature to improve the test coverage.

[0089] In this embodiment, the operation data of the fuel cell engine cooling system is collected, and a fuel cell cooling system simulation model is established on the hardware-in-the-loop platform through a mathematical model, wherein the collection and analysis can be performed by the developer, or automatically by a data acquisition device. Preferably, a preset period can be set according to different states of the engine, such as 5 months, 3 months, etc. The model of this embodiment can be built by a computer, compiled and downloaded to the simulation host to run the model, compiled according to the test platform compilation software, and downloaded to the lower computer for testing to determine whether the model runs normally and meets the design expectations.

[0090] In one embodiment, the plurality of cavity models include a battery stack model, a water pump model, a thermostat model, a radiator model and a pipeline model.

[0091] In this embodiment, the engine cooling system can be divided into several cavities (including: battery stack, water pump, thermostat, radiator, and pipelines), and all coolants can be associated and modeled through the flow of coolant. Figure 1 As shown, the outlet state of the coolant in the previous chamber is the state of the inlet of the next connected chamber, thus forming a loop to link the various models.

[0092] In this embodiment, the cavity outlet temperature can be calculated according to the calculation formula Q=mC△T (Q energy, m mass, C specific heat, △T temperature change). Since the engine cooling system is a closed loop, the outlet temperature of one cavity is the inlet temperature of the downstream cavity, and finally the entire cooling system is formed. The coolant flows in different cavities accompanied by heat absorption and heat release processes.

[0093] In one embodiment, the pipeline model construction method includes: setting a first preset table according to the temperature difference between the coolant temperature and the working environment temperature, and determining the temperature change coefficient of the coolant passing through the cooling pipeline according to the first preset table and the pipeline length; in this embodiment, since the cooling pipeline performs convection heat dissipation and radiation heat dissipation according to the temperature difference between the coolant temperature and the working environment temperature, a MAP table lookup is performed through the temperature difference to obtain the temperature change coefficient of the coolant passing through the pipeline. When the pipeline is short, the temperature change of the coolant passing through the pipeline can be ignored, and it is considered that there is no temperature change of the coolant passing through the pipeline.

[0094] In one embodiment, the water pump model construction method includes: obtaining a second preset table for flow setting through a real test bench, and querying the second preset table with the water pump speed and the thermostat opening to obtain the flow of each branch; in this embodiment, the water pump and the thermostat are used to provide and distribute the cooling system flow, and the data comes from the real test bench, and the MAP (second preset table) is consulted with the water pump speed and the thermostat opening to obtain the flow of each branch; the flow of each branch is directly obtained by the real test bench, which is equivalent to directly writing it into the MAP.

[0095] In one embodiment, the method for creating the radiator model includes:

[0096] Calibrate the connection relationship and running quantity of the configured fans, wherein the connection relationship includes series connection or parallel connection;

[0097] The radiator model calculates the fan outlet temperature by formula (1-1) and formula (1-2);

[0098] Q cool.inf an =W cool.infan C w T in.fan Formula (1-1);

[0099]

[0100] T in.fan : The temperature of the coolant entering the fan; W cool.infan : Coolant flow into the fan; C w : Specific heat capacity of coolant; T fanout.n(l.n) : Fan outlet temperature; V fan : fan coolant volume; ρw : Coolant density; Q fan : Fan heat dissipation, obtained by checking the preset third preset table through radiator speed, flow rate, air temperature difference, Q radi : Natural heat dissipation, obtained by checking the fourth preset table through the gas-liquid temperature difference and the coolant flow rate, Q cool.infan Brings heat from the fan to the coolant;

[0101] When the radiator is placed on the windward side of the vehicle, the natural heat dissipation of the radiator increases, and the vehicle speed is multiplied by the coefficient k. Vspd , the k Vspd It is obtained by fitting according to actual test;

[0102] In this embodiment, the fan is a plurality of independently controllable fans connected in series or in parallel (configured as N fans), and the number of fans can be configured by calibration; the heat dissipation of the radiator is proportional to the coolant flow rate and the gas-liquid temperature difference and the radiator speed (a group of radiator heat dissipation is tested at a certain temperature); among them, for fans connected in series, the outlet temperature of the previous fan is the inlet temperature of the next fan, and so on, the outlet temperature of the last fan is the outlet temperature of the entire fan, and the outlet temperatures of the two fans of the parallel fan are mixed and calculated (the default is that the two flows are evenly distributed) T fanout =(Tout1+Tout2) / 2, the calculated water temperature is the overall fan outlet temperature.

[0103] In this embodiment, the method for creating the thermostat model includes: using the thermostat as a cavity for distributing and mixing large and small circulation flows in the cooling system, the thermostat model calculates the temperature of the thermostat outlet through formula (2-1), formula (2-2), formula (2-3) and formula (2-4);

[0104] Q min =W min C w T st.out k radi Formula (2-1);

[0105] Q max =W max C w T fan.out k radi Formula (2-2);

[0106]

[0107] T st.in =T ETP.out K radi Formula (2-4);

[0108] Where: Q min: Small cycle heat; Q max : Large cycle heat; W min : Small circulation flow; W max : Large circulation flow; T ETP.Out : Thermostat outlet temperature.

[0109] In this embodiment, the thermostat serves as a cooling system, a cavity for the distribution of large and small circulation flows, and a cavity for mixing large and small circulations, and the inlet temperature of the fuel cell stack comes from here. K radi It is the natural heat dissipation coefficient of the coolant passing through the pipeline (obtained by looking up the table of the gas-liquid temperature difference and the pipeline length).

[0110] In one embodiment, the stack temperature is set to the coolant outlet temperature, and the stack model calculates the coolant outlet temperature by formula (3-1), formula (3-2) and formula (3-3);

[0111]

[0112] Q st =N cell I st (1.25-V st / N cell )K st Formula (3-2);

[0113] Q cool =W st C w (T st.out -T st.in ) formula (3-3);

[0114] Among them, T st.out : Stack outlet temperature; C st : specific heat capacity of the battery stack; t s : Delay time; Q st : Temperature change caused by heating of the battery stack; Q cool : heat removed by the coolant; N cell : Number of cells in the battery stack; I st : Stack current; V st : Stack voltage; K st : Correction coefficient of heat generation of the stack due to liquid water, determined by experimental fitting; W st : Stack coolant flow rate; C w : Specific heat capacity of coolant; T st.in : Stack inlet temperature.

[0115] In this embodiment, the stack outlet temperature calculation may include:

[0116] According to the thermal balance, the temperature rise of the battery stack is: the heat generated by the battery stack Q st、Coolant takes away heat Q cool , radiant heat dissipation Q cond , natural heat dissipation Q radi .

[0117]

[0118] The temperature change caused by the heating of the battery stack can be seen in formula (3-2). Under ideal conditions, the water generated by the battery stack reaction exists in the form of water vapor, and the single-chip voltage is 1.25V. In reality, there is liquid water, so the heating of the battery stack needs to be multiplied by the coefficient K. st .

[0119] Since the thermal melt of the battery stack is relatively large, the effects of radiation heat dissipation and natural heat dissipation on it are small and can be ignored, or can be measured experimentally. The final approximate battery stack temperature is the coolant outlet temperature obtained by formula (3-1).

[0120] In one embodiment, the output state of the battery stack model is the input state of the water pump model, and the output state of the water pump model is the input state of the radiator model; the output state of the radiator model is the input state of the thermostat model, and the output state of the thermostat model is the input state of the battery stack model.

[0121] Through the above embodiment, after the model is established, the code is generated and downloaded to the HIL lower computer, and connected to the FCU through the IO interface to verify the control algorithm of the fuel cell engine cooling system. Each cavity model is applied in an associated manner, that is, each model represents a chamber, and the output state of each chamber is used as the input state of the next chamber; the model supports online modification, ambient temperature, volume of each chamber, number of cells in the stack, and number of radiators.

[0122] According to the test requirements, the HIL platform can configure the performance parameters, environmental parameters, engine parameters and operating conditions of different components to verify whether the logic of the algorithm is reasonable and expected, and its robustness; compared with the actual engine bench test, the HIL test range is broadened, and it can provide more intense test conditions and simulate more stringent test environments; compared with pure software simulation testing, HIL is more realistic and more realistic.

[0123] In several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed device can also be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings show the possible architecture, functions and operations of the devices, methods and computer program products according to multiple embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each box in the flowchart or block diagram can represent a module, a program segment or a part of a code, and the module, a program segment or a part of a code contains one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the box can also occur in a different order from the order marked in the accompanying drawings. For example, two consecutive boxes can actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they can sometimes be executed in the opposite order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each box in the block diagram and / or flowchart, and the combination of boxes in the block diagram and / or flowchart can be implemented with a dedicated hardware-based system that performs a specified function or action, or can be implemented with a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0124] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0125] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that similar numbers and letters represent similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in the subsequent drawings.

[0126] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A model construction method for a fuel cell cooling system hardware-in-the-loop test platform, characterized in that: The hardware-in-the-loop test platform includes: A simulation host for running a simulation model of a fuel cell cooling system; The fuel cell cooling system simulation model divides the cooling system into a plurality of cavity models, and the plurality of cavity models are connected by the flow of coolant; An I / O interface device for signal and data interaction with a fuel cell controller; The plurality of cavity models include a battery stack model, a water pump model, a thermostat model, a radiator model and a pipeline model, wherein the battery stack model, the water pump model, the thermostat model, the radiator model and the pipeline model are connected in series according to the coolant to form a closed loop; The hardware-in-the-loop test platform is connected to the fuel cell controller via an I / O interface device for signal transmission, and the cooling system control algorithm runs on the fuel cell controller; The model building method comprises: Collect and analyze operating data of the fuel cell engine cooling system during a preset period of time; Combined with the characteristics of fuel cell components and stacks, a physical simulation model was built using Matlab software; The physical simulation model is generated into a cooling system simulation model running on a fuel cell cooling system hardware-in-the-loop test platform by using a compiling software, and the cooling system simulation model is downloaded to a simulation host. The cooling system simulation model divides the fuel cell cooling system into a plurality of cavities, and the plurality of cavities are connected in series in sequence through the flow direction of the coolant to form a closed loop; Wherein, the pipeline model construction method includes: A first preset numerical table is set according to the temperature difference between the coolant temperature and the working environment temperature, and a coefficient of change of the coolant temperature passing through the cooling pipeline is determined according to the first preset numerical table and the pipeline length; The water pump model construction method comprises: The flow rate is set in a second preset table by obtaining the flow rate on a real test bench, and the flow rate of each branch is obtained by checking the second preset table with the water pump speed and the thermostat opening; The method for creating the radiator model includes: Calibrate the connection relationship and running quantity of the configured fans, wherein the connection relationship includes series connection or parallel connection; The radiator model calculates the fan outlet temperature by formula (1-1) and formula (1-2); Q cool.infan =W cool.infan C w T in.fan Formula (1-1); T in.fan : The temperature of the coolant entering the fan; W cool.infan : Coolant flow entering the fan; Cw: specific heat capacity of coolant; T fanout.n(l.n) : Fan outlet temperature; t: time; ts: delay time; V fan : fan coolant volume; ρw: coolant density; Q fan : The fan heat dissipation is obtained by checking the preset third preset table through the radiator speed, flow rate, and air-night temperature difference; Q radi : Natural heat dissipation, obtained by checking the fourth preset table through the gas-liquid temperature difference and the coolant flow rate, Q cool.infan Brings heat from the fan to the coolant; When the radiator is placed on the windward side of the vehicle, the natural heat dissipation of the radiator increases, and the vehicle speed is multiplied by the coefficient k. Vspd , the k Vspd It is obtained by fitting according to actual test; The method for creating the thermostat model includes: The thermostat is used as a cavity for distributing and mixing large and small circulation flows in the cooling system, and the thermostat model calculates the temperature of the thermostat outlet through formula (2-1), formula (2-2), formula (2-3) and formula (2-4); Q min =W min C w T st.out K radi Formula (2-1); Q max =W max C w T fan.out K radi Formula (2-2); T st.in =T ETP.out K radi Formula (2-4); in: T st.out : Stack outlet temperature; T st.in : Stack inlet temperature; K radi is the natural heat dissipation coefficient of the coolant through the pipeline, which can be obtained by looking up the table based on the gas-liquid temperature difference and the pipeline length; Q min : Small cycle heat; Q max : Large cycle heat; W min : Small circulation flow; W max : Large circulation flow; T ETP.Out : Thermostat outlet temperature.

2. The model construction method of the fuel cell cooling system hardware-in-the-loop test platform according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hardware-in-the-loop test platform also includes: Test case device: used to provide test cases written in whole or at least in part for the cooling system control algorithm; Real-time processing device: used for real-time processing of received signals; Display control device: used to display monitoring information and send response control commands; Signal simulation device: used to simulate the sensor signals required for the fuel cell; The simulation host receives signals from the test case device and / or the display control device to perform calculations and outputs the calculation results to the display control device and the real-time processing device; The real-time processing device interacts the processed signal with the signal simulation device and the fuel cell controller through the I / O interface device; The I / O interface device, the signal simulation device, and the display control device are respectively connected to the fuel cell controller for data exchange, so as to verify the cooling system control algorithm in the fuel cell controller for adjusting the coolant temperature.

3. The model building method of the fuel cell cooling system hardware-in-the-loop test platform according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hardware-in-the-loop test platform also includes a fault injection device: Used to simulate fuel cell cooling system failure; The fault injection device performs simulated fault processing on the signal transmitted by the real-time processing device by connecting to the I / O interface device, and interacts with the fuel cell controller to verify the fault diagnosis and processing algorithm of the fuel cell cooling system.

4. The model building method of the fuel cell cooling system hardware-in-the-loop test platform according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The display control device comprises an output module for outputting a detection report of a fuel cell cooling system in a fuel cell controller.

5. The model building method of the fuel cell cooling system hardware-in-the-loop test platform according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The stack temperature is set to the coolant outlet temperature, and the stack model calculates the coolant outlet temperature through formula (3-1), formula (3-2) and formula (3-3); Q st =N cellIst (1.25-V st / N cell )K st Formula (3-2); Q cool = W st C w (T st.out -T st.in ) Formula(3-3); Among them, T st.out : Stack outlet temperature; C st : specific heat capacity of the battery stack; t: time; t s : Delay time; Q st : Temperature change caused by heating of the battery stack; Q cool : Heat taken away by the coolant; N cell : Number of cells in the battery stack; I st : Stack current; V st : Stack voltage; K st : The correction coefficient of heat generation of the fuel cell stack due to the generation of liquid water is determined by experimental fitting; W st : Stack coolant flow rate; C w : Specific heat capacity of coolant; T st.in : Stack inlet temperature.

6. The model building method of the fuel cell cooling system hardware-in-the-loop test platform according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The output state of the battery stack model is the input state of the water pump model, and the output state of the water pump model is the input state of the radiator model; The output state of the radiator model is the input state of the thermostat model, and the output state of the thermostat model is the input state of the stack model.

7. A fuel cell cooling system hardware-in-the-loop testing method, characterized in that: The method comprises: Burn the fuel cell cooling system control algorithm into the fuel cell controller; Connecting the I / O interface device in the model building method of the fuel cell cooling system hardware-in-the-loop test platform according to any one of claims 1 to 6 with the fuel cell controller to perform data interaction; The display control device in the hardware-in-the-loop test platform is triggered to adjust the working environment and working parameters of the fuel cell. The display control device sends a control command, and the simulation host calls the test case corresponding to the control command in the test case device to run the fuel cell cooling system simulation model in the simulation host; Verify the cooling system control algorithm to adjust the coolant temperature; Output test report.

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