Device, system and / or method for myopia control

Abstract

The present disclosure generally relates to a lens that provides a stop signal for myopia over a substantial portion of a spectacle lens that is being used by a viewer. The present disclosure relates to an apparatus, method, and / or system for applying a stop signal for eye development using a spectacle lens in combination with an array of microlenses. The present disclosure also relates to an apparatus, method, and / or system for modifying incident light through a spectacle lens that utilizes color cues to slow the rate of myopia progression. The present disclosure relates to an apparatus, method, and / or system for applying a stop signal for eye development using a spectacle lens in combination with a refractive optical element and / or a diffractive optical element that provides conflicting or opposing optical signals at wavelengths between 510 nm and 610 nm.

Description

[0001] This application claims to be a divisional case of the invention application with the application date of October 25, 2017, the priority date of October 25, 2016, the application number 201780080612.8, and the name “Device, system and / or method for myopia control”.

[0002] Cross-references

[0003] This application claims priority to and is related to U.S. application No. 62 / 412,507, filed on October 25, 2016, entitled “Devices, Systems and / or Methods for Myopia Control,” the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0004] The present disclosure relates, at least in part, to introducing conflicting chromatic cues at the level of the retina of a wearer's eye, the conflicting chromatic cues serving as a stop signal to a myopic eye or an eye that may be progressing toward myopia. The present disclosure also relates, at least in part, to introducing conflicting optical signals into the M and / or L cones at the level of the retina of a wearer's eye, the conflicting optical signals serving as a stop signal to a myopic eye or an eye that may be progressing toward myopia. The present disclosure also relates, at least in part, to the use of refractive optical elements (ROEs) and / or diffractive optical elements (DOEs) in combination with spectacle lenses intended to introduce conflicting, opposing, or inconsistent optical signals between adjacent cone photoreceptors, particularly between M and / or L cone photoreceptors that may be involved in the developmental control mechanisms of emmetropization. The present disclosure also relates, at least in part, to one or more of the following: modifying, altering, and / or reducing the longitudinal chromatic aberration of the wearer's eye to wavelengths corresponding to approximately 50%, 75%, and 100% peak sensitivity of L-cone receptors that may play a role in the emmetropization process. The present disclosure also relates, at least in part, to one or more of the following: modifying, altering, and / or reducing the longitudinal chromatic aberration of the wearer's eye to wavelengths corresponding to approximately 75% and 100% peak sensitivity of M-cone receptors that may hold cues about the direction of eye development. The present disclosure also relates, at least in part, to one or more of the following: modifying, altering, and / or reducing the longitudinal chromatic aberration of the wearer's eye to wavelengths between approximately 510 nm and approximately 610 nm that may serve as a stop signal for progressive myopia. The present disclosure also relates, at least in part, to introducing a focusing pattern at the level of the retina of the wearer's eye that is intentionally altered to vary spectrally and / or spatially that may serve as a stop signal for progressive myopia. The present disclosure also relates, at least in part, to the use of ROEs and / or DOEs in combination with ophthalmic lenses, such as spectacle lenses that are intended to intentionally modify, change, and / or reduce the longitudinal chromatic aberration of an eye to a wavelength corresponding to the M and / or L cone receptors of the wearer's eye, which wavelength can be used as a stop signal to arrest the rate of progression of myopia or an eye that may be progressing towards myopia. The present disclosure also relates, at least in part, to the use of a single microlens, a few microlenses, or a microlens array optical device in combination with an ophthalmic lens, such as a spectacle lens. The present disclosure also relates, at least in part, to the use of a microlens array optical device in combination with a spectacle lens that is intended to slow the rate of progression of myopia by introducing a stop signal. The present disclosure also relates, at least in part, to the use of an optical film in combination with a spectacle lens that is intended to modify an optical signal received by the M and / or L cone receptors of the wearer's eye that can be used as a stop signal for progressive myopia.In the present disclosure, the use of optical films will broadly encompass surface modifications and / or modifications to the substrate material of spectacle lenses. The present disclosure also relates, at least in part, to introducing a stop signal for progressive myopia by using a spectacle lens system to modify and / or reduce longitudinal chromatic aberration corresponding to the M and / or L cones on the retina, which is unaffected or substantially unaffected by the wearer's viewing angle through the spectacle lens system. The present disclosure also relates to methods and systems for training the eye and inhibiting / controlling the progression of myopia using spectacle lens solutions that introduce temporal variations in chromatic aberration at the M and / or L cone receptors of the wearer's eye. Background Art

[0005] The discussion of the background to the disclosure is included to explain the context of the disclosed embodiments. This should not be taken as an admission that the material referred to was published as part of the known general knowledge or common general knowledge as at the priority date of the embodiments presented in this disclosure and the claims.

[0006] In order to perceive an image clearly, the optical system of the eye should produce an image that is focused on the retina, in particular on the fovea. Myopia, commonly known as shortsightedness, is a visual disorder of the eye in which the on-axis image is focused in front of the fovea of the retina. Hyperopia, commonly known as longsightedness, is a visual disorder of the eye in which the on-axis image is focused behind the fovea of the retina. The focusing of the image in front of or behind the fovea of the retina produces lower order aberrations, known as defocus. Astigmatism is another type of lower order aberration in which the optical system of the eye deviates from the spherical curvature, resulting in image distortion because light rays are blocked and cannot meet at a common focus. In addition to lower order aberrations, the eye may also have higher order optical aberrations, including but not limited to spherical aberration, coma and / or trefoil aberration.

[0007] In myopia, a defect in visual focus causes distant objects (items in the scene seen by the eye) to appear blurry because their images are focused in front of the fovea rather than on it. Consequently, a large proportion of the world's population has a degree of myopia that requires some form of optical correction to see clearly. In particular, myopic refractive error is progressive in younger patients (i.e., refractive error increases over time). It is also known that myopia progresses regardless of the age of onset, and that myopia tends to increase in an amount requiring progressively stronger correction. Extensive myopia can lead to certain forms of retinopathy; the risk of retinal detachment, cataracts, and glaucoma increases. In addition, this visual impairment is accompanied by personal, social, and economic burdens on individuals and communities. These include the direct costs of vision correction and management (which amount to billions of dollars each year), as well as indirect costs such as productivity and quality of life. The visual and potential pathological effects of myopia and the attendant inconvenience and costs to individuals and communities make it necessary to develop effective strategies to prevent or delay the onset of myopia, to stop or slow its progression, or to limit the amount of myopia that occurs in patients.

[0008] The ocular system achieves and maintains emmetropia (where the eye length is well matched to the focal length of its optics) by using visual feedback mechanisms to adjust the position of the retina relative to the eye's optical system. The axial length of the eye is controlled by a homeostatic developmental control mechanism involving "go" and "stop" signals. The visual system relies on visual experience as the primary input for the effective operation of the homeostatic feedback mechanism. Error signals that can decode signs of optical defocus contribute to an increase or decrease in the rate of eye development, resulting in minimal refractive error. This compensation mechanism has been repeatedly demonstrated in many experiments, in which animal eyes compensate for optical defocus imposed by spectacle lenses by adjusting the rate of eye development. Non-emmetropia causes this active emmetropization process to fail. There is ample evidence in the literature that defocus signals control the emmetropization process. The refractive index of the optical medium of the human eye is highly dependent on wavelength, exhibiting significant levels of chromatic dispersion. The longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) of the eye is defined as the variation in the total refractive power of the eye as a function of wavelength, considered in visible white light (from approximately 400 nm to approximately 700 nm). The LCA of the human eye is approximately 2 diopters (D) (approximately 400nm to approximately 700nm, Figure 18B ), and it involves a measure of on-axis dispersion. Figure 18B The longitudinal chromatic focus shift in diopters is shown. Figure 18B The table above shows the focal shift for each reference wavelength relative to 540 nm treated as the reference wavelength. The peak cone sensitivity of the S cone is 443 nm, which corresponds to a focal shift of -0.72D relative to the reference wavelength (540 nm). Similarly, Figure 18BThe focal shifts of the remaining reference planes relative to the reference wavelength (540 nm) are derived from the table in . The dispersion that occurs due to off-axis illumination is called lateral chromatic aberration (TCA).

[0009] Regarding spectacle lens design options, they include progressive addition lenses (designed to reduce accommodative lag or on-axis hyperopia), concentric bifocals, and executive bifocals (designed to reduce both on-axis and off-axis hyperopia). Each of these options has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of delaying the rate of myopia progression in children.

[0010] There is a need in the art for an ophthalmic lens or an ophthalmic lens system that provides a stop signal for eye growth regardless of the direction of gaze of the wearer's eye relative to the center of the ophthalmic lens or lens system. The ophthalmic lens can be, for example, a spectacle lens. There is also a need in the art for an ophthalmic lens that can be used alone or in combination with another ophthalmic lens (e.g., a contact lens or spectacles) as an ophthalmic lens system, wherein the lens or lens system provides a stop signal for eye growth regardless of the direction of gaze of the wearer's eye relative to the center of the ophthalmic lens or lens system.

[0011] There is a need in the art for a spectacle lens system that provides a stop signal for progressive eye development regardless of which portion of the spectacle lens system is being used by the child and / or viewer. There is also a need in the art for a spectacle lens system or device (i.e., a microlens array) that can be combined with a spectacle lens, wherein the lens (or combination product) provides a stop signal for progressive eye development over a portion or a substantial portion of the visual angle of the spectacle lens system used by the person.

[0012] The present disclosure relates to apparatus, methods, and / or systems capable of providing an eyeglass lens system that provides a stop signal for a progressive eye regardless of which portion of the eyeglass lens system is being used by the child and / or viewer.

[0013] The present disclosure relates to devices, methods and / or systems capable of providing an ophthalmic lens or lens system that provides a stop signal for a progressing eye regardless of the gaze direction of the wearer's eye relative to the center of the ophthalmic lens or lens system.

[0014] The present disclosure also relates to devices, methods, and / or systems capable of providing a spectacle lens system and / or a device that can be combined with a spectacle lens, wherein the lens (or combination) provides a stop signal for a progressive eye for a portion or a substantial portion of the visual angle of the spectacle lens system used by a person. The present disclosure also relates to devices, methods, and / or systems capable of applying conflicting color signals at the retinal level of a corrected eye by using a microlens array as part of and / or in combination with a spectacle lens.

[0015] The present disclosure also relates to devices, methods and / or systems capable of applying conflicting color signals to adjacent M and / or L cone receptors at the retinal level of a corrective eye by using a refractive optical element (ROE) and / or a diffractive optical element (DOE) as part of and / or in combination with an eyeglass lens.

[0016] The present disclosure also relates to devices, methods and / or systems capable of applying a spatially and / or spectrally varying focus pattern at the retinal level of the corrective eye, particularly to the M and / or L cone receptors, by using a refractive optical element (ROE) and / or a diffractive optical element (DOE) as part of and / or in combination with an eyeglass lens.

[0017] The present disclosure also relates to devices, methods and / or systems capable of altering longitudinal chromatic aberration, particularly longitudinal chromatic aberration relative to wavelengths that stimulate M and / or L cone receptors, by using refractive optical elements (ROEs) and / or diffractive optical elements (DOEs) as part of and / or in combination with eyeglass lenses.

[0018] The present disclosure also relates to devices, methods and / or systems that can provide an ophthalmic lens or lens system that provides a stop signal for eye development for a portion or a substantial portion of the visual angle of a spectacle lens system for use by a person. The present disclosure also relates to devices, methods and / or systems that can apply conflicting color signals at the retinal level of the corrected eye by using a microlens array as part of and / or in combination with a spectacle lens. The present disclosure also relates to devices, methods and / or systems that modify incident light through a spectacle lens system, the incident light providing color cues to the eye that help slow the rate of myopia progression. This is achieved by using a microlens array as part of and / or in combination with a spectacle lens.

[0019] The present disclosure also relates to devices, methods and / or systems for modifying incident light through an eyeglass lens system to provide color cues to slow eye growth. This is achieved by using a microlens array as part of and / or in combination with an eyeglass lens.

[0020] The present disclosure also relates to devices, methods and / or systems capable of substantially altering the path of light to provide directional signals to control eye development at the level of the retina of a corrective eye by using a microlens array as part of and / or in conjunction with an eyeglass lens.

[0021] The present disclosure also relates to devices, methods and / or systems that are capable of substantially changing the path of light to provide a directional signal to slow eye growth by using a microlens array, an optical film embedded with a ROE and / or DOE as part of and / or in combination with an eyeglass lens.

[0022] There is a need for improved systems, devices, and / or methods for delaying the rate of progression of myopia or the rate of progression in a person affected thereby. As will become apparent from the discussion herein, the present disclosure is intended to overcome and / or ameliorate at least one shortcoming of the prior art. The present disclosure also provides other advantages and / or improvements as discussed herein.

[0023] The subject headings used in the detailed description are included for the convenience of the reader and should not be used to limit the subject matter found in the entire disclosure or claims. The subject headings should not be used to construct the scope of the claims or claim limitations.

[0024] definition

[0025] Unless otherwise defined below, the terms used herein are as commonly used in the art.

[0026] The term "myopic eye" refers to an eye that is already myopic, pre-myopic, or has refractive symptoms that are progressing toward myopia.

[0027] The term "stop signal" refers to an optical signal that can help slow, stop, delay, inhibit or control eye development and / or refractive symptoms of the eye.

[0028] The term "viewing angle" refers to the direction of gaze of a wearer's eye through an ophthalmic lens, a spectacle lens, a spectacle lens system, or a combination thereof, relative to the eye looking straight ahead in primary gaze.

[0029] The term "fill ratio" is expressed as the percentage of the area containing the lenslets to the total surface area of the ophthalmic lens blank or base. The diameter of each lenslet can be used to calculate the two-dimensional area occupied by the lenslets compared to the area of the array not occupied by the lenslets.

[0030] The term "pupil fill ratio" is defined as the percentage of the cumulative area of the lenslets within the pupil region projected onto the plane of the lenslets relative to the total area of the pupil projected onto the plane of the lenslets for a specific viewing angle. In certain embodiments where the pupil fill ratio varies with viewing angle, the fill ratio is defined as the average percentage of the area containing the lenslets to the total surface area of the spectacle lens blank or substrate ophthalmic lens.

[0031] The term "focal length" or (f) of a microlens is understood to mean the length calculated according to the following equation:

[0032]

[0033] Where n2 is the refractive index of the n2 layer at about 555 nm, n3 is the refractive index of the n3 layer at about 555 nm, and R is the radius of curvature of the microlens (e.g., see FIG1 ). In other embodiments, n2 and / or n3 can be defined at one or more wavelengths within the following ranges: 500 nm to 600 nm, 400 nm to 700 nm, or 380 nm to 800 nm.

[0034] For toric microlenses, the term "focal length" refers to the two principal meridians (F s ) and (F t ), and it should be understood that they are substantially different from each other. The toric focal length is calculated by the following equation:

[0035]

[0036] where n2 is the refractive index of the n2 layer, n3 is the refractive index of the n3 layer, and R s and R t is the radius of curvature of the lenticules in the two principal meridians. The principal meridians of the respective lenticules may be substantially the same or substantially different from each other.

[0037] The term "microlens array" is generally understood to mean an optical system consisting of a plurality of microlenses having the same focal length in the same plane. However, the term "microlens array" in the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The term "microlens array" should be understood to refer to a plurality of microlenses that together form an array. The microlenses comprising the array may or may not be in the same plane and / or may or may not have the same focal length. The microlens array may be formed as a single sheet, as part of a sheet, as multiple sheets, or as part of an eyeglass lens system. The array may be composed of at least 1, 2, 3, or 4 layers. The device disclosed herein may have at least 1, 2, 3, or 4 microlens arrays. The diameter of one or more microlenses may be approximately 10 μm, approximately 20 μm, approximately 30 μm, approximately 50 μm, approximately 75 μm, approximately 100 μm, approximately 150 μm, approximately 200 μm, approximately 400 μm, approximately 500 μm, approximately 600 μm, or approximately 750 μm. The diameter of the microlenses comprising the microlens array may vary. The diameter of the one or more microlenses may be between 10 μm and 20 μm, between 10 μm and 30 μm, between 10 μm and 50 μm, between 10 μm and 75 μm, between 10 μm and 100 μm, between 10 μm and 150 μm, between 10 μm and 200 μm, between 10 μm and 400 μm, between 10 μm and 500 μm, between 10 μm and 600 μm, Between 10 μm and 750 μm, between 20 μm and 30 μm, between 20 μm and 50 μm, between 20 μm and 75 μm, between 20 μm and 100 μm, between 20 μm and 150 μm, between 20 μm and 200 μm, between 20 μm and 400 μm, between 20 μm and 500 μm, between 20 μm and 600 μm, or between 20 μm and 750 μm. In certain embodiments, the diameter of one or more microlenses may be between 150 μm and 400 μm, between 150 μm and 300 μm, between 200 μm and 400 μm, or a combination thereof.

[0038] The term "radius of curvature" or (R) is understood to refer to the inverse of curvature, which has units of distance (e.g., mm, m, etc.). In this disclosure, R s is the radius of curvature of the eyeglass lens and R l is the radius of curvature of the lenslet.

[0039] The term "spectacle lens" is understood to mean a lens blank, a finished or a substantially finished spectacle lens.

[0040] The term "spectacle lens system" is understood to mean a lens blank, a finished or substantially finished spectacle lens containing one or more microlens arrays. These microlens arrays can be located on the front surface of the spectacle lens, on the back surface of the spectacle lens, within the body of the spectacle lens, or a combination thereof. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0041] The present disclosure is intended to overcome one or more of the problems described herein. Briefly, the human retina is composed of three different types of cones (S, M, and L types) that are sensitive to short, medium, and long wavelengths of the visible spectrum. The M and L cones make up over 90% of the cones on the retina, particularly in the macular region, and the L cones are sampled roughly two to three times more than the cones. Measurement and / or correction of refractive error is often centered around a wavelength of 555 nm, which corresponds to the approximate midpoint between the peak sensitivities of the M and L cones. In these cases, a significant portion of the L cones experience defocus (hyperopic blur); this is associated with corrective eye developmental stimulation, leading to progressive myopia. Therefore, stimulation of the M and L cones may limit stimulation of the eye's developmental patterns and therefore progressive myopia.

[0042] Certain embodiments are directed to methods, devices, and / or systems that alter, substantially alter, modify, or substantially change the optical signal received by the L cone or received at wavelengths corresponding to approximately (100%, 75%, and 50%) peak sensitivity of the L cone (565nm, 610nm, and 625nm, respectively), while continuing to correct the refractive error of the wearer's eye at a center wavelength of or approximately between 540 and 560nm.

[0043] Certain embodiments relate to methods, devices, and / or systems for altering or substantially altering the optical signal received by a substantial portion of the L cone of a wearer's eye at multiple wavelengths corresponding to approximately 100%, 75%, and 50% peak sensitivities of the substantial portion of the L cone and correcting the refractive error of the wearer's eye at least partially at a center wavelength between 540 nm and 560 nm.

[0044] Certain embodiments relate to methods, devices and / or systems that alter or substantially alter the optical signal received by a substantial portion of the L cone of a wearer's eye at wavelengths of approximately 565 nm, 610 nm and 625 nm and correct the refractive error of the wearer's eye at least partially at a center wavelength between 540 nm and 560 nm.

[0045] Certain embodiments relate to methods, devices and / or systems that alter, or substantially alter, modify, or substantially change, the optical signal received by the M cones at wavelengths corresponding to approximately (75% and 100% of) the peak sensitivity of the M cones (510 nm and 535 nm, respectively), while continuing to correct the refractive error of the wearer's eye at a center wavelength between 540 nm and 560 nm.

[0046] Certain embodiments relate to methods, devices and / or systems that modify or substantially modify the optical signal received by a substantial portion of the M cone of a wearer's eye at multiple wavelengths corresponding to approximately 75% and 100% peak sensitivity of a substantial portion of the L cone and correct the refractive error of the wearer's eye at least partially at a center wavelength between 540 nm and 560 nm.

[0047] Certain embodiments relate to methods, devices and / or systems that alter or substantially alter the optical signal received by a substantial portion of the M cone of a wearer's eye at wavelengths of approximately 510 nm and 535 nm and correct the refractive error of the wearer's eye at least partially at a center wavelength between 540 nm and 560 nm.

[0048] In certain other embodiments, the change or substantial change in the optical signals received by the L cones comprises generating conflicting optical signals at the retinal plane populated by the L cones, wherein the conflicting optical signals are that some of the L cones receive focused signals while the remaining cones receive out-of-focus signals (nearsightedness or farsightedness). The proportion of the L cones receiving conflicting signals can be one or more of the following combinations: approximately 10% (in focus) - 90% (out of focus), approximately 20% (in focus) - 80% (out of focus), approximately 30% (in focus) - 70% (out of focus), approximately 40% (in focus) - 60% (out of focus), approximately 50% (in focus) - 50% (out of focus), approximately 60% (in focus) - 40% (out of focus), approximately 70% (in focus) - 30% (out of focus), approximately 80% (in focus) - 20% (out of focus), and approximately 90% (in focus) - 10% (out of focus). In other embodiments, introducing conflicting signals at the L cone receptor plane of the wearer's eye can be referred to as conflicting color cues. In some other embodiments, introducing conflicting signals at the L cone receptor plane can also be referred to as introducing a stop signal.

[0049] In certain other embodiments, the alteration or majority alteration of the optical signals received by the L cones comprises creating opposing optical signals to adjacent L cones at the retinal plane, wherein opposing optical signals mean that some of the L cones receive myopic signals and the remaining cones receive hyperopic signals. The proportion of L cones receiving opposing optical signals can be one or more of the following combinations: approximately 10% (nearopia)-90% (hyperopia), approximately 20% (nearopia)-80% (hyperopia), approximately 30% (nearopia)-70% (hyperopia), approximately 40% (nearopia)-60% (hyperopia), approximately 50% (nearopia)-50% (hyperopia), approximately 60% (nearopia)-40% (hyperopia), approximately 70% (nearopia)-30% (hyperopia), approximately 80% (nearopia)-20% (hyperopia), and approximately 90% (nearopia)-10% (hyperopia). In other embodiments, introducing an opposing signal at the L cone receptor plane of the wearer's eye may be referred to as an opposing color cue. In some other embodiments, introducing an opposing signal at the L cone receptor plane may also be referred to as introducing a stop signal.

[0050] In certain other embodiments, the change or majority of changes in the optical signals received by the M cones includes generating conflicting optical signals at the plane of the retina that fills the M cone shape, wherein the conflicting signals refer to some of the M cones receiving focused signals while the remaining cones receive out-of-focus signals (myopia). The proportion of the M cones receiving conflicting signals can be one or more of the following combinations: approximately 10% (in focus)-90% (out of focus), approximately 20% (in focus)-80% (out of focus), approximately 30% (in focus)-70% (out of focus), approximately 40% (in focus)-60% (out of focus), approximately 50% (in focus)-50% (out of focus), approximately 60% (in focus)-40% (out of focus), approximately 70% (in focus)-30% (out of focus), approximately 80% (in focus)-20% (out of focus), and approximately 90% (in focus)-10% (out of focus). In other embodiments, the concept of introducing conflicting signals at the plane of the M cone receptors of the wearer's eye can be referred to as conflicting color cues. In some other embodiments, the concept of introducing a conflicting signal at the M-cone receptor plane is also referred to as introducing a stop signal.

[0051] In certain other embodiments, the alteration or majority alteration of the optical signals received by the M cones comprises generating opposing optical signals at the retinal plane that fills the M cone shape, wherein the opposing optical signals result in some of the M cones receiving myopic signals and the remaining cones receiving hyperopic signals. The proportion of the M cones receiving the opposing optical signals can be one or more of the following combinations: approximately 10% (myopia)-90% (hyperopia), approximately 20% (myopia)-80% (hyperopia), approximately 30% (myopia)-70% (myopia), approximately 40% (myopia)-60% (hyperopia), approximately 50% (myopia)-50% (hyperopia), approximately 60% (myopia)-40% (hyperopia), approximately 70% (myopia)-30% (hyperopia), approximately 80% (myopia)-20% (hyperopia), approximately 90% (myopia)-10% (hyperopia). In other embodiments, the concept of introducing opposing signals at the M-cone receptor plane of the wearer's eye can be referred to as opposing color cues. In some other embodiments, the concept of introducing opposing signals at the M-cone receptor plane is also referred to as introducing a stop signal.

[0052] Certain embodiments are directed to methods, devices, and / or systems for providing a stop signal by creating an area on the retina having a spatially and / or spectrally varying focus pattern.

[0053] Certain embodiments relate to a spectacle lens comprising a microlens array; or a combination of a spectacle lens and a microlens array, wherein the spectacle lens system is capable of providing a stop signal for a portion or a substantial portion of the visual angle of the spectacle lens system used by a person.

[0054] Certain embodiments relate to a spectacle lens comprising an ROE, a DOE, or a combination of an ROE and a DOE; or a combination of a spectacle lens and an ROE, a DOE, or a combination of an ROE and a DOE, wherein the spectacle lens system is capable of providing a stop signal for a portion or a substantial portion of the visual angle of the spectacle lens system in use by a person.

[0055] Certain embodiments relate to devices, methods, and / or systems capable of applying a stop signal in a wearer's eye by using a microlens array as part of and / or in conjunction with an eyeglass lens.

[0056] Certain embodiments relate to devices, methods, and / or systems capable of modifying incident light through a spectacle lens system to provide color cues that slow the rate of myopia progression. This is achieved by using a microlens array as part of and / or in conjunction with a spectacle lens. In certain other embodiments, this can be achieved using a ROE, a DOE, or a combination of a ROE and a DOE.

[0057] Certain embodiments relate to devices, methods, and / or systems that use microlens arrays in conjunction with eyeglass lenses, and this combination can be used to reduce the rate of myopia progression by introducing conflicting color cues / signals at the retinal level. In certain other embodiments, this can be achieved by using ROEs, DOEs, or a combination of ROEs and DOEs.

[0058] Certain embodiments relate to a device for providing a stop signal.

[0059] Certain embodiments relate to an ophthalmic lens, such as a spectacle lens comprising a microlens array; or an ophthalmic lens system comprising a combination of a spectacle lens and a microlens array, wherein the ophthalmic lens or ophthalmic lens system is capable of providing a stop signal regardless of (or substantially regardless of) the direction of gaze of the wearer's eye relative to the center of the ophthalmic lens or ophthalmic lens system. In certain other embodiments, this can be achieved using an ROE, a DOE, or a combination of an ROE and a DOE.

[0060] Certain embodiments relate to devices, methods, and / or systems capable of applying a stop signal to a wearer's eye by using a microlens array as part of and / or in conjunction with an eyeglass lens. In certain other embodiments, this can be achieved using an ROE, a DOE, or a combination of an ROE and a DOE.

[0061] Certain embodiments relate to devices, methods, and / or systems capable of modifying incident light through an ophthalmic lens or ophthalmic lens system to provide color cues to slow eye growth. This can be achieved by using a microlens array as an ophthalmic lens or in combination with an eyeglass lens as an ophthalmic lens system. In certain other embodiments, this can be achieved by using a ROE, a DOE, or a combination of a ROE and a DOE.

[0062] Certain embodiments relate to devices, methods, and / or systems that use microlens arrays in conjunction with eyeglass lenses and this combination can be used to reduce the rate of eye growth by introducing conflicting color cues / signals at the retinal level. In certain other embodiments, this can be achieved by using ROEs, DOEs, or a combination of ROEs and DOEs.

[0063] Certain embodiments relate to devices, methods and / or systems that use ROEs, DOEs, or a combination of ROEs and DOEs in conjunction with eyeglass lenses and such combinations can be used to reduce the rate of eye development by introducing conflicting color cues / signals at the retinal level.

[0064] Certain embodiments relate to devices, methods and / or systems that use microlens arrays in conjunction with eyeglass lenses and this combination can be used to reduce the rate of eye development by introducing opposing color cues / signals at the retinal level.

[0065] Certain embodiments relate to devices, methods and / or systems that use ROEs, DOEs, or a combination of ROEs and DOEs in conjunction with eyeglass lenses and such combinations can be used to reduce the rate of eye development by introducing opposing color cues / signals at the retinal level.

[0066] According to certain exemplary embodiments, a method for selecting corrective spectacle lenses for an individual that attempts to inhibit and / or control their myopia progression by introducing temporal variations in longitudinal and / or lateral chromatic aberration experienced at M and / or L cone receptors is described below. The exemplary method includes measuring refractive symptoms of both eyes of a person based on a refraction technique; confirming a prescription for a first pair of spectacle lenses for the person based at least in part on the binocular measurements, the first pair of lenses comprising a set of single vision lenses; confirming a prescription for a second pair of spectacle lenses for the person based at least in part on the binocular measurements, the second pair of lenses comprising a set of single vision lenses used in conjunction with an ROE and / or DOE; confirming and prescribing the first pair of lenses for a first period of time; confirming and prescribing the second pair of lenses for a second period of time; wherein the second pair of lenses is configured to introduce conflicting and / or opposing optical signals at the M and / or L cone receptors of the wearer's eye.

[0067] Other exemplary embodiments relate to another exemplary method for selecting corrective spectacle lenses for an individual, as described below, the method attempting to send a stop signal to a progressive eye by introducing temporal changes in longitudinal and / or lateral chromatic aberration experienced at M and / or L cone receptors. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a prescription for a person based at least in part on measurements of the eye; confirming a prescription for a first pair of spectacle lenses comprising a first lens for a left eye and a first lens for a right eye; confirming a prescription for a second pair of spectacle lenses comprising a second lens for the left eye and a second lens for the right eye; confirming a first time period for the person to wear the first pair of lenses; confirming a second time period for the person to wear the second pair of lenses; wherein the first pair of lenses or the second pair of lenses is configured to introduce conflicting or opposing optical signals to the M and / or L cone receptors of the individual's left or right eye.

[0068] Certain embodiments relate to devices, methods, and / or systems for reducing or slowing eye growth.

[0069] Certain embodiments relate to devices, methods, and / or systems for reducing the rate of myopia progression.

[0070] In addition to the embodiments discussed in the Summary of the Invention, other embodiments are disclosed in the specification, drawings, and claims. The Summary of the Invention is not intended to cover every embodiment, combination, or variation contemplated by the present disclosure. The Summary of the Invention is not intended to limit the embodiments disclosed herein. In addition, limitations of one embodiment may be combined with limitations of other embodiments to form additional embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0071] Exemplary embodiments will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0072] Figure 1A is a schematic side view of a three-layer lenslet array making up a refractive optical element (ROE), according to certain embodiments.

[0073] Figure 1B is a schematic side view of a three-layer lenslet array constituting a ROE and a diffractive optical element (DOE), according to certain embodiments.

[0074] Figure 2 is a schematic side view of a three-layer lenslet array including an ROE, according to certain embodiments.

[0075] Figure 3A is a schematic side view of an eyeglass lens having lenslets made from ROE, according to certain embodiments.

[0076] Figure 3B is a schematic side view of an eyeglass lens with lenslets made from DOEs, according to certain embodiments.

[0077] Figure 3C is a schematic side view of an eyeglass lens having lenslets made from ROE, according to certain embodiments.

[0078] Figure 3D is a schematic side view of an eyeglass lens with lenslets made from DOEs, according to certain embodiments.

[0079] Figure 3E is a schematic side view of an eyeglass lens having lenslets made from ROE, according to certain embodiments.

[0080] Figure 3F is a schematic side view of an eyeglass lens with lenslets made from DOEs, according to certain embodiments.

[0081] Figure 3G and 3H A schematic side view of a spectacle lens with lenslets made from ROE is shown, according to certain embodiments.

[0082] Figure 3I is a schematic front view of an eyeglass lens coated with a film designed with an ROE and a DOE, according to certain embodiments.

[0083] Figure 3J is a schematic cross-sectional view of the surface of an eyeglass lens coated with a film designed with an ROE and a DOE, according to certain embodiments.

[0084] Figure 3K is a schematic cross-sectional view of an eyeglass lens surface coated with a thin film and another optical film embedded in the lens substrate and designed with a ROE and a DOE, according to certain embodiments.

[0085] Figure 3L is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical film according to certain embodiments.

[0086] Figure 3M is a schematic front view of an optical film composed of a ROE and a DOE according to certain embodiments.

[0087] Figure 4 Depicted are monochromatic light entering an emmetropic eye with equal or substantially equal magnitude of positive or negative defocus applied.

[0088] Figure 5 Depicted are polychromatic light entering an emmetropic eye with equal or substantially equal magnitudes of positive or negative defocus applied.

[0089] Figure 6A Schematic diagram of a model eye with uncorrected 2-diopter myopia. Incident monochromatic (555 nm) light has zero diopter vergence.

[0090] Figure 6B Depicted is an on-axis geometric spot plot analysis at the retinal plane when incident monochromatic (555 nm) light with zero diopter vergence is incident on an uncorrected 2 diopter myopic model eye.

[0091] Figure 7 Shown is a color-coded two-dimensional sagittal power profile for a single vision lens with -2 diopter power.

[0092] Figure 8A Yes means used Figure 7 Schematic diagram of a model eye with 2 diopters of myopia corrected by the spectacle lenses described in [1]. The incident monochromatic (555 nm) light has zero diopters of vergence. The incident beam is on-axis (0 degrees) or coaxial with the model eye.

[0093] Figure 8B Yes means used Figure 7Schematic diagram of a model eye with 2 diopters of myopia corrected by the spectacle lenses described in [1]. The incident monochromatic (555 nm) light has zero diopters of vergence. The incident beam is off-axis (5 degrees), meaning it is not on-axis when entering the model eye.

[0094] Figure 8C Describes the incident monochromatic (555nm) light with zero diopter convergence incident on the used Figure 7 Analysis of the on-axis geometric point diagram at the retinal plane when the spectacle lenses described in FIG. are applied to a model eye correcting for 2 diopters of myopia.

[0095] Figure 9 Yes means used Figure 7 Schematic diagram of a model eye with 2 diopters of myopia corrected by the spectacle lenses described in [1]. The incident polychromatic light has zero diopters of convergence. However, for illustration purposes, only two wavelengths (555 nm and 610 nm) are used. The enlarged diagram shows how these two wavelengths focus at different planes.

[0096] Figure 10A Yes means used Figure 7 Schematic diagram of a model eye with 2 diopters of myopia corrected by the spectacle lenses described in . The incident polychromatic light has zero diopters of vergence.

[0097] Figure 10B Shown with Figure 10A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 7 Analysis of the on-axis geometric point diagram at the retinal plane when the spectacle lenses described in FIG. are applied to a model eye correcting for 2 diopters of myopia.

[0098] Figure 10C Shown with Figure 10A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 7 Spot plot analysis of a 5-degree off-axis geometry at the retinal plane when the spectacle lens described is applied to a model eye correcting for 2 diopters of myopia.

[0099] Figure 10D Shown with Figure 10A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 7 Analysis of the on-axis geometric point diagram at the retinal plane when the spectacle lenses described in FIG. are applied to a model eye correcting for 2 diopters of myopia.

[0100] Figure 10E Shown with Figure 10AIt depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 7 Spot plot analysis of a 5-degree off-axis geometry at the retinal plane when the spectacle lens described is applied to a model eye correcting for 2 diopters of myopia.

[0101] Figure 10F A schematic diagram of the correction of a single myopia (Rx = -2D) with a single vision lens (Rx = -2D) is shown. The enlarged portion of the figure shows the specific focal points corresponding to the wavelengths of the S, M and L cones.

[0102] Figure 11A Depicted is a two-dimensional power profile of an eyeglass lens embedded with a microlens array according to certain embodiments. The figure depicts the power profile over a 5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates.

[0103] Figure 11B The sag profile of an eyeglass lens embedded with a microlens array according to certain embodiments is shown. The figure depicts the sag profile for an eyeglass lens blank having a diameter of 25 mm.

[0104] Figure 12A Yes means used Figure 11A and 11A Schematic diagram of a model eye with 2 diopters of myopia corrected by a spectacle lens embedded with a microlens array as described in [1]. The incident polychromatic light has zero diopters of convergence. However, for illustration purposes, only two wavelengths (555 nm and 610 nm) are used.

[0105] Figure 12B Shown with Figure 12A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 11A and 11B Analysis of the on-axis geometric spot diagram at the retinal plane when the spectacle lens embedded with the microlens array described in FIG. is applied to a model eye correcting 2 diopters of myopia.

[0106] Figure 12C Shown with Figure 12A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 11A and 11B Analysis of the on-axis geometric spot diagram at the retinal plane when the spectacle lens embedded with the microlens array described in FIG. is applied to a model eye correcting 2 diopters of myopia.

[0107] Figure 12DSchematic diagram of correction of monomyopia (Rx=-2D) with a single vision lens (Rx=-2D) embedded with multiple DOEs is shown. The enlarged portion of the figure shows specific focal points at two different retinal locations corresponding to three wavelengths of S, M and L cones.

[0108] Figure 13A Depicted is a front view of a device having an array of tiny lenses configured with an ROE, according to certain embodiments. This can be a lenslet array formed as part of a sheet, an eyeglass lens containing the lenslet array, or a combination of a lenslet sheet and an eyeglass lens.

[0109] Figure 13B Depicted is a front view of a device configured with DOEs according to certain embodiments. This can be an array of DOEs formed as part of a sheet, an eyeglass lens containing an array of lenslets, or a combination of a lenslet sheet and an eyeglass lens.

[0110] Figure 14A Depicted is a front view of a device having an array of tiny lenses configured with an ROE 60, wherein the central portion of the lens is free of, or substantially free of, lenslets or ROEs, according to certain embodiments. This can be a lenslet array formed as part of a sheet, a spectacle lens containing the lenslet array, an ROE array, or a combination of a lenslet sheet and a spectacle lens.

[0111] Figure 14B Depicted are devices according to certain embodiments, wherein a horizontal center portion of the device is free of, or substantially free of, lenslets or ROEs. This can be a lenslet array or ROE array formed as (or as part of) a sheet, a spectacle lens containing a lenslet array, an ROE array, or a combination of a lenslet sheet and a spectacle lens.

[0112] Figure 14C Devices according to certain embodiments are depicted wherein a vertically central portion of the device is free of, or substantially free of, lenslets or ROEs. This can be a lenslet array or ROE array formed as (or as part of) a sheet, a spectacle lens containing a lenslet array, an ROE array, or a combination of a lenslet sheet and a spectacle lens.

[0113] Figure 14D Depicted is a front view of a device having a microlens array configured with a DOE 60, wherein the central portion of the lens is free of, or substantially free of, lenslets or DOEs, according to certain embodiments. This can be a lenslet array formed as part of a sheet, a spectacle lens containing a lenslet array, a DOE array, or a combination of a lenslet sheet and a spectacle lens.

[0114] Figure 14EA device is depicted in which the horizontal center portion of the device is free of, or substantially free of, lenslets or DOEs. This can be a lenslet array or DOE array formed as (or as part of) a sheet, a spectacle lens containing a lenslet array, a DOE array, or a combination of a lenslet sheet and a spectacle lens.

[0115] Figure 14F Depicted are devices according to certain embodiments, wherein a vertically central portion of the device is free of, or substantially free of, lenslets or DOEs. This can be a lenslet array or DOE array formed as (or as part of) a sheet, a spectacle lens containing a lenslet array, a DOE array, or a combination of a lenslet sheet and a spectacle lens.

[0116] Figure 15A Depicted are devices according to certain embodiments, wherein the ROE in the central portion of the device area is smaller in diameter than the ROE in the peripheral area of the device. This can be an ROE array formed into (or as part of) a sheet, an eyeglass lens containing an ROE array, or a combination of an ROE sheet and an eyeglass lens.

[0117] Figure 15B Depicted are devices according to certain embodiments, wherein the ROE in the central region of the device is larger in diameter than the ROE in the peripheral region of the device. This can be an ROE array formed into (or as part of) a sheet, an eyeglass lens comprising an ROE array, or a combination of an ROE sheet and an eyeglass lens.

[0118] Figure 15C Depicted are devices according to certain embodiments, wherein the DOEs in the central portion of the device area are smaller in diameter than the DOEs in the peripheral area of the device. This can be a DOE array formed into (or as part of) a sheet, an eyeglass lens containing the DOE array, or a combination of a DOE sheet and an eyeglass lens.

[0119] Figure 15D Depicted are devices according to certain embodiments, wherein the DOEs in the central region of the device are larger in diameter than the DOEs in the peripheral region of the device. This can be a DOE array formed into (or as part of) a sheet, an eyeglass lens containing the DOE array, or a combination of a DOE sheet and an eyeglass lens.

[0120] Figure 16A Depicted is a front view of a device having an ROE array, wherein the central portion is filled with ROEs of smaller diameter, according to certain embodiments. This can be an ROE array formed into (or as part of) a sheet, an eyeglass lens containing an ROE array, or a combination of an ROE sheet and an eyeglass lens.

[0121] Figure 16BDepicted is a front view of a device having a DOE array, with the center portion filled with smaller diameter DOEs, according to certain embodiments. This can be a DOE array formed into (or as part of) a sheet, an eyeglass lens containing the DOE array, or a combination of a DOE sheet and an eyeglass lens.

[0122] Figure 17A Depicted is a device according to certain embodiments in which an ROE 61 is arranged in a horizontal meridian region while the rest of the array is free or substantially free of ROEs. This can be an ROE array formed as (or as part of) a sheet, an eyeglass lens containing an ROE array, or a combination of an ROE sheet and an eyeglass lens.

[0123] Figure 17B Depicted are devices according to certain embodiments in which ROEs are arranged in a vertical meridian region while other portions of the array are free or substantially free of ROEs. This can be an ROE array formed as (or as part of) a sheet, an eyeglass lens comprising an ROE array, or a combination of an ROE sheet and an eyeglass lens.

[0124] Figure 17C Depicted are devices according to certain embodiments in which ROEs are arranged on oblique meridian regions while other portions of the array are free or substantially free of ROEs. This can be an ROE array formed as (or as part of) a sheet, an eyeglass lens comprising an ROE array, or a combination of an ROE sheet and an eyeglass lens.

[0125] Figure 17D Depicted is a device according to certain embodiments in which DOEs 61 are arranged in a horizontal meridian region while the rest of the array is free or substantially free of DOEs. This can be a DOE array formed as (or as part of) a sheet, an eyeglass lens containing the DOE array, or a combination of a DOE sheet and an eyeglass lens.

[0126] Figure 17E Depicted are devices according to certain embodiments in which DOEs are arranged in a vertical meridian region while other portions of the array are free or substantially free of DOEs. This can be a DOE array formed into (or as part of) a sheet, an eyeglass lens containing the DOE array, or a combination of a DOE sheet and an eyeglass lens.

[0127] Figure 17F Depicted are devices according to certain embodiments in which DOEs are arranged on oblique meridian regions while other portions of the array are free or substantially free of DOEs. This can be a DOE array formed into (or as part of) a sheet, an eyeglass lens containing the DOE array, or a combination of a DOE sheet and an eyeglass lens.

[0128] Figure 18ASpectral sensitivity curves of the short (S), medium (M), and long (L) sensitive photoreceptors of the human retina are depicted.

[0129] Figure 18B Depicts longitudinal chromatic aberration of the human eye. Longitudinal chromatic aberration in diopters is plotted as a continuous function of visible wavelength. The figure also shows a table of focal shifts in diopters for various reference points / wavelengths relevant to the human eye. Focal shifts are calculated relative to a light wavelength of 540 nm.

[0130] Figure 19A Depicted is a two-dimensional power profile of an eyeglass lens embedded with an ROE array according to certain embodiments. The figure depicts the power profile over a 5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates.

[0131] Figure 19B Depicts an embedded Figure 19A A magnified version of the two-dimensional power profile of a spectacle lens with an ROE array shown in . The power profile over a 1 mm optical zone diameter is depicted on normalized coordinates to highlight the actual power (+1 D) of the ROE elements.

[0132] Figure 19C Shown with Figure 19A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 19A and 19B Figure 1. On-axis geometric spot diagram analysis at the retinal plane of a spectacle lens embedded with an ROE array as described in Figure 1. Spec ...

[0133] Figure 19D Shown with Figure 19A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 19A and 19B Spot plot analysis of a 5-degree off-axis geometry at the retinal plane when the spectacle lens described is applied to a model eye correcting for 2 diopters of myopia.

[0134] Figure 19E Shown with Figure 19A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 19A and 19B Figure 1. On-axis geometric spot diagram analysis at the retinal plane of a spectacle lens embedded with an ROE array as described in Figure 1. Spec ...

[0135] Figure 19F Shown with Figure 19A It describes the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 19A and 19B Spot plot analysis of a 5-degree off-axis geometry at the retinal plane when the spectacle lens described is applied to a model eye correcting for 2 diopters of myopia.

[0136] Figure 20A Depicted is a two-dimensional power profile of an eyeglass lens embedded with an ROE array according to certain embodiments. The figure depicts the power profile over a 5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates.

[0137] Figure 20B Depicts an embedded Figure 20A A magnified version of the two-dimensional power profile of a spectacle lens with an ROE array shown in Figure 1. The power profile over a 1 mm optical zone diameter is depicted on normalized coordinates to highlight the actual power (+2D) of the ROE elements.

[0138] Figure 20C Shown with Figure 20A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 20A and 20B Figure 1. On-axis geometric spot diagram analysis at the retinal plane of a spectacle lens embedded with an ROE array as described in Figure 1. Spec ...

[0139] Figure 20D Shown with Figure 20A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 20A and 20B Spot plot analysis of a 5-degree off-axis geometry at the retinal plane when the spectacle lens described is applied to a model eye correcting for 2 diopters of myopia.

[0140] Figure 20E Shown with Figure 20A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 20A and Figure 20B Figure 1. On-axis geometric spot diagram analysis at the retinal plane of a spectacle lens embedded with an ROE array as described in Figure 1. Spec ...

[0141] Figure 20F Shown with Figure 20AIt depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 20A and 20B Spot plot analysis of a 5-degree off-axis geometry at the retinal plane when the spectacle lens described is applied to a model eye correcting for 2 diopters of myopia.

[0142] Figure 21A Depicted is a two-dimensional power profile of an eyeglass lens embedded with an ROE array according to certain embodiments. The figure depicts the power profile over a 5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates.

[0143] Figure 21B Depicts an embedded Figure 21A A magnified version of the two-dimensional power profile of a spectacle lens with an ROE array shown in . The power profile over a 1 mm optical zone diameter is depicted on normalized coordinates to highlight the actual power (+1 D) of the ROE elements.

[0144] Figure 21C Shown with Figure 21A It describes the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 21A and 21B Figure 1. On-axis geometric spot diagram analysis at the retinal plane of a spectacle lens embedded with an ROE array as described in Figure 1. Spec ...

[0145] Figure 21D Shown with Figure 21A It describes the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 21A and 21B Spot plot analysis of a 5-degree off-axis geometry at the retinal plane when the spectacle lens described is applied to a model eye correcting for 2 diopters of myopia.

[0146] Figure 21E Shown with Figure 21A It describes the incident light with zero diopter when one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of the polychromatic source is incident on the used Figure 21A and Figure 21B Figure 1. On-axis geometric spot diagram analysis at the retinal plane of a spectacle lens embedded with an ROE array as described in Figure 1. Spec ...

[0147] Figure 21F Shown with Figure 21AIt describes the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 21A and 21B Spot plot analysis of a 5-degree off-axis geometry at the retinal plane on a model eye with 2 diopters of myopia corrected by the spectacle lenses described in .

[0148] Figure 22A A two-dimensional optical power profile of an eyeglass lens embedded with an ROE array according to certain embodiments is depicted. The optical power profile over a 5 mm optical zone diameter is depicted on normalized coordinates. The optical power of a single element is +2D.

[0149] Figure 22C Shown with Figure 22A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 22A Figure 1. On-axis geometric spot diagram analysis at the retinal plane of a spectacle lens embedded with an ROE array as described in Figure 1. Spec ...

[0150] Figure 22D Shown with Figure 22A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 22A Spot plot analysis of a 5-degree off-axis geometry at the retinal plane when the spectacle lens described is applied to a model eye correcting for 2 diopters of myopia.

[0151] Figure 22E Shown with Figure 22A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 22A Figure 1. On-axis geometric spot diagram analysis at the retinal plane of a spectacle lens embedded with an ROE array as described in Figure 1. Spec ...

[0152] Figure 22F Shown with Figure 22A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 22A Spot plot analysis of a 5-degree off-axis geometry at the retinal plane when the spectacle lens described is applied to a model eye correcting for 2 diopters of myopia.

[0153] Figure 23ADepicted is a two-dimensional power profile of an eyeglass lens embedded with an ROE array according to certain embodiments. The figure depicts the power profile over a 5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates.

[0154] Figure 23B Depicts an embedded Figure 23A A magnified version of the two-dimensional power profile of a spectacle lens with an ROE array shown in . The power profile over a 2.5 mm optical zone diameter is depicted on normalized coordinates to highlight the actual power (+2D) of the ROE elements.

[0155] Figure 23C Depicts the Figure 23A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 23A and 23B Figure 1. On-axis geometric spot diagram analysis at the retinal plane of a spectacle lens embedded with an ROE array as described in Figure 1. Spec ...

[0156] Figure 23D Depicts the Figure 23A It describes the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 23A and 23B Spot plot analysis of a 5-degree off-axis geometry at the retinal plane when the spectacle lens described is applied to a model eye correcting for 2 diopters of myopia.

[0157] Figure 23E Depicts the Figure 23A It describes the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 23A and Figure 23B Figure 1. On-axis geometric spot diagram analysis at the retinal plane of a spectacle lens embedded with an ROE array as described in Figure 1. Spec ...

[0158] Figure 23F Depicts the Figure 23A It describes the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 23A and 23B Spot plot analysis of a 5-degree off-axis geometry at the retinal plane when the spectacle lens described is applied to a model eye correcting for 2 diopters of myopia.

[0159] Figure 24ADepicted is a two-dimensional power profile of an eyeglass lens embedded with an ROE array according to certain embodiments. The figure depicts the power profile over a 5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates.

[0160] Figure 24B Depicts an embedded Figure 24A A magnified version of the two-dimensional power profile of a spectacle lens with an ROE array shown in . The power profile over a 3.5 mm optical zone diameter is depicted on normalized coordinates to highlight the actual power (+2D) of the ROE elements.

[0161] Figure 24C Shown with Figure 24A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 24A and 24B Figure 1. On-axis geometric spot diagram analysis at the retinal plane of a spectacle lens embedded with an ROE array as described in Figure 1. Spec ...

[0162] Figure 24D Shown with Figure 24A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 24A and 24B Spot plot analysis of a 5-degree off-axis geometry at the retinal plane when the spectacle lens described is applied to a model eye correcting for 2 diopters of myopia.

[0163] Figure 24E Shown with Figure 24A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 24A and Figure 24B Figure 1. On-axis geometric spot diagram analysis at the retinal plane of a spectacle lens embedded with an ROE array as described in Figure 1. Spec ...

[0164] Figure 24F Shown with Figure 24A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 24A and Figure 24B Spot plot analysis of a 5-degree off-axis geometry at the retinal plane when the spectacle lens described is applied to a model eye correcting for 2 diopters of myopia.

[0165] Figure 25ADepicted is a two-dimensional power profile of an eyeglass lens embedded with an ROE array according to certain embodiments. The figure depicts the power profile over a 5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates.

[0166] Figure 25B Depicts an embedded Figure 25A A magnified version of the two-dimensional power profile of a spectacle lens with an ROE array shown in . The power profile over a 2.5 mm optical zone diameter is depicted on normalized coordinates to highlight the actual power (+2D) of the ROE elements.

[0167] Figure 25C Shown with Figure 25A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 25A and 25B Figure 1. On-axis geometric spot diagram analysis at the retinal plane of a spectacle lens embedded with an ROE array as described in Figure 1. Spec ...

[0168] Figure 25D Shown with Figure 25A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 25A and 25B Spot plot analysis of a 5-degree off-axis geometry at the retinal plane when the spectacle lens described is applied to a model eye correcting for 2 diopters of myopia.

[0169] Figure 25E Shown with Figure 25A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 25A and Figure 25B Figure 1. On-axis geometric spot diagram analysis at the retinal plane of a spectacle lens embedded with an ROE array as described in Figure 1. Spec ...

[0170] Figure 25F Shown with Figure 25A It describes the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 25A and 25B Spot plot analysis of a 5-degree off-axis geometry at the retinal plane when the spectacle lens described is applied to a model eye correcting for 2 diopters of myopia.

[0171] Figure 26AA two-dimensional optical power profile of an eyeglass lens embedded with an ROE array according to certain embodiments is depicted. The figure depicts the optical power profile over a 5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates. The optical power of a single element is +1 D.

[0172] Figure 26C Shown with Figure 26A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 26A Figure 1. On-axis geometric spot diagram analysis at the retinal plane of a spectacle lens embedded with an ROE array as described in Figure 1. Spec ...

[0173] Figure 26D Shown with Figure 26A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 26A Spot plot analysis of a 5-degree off-axis geometry at the retinal plane when the spectacle lens described is applied to a model eye correcting for 2 diopters of myopia.

[0174] Figure 26E Shown with Figure 26A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 26A Figure 1. On-axis geometric spot diagram analysis at the retinal plane of a spectacle lens embedded with an ROE array as described in Figure 1. Spec ...

[0175] Figure 26F Shown with Figure 26A It describes the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 26A Spot plot analysis of a 5-degree off-axis geometry at the retinal plane when the spectacle lens described is applied to a model eye correcting for 2 diopters of myopia.

[0176] Figure 27A Depicted is a two-dimensional power distribution of an eyeglass lens embedded with an ROE array according to certain embodiments. The figure depicts the power distribution over a 5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates.

[0177] Figure 27B Depicts an embedded Figure 27A A magnified version of the two-dimensional power profile of a spectacle lens with an ROE array shown in FIG. The power profile over a 1.5 mm optical zone diameter is depicted on normalized coordinates to highlight the actual power (+2D) of the ROE elements.

[0178] Figure 27C Shown with Figure 27A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 27A and 27B Figure 1. On-axis geometric spot diagram analysis at the retinal plane of a spectacle lens embedded with an ROE array as described in Figure 1. Spec ...

[0179] Figure 27D Shown with Figure 27A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 27A and 27B Spot plot analysis of a 5-degree off-axis geometry at the retinal plane when the spectacle lens described is applied to a model eye correcting for 2 diopters of myopia.

[0180] Figure 27E Shown with Figure 27A It describes the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 27A and Figure 27B Figure 1. On-axis geometric spot diagram analysis at the retinal plane of a spectacle lens embedded with an ROE array as described in Figure 1. Spec ...

[0181] Figure 27F Shown with Figure 27A It describes the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 27A and 27B Spot plot analysis of a 5-degree off-axis geometry at the retinal plane when the spectacle lens described is applied to a model eye correcting for 2 diopters of myopia.

[0182] Figure 28A Depicted is a two-dimensional power profile of an eyeglass lens embedded with an ROE array according to certain embodiments. The figure depicts the power profile over a 5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates.

[0183] Figure 28B Depicts an embedded Figure 28A A magnified version of the two-dimensional power profile of a spectacle lens with an ROE array shown in Figure 1. The power profile over a 2 mm optical zone diameter is depicted on normalized coordinates to highlight the actual power (+2D) of the ROE elements.

[0184] Figure 28C Depicts the Figure 28A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 28A and 28B Figure 1. On-axis geometric spot diagram analysis at the retinal plane of a spectacle lens embedded with an ROE array as described in Figure 1. Spec ...

[0185] Figure 28D Depicts the Figure 28A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 28A and 28B Spot plot analysis of a 5-degree off-axis geometry at the retinal plane when the spectacle lens described is applied to a model eye correcting for 2 diopters of myopia.

[0186] Figure 28E Depicts the Figure 28A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 28A and Figure 28B Figure 1. On-axis geometric spot diagram analysis at the retinal plane of a spectacle lens embedded with an ROE array as described in Figure 1. Spec ...

[0187] Figure 28F Depicts the Figure 28A It describes the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 28A and 28B Spot plot analysis of a 5-degree off-axis geometry at the retinal plane when the spectacle lens described is applied to a model eye correcting for 2 diopters of myopia.

[0188] Figure 29A A two-dimensional optical power profile of an eyeglass lens embedded with an ROE array according to certain embodiments is depicted. The figure depicts the optical power profile over a 5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates. The optical power of a single element is +1 D.

[0189] Figure 29C Shown with Figure 29A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 29A Figure 1. On-axis geometric spot diagram analysis at the retinal plane of a spectacle lens embedded with an ROE array as described in Figure 1. Spec ...

[0190] Figure 29D Shown with Figure 29A It depicts the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 29A Spot plot analysis of a 5-degree off-axis geometry at the retinal plane when the spectacle lens described is applied to a model eye correcting for 2 diopters of myopia.

[0191] Figure 29E Shown with Figure 29A It describes the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 29A Figure 1. On-axis geometric spot diagram analysis at the retinal plane of a spectacle lens embedded with an ROE array as described in Figure 1. Spec ...

[0192] Figure 29F Shown with Figure 29A It describes the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 29A Spot plot analysis of a 5-degree off-axis geometry at the retinal plane when the spectacle lens described is applied to a model eye correcting for 2 diopters of myopia.

[0193] Figure 30A Depicted is a two-dimensional power profile of an eyeglass lens embedded with an ROE array according to certain embodiments. The figure depicts the power profile over a 5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates.

[0194] Figure 30B Depicts an embedded Figure 30A A magnified version of the two-dimensional power profile of a spectacle lens with an ROE array shown in . The power profile over a 2.5 mm optical zone diameter is depicted on normalized coordinates to highlight the actual power (+2D) of the ROE elements.

[0195] Figure 30C Shown with Figure 30A It describes the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 30A and 30B Figure 1. On-axis geometric spot diagram analysis at the retinal plane of a spectacle lens embedded with an ROE array as described in Figure 1. Spec ...

[0196] Figure 30D Shown with Figure 30AIt describes the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 30A and 30B Spot plot analysis of a 5-degree off-axis geometry at the retinal plane when the spectacle lens described is applied to a model eye correcting for 2 diopters of myopia.

[0197] Figure 30E Shown with Figure 30A It describes the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 30A and Figure 30B Figure 1. On-axis geometric spot diagram analysis at the retinal plane of a spectacle lens embedded with an ROE array as described in Figure 1. Spec ...

[0198] Figure 30F Shown with Figure 30A It describes the incident light with zero diopter convergence at one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of the polychromatic source incident on the used Figure 30A and 30B Spot plot analysis of a 5-degree off-axis geometry at the retinal plane when the spectacle lens described is applied to a model eye correcting for 2 diopters of myopia.

[0199] Figures 31 to 35 Depicted are front views of devices embedded with various types of optical patterns, according to certain embodiments.

[0200] Figure 36 is an example of a single vision spectacle lens (-2D) to correct an exemplary -2D model eye.

[0201] Figure 37 One such variation is applied to the front surface of a single vision spectacle lens (-2D) to correct an exemplary -2D myopic model eye. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0202] The following description provided is about several embodiments that can share common characteristics and features. It should be understood that one or more features of an embodiment can be combined with one or more features of other embodiments. In addition, a single feature or a combination of features in certain embodiments can constitute another embodiment. The specific structural and functional details disclosed herein should not be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching those skilled in the art to adopt the disclosed embodiments and variations of those embodiments in various ways.

[0203] The subject headings used in the detailed description are included for the convenience of the reader and should not be used to limit the subject matter found in the entire disclosure or claims. The subject headings should not be used to construct the scope of the claims or claim limitations.

[0204] One or more of the following advantages are found in one or more of the disclosed devices, methods, and / or systems:

[0205] A. The spectacle lens system provides a stop signal for at least a portion or a substantial portion of the visual field through the spectacle lens system to reduce or prevent ocular growth (or ametropia) in the wearer's eye, thereby increasing the potential to reduce the rate of myopia progression.

[0206] B. For effective myopia control, the wearer of the spectacle lens system does not have to look through a portion of the spectacle lens system.

[0207] C. The spectacle lens system visually looks like a typical spectacle lens and does not suffer from potential objections displayed by some wearers (eg, performing bifocals).

[0208] D. The ability to change the following: microlens array pattern, ROE array pattern, DOE array pattern, lenslet diameter, individual ROE diameter, individual DOE diameter, lenslet depth, sagittal depth of individual ROE surface, sagittal depth of individual DOE surface, spatial position of lenslets, spatial position of ROEs, spatial position of DOEs, focal length of lenslets, focal length of individual ROEs, focal length of individual DOEs, spacing between lenslets, spacing between individual ROEs, spacing between individual DOEs, refractive index of lenslet material, refractive index of individual ROEs, refractive index of individual DOEs, refractive index of eyeglass lens material; or a combination thereof.

[0209] E. An ophthalmic lens or ophthalmic lens system provides a stop signal to the wearer's eye to reduce or prevent eye development (or a state of refractive error) regardless of (or substantially regardless of) the gaze direction of the wearer's eye relative to the center of the ophthalmic lens or ophthalmic lens system.

[0210] F. To effectively slow eye growth, the wearer of an ophthalmic lens or ophthalmic lens system must not look through a portion of an ophthalmic lens system.

[0211] Certain embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to devices, methods, and / or systems capable of providing a spectacle lens system that provides a stop signal for a progressive eye regardless of which portion of the spectacle lens system is being used by the child and / or viewer.

[0212] Certain embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, and / or systems capable of providing spectacle lens systems and / or devices that can be combined with spectacle lenses, wherein the lenses (or combination products) provide a stop signal for progressive eye disease for a portion or a substantial portion of the visual angle of the spectacle lens system used by a person. In certain embodiments, a substantial portion of the visual angle can be understood to mean at least 55%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or 99% of the total visual angle achievable by wearing the spectacle lens system or wearing the device. In other embodiments, a substantial portion of the visual angle can be understood to mean at least 55%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or 99% of the total visual angle of the device in those portions or regions of the device containing the lenslets.

[0213] Certain embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, and / or systems capable of providing an ophthalmic lens system that provides a stop signal for eye development regardless of (or substantially regardless of) the gaze direction of the wearer's eye relative to the center of the ophthalmic lens or ophthalmic lens system.

[0214] Certain embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, and / or systems capable of providing ophthalmic lenses and / or devices that can be combined with spectacle lenses (referred to as lens systems), wherein the lenses (or combination products) provide a stop signal for eye development, wherein at least a substantial portion of a segment of the lens provides a portion or a substantial portion of the visual angle of the spectacle lens system used by a person providing the stop signal for eye development. In certain embodiments, at least a substantial portion of the visual angle can be understood to mean at least 55%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or 99% of the total visual angle achievable by wearing the spectacle lens system or wearing the device. In other embodiments, at least a substantial portion of the visual angle can be understood to mean at least 55%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or 99% of the total visual angle of the device in those portions or regions of the device containing the lenslets.

[0215] The microlens arrays, ROE arrays or DOE arrays disclosed herein can vary significantly in their properties. In certain embodiments, the microlens arrays, ROE arrays or DOE arrays can be manufactured as sheets, which can consist of more than 1 layer, for example, 2, 3, 4 or 5 layers. In certain embodiments, the microlens arrays, ROE arrays or DOE arrays can be manufactured as sheets, which can consist of at least 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 layers. The sheet can then be cut or constructed to be appropriately assembled or function in conjunction with a spectacle lens blank. The microlens array, ROE array or DOE array, or a sheet containing the microlens array, ROE array or DOE array, can be located on the front surface of a spectacle lens, on the back surface of a spectacle lens, embedded in a spectacle lens matrix, in the first layer of a spectacle lens, in the second layer of a spectacle lens, in the third layer of a spectacle lens, in the fourth layer of a spectacle lens, in the fifth layer of a spectacle lens, or a combination thereof. The microlens array, ROE array, or DOE array can be applied or adhered to an eyeglass lens so as to function in conjunction with the eyeglass lens in a variety of ways including, but not limited to, adhesives (thermal or chemical) or mechanical means.

[0216] In certain embodiments, the microlens array, ROE array, or DOE array can be integrally formed and / or molded as part of a spectacle lens. In certain embodiments, the spectacle lens containing the microlens array, ROE array, or DOE array can be formed and / or molded into multiple layers, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 layers. In certain embodiments, the spectacle lens containing the microlens array, ROE array, or DOE array can be formed and / or molded from at least 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 layers. The microlens array, ROE array, or DOE array can be located on the front surface of the spectacle lens, on the back surface of the spectacle lens, in the first layer of the spectacle lens, in the second layer of the spectacle lens, in the third layer of the spectacle lens, in the fourth layer of the spectacle lens, in the fifth layer of the spectacle lens, or a combination thereof.

[0217] Microlens, ROE or DOE

[0218] In certain embodiments, the fill ratio of the lenslets can be 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80% of the total surface area of the lenslet array. In certain embodiments, the fill ratio of the lenslets can be 10% to 20%, 10% to 30%, 20% to 40%, 20% to 50%, 30% to 50%, 40% to 60%, or 20% to 80% of the total surface area of the lenslet array. In certain embodiments, the fill ratio of the lenslets can be at least 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80% of the total surface area of the lenslet array. In certain embodiments, the fill ratio of the lenslets can be about 10%, approximately 10%, between 5% and 15%, between 8% and 12%, or at least 10% of the total surface area of the lenslet array.

[0219] In certain embodiments, the filling ratio of the ROE can be 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 80% of the total surface area of the ROE array. In certain embodiments, the filling ratio of the ROE can be 10% to 20%, 10% to 30%, 20% to 40%, 20% to 50%, 30% to 50%, 40% to 60%, 20% to 80% of the total surface area of the ROE array. In certain embodiments, the filling ratio of the ROE can be at least 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 80% of the total surface area of the ROE array. In certain embodiments, the filling ratio of the ROE can be about 10%, approximately 10%, between 5% and 15%, between 8% and 12%, or at least 10% of the total surface area of the ROE array.

[0220] In certain embodiments, the filling ratio of the DOEs can be 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 80% of the total surface area of the DOE array. In certain embodiments, the filling ratio of the DOEs can be 10% to 20%, 10% to 30%, 20% to 40%, 20% to 50%, 30% to 50%, 40% to 60%, 20% to 80% of the total surface area of the DOE array. In certain embodiments, the filling ratio of the DOEs can be at least 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 80% of the total surface area of the DOE array. In certain embodiments, the filling ratio of the DOEs can be about 10%, approximately 10%, between 5% and 15%, between 8% and 12%, or at least 10% of the total surface area of the DOE array.

[0221] In certain embodiments, the pupil filling ratio of the lenslets can be 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80% of the total surface area of the lenslet array. In certain embodiments, the pupil filling ratio of the lenslets can be 10% to 20%, 10% to 30%, 20% to 40%, 20% to 50%, 30% to 50%, 40% to 60%, or 20% to 80% of the total surface area of the lenslet array. In certain embodiments, the pupil filling ratio of the lenslets can be at least 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80% of the total surface area of the lenslet array. In certain embodiments, the pupil filling ratio of the lenslets can be about 10%, approximately 10%, between 5% and 15%, between 8% and 12%, or at least 10% of the total surface area of the lenslet array.

[0222] In certain embodiments, the pupil filling ratio of the ROE can be 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80% of the total surface area of the ROE array. In certain embodiments, the pupil filling ratio of the ROE can be 10% to 20%, 10% to 30%, 20% to 40%, 20% to 50%, 30% to 50%, 40% to 60%, or 20% to 80% of the total surface area of the ROE array. In certain embodiments, the pupil filling ratio of the ROE can be at least 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80% of the total surface area of the ROE array. In certain embodiments, the pupil filling ratio of the ROE can be about 10%, approximately 10%, between 5% and 15%, between 8% and 12%, or at least 10% of the total surface area of the ROE array.

[0223] In certain embodiments, the pupil filling ratio of the DOE can be 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 80% of the total surface area of the DOE array. In certain embodiments, the pupil filling ratio of the DOE can be 10% to 20%, 10% to 30%, 20% to 40%, 20% to 50%, 30% to 50%, 40% to 60%, 20% to 80% of the total surface area of the DOE array. In certain embodiments, the pupil filling ratio of the DOE can be at least 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 80% of the total surface area of the DOE array. In certain embodiments, the pupil filling ratio of the DOE can be about 10%, approximately 10%, between 5% and 15%, between 8% and 12%, or at least 10% of the total surface area of the DOE array.

[0224] In some embodiments, the pupil fill ratio can be constant or substantially constant with varying viewing angles. In other embodiments, the pupil fill ratio can vary with viewing angles. In still other embodiments, the pupil fill ratio can increase monotonically with viewing angles, decrease monotonically with viewing angles, or vary non-monotonically with viewing angles. In still other embodiments, the pupil fill ratio can vary gradually with viewing angles.

[0225] In some embodiments, the area of one or more microlenses in the microlens array can be approximately 314, 1963, 7854, 31416, 70686, 196350, 441786 square micrometers (μm 2 In some embodiments, the area of one or more ROEs in the ROE array can be approximately 314, 1963, 7854, 31416, 70686, 196350, or 441786 square microns. In some embodiments, the area of one or more DOEs in the DOE array can be approximately 314, 1963, 7854, 31416, 70686, 196350, or 441786 square microns.

[0226] In some embodiments, the diameter of one or more microlenses in the microlens array can be approximately 0.01, 0.05, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.75 mm, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the diameter of one or more microlenses in the microlens array can be approximately between 0.01 and 0.75 mm, between 0.01 and 0.2 mm, between 0.05 and 0.15 mm, between 0.05 and 0.2 mm, or a combination thereof.

[0227] In certain embodiments, the diameter of one or more ROEs in the ROE array can be approximately 0.01, 0.05, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.75 mm, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the diameter of one or more ROEs in the ROE array can be approximately between 0.01 and 0.75 mm, between 0.01 and 0.2 mm, between 0.05 and 0.15 mm, between 0.05 and 0.2 mm, or a combination thereof.

[0228] In certain embodiments, the diameter of one or more DOEs in the DOE array can be approximately 0.01, 0.05, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.75, 0.8, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the diameter of one or more DOEs in the DOE array can be approximately between 0.01 and 0.75 mm, between 0.01 and 0.2 mm, between 0.05 and 0.15 mm, between 0.05 and 0.2 mm; or a combination thereof.

[0229] In an exemplary embodiment, the shape of the microlenses, refractive and / or diffractive optical elements can be circular, semicircular, non-circular, elliptical, rectangular, hexagonal, square, or a combination thereof to introduce desired conflicting or opposing signals at adjacent M and / or L cones to produce a stop signal for progressive myopia.

[0230] In an exemplary embodiment, the arrangement of the elements of the array of microlenses, refractive and / or diffractive optical elements can be circular, semicircular, non-circular, elliptical, rectangular, hexagonal or square to introduce desired conflicting or opposing signals at adjacent M and / or L cones to produce a stop signal for progressive myopia.

[0231] In some embodiments, the center-to-center spacing (s) between two or more microlenses in the array can be 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 mm, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the center-to-center spacing (s) between two or more microlenses in the microlens array can be at least 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 mm, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the center-to-center spacing (s) between two or more microlenses in the microlens array can be between 0.05 and 8 mm, between 0.1 and 0.5 mm, between 0.2 and 10 mm, between 0.2 and 0.4 mm, between 1 and 3 mm, between 2 and 5 mm, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the center-to-center spacing (s) between two or more tiny lenses in a lenslet array can be about 0.2 mm, approximately 0.2 mm, at least 0.2 mm, 0.2 mm, about 0.3 mm, approximately 0.3 mm, at least 0.3 mm, 0.3 mm, about 0.4 mm, approximately 0.4 mm, at least 0.4 mm, 0.4 mm, or a combination thereof.

[0232] In certain embodiments, the center-to-center spacing (s) between two or more ROEs or DOEs in an array can be 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 mm, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the center-to-center spacing (s) between two or more ROEs or DOEs in an ROE / DOE array can be at least 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 mm, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the center-to-center spacing (s) between two or more ROEs or DOEs in an ROE / DOE array can be between 0.05 and 8 mm, between 0.1 and 0.5 mm, between 0.2 and 10 mm, between 0.2 and 0.4 mm, between 1 and 3 mm, between 2 and 5 mm, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the center-to-center spacing (s) between two or more ROEs or DOEs in an ROE / DOE array can be about 0.2 mm, approximately 0.2 mm, at least 0.2 mm, 0.2 mm, about 0.3 mm, approximately 0.3 mm, at least 0.3 mm, 0.3 mm, about 0.4 mm, approximately 0.4 mm, at least 0.4 mm, 0.4 mm, or a combination thereof.

[0233] In some embodiments, the boundary-to-boundary spacing between two or more microlenses in the array can be 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 mm, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the boundary-to-boundary spacing between two or more microlenses in the microlens array can be at least 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 mm, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the boundary-to-boundary spacing between two or more microlenses in the microlens array can be between 0 and 0.05, between 0.05 and 8 mm, between 0.1 and 0.5 mm, between 0.2 and 10 mm, between 0.2 and 0.4 mm, between 1 and 3 mm, between 2 and 5 mm, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the boundary-to-boundary spacing between two or more microlenses in a lenslet array can be about 0.2 mm, approximately 0.2 mm, at least 0.2 mm, 0.2 mm, about 0.3 mm, approximately 0.3 mm, at least 0.3 mm, 0.3 mm, about 0.4 mm, approximately 0.4 mm, at least 0.4 mm, 0.4 mm, or a combination thereof.

[0234] In certain embodiments, the boundary-to-boundary spacing between two or more ROEs or DOEs in an array can be 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 mm, or combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the boundary-to-boundary spacing between two or more ROEs or DOEs in an ROE / DOE array can be at least 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 mm, or combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the boundary-to-boundary spacing between two or more ROEs or DOEs in an ROE / DOE array can be between 0 and 0.05, between 0.05 and 8 mm, between 0.1 and 0.5 mm, between 0.2 and 10 mm, between 0.2 and 0.4 mm, between 1 and 3 mm, between 2 and 5 mm, or combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the boundary-to-boundary spacing between two or more ROEs or DOEs in an ROE / DOE array can be about 0.2 mm, approximately 0.2 mm, at least 0.2 mm, 0.2 mm, about 0.3 mm, approximately 0.3 mm, at least 0.3 mm, 0.3 mm, about 0.4 mm, approximately 0.4 mm, at least 0.4 mm, 0.4 mm, or a combination thereof.

[0235] In some embodiments, the shape of one or more of the microlenses or ROEs can be described by one or more of the following: spherical, aspherical, extended odd polynomials, extended even polynomials, conical sections, biconical sections, complex surfaces, or Zernike polynomials.

[0236] In certain other embodiments, the phase profile of one or more of the DOEs can be described by one or more of the following: a sphere, an aspheric surface, an extended odd polynomial, an extended even polynomial, a conical section, a biconical section, a toric surface, or a Zernike polynomial. The surface of one or more of the DOEs can be described as a binary step, 2-step, 4-step, 8-step, kinoform, or blazed grating.

[0237] In certain other embodiments, DOEs, particularly diffractive microlens arrays, can be fabricated by creating a continuous surface relief structure on a refractive eyeglass lens using direct laser writing techniques. Fermat's principle can be used to design, fabricate, and / or characterize diffractive optical elements, such as diffractive microlens arrays having a continuous deep surface relief structure, using parallel laser direct writing on a film that can be used in conjunction with conventional eyeglass lenses. In certain other embodiments, the DOEs can be in the form of strips on an eyeglass lens rather than an array of DOEs.

[0238] In some embodiments, the focal length of one or more of the microlenses can be at least 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000 mm, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the focal length of one or more of the microlenses can be less than 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000 mm, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the focal length of one or more of the microlenses can be between 300 and 500 mm, between 200 and 600 mm, between 100 and 2000 mm, between 250 and 600 mm, between 200 and 1000 mm, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the focal length of one or more of the microlenses can be between 300 and 500 mm.

[0239] In certain embodiments, the focal length of one or more of the ROE and / or DOE can be at least 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000 mm, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the focal length of one or more of the ROE and / or DOE can be less than 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000 mm, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the focal length of one or more of the ROE and / or DOE can be between 300 and 500 mm, between 200 and 600 mm, between 100 and 2000 mm, between 250 and 600 mm, between 200 and 1000 mm, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the focal length of one or more of the ROE and / or DOE can be between 300 and 500 mm.

[0240] In certain embodiments, the radius of curvature (R1) of one or more of the microlenses or ROEs can be approximately 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 70, 80, 100 mm, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the radius of curvature (R1) of one or more of the microlenses or ROEs can be less than 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 70, 80, 100 mm, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the radius of curvature (R1) of one or more of the microlenses or ROEs can be between 0.1 and 1.5 mm, between 0.5 and 50 mm, between 0.5 and 3 mm, between 1 and 10 mm, between 0.5 and 4 mm, between 1 and 20 mm, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the radius of curvature (R1) of one or more of the microlenses or ROEs can be about 1 mm, approximately 1 mm, about 0.5 mm, approximately 0.5 mm, about 1.5 mm, or approximately 1.5 mm.

[0241] In certain embodiments, the refractive index of one or more of the lenslets or ROEs can be higher than the refractive index of the material substantially surrounding (or enclosing) the lenslets or ROEs. This provides positive optical power for the lenslets or ROEs, but there may be exemplary embodiments where negative optical power is preferred, which can be achieved by selecting a lenslet or ROE with a lower refractive index than the refractive index of the material substantially surrounding (or enclosing) the lenslets or ROEs. In certain embodiments, useful ranges for the refractive index of the lenslets or ROEs are between 1.3 and 1.7, between 1 and 1.7, and between 1 and 1.5.

[0242] In certain embodiments where the lenslet array is a multilayer array, the refractive index of the layer containing the lenslet(s) can be higher than the refractive index of the layers of the array preceding the lenslet(s) layer. This can provide positive lenslet refractive power, but there may be exemplary embodiments where negative refractive power is desired, which can be achieved by selecting a lenslet layer with a lower refractive index than the layers preceding and / or following the lenslet(s) layer. In certain embodiments, the preferred ranges for the refractive index of the lenslet layer are between 1.3 and 1.7, between 1 and 2, or between 1 and 1.5.

[0243] In certain embodiments where the ROE array is a multilayer array, the refractive index of the layer containing the ROE(s) can be higher than the refractive index of the layers of the array preceding the layer containing the ROE(s). This can provide positive ROE optical power, but there may be exemplary embodiments where negative optical power is desired, which can be achieved by selecting the ROE layer to have a lower refractive index than the layers preceding and / or following the layer containing the ROE(s). In certain embodiments, useful ranges for the refractive index of the ROE layer are between 1.3 and 1.7, between 1 and 2, and between 1 and 1.5.

[0244] In certain embodiments, the smaller the difference between the refractive index of one or more microlenses (or the layer containing microlenses) compared to the refractive index of the region substantially surrounding the microlenses (or the refractive index of a layer preceding or following the layer containing the one or more microlenses), the smaller the radius of curvature can be for the same (or substantially the same) focal length. This can be advantageous in terms of manufacturability and quality consistency. In certain embodiments, it is contemplated that the difference between the two refractive indices is approximately 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, or 0.1.

[0245] In certain embodiments, the smaller the difference between the refractive index of one or more ROEs (or layers containing ROEs) compared to the refractive index of the region substantially surrounding the ROE (or the refractive index of a layer preceding or following the layer containing the one or more ROEs), the smaller the radius of curvature can be made for the same (or substantially the same) focal length. This can be advantageous in terms of manufacturability and quality consistency. In certain embodiments, it is contemplated that the difference between the two refractive indices is approximately 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, or 0.1.

[0246] In certain embodiments, it is also possible to completely or partially omit the layers and expose the microlenses to air, which has a refractive index of 1. This may have the advantage of simplifying the manufacturing.

[0247] In certain embodiments, it is also possible to completely or partially omit the layers and expose the ROE to air, which has a refractive index of 1. This may offer the advantage of simplifying the manufacturing.

[0248] In certain embodiments, such as Figure 2 The optical variations shown in provide additional parameters to facilitate ease of manufacturing and consistent optical quality. By having two curvature radii and three refractive index variables, optical properties like longitudinal chromatic aberration can also be optimized.

[0249] In certain embodiments, having a uniform pattern of microlenses, ROEs, or DOEs across the entire eyeglass lens can be easier to manufacture and implement, however, a non-uniform arrangement of the microlenses, ROEs, or DOE arrays can be advantageous in terms of efficacy and wear resistance. The non-uniformity can relate to the fill ratio of the microlenses, ROEs, or DOEs; the diameter of the microlenses, ROEs, or DOEs; the radius or focal length of the microlenses, ROEs, or DOEs; the refractive index of the microlenses, ROEs, or DOEs; or the spacing between the microlenses, ROEs, or DOEs; or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, a uniform arrangement of the microlenses, DOEs, or ROE arrays can relate to the fill ratio, microlens / ROE / DOE diameter, radius or focal length, refractive index, or spacing, or a combination thereof.

[0250] In certain embodiments, a substantial portion of the microlenses constituting the microlens array can be understood to mean at least 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or 98% of the microlenses. In certain embodiments, a substantial portion of the microlenses constituting the microlens array can be understood to mean 20 to 80%, 20 to 60%, 30 to 80%, 40 to 90%, 50 to 99%, 60 to 70%, 80 to 95%, 85 to 98%, or 60 to 80% of the microlenses.

[0251] In certain embodiments, a substantial portion of the ROEs or DOEs comprising an array of ROEs or DOEs can be understood to mean at least 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or 98% of the ROEs or DOEs. In certain embodiments, a substantial portion of the ROEs or DOEs comprising an array of ROEs or DOEs can be understood to mean 20 to 80%, 20 to 60%, 30 to 80%, 40 to 90%, 50 to 99%, 60 to 70%, 80 to 95%, 85 to 98%, or 60 to 80% of the ROEs and DOEs.

[0252] In certain embodiments, the microlenses, ROEs, or DOE arrays are positioned, formed, placed, or a combination thereof, on the anterior surface, the posterior surface, embedded in the lens matrix, or a combination thereof. In certain other embodiments, the microlenses, ROEs, or DOE arrays are positioned, formed, placed, or a combination thereof, on one of the two surfaces of an ophthalmic lens, while the other surface may have other features for further reducing eye growth, including but not limited to one or more of reducing peripheral hyperopic defocus, inducing myopic defocus, reducing accommodative lag, or a combination thereof. In certain other embodiments, the microlenses, ROEs, or DOE arrays are positioned, formed, placed, or a combination thereof, on one of the two surfaces of an ophthalmic lens, while the other surface has relative hyperopia incorporated into the surface profile to further reduce eye growth.

[0253] In certain embodiments, the microlenses, ROEs, or DOE arrays are positioned, formed, placed, or a combination thereof, on the anterior surface, on the posterior surface, embedded in the lens matrix, or a combination thereof. In other embodiments, the microlenses, ROEs, or DOE arrays are positioned in certain areas of the anterior or posterior surface or embedded in the lens matrix, while other areas of the anterior or posterior surface or lens matrix are dedicated to generating myopic defocus characteristics. Example

[0254] Example 1: Three-layer micro lens array

[0255] FIG1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a multilayer microlens array in a side view, not drawn to scale. Layer L1 is a transparent foil that serves as the substrate for the microlens array. The foil is a plastic polymer, although other suitable materials may also be used. In this embodiment, layer L2 contains a number of microlenses, which are shown in FIG1 in side view as small surface heights 5 on the surface of layer L2. In this embodiment, the diameter (d) or 11 for each microlens is approximately 0.1 mm. The focal path of light entering the microlens array is demonstrated by 12 in FIG1. The material used in layer L2 is another plastic polymer, although other suitable materials may also be used. In this embodiment, the filling ratio in layer L2 is approximately 10%. Layer L3 is a protective layer covering layer L2. The material used in layer L3 is a plastic adhesive, although other suitable materials may also be used. Layer L4 in FIG1 is air located above the microlens array. FIG1 also shows an optional transparent adhesive 6 that can be used to adhere the microlens array to another surface, such as the surface of a spectacle lens.

[0256] In this embodiment, the inter-lenslet spacing (s) or 8 is approximately 0.3 mm and is the distance between each microlens measured from the center of each lenslet. The focal length f or 7 is between 300 and 500 mm. For each microlens in this embodiment, the radius of curvature (R1) or 10 is approximately 1 mm.

[0257] In this embodiment, the refractive index value of L2 is higher than the refractive index value of L3. In this embodiment, the refractive index value of L2 is between 1.3 and 1.7.

[0258] Example 2: Three-layer micro lens array

[0259] Figure 2 An exemplary embodiment of a multi-layer microlens array is shown in side view. In this example, microlenses are found on the surfaces of two separate layers in the microlens array. 13 The layer is a transparent foil that serves as a substrate for the microlens array and it also contains a portion of the microlenses 18, which in this embodiment are Figure 2 The foil is a plastic adhesive. In this embodiment, L 14 The layer contains many tiny lenses 17 concentric with the tiny lenses 18. Figure 2 The side view shows layer L 14 The small bumps 17 on the surface. In this embodiment, the diameter (d) or 19 of each lenslet is approximately 0.1 mm. The focal path of the light entering the microlens array is Figure 2 20 is used as an example. 14 The material used in the layer is a plastic polymer, however other suitable materials may be used. 14 The filling ratio in the layer is approximately 10%. 15 Layer is covered L 14 Layer of protective layer. 15 The material used in the layers is another plastic adhesive. Figure 2 L in 16 The layer is the air above the array of tiny lenses. Figure 2 Also shown is an optional transparent adhesive 21 which can be used to adhere the microlens array to another surface, such as the surface of a spectacle lens.

[0260] In this embodiment, the pitch (s) or 22 is approximately 0.3 mm and is the distance between the individual microlenses measured from the center of each lenslet. The focal length f or 22 is between 300 and 500 mm. In this microlens array, there are two radii of curvature R1 (R1) and R2 (R1). R1 or 23 is the radius of curvature of layer L. 13 The radius of curvature in the layer is approximately 1.1 mm for each microlens in the layer in this embodiment. R2 or 24 is the radius of curvature of the layer L. 14 The radius of curvature in the layer is about 1 mm for each microlens in the layer in this embodiment. 13 The refractive index value is higher than L 14 And L 14 The refractive index value is higher than L 15 This configuration is less sensitive to small variations in refractive index or radius of curvature, allowing for easier manufacturing while still providing a precise focal length for the lenslet.

[0261] Example 3: Two-layer microlens array

[0262] Figures 3A to 3E A non-limiting exemplary embodiment of a microlens array relative to an eyeglass lens system is depicted in side view. There are many other suitable implementations of using microlenses on eyeglass lenses. Figures 3A to 3EThe geometry of the microlenses may depend on many factors, including but not limited to: the refractive index, diameter, radius of curvature of the substrate, the effective focal length of each lenslet, the spacing between lenslets, or a combination thereof.

[0263] Figure 3A Depicted is a spectacle lens system in which convex microlenses are molded directly into the spectacle lens, either on the front or back surface. Figure 3A Depicted are tiny lenses 26 molded into the front of the spectacle lens 25. The area closer to the eye is 27, and the area outside the spectacle lens is 28. Figure 3A Not shown are tiny lenses molded onto the back surface of the eyeglass lens, however, such a design is contemplated in the present disclosure.

[0264] Figure 3B A spectacle lens system is depicted in which a convex microlens 31 is molded directly into a spectacle lens 32, acting as a doublet with the microlens 31 between two lens halves (or portions) 29 and 30. In this embodiment, the two halves (or portions) 29 and 30 have different refractive indices. Figure 3B Depicted are tiny lenses 31 molded onto the front of a lens half (or portion) 29 of a spectacle lens 32 .

[0265] Figure 3C A spectacle lens system is depicted in side view, wherein a spectacle lens 35 has concave dips 34 molded or machined into the front surface of the spectacle lens 35 prior to the addition of the material forming the tiny lenses. To create the spectacle lens 32, the concave dips are filled with a material having a different refractive index than the material of the spectacle lens to form the tiny lenses 33. The present disclosure also contemplates a spectacle lens in which convex dips are molded or machined into the back surface of the spectacle lens and these convex dips are filled with a material having a different refractive index than the material of the spectacle lens to form the tiny lenses. This embodiment is not described in detail herein. Figure 3C . The present disclosure also contemplates a spectacle lens wherein a posterior concave depression is molded or machined on the front surface of the spectacle lens, and wherein a convex depression is molded or machined on the back surface of the spectacle lens. The depressions on both sides of the spectacle lens are filled with material so as to create micro lenses and a spectacle lens. The materials used to fill the depressions may have substantially the same refractive index or different refractive indices. However, the refractive index of the material (or materials) used to fill the depressions will generally be different from the refractive index of the spectacle lens material. This embodiment is not described in detail herein. Figure 3C The depressions may be formed using any number of suitable techniques, such as molding, photochemical processing, embossing, electro-discharge manufacturing, or a combination thereof.

[0266] Figure 3D A spectacle lens system is depicted in which convex microlenses 36 are printed onto a spectacle lens 37 to form a spectacle lens 38 on the front or back surface. Figure 3D Depicted are tiny lenses 36 printed on the front of a spectacle lens 37. The tiny lenses printed on the back surface of the spectacle lens are not shown. Figure 3D However, this design is contemplated in the present disclosure. The tiny lenses printed on the back and front surfaces of the eyeglass lenses are not shown in FIG. Figure 3D , however, this design is contemplated in the present disclosure. The printed microlenses will have a different refractive index than the eyeglass lens 37.

[0267] Figure 3E A spectacle lens system is depicted in which concave minute lens portions 39 are formed in a spectacle lens 40 using a thermal and / or chemical process to locally modify the refractive index of the minute lens portions 39 in the blank 40 to form a spectacle lens 41 on the front or back surface. This process creates a locally gradient refractive index lens to focus light. Figure 3E Depicted are tiny lenses 39 formed by changing the refractive index on a portion of the spectacle lens 40 in the front portion of the spectacle lens 40 to form the spectacle lens 41. Figure 3E The convex microlens portion formed in the back of the spectacle lens to form the spectacle lens is not shown in the present disclosure, however, such a design is contemplated in the present disclosure. The present disclosure also contemplates a spectacle lens in which a concave microlens portion is formed on the front of the spectacle lens, and in which a convex microlens portion is formed on the back of the spectacle lens. The concave and convex microlens portions are formed so that they have substantially the same refractive index or different refractive indices; however, the refractive index of the concave and convex microlens portions formed will generally be different from the refractive index of other areas of the spectacle lens that are not affected by the thermal and / or chemical process. This embodiment is not shown in the present disclosure. Figure 3E Shown in.

[0268] Example 4: Using tiny lens arrays for glasses in myopic model eyes

[0269] The following exemplary embodiments relate to methods for modifying incident light through a spectacle lens system that provides conflicting color cues at the retinal plane of the corrective eye. This can be achieved by using a microlens array system in conjunction with a spectacle lens for correcting myopia. In short, by introducing conflicting color cues / signals at the retinal level, a microlens array can be used in conjunction with a spectacle lens to reduce the rate of myopia progression. In certain embodiments, a microlens array can be used in conjunction with a spectacle lens to reduce the rate of myopia progression by introducing a spectrally and / or spatially varying focal pattern (serving as a stop signal) on the retina of the wearer's eye.

[0270] introduction:

[0271] Photoreceptors contain chemicals that react when exposed to light. This results in an electrical signal, which is then sent along the optic nerve to the brain. Different types of photoreceptors allow us to see a wide range of light intensities: from twinkling stars to bright sunlight, and of course, the colors of the rainbow. There are two basic types of photoreceptors in the human retina: rods and cones. Rods aid in visual detection because they are most sensitive to changes in light and dark, shape / form, and movement. They contain only one type of light-sensitive pigment. There are approximately 120 million rods in the human retina. Cones, on the other hand, contribute to color vision and visual resolution. There are approximately 6 million cones in the human retina. Human retinal cones can be further divided into three types based, at least in part, on their sensitivity to the wavelength of incident light: namely, S cones (sensitive to short wavelengths), M cones (sensitive to medium wavelengths), and L cones (sensitive to long wavelengths). S, M, and L cones have peak sensitivities at approximately 444 nm, 535 nm, and 565 nm, respectively, as demonstrated in Figure 18. The S cone population in the human retina makes up approximately 5-10% of the total cones. The remaining 90-95% of the cones are either M or L type. L cones are approximately 2 to 3 times more numerous than M cones. S cones are different from L and M cones. The sensitivity curve of S cones (peaking at approximately 430-435 nm) is different from the sensitivity curves of M and L cones. The sensitivity curves of M and L type cones are very similar (in other words, they overlap over a wide range of visible wavelengths), with their peaks close to each other at approximately 530 to 535 nm and approximately 555 to 560 nm, respectively. For modeling purposes, a wavelength of 555 nm is typically used to deduce the refractive state of the eye, as this falls at the intersection of the L and M cone sensitivity curves. The geographical distribution of rods and cones on the retina is known. Rods are concentrated in the peripheral retina, while cones are concentrated in the macular region. S cones are typically absent in the foveal region. The peripheral retina is relatively free of cones, while the macular region, on the other hand, is typically completely free of rods.

[0272] In a monochrome world ( Figure 4 ), the emmetropic eye with equal (or substantially equal) magnitude of positive or negative defocus applied produces myopic defocus 42 and hyperopic defocus 43 on the retina, respectively. In both cases, the intensity of the blur produced at the retina 44 is essentially indistinguishable from each other, as long as the emmetropic eye under consideration has no other higher-order perturbations or aberrations. In other words, if the blur on the retina 44 is caused by myopic defocus 42 (solid line) or hyperopic defocus 43 (dashed line), the eye cannot decode it. However, the real world is inherently polychromatic, and the wavelength of visible light that we typically perceive ranges from 420nm to 700nm.

[0273] Assume that a human emmetropia is defined as an arbitrary wavelength (e.g., 555 nm) that is roughly halfway across the visible spectrum (420 nm to 700 nm). The same eye will be relatively more hyperopic for long wavelength light (e.g., 610 nm) and more myopic for medium wavelength light (e.g., 510 nm). An arbitrary wavelength example representing medium and long wavelengths (510 nm and 610 nm) is 75% of the peak sensitivity of the medium and long wavelength cones. Recent research supports the contention that the ocular system uses color signals from longitudinal chromatic aberration to decode the sign of defocus to guide the emmetropization process.

[0274] When the emmetropic eye is subjected to equal (or substantially equal) magnitude of positive or negative defocus in a polychromatic world, it produces different scenarios. Figure 5 As shown, here, the incident optical signal is polychromatic, so the output pattern produces two color cones A (45) and B (46). In each cone A (45) or B (46) of this embodiment, the foci of short, medium and long incident wavelengths are respectively at A (45) and B (46). b (45B), A g (45G) and A r (45R); and at B b (46B), B g (46G) and B r (46R). These multiple foci act as additional cues to the visual system. Now, although the blur on the retina C (47) is caused by myopic and hyperopic defocus, A g (45G) and B g (46G) are not different (or substantially not different) from each other. By taking into account the r (45R) and B r (46R) Combined with focus A b (45B) and B b (46B) provides the color signal that the eye can use to decode the sign of defocus (i.e., distinguish between near- and far-sighted defocus). This process is facilitated by variations in cones with sensitivities to different wavelengths.

[0275] Certain embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatus, methods and / or systems that utilize detection of color cues and generation of conflicting signals at the retinal level, which in turn can help promote a reduction in the rate of change in eye development in progressive myopia. Certain embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatus, methods and / or systems that introduce conflicting optical signals at the retinal level to adjacent M cone receptors that play a key role in controlling the development of myopia. Certain other embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatus, methods and / or systems that introduce conflicting optical signals at the retinal level to adjacent L cone receptors that hold cues to the direction of eye development. Certain other embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatus, methods and / or systems that alter longitudinal chromatic aberration within a wavelength range corresponding to the approximate peak sensitivity of the M and L cone receptors of the wearer's retina. Certain embodiments relate to apparatus and / or systems that utilize introduction of a spectrally and / or spatially varying focus pattern on the retina of the wearer's eye to serve as a stop signal for progressive myopia.

[0276] Description of the model eye used for simulation:

[0277] The prescription parameters for the eye model used to simulate the results in this exemplary embodiment are provided below in Table 1. These parameter values provide for a -2 diopters D myopia defined as a monochromatic wavelength of 555 nm.

[0278]

[0279]

[0280] Table 1: Parameter values of the 2D myopic model eye.

[0281] The parameter values described in Table 1 are by no means necessary to demonstrate the effects described. This is just one of many models that can be used for simulation purposes. For example, in other exemplary embodiments, model eyes such as those of Liou-Brennan, Escudero-Navarro, Atchison, etc. can be used instead of the model eyes described above. Parameters of the cornea, lens, retina, ocular stroma, or a combination thereof can also be modified to aid in the simulation.

[0282] Results of model eye simulation

[0283] Figure 6A Schematic diagram of a model eye with uncorrected 2-diopter myopia. Incident monochromatic (555 nm) light has zero diopter convergence. Figure 6B Depicts Figure 6A On-axis geometric dot plot analysis at the retinal plane of the model described in . Figure 6BIt can be seen that the on-axis geometric ray and point analysis (48) of the uncorrected -2 diopters myopic model eye shows that the retinal surface experiences myopic blur. This myopic blur can be corrected by using single vision spectacle lenses. For simulation purposes, the uncorrected -2 diopters myopic model eye was corrected using spectacle lenses having the parameters described in Table 2. Figure 7 A two-dimensional refractive power distribution diagram of a single vision lens is shown, which indicates that the refractive power distribution within the normalized coordinate range is uniform (or substantially uniform) and has a refractive power of approximately -2 diopters. Figure 8A ) and then recalculate the geometry and point analysis ( Figure 8B As indicated, for monochromatic light (555 nm), the geometric blur (and Figure 8B ) has been reduced to a small dot (49), which is comparable in size to an Airy Disk. Figure 9 and Figure 10A 、 Figure 10B and Figure 10C As shown, when the myopic model eye plus a single vision spectacle lens system encounters another wavelength (610 nm corresponding to some L cones), the retina experiences hyperopic blur. While not wishing to be bound by a particular theory, the underlying hypothesis of this example (and certain embodiments) assumes that detecting L cones that are hyperopic and blurred by the corrective technology (in this example, single vision correction) can trigger developmental signals that lead to myopia progression. Figure 10F Schematic diagram showing a monocular myopia (Rx = -2D) corrected with a single vision lens (Rx = -2D). Incident polychromatic light is focused at the level of the retina. Figure 10F The enlarged portion shows the specific focal points of light wavelengths corresponding to the S, M, and L cones.

[0284] As an alternative method of correcting an exemplary -2 diopter myopia model eye. This exemplary embodiment describes the use of a microlens array in conjunction with a single vision spectacle lens ( Figure 11A and Figure 11B ). Figure 11A Depicts the refractive power distribution of a -2 diopter spectacle lens embedded with an array of tiny lenses. Figure 11A The field coordinates of the exemplary refractive power distribution diagram in are normalized, and they represent a -2 diopter refractive power distribution over a 5 mm area diameter. Figure 11B Depicted is the sag profile of a -2 diopter spectacle lens embedded with an array of tiny lenses. Figure 11B The field coordinates of the exemplary sag profiles in are not normalized, and they represent the two-dimensional sag distribution over a 20 mm area diameter.

[0285] The parameters of the microlens array used for the simulation are provided in Table 2. It can be seen that, just like the single-vision test case, for the monochromatic wavelength of 555 nm, the geometric blur is comparable to the Elliott disk. However, for the 610 nm test case, unlike the single-vision lens test case, the microlens array produces two different types of blur ( Figure 12A 、 Figure 12B and Figure 12C ), even though most of the blur is still hyperopic, there are areas on the retina where light is focused. This situation generates conflicting signals with the L cones, some of which detect hyperopic defocus, while others in the same retinal area experience an in-focus image. This example shows that when corrections are in place to provide conflicting signals to the retina, the ocular system chooses to favor the in-focus image. This, in turn, slows the rate of eye growth and / or myopia progression.

[0286]

[0287] Table 2: Parameters of micro lens arrays used in combination with eyeglass lenses

[0288] The simulated microlens array consists of two layers: a base layer and the front surface of the spectacle lens itself. The actual microlenses are designed on the front surface of the spectacle lens by varying the sagittal depth to create undulations on the spectacle lens. In this embodiment, the radius of curvature of each microlens is maintained at 160mm, however other variations are envisioned in this disclosure. In this example, all microlenses are circular in nature and the diameter is each chosen to be 200μm, however other variations are envisioned in this disclosure. The total number of microlenses designed on the 20mm spectacle blank is a 100x100 grid array, however other variations are envisioned in this disclosure. The spacing between any two microlenses is roughly 800μm, however other variations are envisioned in this disclosure. In order to obtain Figure 11A For the power profile shown in FIG, the substrate material is chosen to have a refractive index of 1.52, the same Abbe's index as the spectacle lens material. However, other variations in refractive index are contemplated within the present disclosure.

[0289] Example 4b: DOE array used in conjunction with eyeglass lenses for myopia

[0290] Figure 12Dis an alternative approach to correcting an exemplary -2 diopter myopic model eye. This exemplary embodiment describes the correction of an exemplary -2 diopter myopic model eye using an optical film comprising an array of DOEs applied to the front surface of a single vision spectacle lens (-2D). The example highlights two adjacent areas of the retina where an incident polychromatic parallel light beam is focused. The focal points corresponding to the wavelengths of the S, M, and L cones at two different but adjacent retinal points (21, 22, and 23) and (31, 32, and 33) are highlighted. As can be seen from the two magnified views at adjacent retinal points, some L cones (33) experience an in-focus image while some other L cones in the adjacent retinal area (33) experience a hyperopic signal. This situation is referred to as conflicting, opposing, and / or inconsistent optical signals at the level of the L cone receptors. While not wishing to be bound by a particular theory, the underlying hypothesis of this example (and certain embodiments) assumes that conflicting, opposing, or inconsistent optical signals between adjacent L cones can trigger a stop signal, thereby resulting in a reduced rate of myopia progression.

[0291] The simulated DOE array consists of two layers: a coating layer bonded to the front surface of the eyeglass lens and a substrate (DOE) layer. However, other variations including three, four, or five layers are contemplated in the present disclosure. In this example 4b, all DOEs are circular in nature, however, other variations are contemplated in the present disclosure. In some other embodiments ( Figures 31 to 35 ), DOE and ROE strips are envisaged that aim to introduce conflicting optical signals at the retinal level, particularly at the M and / or L cone receptors.

[0292] Example 5: Complete grid microlens or ROE array

[0293] Figure 13AA front view of a device having a complete grid of microlenses or ROE arrays 60 that can be used as a covering on or incorporated into eyeglass lenses, according to certain embodiments, is depicted. The grid of the array is substantially filled with microlenses or ROEs 61. As shown at 62 and 63, the example glasses are mounted on the wearer's pupils. As disclosed herein, the physical size and optical properties of the microlenses or ROEs can vary. In this embodiment, as disclosed elsewhere in this specification, each microlens or ROE can have a diameter of 50 to 500 μm and a focal length of 250 to 4000 mm. In this embodiment, the diameter of each microlens or ROE (or a substantial portion of a microlens or ROE) is the same or substantially the same. In this embodiment, the focal length of each microlens or ROE (or a substantial portion of a microlens or ROE) is the same or substantially the same. However, the present disclosure contemplates variations in the width and / or focal length of the microlenses or ROEs within the array. In this exemplary embodiment, the fill ratio refers to the proportion of the area covered by the microlenses or ROEs according to the following equation:

[0294]

[0295] where d 2 is the square of the diameter of a single microlens or ROE 70 and s is the distance between adjacent single microlenses or ROEs 71 and 72 measured from the center of each microlens or ROE. The generalized fill ratio of a microlens or ROE can be calculated using the following equation.

[0296]

[0297] Example 5b: Complete grid DOE array

[0298] Figure 13B A front view of a device having a complete grid DOE array 60 that can be used as a covering on or incorporated into an eyeglass lens is depicted in accordance with certain embodiments. The grid of the array substantially fills the DOEs 61. The example eyewear is mounted over the pupil of the wearer as shown at 63. The physical size and optical properties of the DOEs can vary as disclosed herein. In this example, the diameter of each DOE is the same or substantially the same. In this example, the focal length of each DOE is the same or substantially the same. However, the present disclosure contemplates variations in the width and / or focal length of the DOEs within the array. The fill ratio of such an array of DOEs is derived from the equation in Example 5. One of the DOEs is enlarged to enhance the appearance of the diffraction groove features.

[0299] Example 6: A microlens or ROE array having a center portion as an area without a microlens or ROE

[0300] Figure 14A 、 Figure 14B and Figure 14C Depicted is a front view of a device having an array of microlenses or ROEs 60, wherein a central portion of the device is free of or substantially free of microlenses or ROEs, according to certain embodiments. Figure 14A A device is depicted wherein the circular center portion of the device is free or substantially free of microlenses or ROEs. Figure 14A The central circular opening shown in 62 (the area without the microlenses or ROE) can have a diameter of 3 to 15 mm, 3 to 10 mm, 5 to 12 mm, or 7 to 15 mm. In some embodiments, the central portion can be understood to refer to that portion of the device centered or substantially centered around the pupil of the eye shown in 62 and 63. In some embodiments, the central portion can be understood to refer to that portion of the device centered or substantially centered around the primary line of sight of the eye.

[0301] Figure 14B A device is depicted wherein the horizontal center portion of the device has no or substantially no microlenses or ROEs. The non-circular opening in this embodiment has a wider area in the horizontal dimension that is free of microlenses or ROEs. Figure 14B The diameter of the horizontal opening shown in (the area without lenslets or ROE) can be 3 to 15 mm, 3 to 10 mm, 5 to 12 mm, or 7 to 15 mm.

[0302] Figure 14C A device is depicted wherein the vertical center portion of the device is free or substantially free of microlenses or ROEs. The non-circular opening in this embodiment has a wider area in the vertical dimension that is free of microlenses or ROEs. Figure 14C The diameter of the vertical opening shown in (the area without the microlens) may be 3 to 15 mm, 3 to 10 mm, 5 to 12 mm, or 7 to 15 mm.

[0303] These arrays of microlenses or ROEs in this embodiment can be used as a covering on eyeglass lenses or incorporated into eyeglass lenses. The array embodiment is filled with microlenses or ROEs 61. As disclosed herein, the physical dimensions and optical properties of the microlenses or ROEs can vary. In these embodiments, as disclosed in this specification, each microlens or ROE (or a substantial portion of a microlens or ROE) can have a width ranging from 25 to 250 μm and a focal length ranging from 250 to 4000 mm. In these embodiments, the diameter of each microlens or ROE (or a major portion of a microlens or ROE) is the same or substantially the same. In this embodiment, the focal length of each microlens or ROE (or a substantial portion of a microlens or ROE) is the same or substantially the same. However, the present disclosure contemplates variations in the width and / or focal length of the microlenses or ROEs within the array.

[0304] Example 6a: DOE array with the center portion as the area without DOE

[0305] Figure 14D 、 Figure 14E and Figure 14F Depicted is a front view of a device having an array of DOEs 60, wherein a central portion of the device is free or substantially free of DOEs, according to certain embodiments. Figure 14D A device is depicted wherein the circular center portion of the device is free or substantially free of DOEs. Figure 14D The diameter of the central circular opening shown in 62 (the area without the DOE) can be 3 to 15 mm, 3 to 10 mm, 5 to 12 mm, or 7 to 15 mm. In certain embodiments, the central portion can be understood to refer to that portion of the device centered or substantially centered around the pupil of the eye shown in 62 and 63. In certain embodiments, the central portion can be understood to refer to that portion of the device centered or substantially centered around the primary line of sight of the eye.

[0306] Figure 14E A device is depicted wherein the horizontal center portion of the device is free or substantially free of DOEs. The non-circular opening in this embodiment has a wider DOE-free area in the horizontal dimension. Figure 14E The diameter of the horizontal opening shown in (the area without DOE) can be 3 to 15 mm, 3 to 10 mm, 5 to 12 mm, or 7 to 15 mm.

[0307] Figure 14F A device is depicted wherein the vertical center portion of the device has no or substantially no DOEs. The non-circular opening in this embodiment has a wider microlens or DOE-free area in the vertical dimension. Figure 14F The diameter of the vertical opening shown in (the area without DOE) can be 3 to 15 mm, 3 to 10 mm, 5 to 12 mm, or 7 to 15 mm.

[0308] The DOE arrays in this embodiment can be used as a covering on eyeglass lenses or incorporated into eyeglass lenses. The array embodiment is populated with DOEs 61. The physical size and optical properties of the DOEs can vary as disclosed herein. In these embodiments, each DOE can have a width ranging from 25 to 500 μm and a focal length ranging from 250 to 4000 mm, as disclosed in this specification. In these embodiments, the diameter of each DOE is the same or substantially the same. In this embodiment, the focal length of each DOE is the same or substantially the same. However, the present disclosure contemplates variations in the width and / or focal length of the DOEs within the array.

[0309] Example 7: Non-uniform microlens or ROE array

[0310] Figure 15A and Figure 15B Depicted is a front view of a device having an array 60 of tiny lenses or ROEs, wherein the central portion and the peripheral portion of the device are filled with tiny lenses or ROEs having different diameters, according to certain embodiments. Figure 15A A device is depicted in which the microlenses or ROEs in a central device region are smaller in diameter than the microlenses or ROEs in a peripheral region of the device. Figure 15B A device lens is depicted in which the microlenses or ROEs in the central device region are larger in diameter than the microlenses or ROEs in the peripheral region of the device. The diameter of the smaller diameter microlenses or ROEs 64 can be 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, or 100 μm. The diameter of the larger microlenses or ROEs 61 can be 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, or 250 μm. The portion of the device that can be filled with the smaller diameter microlenses or ROEs can be 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 mm square or diameter. The portion of the device that can be filled with the larger diameter microlenses or ROEs can be 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 18 mm square or diameter. The ratio of the diameter of the larger microlenses or ROEs to the smaller microlenses can be in the range of 1.5, 1.8, 2.1, or 2.5.

[0311] These microlens or ROE arrays in this embodiment can be used as a covering on or incorporated into eyeglass lenses. The array embodiment is populated with microlenses or ROEs 61 having a first diameter and microlenses or ROEs 64 having a second diameter. Some microlens or ROE arrays are not shown in the figures of this embodiment, but are contemplated by the present disclosure, wherein the arrays are populated with microlenses or ROEs having at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 different diameters. As disclosed herein, the physical dimensions and optical properties of the microlenses or ROEs can vary. In these embodiments, as disclosed herein, each microlens or ROE (or a substantial portion of a microlens or ROE) can have a width ranging from 50 to 250 μm and a focal length ranging from 250 to 4000 mm. In these embodiments, the diameter of each microlens or ROE (or a substantial portion of a microlens or ROE) is the same or substantially the same. In this embodiment, the focal length of each microlens or ROE (or a substantial portion of a microlens or ROE) is the same or substantially the same. However, the present disclosure contemplates variations in the width and / or focal length of the microlenses or ROEs within the array.

[0312] Example 7b: Non-uniform DOE array

[0313] Figure 15C and Figure 15D Depicted is a front view of a device having a DOE array 60, wherein the central portion and the peripheral portion of the device are filled with DOEs having different diameters, according to certain embodiments. Figure 15A A device is depicted in which the DOEs in a central device region are smaller in diameter than the DOEs in peripheral regions of the device. Figure 15B A device lens is depicted in which the DOEs in the central device region are larger in diameter than the DOEs in the peripheral regions of the device. The diameter of the smaller diameter DOE 64 can be 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, or 100 μm. The diameter of the larger DOE 61 can be 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, or 250 μm. The portion of the device that can be filled with the smaller diameter DOE can be 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 mm square or diameter. The portion of the device that can be filled with the larger diameter DOE can be 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 18 mm square or diameter. The diameter ratio of the larger DOE to the smaller DOE can be in the range of 1.5, 1.8, 2.1, or 2.5.

[0314] The DOE arrays in this embodiment can be used as a covering on an eyeglass lens or incorporated into an eyeglass lens. The array embodiment is populated with DOEs 61 having a first diameter and DOEs 64 having a second diameter. Some of the DOEs are not shown in the figures of this embodiment, but are contemplated by the present disclosure, wherein the array is populated with DOEs having at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 different diameters. The physical size and optical properties of the DOEs can vary as disclosed herein. In these embodiments, each DOE can have a width ranging from 50 to 500 μm and a focal length ranging from 250 to 4000 mm, as disclosed in this specification. In these embodiments, the diameter of each DOE is the same or substantially the same. In this embodiment, the focal length of each DOE is the same or substantially the same. However, the present disclosure contemplates variations in the width and / or focal length of the DOEs within the array.

[0315] Example 8: Microlens or ROE Array with the Peripheral Area as an Area Without Microlenses or ROEs

[0316] Figure 16AA front view of a device having an array of microlenses or ROEs 60 according to certain embodiments is depicted, wherein the peripheral portion of the device is free of, or substantially free of, microlenses or ROEs. The array of microlenses or ROEs is present in a central region 63, which, if circular, may have a diameter of 3 to 15 mm, 3 to 10 mm, 5 to 12 mm, or 7 to 15 mm. Other non-circular regions of similar size are also contemplated. In certain embodiments, the central portion may be understood to refer to that portion of the device centered around or substantially centered on the pupils of the eyes 62 and 63. In certain embodiments, the central portion may be understood to refer to that portion of the device centered around or substantially centered on the primary line of sight of the eyes 62 and 63.

[0317] These arrays of microlenses or ROEs in this embodiment can be used as a covering on eyeglass lenses or incorporated into eyeglass lenses. The array embodiment is filled with microlenses or ROEs 68. As disclosed herein, the physical dimensions and optical properties of the microlenses or ROEs can vary. In these embodiments, as disclosed in this specification, each microlens or ROE (or a substantial portion of a microlens or ROE) can have a width ranging from 25 to 500 μm and a focal length ranging from 250 to 4000 mm. In these embodiments, the diameter of each microlens or ROE (or a substantial portion of a microlens or ROE) is the same or substantially the same. In this embodiment, the focal length of each microlens or ROE (or a substantial portion of a microlens or ROE) is the same or substantially the same. However, the present disclosure contemplates variations in the width and / or focal length of the microlenses or ROEs within the array.

[0318] Example 8b: DOE array with the peripheral portion as a DOE-free area

[0319] Figure 16B A front view of a device having a DOE array 60 according to certain embodiments is depicted, wherein the peripheral portion of the device is free of, or substantially free of, DOEs. The DOE array resides in a central region 63, which, if circular, may have a diameter of 3 to 15 mm, 3 to 10 mm, 5 to 12 mm, or 7 to 15 mm. Other non-circular regions of similar size are also contemplated. In certain embodiments, the central portion may be understood to refer to that portion of the device centered or substantially centered around the pupils of the eyes 62 and 63. In certain embodiments, the central portion may be understood to refer to that portion of the device centered or substantially centered around the primary line of sight of the eyes 62 and 63.

[0320] The DOE arrays in this embodiment can be used as a covering on or incorporated into eyeglass lenses. The array embodiment is populated with DOEs 68. The physical dimensions and optical properties of the DOEs can vary as disclosed herein. In these embodiments, each DOE can have a width ranging from 25 to 500 μm and a focal length ranging from 250 to 4000 mm, as disclosed in this specification. In these embodiments, the diameter of each DOE is the same or substantially the same. In this embodiment, the focal length of each DOE is the same or substantially the same. However, the present disclosure contemplates variations in the width and / or focal length of the DOEs within the array. One of the DOEs is enlarged to enhance the appearance of the diffraction groove features.

[0321] Example 9: Microlens or ROE arrays filled with microlenses or ROEs along different meridians

[0322] Figure 17A 、 Figure 17B and Figure 17C Depicted is a front view of a device having an array 60 of microlenses or ROEs, wherein the microlenses or ROEs are populated or arranged along certain meridian regions while other portions of the array are free or substantially free of microlenses or ROEs, according to certain embodiments. Figure 17A A device is depicted in which microlenses or ROEs 61 are arranged in a horizontal meridian region while the rest of the array is free of, or substantially free of, microlenses or ROEs. The horizontal meridian region where the microlenses or ROEs are located can occupy at least 10% of the total surface area of the array. The ratio between the total surface area of the meridian region and the total surface area free of, or substantially free of, microlenses or ROEs can be in the range of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5.

[0323] Figure 17B A device is depicted in which microlenses or ROEs 61 are arranged in a vertical meridian region while the rest of the array is free of, or substantially free of, microlenses or ROEs. The vertical meridian region where the microlenses or ROEs are located can occupy at least 10% of the total surface area of the array. The ratio between the total surface area of the meridian region and the total surface area free of, or substantially free of, microlenses or ROEs can be in the range of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5.

[0324] Figure 17CA device is depicted in which microlenses or ROEs 61 are arranged on oblique meridian regions while other portions of the array are free of or substantially free of microlenses or ROEs. The oblique meridian regions where the microlenses or ROEs are located may occupy at least 10% of the total surface area of the array. The ratio between the total surface area of the meridian regions and the total surface area free of or substantially free of microlenses or ROEs may be in the range of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5. Other oblique meridian regions may be located on the Figure 17C , but these are contemplated by the present disclosure. These arrays of microlenses or ROEs in this embodiment can be used as a covering on or incorporated into eyeglass lenses. Array embodiments are filled with microlenses or ROEs 61. As disclosed herein, the physical dimensions and optical properties of the microlenses or ROEs can vary. In these embodiments, as disclosed in this specification, each microlens or ROE (or a substantial portion of a microlens or ROE) can have a width ranging from 50 to 250 μm and a focal length ranging from 250 to 4000 mm. In these embodiments, the diameter of each microlens or ROE (or a substantial portion of a microlens or ROE) is the same or substantially the same. In this embodiment, the focal length of each microlens or ROE (or a substantial portion of a microlens or ROE) is the same or substantially the same. However, the present disclosure contemplates variations in the width and / or focal length of the microlenses or ROEs within the array.

[0325] Example 9A: DOE array with DOEs filled along different meridians

[0326] Figures 17D to 17F Depicted is a front view of a device having DOEs 60 according to certain embodiments, wherein the DOEs are filled or arranged along certain meridian regions, while other portions of the array are free or substantially free of DOEs. Figure 17D A device is depicted in which DOEs 61 are arranged in a horizontal meridian region, while the rest of the array is free of or substantially free of DOEs. The horizontal meridian region in which the DOEs are located can occupy at least 10% of the total surface area of the array. The ratio between the total surface area of the meridian regions and the total surface area free of or substantially free of DOEs can be in the range of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5.

[0327] Figure 17E A device is depicted in which DOEs 61 are arranged in a vertical meridian region, while the rest of the array is free of or substantially free of DOEs. The vertical meridian region in which the DOEs are located can occupy at least 10% of the total surface area of the array. The ratio between the total surface area of the meridian regions and the total surface area free of or substantially free of DOEs can be in the range of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5.

[0328] Figure 17F A device is depicted in which DOEs 61 are arranged on oblique meridian regions, while other portions of the array are free of or substantially free of DOEs. The oblique meridian regions where the DOEs are located may occupy at least 10% of the total surface area of the array. The ratio between the total surface area of the meridian regions and the total surface area free of or substantially free of DOEs may be in the range of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5. Other oblique meridian regions may be located on the Figure 17F 61. The physical size and optical properties of the DOEs can vary as disclosed herein. In these embodiments, each DOE can have a width ranging from 50 to 500 μm and a focal length ranging from 250 to 4000 mm, as disclosed in this specification. In these embodiments, the diameter of each DOE is the same or substantially the same. In this embodiment, the focal length of each DOE is the same or substantially the same. However, the present disclosure contemplates variations in the width and / or focal length of the DOEs within the array. One of the DOEs is enlarged to enhance the appearance of the diffraction groove features.

[0329] Example 10: ROE array on single vision lens (described in Example 5)

[0330] This exemplary embodiment describes the use of a ROE array (similar to Example 5) in conjunction with a single vision spectacle lens. Figure 19A Depicted is a two-dimensional diagram of the refractive power distribution of a -2 diopter spectacle lens incorporating an ROE array. Figure 19B A magnified view of the two-dimensional refractive power distribution is depicted to enhance the appearance of the ROE. Figure 19A and 19B The field coordinates of the exemplary power profiles in [ 1 ] are normalized, and they represent the spherical power distribution over a 5 mm and 1 mm zone diameter, respectively. In this embodiment, the power of each individual ROE is +1.00 D (i.e., a focal length of 1000 mm). To compare geometric blur, the primary wavelength was set to 555 nm (representing the medium wavelength cone in this test case), and the secondary wavelength was set to 610 nm, which corresponds to approximately 75% of the peak sensitivity of the long wavelength cone. The parameters of the spectacle lens embedded with the ROE array used for the simulation are provided in Table 3.

[0331] Parameter Details Eyeglass lenses with arrays of tiny lenses Radius (mm) / asphericity 265.00 / -1.00 Center thickness (mm) 1.5 Refractive index / Abbe number 1.56 / 50.2 Vertex distance (mm) 13

[0332] Table 3: Parameter values of ROE arrays used in combination with eyeglass lenses

[0333] Figure 19C and 19DThe geometric confusion circles of the on-axis and off-axis (5° viewing angle) optical performance simulations at an operating wavelength of 555 nm are shown. Figure 19E and 19F The geometric blur circles of the on-axis and off-axis optical performance simulations (5° viewing angle) at an operating wavelength of 610 nm are shown. Figure 19C and 19D As can be seen in the single light test case ( Figure 10B and 10C ), for monochromatic light at a wavelength of 555 nm, the geometric blur is comparable to the Ellie disk, indicating that the Ellie disk contains an in-focussed light well and is therefore expected to provide good visual performance. However, for the 610 nm operating wavelength test case, unlike the single vision lens test case, the use of the ROE array in combination with a single vision lens produces two different types of blur (see Figure 19E and 19F ); while most of the blur is still hyperopic; there are areas on the retina (white pockets 11 and 12) where the incoming light either falls in focus or in front of the retina. This situation creates an optical signal that conflicts with the L cones of the retina, with some of the L cones detecting hyperopic defocus while others in the same retinal area experience the image in focus or as myopic. This example shows that when such corrections are in place that provide conflicting signals to the retina, the ocular system chooses to favor images that are in focus or in front of the retina. Thereby, slowing the rate of eye development and / or myopia progression. This example shows that when such corrections are in place that provide a spatially varying focus pattern at the retina, the ocular system chooses to favor images that are in focus or in front of the retina.

[0334] exist Figure 19A and 19B The simulated ROE array described and discussed in consists of two layers: a base layer and the front surface of the eyeglass lens itself. The actual ROE is designed on the front surface of the eyeglass lens by varying the sagittal depth to produce undulations on the eyeglass lens. In this embodiment, the radius of curvature of each ROE is maintained at 40mm, however other variations are envisioned in this disclosure. In this example, all ROEs are circular in nature and the diameter is each chosen to be 100μm, however other variations are envisioned in this disclosure. The total number of microlenses designed on a 5mm pupil is a 21×21 grid array with a microlens pupil fill ratio of approximately 14%, however other variations are envisioned in this disclosure. In this embodiment, the spacing between any two microlenses is approximately 138μm, however other variations are envisioned in this disclosure. In order to obtain Figure 19A and 19BThe refractive index of the substrate material is chosen to be 1.52, the same Abbe number as the spectacle lens material. However, other variations of refractive index and Abbe number are contemplated in the present disclosure. In other embodiments, it is also possible to obtain a power distribution diagram having the same power distribution as the spectacle lens material by using a DOE instead of a ROE. Figure 19A and 19B In other embodiments, a device designed to deliver conflicting optical signals for the L cone (or a substantial portion of the L cone) while continuing to correct the M cone (or a substantial portion of the M cone) of the eye can be achieved by using a combination of ROEs and DOEs.

[0335] Example 11: ROE Array Used in Combination with Single Vision Lenses

[0336] In this example, a ROE array according to an exemplary embodiment (see Figures 20A-20F ) is the same as that seen in Example 10, but in this case the refractive power of each ROE is +2.00D (i.e., the focal length is 500mm), providing a greater offset with respect to longitudinal chromatic aberration over the region of interest on the retina compared to Example 10. The radius of curvature of each ROE remains at 20mm. Figure 20B Zoomed in to show the central 1mm area of the glasses + the combination of the ROE array. ROE fill ratio: approximately 14%.

[0337] Example 12: ROE array on single vision spectacle lens (described in Example 5)

[0338] In this example, ROE arrays according to certain exemplary embodiments (see Figures 21A-21F ) is the same as Example 10, but the refractive power of each ROE is +2.00D (i.e., the focal length is 500mm). The radius of curvature of each ROE remains at 20mm. The total number of ROEs designed for a 5mm pupil is a 41 x 41 grid array. The spacing between any two ROEs is 22μm. Figure 21B The combination of 1mm + ROE is magnified to highlight the center of the glasses. Microlens fill ratio: approximately 50%. Due to the larger ROE fill ratio compared to Examples 10 and 11, more areas on the retina experience conflicting optical signals at the level of the L cone receptors on the retina, i.e., for 610nm long wavelength light ( Figure 21E and 21F However, the geometric blur circle of the 555nm operating wavelength ( Figure 21C and 21D ) is similar in size to the geometric blur circle in Example 10 ( Figure 19C and 19D ) and similar to single vision lenses ( Figure 10B and 10C ), which indicates similar visual performance.

[0339] In other exemplary embodiments related to Examples 10, 11, and 12, one or more of the following can be varied: the size of the ROE can be smaller and / or larger within the array / pupil, the size of the ROE can vary across the array and / or pupil, the radius of each ROE, a substantial portion of the ROE, and / or a portion of the ROE can be smaller and / or larger, the radius of the ROE can vary across the array and / or pupil, the spacing between the lenslets can be smaller and / or larger, the spacing of the ROEs can vary across the array and / or pupil, and the arrangement of the ROEs can be different from the "square" grid array arrangement shown, such as a hexagonal arrangement. The pupil size can be smaller or larger. In other exemplary embodiments related to Examples 10, 11, and 12, the ROEs can be replaced by DOEs or a combination of ROEs and DOEs.

[0340] Example 13: ROE Array on Single Vision Lens (Described in Example 6)

[0341] In this example, ROE arrays according to certain exemplary embodiments (see Figures 22A-22E ) is the same as Example 10, except that the refractive power of each ROE is +2.00D. The radius of curvature of each ROE remains at 20mm. The total number of ROEs designed for a 5mm pupil is a 9 x 9 grid array, but the center is a horizontal ROE-free area with a width of 0.5mm. The spacing between the ROEs above and below the ROE-free area is zero. The ROE pupil fill ratio for a 5mm pupil is approximately 64%, and the ROE fill ratio for a 50mm spectacle lens blank is approximately 78%.

[0342] Overall, the ROE filling ratio is even greater compared to Example 10, so more areas on the retina experience conflicting optical signals at the level of the L cone receptors on the retina, i.e. for 610 nm long wavelength light (see Figure 22E and 22F ). Conflicting optical signals are provided on areas of the retina corresponding to areas of the spectacle lens system that do not contain ROEs. The larger ROE fill ratio and increased diameter of a single ROE corresponds to the blur circle ( Figure 22C ), the size of the circle of confusion increased compared to the circle of confusion in Examples 11, 12, and 13 and compared to a single vision lens, indicating a decrease in visual performance. In certain exemplary embodiments, if the expected decrease in visual performance is unacceptable, one or more of the following parameters can be modified to improve the wearability of the lenslet array plus spectacle lens combination: lenslet size, lenslet shape, spacing between lenslets, and refractive power of the lenslets.

[0343] In other embodiments, the size of the clear horizontal line can be smaller and / or larger, the size of the ROE can be smaller and / or larger across the array and / or pupil, and the size of the ROE can vary in size across the array / pupil, and the radius of each ROE, a substantial portion of the ROE, and / or a portion of the ROE can be smaller and / or larger, and the radius of the ROE can vary across the array and / or pupil, and the spacing between the ROEs can be larger, and the spacing of the ROEs can vary across the array and / or pupil, and the arrangement of the ROEs can be different from the "square" grid array arrangement shown in Example 16, such as a hexagonal arrangement. The pupil size can be smaller or larger. The direction of the clear (ROE-free) line can also be vertical or oblique. In other exemplary embodiments related to Examples 11, 12, and 13, the ROE can be replaced by a DOE or a combination of ROEs and DOEs.

[0344] Example 14: ROE array on single vision spectacle lens (described in Example 6)

[0345] In this example, the ROE according to certain exemplary embodiments (see Figure 23A -F) is the same as Example 10, but the refractive power of each ROE is +2.00D. The radius of curvature of each ROE remains at 20mm. In addition, the ROE array consists of two circular areas, an inner circle and an outer circle. The inner circle has a diameter of 2mm and consists of 3×3 ROEs in a grid array, where each ROE has a diameter of 0.080mm. The outer circle has a diameter of 5mm, where the ROE resolution is 29x29 in the grid array. The diameter of the outer circle ROE is 0.100mm, where the spacing between ROE boundaries is 0.080mm. Figure 23B Magnified to depict the central 2.5mm area of the eyeglass plus the combination of the ROE array. The ROE pupil fill ratio on a 5mm pupil is approximately 21%, and the ROE fill ratio on a 50mm eyeglass lens blank is approximately 25%. The ROE fill ratio of the outer circle is greater than that of the inner circle, thus providing more optical signal conflicting with the retina at the periphery. The blur circle in the embodiment ( Figure 23C and 23D ) is better than the blur circle in Examples 12 and 13 and comparable to that of a single vision lens, indicating that the visual performance is acceptable.

[0346] Example 15: ROE arrays used in conjunction with single vision lenses

[0347] In this example, ROE arrays according to certain exemplary embodiments (see Figures 24A-24F) is the same as Example 14, but the refractive power of each microlens is +2.00D. The radius of curvature of each ROE is maintained at 20mm. The ROE array consists of two circular areas, an inner circle and an outer circle. The diameter of the inner circle is 3mm and consists of 11×11 ROEs in a grid array, where each ROE has a diameter of 0.150mm and the spacing between ROE boundaries is 0.150mm. The outer circle diameter is 5mm, where the ROE resolution is 15x 15 in the grid array. The diameter of the outer circle ROE is 0.300mm, where the spacing between ROE boundaries is 0.02mm.

[0348] Figure 24B Magnified to depict the central 3.5 mm area of the eyeglass plus the combination of the ROE array. The ROE pupil fill ratio is approximately 64% on a 5 mm pupil and approximately 78% on a 50 mm eyeglass lens blank. The secondary wavelength is set to 590 nm, which corresponds to the peak sensitivity of the long wavelength cone. The ROE fill ratios of the outer and inner circles are greater than those of the circles in Example 14, thus providing more optical signals that conflict with the retina in the center and periphery (24E and 24F). The blur circles in this example ( 24E and 24F) are larger than those in Example 14. Figure 24C and 24D ) is larger, which indicates reduced visual performance.

[0349] Example 16: ROE array on single vision spectacle lens (described in Example 6)

[0350] In this example, the ROE according to certain exemplary embodiments (see Figures 25A-25F ) is the same as Example 14, but the refractive power of each ROE is +2.00D. The radius of curvature of each ROE is maintained at 20mm. The ROE array consists of two circular areas, an inner circle and an outer circle. The inner circle has a diameter of 2mm and consists of 5×5 ROEs in a grid array, where each ROE has a diameter of 0.110mm and the spacing between ROE boundaries is 0.100mm. The outer circle has a diameter of 5mm, where the ROE resolution is 13x 13 in the grid array. The outer circle ROE has a diameter of 0.400mm and the spacing between ROE boundaries is 0.020mm. Figure 25BThe ROE filling ratio of the pupil is approximately 65% on a 5 mm pupil and approximately 69% on a 50 mm spectacle lens blank. The secondary wavelength is set at 590 nm, which corresponds to the peak sensitivity of the long wavelength cone. The ROE filling ratios of the outer and inner circles are even greater than those of the circles in Example 15, thus providing even more optical signals that conflict with the retina in the center and periphery. However, the size of the blur circle in this example is smaller ( 0.01 mm / s) than that in Example 14. Figure 25C and 25D ) is larger, and the off-axis blur circle ( Figure 25E and 25F ) deviates from the Ellie disk, which indicates that the visual performance is even lower.

[0351] Example 17: ROE array combined with single vision lens

[0352] In this example, ROE arrays according to certain exemplary embodiments (see Figures 26A-26E ) is the same as Example 14. The ROE array consists of two circular areas, an inner circle and an outer circle. The inner circle has a diameter of 3 mm and has no ROE. The outer circle has a diameter of 5 mm, where the ROE resolution is 7 x 7 in the grid array. The diameter of the outer circle ROE is 0.400 mm, where the spacing between ROE boundaries is 0.31 mm. The ROE pupil filling ratio on a 5 mm pupil is approximately 19%, and the ROE filling ratio on a 50 mm eyeglass lens blank is approximately 25%. In this embodiment, when compared to Example 14, the overall ROE filling ratio is greater, so more areas on the retina introduce conflicting optical signals. From Figure 26E and 26F As can be seen, a large number of L cone receptors on the retina experience myopic defocus, while the rest experience hyperopic defocus. Since the ROE is located only in the outer circle, the blur circle ( Figure 26C and 26D ) are similar in size to the blur circles in Examples 12 and 13, but have more scattering outside the Airy disk, indicating a slight decrease in visual performance.

[0353] Example 18: ROE array on single vision spectacle lens (described in Example 6)

[0354] In this example, ROE arrays according to certain exemplary embodiments (see Figures 27A-27F) is the same as Example 14, but the refractive power of each ROE is +2.00D. The radius of curvature of each ROE remains at 20mm. The ROE array consists of two circular areas (i.e., an inner circle and an outer circle). The inner circle has a diameter of 1.5mm and has no ROE. The outer circle has a diameter of 5mm, with an ROE resolution of 25 x 25 in the grid array. The outer circle ROE has a diameter of 0.100mm, with the spacing between ROE boundaries being 0.100mm. Figure 27B The ROE pupil fill ratio is approximately 18% on a 5mm pupil and approximately 19% on a 50mm spectacle lens blank. The secondary wavelength is set to 590nm, which corresponds to the peak sensitivity of the long wavelength cone. In this embodiment, the overall microlens fill ratio is lower when compared to Example 14, so less area on the retina is in focus for long wavelength light, thus providing less signal conflicting with the retina. Since the microlenses are only located in the outer circle, the blur circle ( Figure 27C and 27D ) is similar in size to or smaller than the blur circle in Example 14, which indicates better visual performance.

[0355] In other exemplary embodiments, the sizes of the two regions (circles) can be smaller and / or larger, there can be more than two regions, the size of the ROE can be smaller and / or larger across the array and / or pupil and / or region, and the size of the ROE can vary in size across the array and / or pupil and / or region, and the radius of each ROE, a substantial portion of the ROE, and / or a portion of the ROE can be smaller and / or larger, and the radius of the ROE can vary across the array and / or pupil and / or region, and the spacing between the ROEs can be larger, and the spacing of the ROEs can vary across the array and / or pupil and / or region, and the arrangement of the ROEs can be different from the "square" grid array arrangement shown, such as a hexagonal arrangement. The pupil size can be smaller or larger. The inner circle can be clear and free of ROEs. If there are more than two regions, some regions can be clear, while others can include ROEs. One or more inner regions can be elliptical or similar, with the major axis along the horizontal meridian, the vertical meridian, or an oblique meridian. In other exemplary embodiments related to Examples 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18, the ROE may be replaced by a DOE or a combination of a ROE and a DOE.

[0356] Example 19: ROE array on single vision lens (described in Example 5)

[0357] In this example, ROE arrays according to certain exemplary embodiments (see Figures 28A-28F) is the same as Example 13, but the refractive power of each ROE is +2.00D. The radius of curvature of each ROE is maintained at 20mm. The ROE array consists of two regions: an inner rectangular area without ROEs and an outer circle corresponding to a pupil size of 5mm. The length of the rectangle is 3mm and the height is 1mm. The ROE resolution of the outer circle in the grid array is 25x25. The diameter of the outer circle microlenses is 0.100mm, and the spacing between the ROE boundaries is 0.100mm. Figure 28B The ROE pupil fill ratio on a 5 mm pupil is approximately 18%, and the ROE fill ratio on a 50 mm spectacle lens blank is approximately 19%.

[0358] In this example, when compared to Example 3, the overall ROE fill ratio is lower, so less area on the retina is in focus for long wavelength light, thus providing less optical signal that conflicts with the retina ( Figure 28E and 28F Since the tiny lenses are only located in the outer circle, the blur circle ( Figure 28C and 28D ) is similar in size to or smaller than the blur circle in Example 13, which indicates better visual performance.

[0359] Example 20: ROE array combined with single vision lenses

[0360] In this example, ROE arrays according to certain exemplary embodiments (see Figures 29A-29E ) is the same as Example 19, but the refractive power of each microlens is +2.00D. The radius of curvature of each ROE is maintained at 20mm. The ROE array consists of two areas, an inner rectangular area without ROE and an outer circle corresponding to a pupil size of 5mm. The length of the rectangle is 3.5mm and the height is 1.5mm. The ROE resolution of the outer circle is 13x 13 in the grid array. The diameter of the outer circle ROE is 0.200mm, with a spacing of 0.180mm between the ROE boundaries. The ROE pupil filling ratio on a 5mm pupil is approximately 16%, and the ROE filling ratio on a 50mm eyeglass lens blank is approximately 22%. The secondary wavelength is set to 590nm, which corresponds to the peak sensitivity of the long wavelength cones. In this embodiment, the overall ROE filling ratio is greater when compared to Example 19, so more areas on the retina experience optical signals that conflict with the sensitive long wavelengths ( Figure 29E and 29F Since the tiny lenses are only located in the outer circle, the main blur circle ( Figure 29C and 29D) is similar in size to the blur circle in Example 19, but due to the larger fill ratio of the tiny lenses, there is more scattering on the periphery, which indicates reduced visual performance, especially off-axis.

[0361] Example 21: ROE array on single vision spectacle lens (described in Example 5)

[0362] In this example, ROE arrays according to certain exemplary embodiments (see Figures 30A-30F ) is the same as Example 19, but the refractive power of each ROE is +0.50D. The radius of curvature of each ROE is set to 70mm. The ROE array consists of two areas, namely an inner rectangular area without ROEs and an outer circle corresponding to a pupil size of 5mm. The length of the rectangle is 1.5mm and the height is 3mm. The ROE resolution of the outer circle is 25x25 in the grid array. The diameter of the outer circle ROE is 0.100mm, and the spacing between the ROE boundaries is 0.100mm. Figure 20B Magnified to illustrate the central 2mm optics of the spectacle lens system. The ROE pupil fill ratio is approximately 17% on a 5mm pupil, and approximately 19% on a 50mm spectacle lens blank. In this example, the overall ROE fill ratio is lower when compared to Example 19, so fewer areas on the retina (particularly the L cones) experience conflicting optical signals ( Figure 30E and 30F Since the ROE is only located in the outer circle, the blur circle in this embodiment ( Figure 30B and 30C ) is similar in size to or smaller than the blur circle in Example 19, which indicates better visual performance.

[0363] In other exemplary embodiments, the shape of the clear area can be square and / or other suitable shapes, the clear area can have an ROE of a different size than the outer area, there can be more than one area of a particular shape across the array and / or pupil, the size of the area can be smaller and / or larger, the size of the ROE can be smaller and / or larger across the array and / or pupil and / or area, and the size of the microlenses can vary across the array and / or pupil and / or area, and the radius of each ROE, a substantial portion of the ROE, and / or a portion of the ROE can be smaller and / or larger, and the radius of the ROE can vary across the array and / or pupil and / or area, and the spacing between ROEs can be smaller and / or larger, and the spacing of the ROEs can vary across the array and / or pupil and / or area, and the arrangement of the ROEs can be different from the "square" grid array arrangement shown, such as a hexagonal arrangement. The pupil size can be smaller or larger. The orientation of the area (no ROE or different ROE array sizes) can also be oblique. In other exemplary embodiments related to Examples 19, 20, and 21, the ROE may be replaced by a DOE or a combination of a ROE and a DOE.

[0364] Example 22: Various other examples including ROE and / or DOE stripes on a film

[0365] Figures 31 to 35 Depicted are front views of devices embedded with various types of optical patterns that can be used as coverings on eyeglass lenses or incorporated into eyeglass lenses, according to certain embodiments. In some embodiments, these optical patterns can be included as ROEs, DOEs, or a combination of ROEs and DOEs.

[0366] Example 23: DOE Array Used in Combination with Single Vision Lenses

[0367] In this example, alternative methods of correction of an exemplary 2D myopic model eye are discussed using various DOE and / or ROE devices. Figures 31 to 35 Various exemplary ROE or DOE strip embodiments are shown that may be used in conjunction with single vision eyeglass lenses. Figure 37 is one such variation applied to the front surface of a single vision spectacle lens (-2D) to correct an exemplary -2D myopic model eye. This example highlights a magnified area of the retina where an incoming polychromatic parallel light beam is focused. Focus planes corresponding to wavelengths of 510 nm (approximately 75% of the peak sensitivity of the M cones), 555 nm (the central reference wavelength for correction of refractive errors), and 610 nm (approximately 75% of the peak sensitivity of the L cone receptors) are presented. As can be seen from the magnified diagram, the photoreceptors in the M plane and the L plane experience conflicting optical signals. Unlike this test case, considering a single vision spectacle lens (-2D) to correct an exemplary -2D model eye ( Figure 36) produces a clean optical signal. This situation is referred to as conflicting, opposing, and / or inconsistent optical signals at the level of the M and / or L cone receptors. While not wishing to be bound by a particular theory, the underlying hypothesis of this example (and certain implementations) assumes that conflicting, opposing, or inconsistent optical signals between adjacent L cones can trigger a stop signal, thereby resulting in a reduced rate of myopia progression.

[0368] Example 24: Exemplary Description of Lens Combinations for Introducing Temporal Variation

[0369] In this embodiment, the use of paired spectacle lenses provides an alternative method of correcting the exemplary -2D myopic model eye ( Figure 36 and Figure 37 By alternating these pairs of spectacle lenses over a defined time period, the prescription introduces temporal variation in the longitudinal and / or lateral chromatic aberration experienced at the M and / or L cone receptors, which favors opposing optical signals at the retinal level that may inhibit / control myopia progression. In other exemplary embodiments, the defined time period may be 1 hour, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, or 48 hours.

[0370] Other exemplary embodiments are described in the following examples.

[0371] Group "A" Examples:

[0372] A1. A spectacle lens system for reducing myopia progression in a person, comprising: a spectacle lens; and a microlens array comprising a plurality of microlenses.

[0373] A2. The spectacle lens system of embodiment A1, wherein the microlens array is a covering that can be applied to the front surface of the lens blank, the back surface of the lens blank, or both.

[0374] A3. The eyeglass lens system of embodiment A1 or A2, wherein the microlens array is integrally formed with the eyeglass lens.

[0375] A4. The spectacle lens system of embodiment A1 or A3, wherein the microlens array is at least substantially located on the front surface of the spectacle lens, the back surface of the spectacle lens, or both.

[0376] A5. The spectacle lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A4, wherein the microlens array is at least substantially located inside the spectacle lens.

[0377] A6. The eyeglass lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A5, wherein the microlens array is at least 5%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40% or 50% of the surface area of the eyeglass lens.

[0378] A7. The eyeglass lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A6, wherein the microlens array area is at least 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% of the surface area of the eyeglass lens.

[0379] A8. The eyeglass lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A7, wherein the microlens array is capable of providing defocus to the wearer over 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% of the viewing angle available to the wearer.

[0380] A9. The spectacle lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A8, wherein the spectacle lens system consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0381] A10. The spectacle lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A9, wherein the refractive index of the material used to form at least one of the plurality of microlenses is different from the refractive index of the material used to form the spectacle lens.

[0382] A11. The eyeglass lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A10, wherein the refractive index of the material used to form at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or 90% of the microlenses of the plurality of microlenses is different from the refractive index of the material used to form the eyeglass lens.

[0383] A12. The spectacle lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A11, wherein the lenslets of the plurality of lenslets have 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 different diameters.

[0384] A13. The spectacle lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A12, wherein the microlenses of the plurality of microlenses have 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 different focal lengths.

[0385] A14. The spectacle lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A13, wherein the spectacle lens system is capable of modifying incident light through the spectacle lens and utilizing color cues to slow the rate of myopia progression.

[0386] A15. The spectacle lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A14, wherein the spectacle lens system is capable of providing a stop signal for a progressing eye for a substantial portion of the visual angle of the spectacle lens system.

[0387] A16. The spectacle lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A15, wherein the spectacle lens system is capable of providing a stop signal for the progressing eye for at least 95% of the total visual angle of the spectacle lens system.

[0388] A17. The spectacle lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A16, wherein the spectacle lens system is capable of providing a stop signal for a progressive eye for a substantial portion of the visual angle of the region of the spectacle lens system containing the microlens array.

[0389] A18. The spectacle lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A17, wherein the spectacle lens system is capable of providing a stop signal for a progressive eye for at least 95% of the total viewing angle of the region of the spectacle lens system containing the microlens array.

[0390] A19. The spectacle lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A18, wherein the spectacle lens system is aesthetically substantially indistinguishable or indistinguishable from a commercial single vision spectacle lens.

[0391] A20. The spectacle lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A19, wherein the spectacle lens system in normal use on a wearer's face and viewed by another person is aesthetically substantially indistinguishable or indistinguishable from a commercial single vision spectacle lens.

[0392] A21. The spectacle lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A20, wherein the spectacle lens system is capable of providing a wearer with visual performance that is substantially indistinguishable or indistinguishable from a commercial single vision spectacle lens.

[0393] A22. The spectacle lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A21, wherein the spectacle lens system, in normal use on a wearer's face, is capable of providing the wearer with visual performance that is substantially indistinguishable or indistinguishable from a commercial single-vision spectacle lens.

[0394] A23. A method of reducing myopia progression in a person, comprising: providing at least one spectacle lens system as described in one or more of embodiments A1 to A22.

[0395] A24. An eyeglass lens system for correcting refractive error and controlling eye development, comprising: an eyeglass lens having a refractive power selected to correct the refractive error of the eye; a microlens array comprising a plurality of microlenses of predetermined shape and size arranged in a predetermined pattern, wherein a substantial portion of the microlenses are substantially transparent and include a contoured surface configured to focus light; wherein the microlens array, when positioned relative to the eyeglass lens, substantially alters the optical path to provide a directional signal for controlling eye development.

[0396] "B" Group of Examples:

[0397] Bl. An ophthalmic lens for myopia, comprising: a base lens having a focal length to at least partially correct a refractive error of the eye; and at least one microlens array comprising at least one microlens; wherein the at least one microlens array introduces conflicting optical signals at wavelengths between 510 nm and 610 nm.

[0398] B2. An ophthalmic lens for a myopic eye, comprising: a base lens having a focal length to at least partially correct the refractive error of the eye; at least one microlens array comprising at least one microlens; wherein the at least one microlens array introduces conflicting optical signals at a wavelength corresponding to the peak sensitivity of one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the eye.

[0399] B3. An ophthalmic lens for a myopic eye, comprising: a base lens having a focal length to at least partially correct the refractive error of the eye; at least one microlens array comprising at least one microlens; wherein the at least one microlens array introduces conflicting optical signals at wavelengths within 75% or greater sensitivity of one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the eye.

[0400] B4. An ophthalmic lens for a myopic eye, comprising: a base lens having a focal length to at least partially correct the refractive error of the eye; at least one microlens array comprising at least one microlens; wherein the at least one microlens array introduces conflicting optical signals at a wavelength corresponding to the peak sensitivity of one or more M cone receptors of the retina of the eye.

[0401] B5. An ophthalmic lens for a myopic eye, comprising: a base lens having a focal length to at least partially correct the refractive error of the eye; at least one microlens array comprising at least one microlens; wherein the at least one microlens array introduces conflicting optical signals at wavelengths within 75% or greater sensitivity of one or more M cone receptors of the retina of the eye.

[0402] B6. One or more ophthalmic lenses of embodiments B1 to B5, wherein the at least one microlens of the at least one microlens array has a 450,000 μm 2 or smaller area.

[0403] B7. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B6, wherein the at least one microlens of the at least one microlens array has a diameter of 750 μm or less.

[0404] B8. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B7, wherein the at least one microlens of the at least one microlens array has a fill ratio of 20% or less.

[0405] B9. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B8, wherein the at least one microlens of the at least one microlens array has a pupil filling ratio of 20% or less.

[0406] B10. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B8, wherein the at least one microlens of the at least one microlens array has a focal length between 500 mm and 2000 mm.

[0407] B11. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B9, wherein the microlens array is composed of microlenses having a center-to-center distance of less than 1 mm.

[0408] B12. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B11, wherein the at least one microlens of the at least one microlens array has a focal length greater than 1000 mm.

[0409] B13. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B12, wherein the microlens array is located on the front surface of the spectacle lens.

[0410] B14. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B12, wherein the microlens array is located on the back surface of the spectacle lens.

[0411] B15. The ophthalmic lens of embodiment B1, wherein the microlens array is embedded in the matrix of the base spectacle lens.

[0412] B16. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B15, wherein the ophthalmic lens consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0413] B17. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B16, wherein the base lens consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0414] B18. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B17, wherein the at least one DOE array further comprises at least one refractive optical element configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the wearer's eye.

[0415] B19. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B18, wherein the ophthalmic lens further comprises at least one refractive optical element configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the wearer's eye.

[0416] B20. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B19, wherein the at least one refractive optical element (ROE) is at least one ROE array.

[0417] B21. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B20, wherein the at least one array of refractive optical elements is configured to form one or more refractive optical element array regions.

[0418] B22. A method of reducing myopia progression by using the ophthalmic lens of embodiments B1 to B22.

[0419] B23. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B22, wherein the ophthalmic lens is a spectacle lens.

[0420] B24. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B23, wherein the at least one microlens has one or more of the following shapes: circular, non-circular, elliptical, rectangular, hexagonal, and square.

[0421] B25. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B24, wherein the at least one microlens has a diameter less than 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.44 mm. 2 area.

[0422] B26. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B25, wherein the at least one microlens has a diameter of less than 400, 500, 600, 700 or 750 μm.

[0423] B27. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B26, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a portion of a peripheral region of the lens.

[0424] B28. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B26, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a substantial portion of the peripheral region of the lens.

[0425] B29. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B26, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in a peripheral region of the lens.

[0426] Group "C" Examples:

[0427] C1. An ophthalmic lens for a myopic eye, comprising: a base lens having a focal power to at least partially correct a refractive error of the eye; and at least one diffractive optical element array comprising at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the at least one diffractive optical element array is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals at wavelengths between 510 nm and 610 nm.

[0428] C2. An ophthalmic lens for a myopic eye, comprising: a base lens having a focal power and at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the base lens is configured to at least partially correct the refractive error of the wearer's eye at a wavelength of light of approximately 555 nm; and the at least one diffractive optical element is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the eye.

[0429] C3. An ophthalmic lens for a myopic eye of a wearer, comprising: a base lens having a focal power to at least partially correct a refractive error of the eye; and at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the at least one diffractive optical element is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals at a wavelength corresponding to the peak sensitivity of one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the eye.

[0430] C4. An ophthalmic lens for a myopic eye of a wearer, comprising: a base lens having a focal power to at least partially correct a refractive error of the eye; and at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the at least one diffractive optical element is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals at wavelengths within 75% or greater sensitivity of one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the eye.

[0431] C5. An ophthalmic lens for a myopic eye of a wearer, comprising: a base lens having a focal power to at least partially correct a refractive error of the eye; and at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the at least one diffractive optical element is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals at wavelengths between 510 nm and 610 nm.

[0432] C6. An ophthalmic lens for slowing the development of myopia, comprising: a base lens having a focal power to at least partially correct the refractive error of the eye; and at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the at least one diffractive optical element is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals at wavelengths between 510 nm and 610 nm.

[0433] C7. An ophthalmic lens for a myopic eye of a wearer, comprising: a base lens having a focal length to at least partially correct a refractive error of the eye; and at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the at least one diffractive optical element is configured to introduce an opposing optical signal at a wavelength corresponding to the peak sensitivity of one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the eye.

[0434] C8. An ophthalmic lens for a myopic eye of a wearer, comprising: a base lens having a focal length to at least partially correct a refractive error of the eye; and at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the at least one diffractive optical element is configured to introduce an opposing optical signal at a wavelength within 75% or greater of the sensitivity of one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the eye.

[0435] C9. An ophthalmic lens for a myopic eye of a wearer, comprising: a base lens having a focal power to at least partially correct the refractive error of the eye; and at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the at least one diffractive optical element is configured to introduce opposing optical signals at wavelengths between 510 nm and 610 nm.

[0436] C10. An ophthalmic lens for slowing the progression of myopia, comprising: a base lens having a focal power to at least partially correct the refractive error of the eye; and at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the at least one diffractive optical element is configured to introduce opposing optical signals at wavelengths between 510 nm and 610 nm.

[0437] C11. An ophthalmic lens for a myopic eye of a wearer, comprising: a base lens having a focal power to at least partially correct a refractive error of the eye; and at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the at least one diffractive optical element is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals at a wavelength corresponding to the peak sensitivity of one or more M cone receptors of the retina of the eye.

[0438] C12. An ophthalmic lens for an eye of a wearer, comprising: a base lens having a focal power to at least partially correct a refractive error of the eye; and at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the at least one diffractive optical element is configured to introduce an opposing optical signal at a wavelength corresponding to 75% of the peak sensitivity of one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the eye.

[0439] C13. An ophthalmic lens for a myopic eye of a wearer, comprising: a base lens having a focal power to at least partially correct a refractive error of the eye; and at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the at least one diffractive optical element is configured to introduce an opposing optical signal at a wavelength corresponding to the peak sensitivity of one or more M cone receptors of the retina of the eye.

[0440] C14. An ophthalmic lens for a myopic eye, comprising: a base lens having a focal power and at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the base lens is configured to at least partially correct a refractive error of the eye between the peak sensitivities of one or more M cone receptors and one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the eye; and at least one DOE is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into the one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the eye.

[0441] C15. An ophthalmic lens for a myopic eye, comprising: a base lens having a focal power, wherein the base lens is configured to at least partially correct the refractive error of the eye between the peak sensitivities of one or more M cone receptors and one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the eye; and at least one diffractive optical element configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into the one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the eye.

[0442] C16. An ophthalmic lens for a myopic eye, comprising: a base lens having a focal power, the base lens being configured to at least partially correct a refractive error of the eye at a wavelength of light of approximately 555 nm; and at least one diffractive optical element being configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the eye.

[0443] C17. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C16, wherein the at least one diffractive optical element of the at least one diffractive optical element array has a 450,000 μm 2 or smaller area.

[0444] C18. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C17, wherein the at least one diffractive optical element of the at least one diffractive optical element array has a diameter of 750 μm or less.

[0445] C19. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C18, wherein the at least one diffractive optical element of the at least one diffractive optical element array has a fill ratio of 20% or less.

[0446] C20. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C19, wherein the at least one diffractive optical element of the at least one diffractive optical element array has a pupil fill ratio of 20% or less.

[0447] C21. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C20, wherein the at least one diffractive optical element of the at least one diffractive optical element array has a focal length between 500 mm and 2000 mm.

[0448] C22. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C21, wherein the array of diffractive optical elements consists of diffractive optical elements having a center-to-center distance of less than 1 mm.

[0449] C23. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C22, wherein the at least one diffractive optical element of the at least one diffractive optical element array has a focal length greater than 1000 mm.

[0450] C24. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C23, wherein the array of diffractive optical elements is located on the front surface of the spectacle lens.

[0451] C25. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C24, wherein the array of diffractive optical elements is located on the back surface of the eyeglass lens.

[0452] C26. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C16, wherein the array of diffractive optical elements is embedded in the matrix of the base spectacle lens.

[0453] C27. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C26, wherein the at least one diffractive optical element is applied to the front surface of the base lens, the back surface of the base lens, or both.

[0454] C28. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C26, wherein the at least one diffractive optical element is at least partially formed in the matrix of the base lens.

[0455] C29. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C26, wherein said at least one diffractive optical element is formed in said matrix of said base lens.

[0456] C30. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C26, wherein the at least one diffractive optical element is at least one array of diffractive optical elements.

[0457] C31. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C26, wherein the at least one array of diffractive optical elements is at least substantially located on one or more of: the front surface of the base lens, the back surface of the base lens, and both.

[0458] C32. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C26, wherein the at least one array of diffractive optical elements is at least 5%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40% or 50% of the surface area of the base lens.

[0459] C33. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C26, wherein the at least one diffractive optical element array is configured to form one or more diffractive optical element array regions.

[0460] C34. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C26, wherein the one or more diffractive optical element array areas are at least 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% of the surface area of the base lens.

[0461] C35. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C34, wherein the ophthalmic lens consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0462] C36. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C35, wherein the base lens consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0463] C37. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C36, wherein the at least one array of diffractive optical elements further comprises at least one refractive optical element configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the wearer's eye.

[0464] C38. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C37, wherein the ophthalmic lens further comprises at least one refractive optical element configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the wearer's eye.

[0465] C39. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C38, wherein the at least one refractive optical element is at least one array of refractive optical elements.

[0466] C40. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C39, wherein the at least one array of refractive optical elements is configured to form one or more refractive optical element array regions.

[0467] C41. A method of reducing myopia progression by using the ophthalmic lens of embodiments C1 to C48.

[0468] C42. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C48, wherein the ophthalmic lens is a spectacle lens.

[0469] C43. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C42, wherein the at least one microlens has one or more of the following shapes: circular, non-circular, elliptical, rectangular, hexagonal, and square.

[0470] C44. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C43, wherein the at least one microlens has a diameter less than 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.44 mm. 2 area.

[0471] C45. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C44, wherein the at least one microlens has a diameter of less than 400, 500, 600, 700 or 750 μm.

[0472] C46. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C45, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a portion of a peripheral region of the lens.

[0473] C47. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C46, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a substantial portion of the peripheral region of the lens.

[0474] C48. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C47, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in a peripheral region of the lens.

[0475] Group "D" Examples:

[0476] Dl. An ophthalmic lens for a myopic eye, comprising: a base lens having a focal power to at least partially correct a refractive error of the eye; and at least one refractive optical element array comprising at least one refractive optical element; wherein the at least one refractive optical element array is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals at wavelengths between 510 nm and 610 nm when worn by a myopic wearer.

[0477] D2. An ophthalmic lens for an eye of a wearer, comprising: a base lens having a focal length to at least partially correct a refractive error of the eye; and at least one refractive optical element; wherein the at least one refractive optical element is configured to introduce a conflicting optical signal at a wavelength corresponding to the peak sensitivity of one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the eye.

[0478] D3. An ophthalmic lens for a wearer's eye, comprising: a base lens having a focal power and at least one refractive optical element; wherein the base lens is configured to at least partially correct a refractive error of the eye at a wavelength of light of approximately 555 nm; and the at least one refractive optical element is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the eye.

[0479] D4. An ophthalmic lens for a wearer's eye, comprising: a base lens having a focal power and at least one refractive optical element; wherein the base lens is configured to at least partially correct the refractive error of the wearer's eye between the peak sensitivities of one or more M cone receptors and one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the eye; and the at least one refractive optical element is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into the one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the eye.

[0480] D5. An ophthalmic lens for a wearer's eye, comprising: a base lens having a focal power, wherein the base lens is configured to at least partially correct the refractive error of the eye between the peak sensitivities of one or more M cone receptors and one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the eye; and at least one refractive optical element configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into the one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the eye.

[0481] D6. An ophthalmic lens for a wearer's eye, comprising: a base lens having a focal power, wherein the base lens is configured to at least partially correct the refractive error of the eye at a wavelength of light of approximately 555 nm; and at least one refractive optical element configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the eye.

[0482] D7. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D6, wherein the at least one refractive optical element of the at least one array of refractive optical elements has a 450,000 μm 2 or smaller area.

[0483] D8. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D7, wherein the at least one refractive optical element of the at least one array of refractive optical elements has a diameter of 750 μm or less.

[0484] D9. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D8, wherein the at least one refractive optical element of the at least one array of refractive optical elements has a fill ratio of 20% or less.

[0485] D10. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D9, wherein the at least one refractive optical element of the at least one array of refractive optical elements has a pupil fill ratio of 20% or less.

[0486] D11. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D10, wherein the at least one refractive optical element of the at least one array of refractive optical elements has a focal length between 500 mm and 2000 mm.

[0487] D12. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D11, wherein the array of refractive optical elements consists of refractive optical elements having a center-to-center distance of less than 1 mm.

[0488] D13. The ophthalmic lens of embodiments D1 to D12, wherein the at least one refractive optical element of the at least one array of refractive optical elements has a focal length greater than 1000 mm.

[0489] D14. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D13, wherein the array of refractive optical elements is located on the front surface of the spectacle lens.

[0490] D15. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D14, wherein the array of refractive optical elements is located on the back surface of the spectacle lens.

[0491] D16. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D15, wherein the array of refractive optical elements is embedded in the matrix of a base spectacle lens.

[0492] D17. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D16, wherein the ophthalmic lens is used to reduce the rate of myopia progression in an eye of a wearer.

[0493] D18. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D17, wherein the base lens is configured to substantially correct the refractive error of the wearer's eye.

[0494] D19. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D18, wherein the base lens is configured to substantially correct the refractive error of the wearer's eye.

[0495] D20. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D19, wherein the base lens is configured to correct a refractive error of a wearer's eye.

[0496] D21. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D20, wherein the one or more L cone receptors are one or more of: a portion of the L cone receptors and a substantial portion of the L cone receptors.

[0497] D22. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D21, wherein the one or more L cone receptors are at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% of the L cone receptors.

[0498] D23. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D22, wherein the one or more M cone receptors are one or more of: a portion of the M cone receptors and a substantial portion of the M cone receptors.

[0499] D24. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D23, wherein the one or more M cone receptors are at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% of the M cone receptors.

[0500] D25. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D24, wherein the at least one refractive optical element is applied to the front surface of the base lens, the back surface of the base lens, or both.

[0501] D26. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D25, wherein said at least one refractive optical element is at least partially formed in the matrix of said base lens.

[0502] D27. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D26, wherein said at least one refractive optical element is formed in said matrix of said base lens.

[0503] D28. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D27, wherein the at least one refractive optical element is an array of refractive optical elements.

[0504] D29. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D28, wherein the at least one array of refractive optical elements is at least substantially located on one or more of: the front surface of the base lens, the back surface of the base lens, and both.

[0505] D30. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D29, wherein the at least one array of refractive optical elements is at least 5%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40% or 50% of the surface area of the base lens.

[0506] D31. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D30, wherein the at least one array of refractive optical elements is configured to form one or more refractive optical element array regions.

[0507] D32. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D31, wherein the one or more refractive optical element array areas are at least 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% of the surface area of the base lens.

[0508] D33. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D11 to D32, wherein the ophthalmic lens consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0509] D34. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D33, wherein the base lens consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0510] D35. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D34, wherein the ophthalmic lens consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0511] D36. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D35, wherein the base lens consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0512] D37. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D36, wherein the at least one array of diffractive optical elements further comprises at least one refractive optical element configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the wearer's eye.

[0513] D38. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D37, wherein the ophthalmic lens further comprises at least one refractive optical element configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L-cone receptors of the retina of the wearer's eye.

[0514] D39. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D38, wherein the at least one refractive optical element is at least one array of refractive optical elements.

[0515] D40. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D39, wherein the at least one array of refractive optical elements is configured to form one or more refractive optical element array regions.

[0516] D41. A method of reducing myopia progression by using the ophthalmic lens of embodiments D1 to D48.

[0517] D42. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D48, wherein the ophthalmic lens is a spectacle lens.

[0518] D43. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D42, wherein the at least one microlens has one or more of the following shapes: circular, non-circular, elliptical, rectangular, hexagonal, and square.

[0519] D44. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D43, wherein the at least one microlens has a diameter less than 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.44 mm. 2 area.

[0520] D45. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D44, wherein the at least one microlens has a diameter of less than 400, 500, 600, 700 or 750 μm.

[0521] D46. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D45, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a portion of a peripheral region of the lens.

[0522] D47. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D46, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a substantial portion of the peripheral region of the lens.

[0523] D48. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D47, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in a peripheral region of the lens.

[0524] Group "E" Examples:

[0525] E1. An ophthalmic lens for a myopic eye, comprising: a base lens having a focal length to at least partially correct a refractive error of the eye; and at least one array comprising at least one refractive optical element and at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the at least one array introduces conflicting optical signals at wavelengths between 510 nm and 610 nm.

[0526] E2. The ophthalmic lens of embodiment E1, wherein at least one of the at least one refractive optical element and the at least one diffractive optical element has a 450,000 μm 2 or smaller area.

[0527] E3. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E2, wherein at least one of the at least one refractive optical element and the at least one diffractive optical element has a diameter of 750 μm or less.

[0528] E4. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E3, wherein at least one of the at least one refractive optical element and the at least one diffractive optical element has a fill ratio of 20% or less.

[0529] E5. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E4, wherein at least one of the at least refractive optical element and the at least one diffractive optical element has a pupil fill ratio of 20% or less.

[0530] E6. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E5, wherein at least one of the at least one refractive optical element and the at least one diffractive optical element has a focal length between 500 mm and 2000 mm.

[0531] E7. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E6, wherein the microlens array is composed of microlenses having a center-to-center distance of less than 1 mm.

[0532] E8. The ophthalmic lens of embodiments E1 to E7, wherein at least one of the at least one refractive optical element and the at least one diffractive optical element has a focal length greater than 1000 mm.

[0533] E9. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E8, wherein the microlens array is located on the front surface of the spectacle lens.

[0534] E10. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E9, wherein the microlens array is located on the back surface of the spectacle lens.

[0535] E11. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E10, wherein the microlens array is embedded in the matrix of a base spectacle lens.

[0536] E12. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E1, wherein the ophthalmic lens consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0537] E13. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E12, wherein the base lens consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0538] E14. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E13, wherein the at least one array of diffractive optical elements further comprises at least one refractive optical element configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the wearer's eye.

[0539] E15. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E14, wherein the ophthalmic lens further comprises at least one refractive optical element configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the wearer's eye.

[0540] E16. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E15, wherein the at least one refractive optical element is at least one array of refractive optical elements.

[0541] E17. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E16, wherein the at least one array of refractive optical elements is configured to form one or more refractive optical element array regions.

[0542] E18. A method of reducing myopia progression by using the ophthalmic lens of embodiments E1 to E25.

[0543] E19. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E25, wherein the ophthalmic lens is a spectacle lens.

[0544] E20. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E25, wherein the at least one microlens has one or more of the following shapes: circular, non-circular, elliptical, rectangular, hexagonal, and square.

[0545] E21. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E20, wherein the at least one microlens has a diameter less than 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.44 mm. 2 area.

[0546] E22. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E21, wherein the at least one microlens has a diameter of less than 400, 500, 600, 700 or 750 μm.

[0547] E23. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E22, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a portion of a peripheral region of the lens.

[0548] E24. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E23, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a substantial portion of the peripheral region of the lens.

[0549] E25. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E24, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in a peripheral region of the lens.

[0550] "F" Group Examples:

[0551] F1. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a first refractive optical element having a first focal power; a second refractive optical element having a second focal power different from the first focal power; wherein the first refractive optical element is configured to at least partially correct a refractive error of a wearer's eye; and wherein the second refractive optical element is configured to introduce a conflicting optical signal of at least 0.25D between one or more M cone receptors of the retina of the wearer's eye.

[0552] F2. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a first refractive optical element having a first focal power; a second refractive optical element having a second focal power different from the first focal power; wherein the first refractive optical element is configured to at least partially correct a refractive error of a wearer's eye; and wherein the second refractive optical element is configured to introduce a conflicting optical signal of at least 0.25D between one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the wearer's eye.

[0553] F3. An ophthalmic lens for myopia, comprising: a first refractive optical element having a first focal length; a second refractive optical element having a second focal length different from the first focal length; wherein the first refractive optical element is configured to at least partially correct myopia; and wherein the second refractive optical element is configured to introduce a conflicting optical signal of at least 0.25D at a wavelength between 510nm and 610nm.

[0554] F4. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments F1 to F3, wherein the second refractive optical element has a diameter of 450,000 μm. 2 or smaller area.

[0555] F5. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments F1 to F4, wherein the second refractive optical element has a diameter of 750 μm or less.

[0556] F6. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments F1 to F5, wherein the second refractive optical element has a fill ratio of 20% or less.

[0557] F7. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments F1 to F6, wherein the second refractive optical element has a pupil fill ratio of 20% or less.

[0558] F8. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments F1 to F7, wherein the second refractive optical element has a focal length between 500 mm and 2000 mm.

[0559] F9. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments F1 to F8, wherein the ophthalmic lens consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0560] F10. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments F1 to F9, wherein the second refractive optical element is part of at least one array, and the at least one array is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals to the one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the wearer's eye.

[0561] F11. A method of reducing myopia progression by using the ophthalmic lens of embodiments F1 to F18.

[0562] F12. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments F1 to F18, wherein the ophthalmic lens is a spectacle lens.

[0563] F13. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments F1 to F12, wherein the second refractive optical element has one or more of the following shapes: circular, non-circular, elliptical, rectangular, hexagonal, and square.

[0564] F14. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments F1 to F13, wherein the second refractive optical element has a diameter less than 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.44 mm. 2 area.

[0565] F15. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments F1 to F14, wherein the second refractive optical element has a diameter of less than 400, 500, 600, 700 or 750 μm.

[0566] F16. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments F1 to F15, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a portion of a peripheral region of the lens.

[0567] F17. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments F1 to F16, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a substantial portion of the peripheral region of the lens.

[0568] F18. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments F1 to F17, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in a peripheral region of the lens.

[0569] "G" Group Examples:

[0570] G1. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a first refractive optical element having a first focal power; a second refractive optical element having a second focal power different from the first focal power; wherein the first refractive optical element is configured to at least partially correct a refractive error of a wearer's eye; and wherein the second refractive optical element is configured to introduce a focusing pattern at the level of the retina of the wearer's eye, the focusing pattern being spectrally variant and spatially variant.

[0571] G2. The ophthalmic lens of embodiment G1, wherein the second refractive optical element has a diameter of 450,000 μm. 2 or smaller area.

[0572] G3. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G2, wherein the second refractive optical element has a diameter of 750 μm or less.

[0573] G4. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G3, wherein the second refractive optical element has a fill ratio of 20% or less.

[0574] G5. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G4, wherein the second refractive optical element has a pupil fill ratio of 20% or less.

[0575] G6. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G5, wherein the second refractive optical element has a focal length between 500 mm and 2000 mm.

[0576] G7. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of one or more of embodiments G1 to G6, wherein the ophthalmic lens is used to reduce the rate of myopia progression in the wearer's eye.

[0577] G8. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G7, wherein the base lens is configured to substantially correct the refractive error of the wearer's eye.

[0578] G9. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G8, wherein the base lens is configured to substantially correct the refractive error of the wearer's eye.

[0579] G10. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G9, wherein the base lens is configured to correct a refractive error of a wearer's eye.

[0580] G11. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G10, wherein the one or more L cone receptors are one or more of: a portion of the L cone receptors and a substantial portion of the L cone receptors.

[0581] G12. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G11, wherein the one or more L cone receptors are at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% of the L cone receptors.

[0582] G13. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G12, wherein the one or more M cone receptors are one or more of: a portion of the M cone receptors and a substantial portion of the M cone receptors.

[0583] G14. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G13, wherein the one or more M cone receptors are at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% of the M cone receptors.

[0584] G15. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G8, wherein the ophthalmic lens consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0585] G16. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G9, wherein the second refractive optical element is part of at least one array, and the at least one array is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into the one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the wearer's eye.

[0586] G17. A method of reducing myopia progression by using the ophthalmic lens of embodiments G1 to G24.

[0587] G18. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G24, wherein the ophthalmic lens is a spectacle lens.

[0588] G19. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G18, wherein the second refractive optical element has one or more of the following shapes: circular, non-circular, elliptical, rectangular, hexagonal, and square.

[0589] G20. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G19, wherein the second refractive optical element has a diameter less than 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.44 mm. 2 area.

[0590] G21. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G20, wherein the second refractive optical element has a diameter of less than 400, 500, 600, 700 or 750 μm.

[0591] G22. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G21, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a portion of a peripheral region of the lens.

[0592] G23. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G22, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a substantial portion of the peripheral region of the lens.

[0593] G24. The ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G23, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in a peripheral region of the lens.

[0594] Although certain embodiments have been shown and described herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of the invention and that methods and structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby.

Claims

1. A spectacle lens system for reducing myopia progression in a person, comprising: eyeglass lenses; as well as a microlens array comprising a plurality of microlenses; wherein the microlens array is combined with the eyeglass lens to introduce conflicting color cues at retinal level, the conflicting color cues comprising conflicting optical signals having a focus pattern, wherein the conflicting optical signals comprise a first proportion of focused light and a second proportion of out-of-focus light; The plurality of micro lenses of the micro lens array have: Filling ratio less than 20%; Wherein, "filling ratio" is expressed as the percentage of the area containing microlenses to the total surface area of the eyeglass lens blank; and Therein, the focus pattern at the level of the retina of the wearer's eye is spectrally variant and / or spatially variant.

2. The eyeglass lens system of claim 1, wherein the microlens array is integrally formed with the eyeglass lens.

3. The eyeglass lens system of claim 1 , wherein a center-to-center spacing between two or more of the plurality of microlenses is 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mm, or a combination thereof.

4. The eyeglass lens system of claim 1 , wherein a center-to-center spacing between two or more of the plurality of microlenses is between 1 mm and 3 mm.

5. The eyeglass lens system of claim 1 , wherein the shape of one or more of the microlenses of the plurality of microlenses is one or more of: spherical, aspherical, extended odd polynomial, extended even polynomial, conical section, biconical section, toric, and Zernike polynomial.

6. The eyeglass lens system of claim 3, wherein the shape of one or more of the microlenses of the plurality of microlenses is one or more of: spherical, aspherical, extended odd polynomial, extended even polynomial, conical section, biconical section, toric, and Zernike polynomial.

7. The eyeglass lens system of claim 4, wherein the shape of one or more of the microlenses of the plurality of microlenses is one or more of: spherical, aspherical, extended odd polynomial, extended even polynomial, conical section, biconical section, toric, and Zernike polynomial.

8. The eyeglass lens system of claim 1 , wherein the microlens array covers an area of at least 5%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 18%, or 20% of the surface area of the eyeglass lens.

9. The eyeglass lens system of claim 7, wherein the microlens array covers an area of at least 5%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 18%, or 20% of the surface area of the eyeglass lens.

10. The eyeglass lens system of claim 1 , wherein the microlens array is capable of providing defocus to the wearer over 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% of the viewing angle available to the wearer.

11. The spectacle lens system of claim 1 , wherein the spectacle lens system consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

12. The spectacle lens system of claim 9, wherein the spectacle lens system consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

13. The eyeglass lens system of claim 1, wherein a refractive index of a material used to form at least one of the plurality of microlenses is different from a refractive index of a material used to form the eyeglass lens.

14. The eyeglass lens system of claim 1 , wherein at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or 90% of the microlenses of the plurality of microlenses are formed of a material having a refractive index different from a refractive index of a material used to form the eyeglass lens.

15. The spectacle lens system of claim 1, wherein the lenslets of the plurality of lenslets are circular and have 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 different diameters.

16. The eyeglass lens system of claim 1, wherein the microlenses of the plurality of microlenses have 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 different focal lengths.

17. The eyeglass lens system of claim 12, wherein the microlenses of the plurality of microlenses have 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 different focal lengths.

18. The spectacle lens system of claim 1, wherein the spectacle lens system is capable of modifying incident light through the spectacle lens and utilizing color cues to slow the rate of myopia progression.

19. The spectacle lens system of claim 1 , wherein the spectacle lens system is capable of providing a stop signal for a progressing eye for a portion of the visual angle of the spectacle lens system.

20. The spectacle lens system of claim 1, wherein the spectacle lens system is capable of providing a stop signal for the progressing eye for at least 95% of a total visual angle of the spectacle lens system.

21. The spectacle lens system of claim 1, wherein the spectacle lens system is capable of providing a stop signal for a progressive eye for a portion of the visual angle of an area of the spectacle lens system containing the microlens array.

22. The spectacle lens system of claim 1, wherein the spectacle lens system is capable of providing a stop signal for a progressive eye for at least 95% of a total viewing angle of a region of the spectacle lens system containing the microlens array.

23. The spectacle lens system of claim 1, wherein the fill ratio is at least 5%.

24. The spectacle lens system of claim 17, wherein the fill ratio is at least 5%.

25. An eyeglass lens system for correcting refractive error and controlling eye growth, comprising: Spectacle lenses having a refractive power selected to correct the refractive error of the eye; a microlens array comprising a plurality of microlenses of a predetermined shape and size arranged in a predetermined pattern, wherein a portion of the microlenses is transparent and comprises a contoured surface configured to focus light; wherein the microlens array, when positioned relative to the eyeglass lens, alters the path of light to provide a directional signal for controlling eye development; wherein the microlens array is combined with the eyeglass lens to introduce conflicting optical signals at the retinal level; The plurality of micro lenses of the micro lens array have: A fill ratio of less than 20%; or Less than 20% fill ratio and less than 20% pupil fill ratio; or A pupil fill ratio of at least 5% and less than 20%; The "fill ratio" is expressed as the percentage of the area containing microlenses to the total surface area of the spectacle lens blank or base ophthalmic lens, and the "pupil fill ratio" is the percentage of the cumulative area of the microlenses in the pupil region projected on the plane of the microlenses relative to the total area of the pupil projected on the plane of the microlenses for a specific viewing angle.

26. The spectacle lens system of claim 25, wherein the fill ratio is at least 5%.

27. The spectacle lens system of claim 25, wherein a center-to-center spacing between two or more of the plurality of microlenses is 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mm, or a combination thereof.

28. The spectacle lens system of claim 25, wherein a center-to-center spacing between two or more of the plurality of microlenses is between 1 mm and 3 mm.

29. The eyeglass lens system of claim 25, wherein the shape of one or more of the microlenses of the plurality of microlenses is one or more of: spherical, aspherical, extended odd polynomial, extended even polynomial, conical section, biconical section, toric, and Zernike polynomial.

30. An ophthalmic lens for use with an eye of a wearer, comprising: a base lens having a power to at least partially correct a refractive error of the eye; and at least one refractive optical element; wherein the at least one refractive optical element is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals at a wavelength corresponding to a peak sensitivity of one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the eye; Wherein, the at least one refractive optical element has: A fill ratio of less than 20%; or Less than 20% fill ratio and less than 20% pupil fill ratio; or A pupil fill ratio of at least 5% and less than 20%; The "fill ratio" is expressed as the percentage of the area containing the refractive optical elements to the total surface area of the eyeglass lens blank, and the "pupil filling ratio" is the percentage of the cumulative area of the refractive optical elements in the pupil region projected on the plane of the refractive optical elements relative to the total area of the pupil projected on the plane of the refractive optical elements for a specific viewing angle.

31. An ophthalmic lens for use with an eye of a wearer, comprising: a base lens having a focal power and at least one refractive optical element; wherein the base lens is configured to at least partially correct a refractive error of the eye at a wavelength of light of 555 nm; and the at least one refractive optical element is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L-cone receptors of the retina of the eye; Wherein, the at least one refractive optical element has: A fill ratio of less than 20%; or Less than 20% fill ratio and less than 20% pupil fill ratio; or A pupil fill ratio of at least 5% and less than 20%; The "fill ratio" is expressed as the percentage of the area containing the refractive optical elements to the total surface area of the spectacle lens blank or the base ophthalmic lens, and the "pupil filling ratio" is the percentage of the cumulative area of the refractive optical elements in the pupil region projected on the plane of the refractive optical elements relative to the total area of the pupil projected on the plane of the refractive optical elements for a specific viewing angle.

32. An ophthalmic lens for use with an eye of a wearer, comprising: a base lens having a focal power and at least one refractive optical element; wherein the base lens is configured to at least partially correct a refractive error of the wearer's eye between the peak sensitivities of one or more M cone receptors of the eye's retina and one or more L cone receptors of the eye's retina; as well as The at least one refractive optical element is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the eye; Wherein, the at least one refractive optical element has: A fill ratio of less than 20%; or Less than 20% fill ratio and less than 20% pupil fill ratio; or A pupil fill ratio of at least 5% and less than 20%; The "fill ratio" is expressed as the percentage of the area containing the refractive optical elements to the total surface area of the spectacle lens blank or the base ophthalmic lens, and the "pupil filling ratio" is the percentage of the cumulative area of the refractive optical elements in the pupil region projected on the plane of the refractive optical elements relative to the total area of the pupil projected on the plane of the refractive optical elements for a specific viewing angle.

33. An ophthalmic lens for use with an eye of a wearer, comprising: A base lens having a power configured to at least partially correct a refractive error of an eye between the peak sensitivities of one or more M cone receptors of the retina of the eye and one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the eye; and at least one refractive optical element configured to introduce conflicting optical signals to the one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the eye; wherein the at least one refractive optical element has: A fill ratio of less than 20%; or Less than 20% fill ratio and less than 20% pupil fill ratio; or A pupil fill ratio of at least 5% and less than 20%; The "fill ratio" is expressed as the percentage of the area containing the refractive optical elements to the total surface area of the spectacle lens blank or the base ophthalmic lens, and the "pupil filling ratio" is the percentage of the cumulative area of the refractive optical elements in the pupil region projected on the plane of the refractive optical elements relative to the total area of the pupil projected on the plane of the refractive optical elements for a specific viewing angle.

34. An ophthalmic lens for use with an eye of a wearer, comprising: a base lens having a power configured to at least partially correct a refractive error of the eye at a wavelength of light of 555 nm; and at least one refractive optical element configured to direct conflicting optical signals into one or more M cone receptors of the retina of the eye; Wherein, the at least one refractive optical element has: A fill ratio of less than 20%; or Less than 20% fill ratio and less than 20% pupil fill ratio; or A pupil fill ratio of at least 5% and less than 20%; The "fill ratio" is expressed as the percentage of the area containing the refractive optical elements to the total surface area of the spectacle lens blank or the base ophthalmic lens, and the "pupil filling ratio" is the percentage of the cumulative area of the refractive optical elements in the pupil region projected on the plane of the refractive optical elements relative to the total area of the pupil projected on the plane of the refractive optical elements for a specific viewing angle.

35. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, wherein the at least one refractive optical element has a diameter of 450,000 μm. 2 or smaller area.

36. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, wherein the at least one refractive optical element has a diameter of 750 μm or less.

37. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, wherein the at least one refractive optical element has a focal length between 500 mm and 2000 mm.

38. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, comprising an array of refractive optical elements comprised of refractive optical elements having a center-to-center distance of less than 1 mm.

39. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, wherein the at least one refractive optical element has a focal length greater than 1000 mm.

40. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, comprising an array of refractive optical elements, wherein the array of refractive optical elements is located on a front surface of the spectacle lens.

41. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, comprising an array of refractive optical elements, wherein the array of refractive optical elements is located on a back surface of a spectacle lens.

42. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, comprising an array of refractive optical elements embedded in a matrix of a base spectacle lens.

43. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, wherein the ophthalmic lens is used to reduce the rate of myopia progression in a wearer's eye.

44. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, wherein the base lens is configured to correct a refractive error of a wearer's eye.

45. The ophthalmic lens of claim 35, wherein the base lens is configured to correct refractive error of a wearer's eye.

46. The ophthalmic lens of claim 36, wherein the base lens is configured to correct refractive error of a wearer's eye.

47. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-33, wherein the one or more L cone receptors are a portion of an L cone receptor.

48. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-33, wherein the one or more L cone receptors are at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% of the L cone receptors.

49. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 33-34, wherein the one or more M cone receptors are a portion of an M cone receptor.

50. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 33-34, wherein said one or more M cone receptors are at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% of said M cone receptors.

51. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, wherein the at least one refractive optical element is applied to the front surface of the base lens, the back surface of the base lens, or both.

52. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, wherein the at least one refractive optical element is at least partially formed in a matrix of the base lens.

53. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, wherein the at least one refractive optical element is formed in a matrix of the base lens.

54. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, wherein at least one refractive optical element is an array of refractive optical elements.

55. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, comprising at least one array of refractive optical elements located on one or more of: the front surface of the base lens, the back surface of the base lens, or both.

56. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, comprising at least one array of refractive optical elements, wherein the at least one array of refractive optical elements is at least 5%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40% or 50% of the total surface area of the base lens.

57. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, comprising at least one array of refractive optical elements, wherein the at least one array of refractive optical elements is configured to form one or more refractive optical element array regions.

58. The ophthalmic lens of claim 57, wherein the one or more refractive optical element array areas are at least 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% of the total surface area of the base lens.

59. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, wherein the ophthalmic lens consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

60. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, wherein the base lens consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

61. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, comprising at least one array of refractive optical elements, wherein the at least one array of refractive optical elements further comprises at least one refractive optical element configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the wearer's eye.

62. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, wherein the ophthalmic lens further comprises at least one refractive optical element configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the wearer's eye.

63. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, wherein the at least one refractive optical element is at least one array of refractive optical elements.

64. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, comprising at least one array of refractive optical elements, wherein the at least one array of refractive optical elements is configured to form one or more refractive optical element array regions.

65. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, wherein the ophthalmic lens is a spectacle lens.

66. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, wherein the at least one refractive optical element has one or more of the following shapes: circular, non-circular, elliptical, rectangular, hexagonal, and square.

67. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, wherein the at least one refractive optical element has a diameter less than 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.44 mm. 2 area.

68. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, wherein the at least one refractive optical element has a diameter of less than 400, 500, 600, 700, or 750 μιη.

69. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a portion of a peripheral region of the lens.

70. The ophthalmic lens of claim 35, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a portion of a peripheral region of the lens.

71. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in a peripheral region of the lens.

72. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, wherein the center-to-center spacing between two or more of the at least one refractive optical element is 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mm, or a combination thereof.

73. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, wherein the center-to-center spacing between two or more of the at least one refractive optical element is between 1 mm and 3 mm.

74. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 30-34, wherein the shape of one or more of the at least one refractive optical elements is one or more of: spherical, aspherical, extended odd polynomial, extended even polynomial, conical section, biconical section, toric surface, and Zernike polynomial.

75. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a first refractive optical element having a first focal power; a second refractive optical element having a second focal power different from the first focal power; wherein the first refractive optical element is configured to at least partially correct a refractive error of a wearer's eye; and wherein the second refractive optical element is configured to introduce a conflicting optical signal of at least 0.25D between one or more M cone receptors of a retina of the wearer's eye; wherein the second refractive optical element has: A fill ratio of less than 20%; or Less than 20% fill ratio and less than 20% pupil fill ratio; or A pupil fill ratio of at least 5% and less than 20%; The "fill ratio" is expressed as the percentage of the area containing the refractive optical elements to the total surface area of the spectacle lens blank or the base ophthalmic lens, and the "pupil filling ratio" is the percentage of the cumulative area of the refractive optical elements in the pupil region projected on the plane of the refractive optical elements relative to the total area of the pupil projected on the plane of the refractive optical elements for a specific viewing angle.

76. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a first refractive optical element having a first focal power; a second refractive optical element having a second focal power different from the first focal power; wherein the first refractive optical element is configured to at least partially correct a refractive error of a wearer's eye; and wherein the second refractive optical element is configured to introduce a conflicting optical signal of at least 0.25D between one or more L cone receptors of a retina of the wearer's eye; wherein the second refractive optical element has: A fill ratio of less than 20%; or Less than 20% fill ratio and less than 20% pupil fill ratio; or A pupil fill ratio of at least 5% and less than 20%; The "fill ratio" is expressed as the percentage of the area containing the refractive optical elements to the total surface area of the spectacle lens blank or the base ophthalmic lens, and the "pupil filling ratio" is the percentage of the cumulative area of the refractive optical elements in the pupil region projected on the plane of the refractive optical elements relative to the total area of the pupil projected on the plane of the refractive optical elements for a specific viewing angle.

77. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 75-76, wherein the second refractive optical element has a diameter of 450,000 μm. 2 or smaller area.

78. The ophthalmic lens of any one of Claims 75-76, wherein the second refractive optical element has a diameter of 750 μm or less.

79. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 75-76, wherein the second refractive optical element has a focal length between 500 mm and 2000 mm.

80. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 75-76, wherein the ophthalmic lens consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

81. The ophthalmic lens of claim 76, wherein the second refractive optical element is part of at least one array, and the at least one array is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into the one or more L cone receptors of the retina of the wearer's eye.

82. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 75-76, wherein the ophthalmic lens is a spectacle lens.

83. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 75-76, wherein the second refractive optical element has one or more of the following shapes: circular, non-circular, elliptical, rectangular, hexagonal, and square.

84. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 75-76, wherein the second refractive optical element has a diameter less than 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.44 mm. 2 area.

85. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 75-76, wherein the second refractive optical element is circular and has a diameter of less than 400, 500, 600, 700, or 750 μιη.

86. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 75-76, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a portion of a peripheral region of the lens.

87. The ophthalmic lens of claim 77, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a portion of a peripheral region of the lens.

88. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 75-76, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in a peripheral region of the lens.

89. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 75-76, wherein the center-to-center spacing between two or more of the second refractive optical elements is 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mm, or a combination thereof.

90. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 75-76, wherein the center-to-center spacing between two or more of the second refractive optical elements is between 1 mm and 3 mm.

91. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 75-76, wherein the shape of one or more of the second refractive optical elements is one or more of: spherical, aspherical, extended odd polynomial, extended even polynomial, conical section, biconical section, complex surface and Zernike polynomial.

92. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a first refractive optical element having a first focal power; a second refractive optical element having a second focal power different from the first focal power; wherein the first refractive optical element is configured to at least partially correct a refractive error of a wearer's eye; and wherein the second refractive optical element is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals at the level of the retina of the wearer's eye, wherein a focus pattern is introduced at the level of the retina of the wearer's eye, the focus pattern being spectrally variant and / or spatially variant; Wherein, the second refractive optical element has: A fill ratio of less than 20%; or Less than 20% fill ratio and less than 20% pupil fill ratio; or A pupil fill ratio of at least 5% and less than 20%; The "fill ratio" is expressed as the percentage of the area containing the refractive optical elements to the total surface area of the spectacle lens blank or the base ophthalmic lens, and the "pupil filling ratio" is the percentage of the cumulative area of the refractive optical elements in the pupil region projected on the plane of the refractive optical elements relative to the total area of the pupil projected on the plane of the refractive optical elements for a specific viewing angle.

93. The ophthalmic lens of claim 92, wherein the second refractive optical element has a diameter of 450,000 μm. 2 or smaller area.

94. The ophthalmic lens of any one of claims 92-93, wherein the second refractive optical element has a diameter of 750 μm or less.

95. The ophthalmic lens of claim 92, wherein the second refractive optical element has a focal length between 500 mm and 2000 mm.

96. The ophthalmic lens of claim 92, wherein the ophthalmic lens is used to reduce the rate of myopia progression in a wearer's eye.

97. The ophthalmic lens of claim 92, wherein the first refractive optical element is configured to correct a refractive error of a wearer's eye.

98. The ophthalmic lens of claim 93, wherein the first refractive optical element is configured to correct a refractive error of a wearer's eye.

99. The ophthalmic lens of claim 92, wherein the second refractive optical element is part of at least one array, and the at least one array is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L cone receptors or one or more M cone receptors of the retina of the wearer's eye.

100. The ophthalmic lens of claim 99, wherein the one or more L cone receptors are a portion of an L cone receptor.

101. The ophthalmic lens of any of claims 99-100, wherein said one or more L cone receptors are at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% of said L cone receptors.

102. The ophthalmic lens of claim 99, wherein the one or more M cone receptors are a portion of an M cone receptor.

103. The ophthalmic lens of claim 99, wherein the one or more M cone receptors are at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% of the M cone receptors.

104. The ophthalmic lens of claim 92, wherein the ophthalmic lens consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

105. The ophthalmic lens of claim 92, wherein the ophthalmic lens is a spectacle lens.

106. The ophthalmic lens of claim 92, wherein the second refractive optical element has one or more of the following shapes: circular, non-circular, elliptical, rectangular, hexagonal, and square.

107. The ophthalmic lens of claim 92, wherein the second refractive optical element has a diameter less than 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.44 mm. 2 area.

108. The ophthalmic lens of claim 92, wherein the second refractive optical element is circular and has a diameter of less than 400, 500, 600, 700, or 750 μm.

109. The ophthalmic lens of claim 92, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a portion of a peripheral region of the lens.

110. The ophthalmic lens of claim 93, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a portion of a peripheral region of the lens.

111. The ophthalmic lens of claim 92, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in a peripheral region of the lens.

112. The ophthalmic lens of claim 92, wherein the center-to-center spacing between two or more of the second refractive optical elements is 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mm, or a combination thereof.

113. The ophthalmic lens of claim 92, wherein the center-to-center spacing between two or more of the second refractive optical elements is between 1 mm and 3 mm.

114. The ophthalmic lens of claim 92, wherein the shape of one or more of the second refractive optical elements is one or more of: spherical, aspherical, extended odd polynomial, extended even polynomial, conical section, biconical section, complex surface and Zernike polynomial.

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