Heating body

Abstract

The invention relates to a heating body (10) comprising a plurality of heat pipes (14) filled with a working medium (12), which preferably run parallel or substantially parallel, each having a first end (20) and a second end (22), and a heat source (16) which is thermally coupled to the first end (20) and / or the second end (22) of the heat pipes (14). In order to improve the efficiency, to shorten the heating time and to achieve a uniform heat distribution, it is provided that the first end (20) of the heat pipes (14) is configured open and is in fluid connection with a first cross connection (24), and / or the second end (22) of the heat pipes (14) is configured open and is in fluid connection with a second cross connection (26), wherein the heat pipes (14) and the cross connections (24, 26) form a common cavity which is filled with the working medium (12), and the first cross connection (24) or the second cross connection (26) is thermally coupled to the heat source (16) in order to absorb heat from the heat source (16).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a heating element according to the invention and alternative embodiments thereof. Background Technology

[0002] A heating element of the type mentioned at the beginning is known from DE 20 2007 015 734 Ul. The multi-piece heating element comprises a vertically arranged, heated front plate and a plurality of vertically arranged, spaced apart, refrigerant-filled, closed hollow profiles thermally connected to the back side of the front plate. The ends of the hollow profiles protrude from the front plate on one side and are received in a horizontal carrier profile tube below the front plate through which the heated medium flows. The carrier profile tube includes at least one inlet pipe and at least one outlet pipe, as well as openings for thermally conductively and form-fittingly receiving the ends of the hollow profiles. The heated front plate, together with the hollow profiles thermally connected to the front plate, can therefore be separated from the carrier profile tube without interrupting and draining the heating medium.

[0003] In known embodiments, the hollow profile is constructed as a single element and is closed at the ends.

[0004] EP 1 307 698 B1 relates to a heater comprising a substantially vertical heating tube connected to at least one additional heating tube extending substantially horizontally from and rotatably disposed thereon. At least one of the heating tubes is at least partially vented and has an internal cavity for containing a running liquid. Furthermore, at least one of the heating tubes is adapted to absorb heat from an internal or external heat source.

[0005] Different types of heating elements are known for use in space heating with hot water as a heat carrier. Based on their structure and function, hot water heating elements are classified into convection heaters, interlocking heaters, tubular heaters, and plate heaters.

[0006] The aforementioned hot water heaters are essentially distinguished by their structural design and the way they release heat, either radiatively or convectively. The method of releasing heat into the space is crucial for space climate. The higher the proportion of radiative heat, the more pleasant the heating comfort or overall comfort.

[0007] Convection heat is generated by heating cool air along the surface of a heated body, thereby improving the circulation of air and dust in the space. In contrast, radiant heat (wavelengths in the infrared range) heats only solids, objects, walls, furniture, and / or any type of material, including biological matter. IR radiation also heats gases (such as indoor air), but significantly less than convective heat, which results in dust not being stirred up by radiant heat.

[0008] A passive convection heater is a heating element in which cooler ambient air is heated in a cavity (e.g., a pipe) containing finned water. Forced vertical air circulation is created through localized heating on the largely vertical surfaces of the fins. The fins increase the heat-dissipating surface area of ​​the material surrounding the cavity. The pipe and fins can be made of thermally conductive material.

[0009] An active convection heater is a heating element in which air to be heated is forced through a pipe carrying water with plates by means of at least one fan, and is thus heated. The pipe and plates can also be made of a thermally conductive metal. A typical structure is, for example, a heating register.

[0010] A segmented heating element consists of individual segments assembled together. Heat release occurs primarily through convection, preferably 3 / 4 as convective heat and 1 / 4 as radiative heat. The heating element segments are constructed of thermally conductive metals, such as steel or cast iron.

[0011] The tubular heating element consists of side-by-side tubes without plates, each tube being fluid-tightly connected at its ends to corresponding parallel connecting pipes. The efficiency roughly corresponds to that of a segmented heating element, where 3 / 4 of the heat is dissipated as convective heat and 1 / 4 as radiative heat. The heating element segments are constructed of thermally conductive materials, preferably steel, copper, and / or aluminum. A typical structural form is, for example, a towel rack.

[0012] Plate heaters are a standard form of heater. They are constructed by welding together half-plates, within which water channels / cavities are pre-formed. The cavities guiding the water are designed in a more planar manner within the heater. This results in a more favorable heat transfer surface area to water volume ratio compared to staged heaters. Furthermore, plate heaters require less hot water for the same heat output compared to staged heaters, saving approximately 30% more hot water. Depending on the design, plate heaters radiate 30% to 70% of the heat and 30% to 50% of the heat through convection.

[0013] The convection fraction is increased by arranging convection plates (ribs) parallel and vertically in the welded plate chambers. Thermal power can be altered by the fluid-tightly connected parallel plates.

[0014] The heat transfer medium used in the aforementioned heating element is hot water. The structural method or type determines the water volume for comparable heat output or power. Thermal radiation, especially in the case of plate heating elements, is not always uniformly distributed on the plate surface. In particular, thermal radiation is related to the type and location of the connection between the inlet and / or return sections. A distinction is made essentially between connections on the same side, alternating sides, reitend, and / or suspended. Special embodiments, such as single-pipe connections and central connections, are also known.

[0015] In the case of connections on the same side and / or alternating sides, it is generally known that such connections do not affect the thermal power of the hot water heating element. In the case of straddling and suspended connections, a power reduction of up to 15% must be considered. The thermal power of the heating element is also primarily determined by the structural method, dimensions, hot water inlet temperature, water volume flow, and / or the connection position of the inlet and / or return sections. The heating element also experiences what is known as "thermal inertia."

[0016] The heating cost allocator (Heizkostenverteiler) used for calculating heating costs related to consumption can be positioned at a standardized, predetermined location in the case of a cascade heating element, tubular heating element, or plate heating element. In the case of a convection unit only, heating costs are determined via a heat meter in the water loop. Summary of the Invention

[0017] From this point forward, the objective of this invention is to improve the type of heating element mentioned at the beginning, thereby improving efficiency, shortening heating time, and achieving uniform heat distribution.

[0018] According to the present invention, this task is accomplished by the features described herein and alternatively by other features described herein.

[0019] According to the invention, the first end of the heat pipe is configured to be open and fluidly connected to the first lateral connecting pipe and / or the second end of the heat pipe is configured to be open and fluidly connected to the second lateral connecting pipe, wherein the heat pipe and the lateral connecting pipe form a common cavity filled with a working medium, and the first lateral connecting pipe or the second lateral connecting pipe is thermally coupled to a heat source in order to absorb heat from the heat source.

[0020] By connecting the first or second open ends of the heat pipes with transverse connecting pipes, thermal equilibrium is achieved among the individual heat pipes, thereby achieving a more uniform temperature distribution compared to heating elements according to the prior art. The present invention increases heat output compared to hot water heating elements according to the prior art. The volume of water in the heating element cavity and therefore the surrounding water volume can also be reduced. Furthermore, it can be determined that the surfaces, ribs, and / or plates emitting the heat beam reach their preset temperature more quickly.

[0021] Uniform temperature distribution simplifies the location determination of the heating cost detector. In particular, the thermal power is constant, independent of the connection type. According to embodiments of the invention, rapid heating of radiant surfaces, uniform heat distribution on radiant surfaces, ribs, and / or plates, rapid adjustment characteristics independent of connection type, and energy cost savings of up to 40% compared to conventional heating elements are achieved.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the heat pipes are arranged parallel to each other and extend vertically in the operating position. In this embodiment, the heat pipes are preferably constructed as gravity heat pipes.

[0023] The working medium is preferably a commercially available and freely available refrigerant and / or refrigerant mixture (non-azeotropic mixture) from HFKW and / or FKW and / or a suitable refrigerant group, having a GWP value (global warming potential) of less than 2500 or less than 750.

[0024] In another preferred embodiment, the lower first transverse connecting pipe is connected to a heat source and forms an evaporator for the working medium, while the upper second transverse connecting pipe forms a condenser for the working medium.

[0025] To improve thermal radiation, heat pipes and / or transverse connecting pipes are configured to have elements that radiate heat along the longitudinal direction, such as surface elements, ribs, or plates.

[0026] Preferably, the surface elements of each heat pipe and / or lateral connecting pipe are in a single plane.

[0027] Preferably, the heat source is a heating pipe through which a gaseous or liquid heating medium (such as water) can flow. The heating pipe is arranged coaxially along the longitudinal axis in a first or second transverse connecting pipe and is surrounded by the working medium.

[0028] Preferably, the connecting pipes for the inlet and outlet of the heating tube are connected to the transverse connecting pipe in a pressure-sealed and fluid-sealed manner on the end side.

[0029] Alternatively, the heating element may extend parallel or substantially parallel to the first or second transverse connecting pipe and be thermally coupled to the first or second transverse connecting pipe.

[0030] In order to adapt the heating element according to the invention to different connection types, the heating tube has an inlet and a return section, wherein the inlet is connected via a first bypass pipe to a commonly available regulating valve coupled to a connecting pipe protruding from a second transverse connecting pipe at the end, and a second bypass pipe extending from the regulating valve, preferably parallel to the first bypass pipe, is in fluid connection with the heating tube and coupled to the return section.

[0031] In this embodiment, a flow separation device for regulating the flow of the heating medium (such as water) is additionally provided in the heating tube. The flow separation device extends coaxially along the longitudinal direction of the heating tube from a shielding portion arranged in an opening at one end of the heating tube, wherein the connection method of the heating element can be pre-adjusted by means of the shielding portion.

[0032] Alternatively, the heat source is configured to be an electric heat source, such as an electric heating rod. Preferably, the electric heating rod is housed in a tube thermally coupled to a first lateral connecting tube and / or a second lateral connecting tube and preferably at least partially surrounded by a working medium. The electric heat source provides the advantage that the surfaces, ribs, and / or plates emitting the heat beam reach their preset temperature more quickly. The temperature of the heating element and therefore room temperature can also be adjusted more quickly.

[0033] A particularly preferred embodiment is characterized in that the first transverse connecting tube and / or the second transverse connecting tube are constructed as a double-walled tube structure, wherein the tube for accommodating the heating rod is the inner tube of the double-walled tube structure and is engaged into the transverse connecting tube in a manner that mates with at least one end-side opening for the heating rod, preferably in a fluid-tight and pressure-resistant manner.

[0034] To improve heat transfer between the electric heating rod and the inner tube, the electric heating element is preferably thermally coupled to the tube or inner tube of the first or second lateral connecting tube via a thermally conductive agent (such as thermal paste).

[0035] Preferably, the element coupled to the heat pipe for radiative heat is constructed as a convection plate transverse to the extension of the heat pipe or as a plane parallel to the extension of the pipe.

[0036] Two or more heating elements can also be connected in parallel or in series to form a heating register.

[0037] Advantageously, the heating element or heating register can be coupled to a fan whose flow direction is perpendicular to the plane extending from the heating element. This allows air to be conveyed through the convection plates to improve heat dissipation.

[0038] An alternative embodiment relates to a heating element comprising at least one evacuated heat pipe filled with a working medium having a first end and a second end, and a heat source thermally coupled to the heat pipe.

[0039] According to the alternative invention, the heat pipe is bent into a meandering tube bundle, which includes straight, parallel extending sections and curved sections connecting the upper and lower parts of the parallel sections, wherein the lower or upper curved section of the tube bundle is thermally coupled to a heat source.

[0040] One particularly preferred embodiment is configured such that the ends of the tube bundle are fluid-tightly connected to each other.

[0041] For efficient thermal coupling, the lower arc-shaped section of the tube bundle is configured to form an evaporator and be thermally coupled to the heat-conducting body, wherein the heat-conducting body is thermally coupled to the heat source.

[0042] The heat-conducting body is preferably made of a heat-conducting material, such as copper or aluminum.

[0043] Preferably, the tube bundle is a gravity-heated tube bundle.

[0044] The heat source can be a heating pipe that runs through the heat-conducting body and is circulated by a heating medium (such as water).

[0045] Alternatively, the heat source is an electric heat source, preferably an electric heating rod, which is thermally coupled to the heat-conducting body.

[0046] The vertical section of the tube bundle preferably has heat-conducting plates or convection plates that extend laterally or longitudinally into the vertical section.

[0047] The tube bundles can be connected in parallel or in series to form a heating register, wherein the lower curved section is housed in a common heat-conducting body. Attached Figure Description

[0048] Further details, advantages, and features of the invention will be derived not only from the claims and the features known from those claims (in themselves and / or in combination), but also from the following description of preferred embodiments.

[0049] in:

[0050] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of a heating element with a heat pipe is shown.

[0051] Figure 2 It shows that according to Figure 1 A perspective view of the heat pipes of the heating element.

[0052] Figure 3 It shows that according to Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a heating element filled with a working medium.

[0053] Figure 4 It shows that according to Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a heating element filled with a heating medium.

[0054] Figure 5 Partially cut out according to Figure 1 A front view of the heating element, which has planar heat radiation elements.

[0055] Figure 6 It shows that according to Figure 5 The heating element has a heat pipe that rotates 90° to form a planar heat radiating element as a radiator.

[0056] Figure 7 It shows that according to Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a heating element preferably made of steel, which has a connecting device including an inlet section, a return section, and a bypass pipe for general connection.

[0057] Figure 8 It shows that according to Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a heating element preferably made of aluminum, having a connecting device including an inlet section, a return section, and a bypass pipe for general connection.

[0058] Figure 9 It shows that according to Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of a heating element filled with a working medium.

[0059] Figure 10 It shows that according to Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of a heating element filled with a working medium.

[0060] Figure 11 It shows that according to Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of a heating element filled with a heating medium.

[0061] Figure 12 It shows that according to Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of a heating element filled with a heating medium.

[0062] Figure 13 It shows that according to Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of a heating element preferably made of aluminum, having a connecting device including an inlet and a return section, and a bypass pipe for a straddle connection and a lower right connection.

[0063] Figure 14a It shows that according to Figure 7 or Figure 8 A front view of a heating element having an exemplary first embodiment of a heat radiation element.

[0064] Figure 14b It shows that according to Figure 7 or Figure 8 A front view of a heating element, which has an exemplary alternative embodiment of a heat radiation element.

[0065] Figure 15 The heat pipe of the heating element shown in Figure 14 has a ribbed heat radiating element that is rotated 90° to serve as a radiator.

[0066] Figure 16 A cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the heating element is shown, which has an electric heat source in the form of an electric heating rod.

[0067] Figure 17 It shows that according to Figure 16 A cross-sectional view of a heating element filled with a working medium.

[0068] Figure 18 Partially shown in sectional view according to Figure 16 A front view of a heating element, which has an electric heating rod as a heat source, and exemplary utilizes a heat radiation element as a partition on the right side.

[0069] Figure 19 A cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of a heating element in the form of a heating register is shown, which has plates as heat radiation elements.

[0070] Figure 20 It shows that according to Figure 19 A cross-sectional view of a heating element filled with a working medium.

[0071] Figure 21 It shows that according to Figure 19 A cross-sectional view of a heating element filled with a heating medium.

[0072] Figure 22 A cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a heating element in the form of a heating register is shown, which has an electric heating rod as a heat source.

[0073] Figure 23a It shows two bases Figure 20 A cross-sectional view of the heating element of the parallel heating register.

[0074] Figure 23b It shows that according to Figure 23a Top view of the heating element

[0075] Figure 23c It shows that according to Figure 23a Side view of the heating element.

[0076] Figure 24 It shows that according to Figure 23a A schematic diagram of the heating element in the heating register of the -c type.

[0077] Figure 25a It shows two bases Figure 22 A cross-sectional view of the heating element of a parallel-connected heating register, which has an electric heating rod as a heat source.

[0078] Figure 25b It shows that according to Figure 25a Top view of the heating element

[0079] Figure 25c It shows that according to Figure 25a Side view of the heating element.

[0080] Figure 26 It shows that according to Figures 25a-25c A schematic diagram of the heating element of the heating register.

[0081] Figure 27 A cross-sectional view is shown of a fifth embodiment of a heating element in the form of a meandering heat pipe bundle, which has a heat source in the form of heating pipes.

[0082] Figure 28 A cross-sectional view of a sixth embodiment of a heating element in the form of a meandering heat pipe bundle is shown, having a heat source in the form of an electric heating rod.

[0083] Figure 29a A cross-sectional view of an eighth embodiment of a heating element in the form of a tube bundle heating register is shown, which has three register sections, a tube bundle connected in series, and register sections arranged in parallel (according to...). Figure 27 Heating medium pipes connected in parallel,

[0084] Figure 29b It shows that according to Figure 29a A top view of the tube bundle heating register.

[0085] Figure 29c It shows that according to Figure 29a The tube bundle heating register is viewed along section AA.

[0086] Figure 29d It shows that according to Figure 29a The tube bundle heating register is viewed along section CC in a cross-sectional view.

[0087] Figure 29e It shows that according to Figure 29a The tube bundle heating register along according to Figure 29c , Figure 29d Side view and sectional view of section BB.

[0088] Figure 29f It shows that according to Figure 29d Side view of the tube bundle heating register.

[0089] Figure 30a It shows that according to Figure 28A cross-sectional view of a ninth embodiment of a heating element in the form of a tube bundle heating register, which exemplarily includes three register sections, a tube bundle connected in series, register sections connected in parallel, and an electric heating source.

[0090] Figure 30b It shows that according to Figure 30a A top view of the tube bundle heating register.

[0091] Figure 30c It shows that according to Figure 30a The tube bundle heating register is viewed along section AA.

[0092] Figure 30d It shows that according to Figure 30a The tube bundle heating register is viewed along section CC in a cross-sectional view.

[0093] Figure 30e It shows that according to Figure 30a The tube bundle heating register along according to Figure 30c , Figure 30d Side view and sectional view of section BB.

[0094] Figure 31a A cross-sectional view is shown of a tenth embodiment of a heating element in the form of a tube bundle heating register, which exemplarily has three register sections arranged in parallel, a tube bundle preferably having water as a heat source connected in series, and heating medium tubes connected in parallel.

[0095] Figure 31b It shows that according to Figure 31a A top view of the tube bundle heating register.

[0096] Figure 31c It shows that according to Figure 31a The tube bundle heating register is viewed along section AA.

[0097] Figure 31d It shows that according to Figure 31a The tube bundle heating register is viewed along section CC in a cross-sectional view.

[0098] Figure 31e It shows that according to Figure 31a The tube bundle heating register along according to Figure 31c , Figure 31d The side view and top view of section BB.

[0099] Figure 31f It shows that according to Figure 31d Side view of the tube bundle heating register.

[0100] Figure 32a It shows that according to Figure 27A cross-sectional view of the eleventh embodiment of a heating element in the form of a tube bundle heating register, which exemplarily has three register sections arranged in parallel, a tube bundle connected in series, and heating medium tubes connected in series.

[0101] Figure 32b It shows that according to Figure 32a A top view of the tube bundle heating register.

[0102] Figure 32c It shows that according to Figure 32a The tube bundle heating register is viewed along section AA.

[0103] Figure 32d It shows that according to Figure 32a The tube bundle heating register is viewed along section CC in a cross-sectional view.

[0104] Figure 32e It shows that according to Figure 32a The tube bundle heating register along according to Figure 32c , Figure 32d Side view and sectional view of section BB.

[0105] Figure 32f It shows that according to Figure 32d Side view of the tube bundle heating register. Detailed Implementation

[0106] Figure 1 The heating element 10 is shown in cross-section and includes a plurality of evacuated heat pipes 14 extending in parallel or substantially parallel and filled with a working medium 12, and a heat source 16 in the form of a heating pipe through which a heated medium 18 (such as water) flows, the heating pipe being thermally coupled to the heat pipes 14.

[0107] According to the present invention, the heat pipe 14 is configured as a gravity heat pipe and includes a first open end 20 and a second open end 22. The first open end enters into a closed first transverse connecting pipe 24 and is fluid-tightly connected to the first transverse connecting pipe. The second open end 22 enters into a closed second transverse connecting pipe 26 and is fluid-tightly connected to the second transverse connecting pipe.

[0108] The cavities of heat pipe 14 and the lateral connecting pipes 24, 26 form a unified cavity, which is evacuated and filled with working medium 12. Preferably, the working medium is a non-flammable, commercially available, and readily available refrigerant mixture, such as a partially halogenated fluorocarbon from the HFKW group in a non-azeotropic mixture. The pressure inside heat pipe 14 and the lateral connecting pipes 24, 26 is preferably 33 bar, based on the heating element surface temperature up to 70°C. Temperatures beyond hot water heating can also be achieved with the aid of a suitable working medium.

[0109] The transverse connecting pipe 24 accommodates the heating pipe 16 in a coaxial direction, wherein the transverse connecting pipe is fluid-tightly closed at its end faces 28, 30, and only the connecting pipes 32, 34 of the heating pipe pass through the end faces 28, 30. In the second transverse connecting pipe, a filling valve 36 is preferably arranged at the end face, and a safety valve 38 is exemplary arranged in the middle within the pipe wall. Structurally, the safety valve is also possible in any other advantageous location in the transverse connecting pipe or in the cavity filled with the working medium. An advantageous safety enclosure of the valve is provided if technical guidelines require it. The lower first transverse connecting pipe 24 essentially forms an evaporator (fluid collector), while the upper second transverse connecting pipe 26 forms a condenser (steam collector).

[0110] Figure 2 A heat pipe 14 in the form of a gravity heat pipe is shown in a simplified embodiment. The heat pipe 14 and the lateral connecting pipes 24, 26 can be made of aluminum, copper, carbon steel and / or VA steel or other thermally conductive solid materials, as well as combinations of different materials.

[0111] Heat pipe 14 is a device for transferring heat and for this purpose uses a movable working medium (e.g., water, ammonia, or refrigerant) that evaporates and condenses again in the loop. The working medium is initially liquid and evaporates in the presence of heat (heat of vaporization) through heating pipe 16 in the first transverse connecting pipe 24. The working medium then travels from the first open end 20 through heat pipe 14 to the second open end 22, where it condenses again in the presence of heat. The liquid then returns to the first open end or enters the first transverse connecting pipe.

[0112] It should be noted that the working medium essentially does not transfer sensible heat, but rather latent heat. This means that almost no temperature change occurs; instead, evaporation or condensation occurs, thus transferring the heat of evaporation or condensation.

[0113] Surprisingly, the tube structure consisting of transverse connecting pipes and heat pipes according to the invention functions as a two-phase thermosiphon. In the case of a thermosiphon, the circulation of the working medium requires a more or less vertical orientation of the heat pipes, so that heat transfer only occurs from bottom to top; this is known as a gravity heat pipe. The liquid working medium flows downwards due to gravity, currently flowing towards the first transverse connecting pipe (evaporator), where the evaporated medium can rise upwards to the second transverse connecting pipe (condenser). A relatively flat orientation is possible as long as the working medium can still reliably flow downwards. Because gravity is utilized in the case of a thermosiphon, it is also called a gravity heat pipe.

[0114] The above principle is also used in the following implementations of different heating elements.

[0115] Figure 3 The cross-sectional view shows the results according to Figure 1The heating element 10, wherein the cavity formed by the heat pipe 14 and the transverse connecting pipes 24, 26 is filled with the working medium 12, which is gray in color.

[0116] Figure 4 A side view of the heating element 10 is shown, in which the heating medium 18 (such as water) flowing in the heating tube 16 is presented in gray.

[0117] Figure 5 The heating element 10 is shown in part in cross-section, and in part shows a baffle element 42 and a radiating plate 40, which are thermally coupled to a heat pipe 14 or a transverse connecting pipe 24, 26.

[0118] Figure 6 A heat pipe 14 with a planar thermal radiating element 40 is shown in perspective view. The thermal radiating element 40 is thermally coupled to the heat pipe 14 via a connecting plate 44, which serves as a convection element. The thermal radiating elements 40 and 44 are in a plane in the assembled state and are preferably located not only on the front side of the heating element but also on the back side of the heating element.

[0119] Figure 7 A second embodiment of a heating element 46, preferably made of steel, is shown, having a connection system 48 adaptable to different heating element connections. The connection system 48 includes an inlet connection 50 connected via a first bypass pipe 52 to the inlet of a commonly available regulating valve 54 coupled to the end 56 of a connecting pipe extending from a second transverse connecting pipe 26. A second bypass pipe 58 extends from the regulating valve 54 along the direction of the heating tube 16 and is fluidly connected to the heating tube. A heating medium distributor 60 is coaxially arranged inside the heating tube 16, through which the heating medium is guided from the second bypass pipe 58 through the heating tube 16 and returns to the return connection 62. The heating medium distributor 60 extends from a shielding portion 64 arranged in the end-side cross-section of the heating tube 16 to allow the heating element to operate via the connecting pipes 32, 34 of the heating tube 16 or via the inlet and return connections 50, 62.

[0120] Figure 8 A third embodiment of the heating element 66, preferably made of aluminum, is shown. This embodiment is consistent with that according to... Figure 7 The difference in the implementation method is that the first transverse connecting pipe 24 and the heating pipe 16 extend side by side in parallel and are thermally coupled. Preferably, the first transverse connecting pipe 24 and the heating pipe 16 are constructed as extruded profiles 68, preferably extruded aluminum profiles.

[0121] The heating element 66 also includes a universal connection system 70 with an inlet 72, which connects via a first bypass pipe 74 to a commercially available heating element regulating valve 76, which is coupled to the connecting pipe end 78 of a second transverse connecting pipe 26. A second bypass pipe 80 extends from the regulating valve 76 along the direction of the heating tube 16 and is fluidly connected to the heating tube. A heating medium distributor 82 extends coaxially inside the heating tube 16 and is connected to a shield 84 disposed in an end-side opening of the heating tube 16. The heating medium is guided along the heating medium distributor 82 in the longitudinal direction of the heating tube via the second bypass pipe 80 and is guided back to the return connection 86.

[0122] Figure 9 A steel-constructed heating element 46 with a filled working medium is shown, and Figure 10 A heating element 66, made of aluminum and filled with a working medium, is shown, presented in gray.

[0123] Figure 11 and Figure 12 Heating elements 46 and 66, each filled with a heating medium, are shown in gray.

[0124] Figure 13 It shows that according to Figure 8 One embodiment of the heating element 66. This embodiment is related to... Figure 8 The difference in implementation is that the connection system 70 has an inlet 86, which is thermally coupled to the second bypass 80 and the return connection 72 via a first bypass pipe 74. The connection system also functions when the connection 72 is the inlet and the connection 86 is the return. The heating element is only applicable to the "overriding connection" or "below connection," regardless of the flow direction (inlet / return) of the heating medium 18.

[0125] Figure 14a and Figure 14b Different embodiments of a heating element 46, 66 are illustrated, the heating element having planar radiant heating surface elements 88, 92, said surface elements being arranged along heat pipe 14, according to... Figure 7 The bypass pipe 58 and according to Figure 8 and Figure 13 The bypass tube 80 extends. Surface elements 90, 94 are exemplary baffles.

[0126] Figure 15 The perspective view shows the results based on Figure 14a , Figure 14bThe heat pipe 14 has planar heat radiating elements 88 and 92, which are thermally coupled to the heat pipe 14 in the longitudinal direction via a connecting plate 96, which serves as a convection element. The heat radiating elements 88 and 92 and the convection element 96 are in a plane in the assembled state and are preferably joined together not only on the front side of the heating element but also on the back side of the heating element.

[0127] Figure 16 A fourth embodiment of the heating element 98 is shown in cross-sectional view, the heating element having the same characteristics as according to... Figure 1 The heating elements have essentially the same structure, with the same components having the same reference numerals.

[0128] like Figure 1 As shown, the first transverse connecting pipe 24 has a coaxial pipe 100 along its central axis. In the illustrated embodiment, this coaxial pipe houses the electric heating rod 102 in the longitudinal direction. To achieve optimal heat transfer between the heating rod 102 and the pipe 100, a thermally conductive agent 104 is preferably disposed between the heating rod 102 and the pipe 100. The pipe 100 is fluid-tightly connected to the transverse connecting pipe 24 at its end and is surrounded by a working medium 12 flowing around its outer side.

[0129] The heating rod connection is not limited to the side shown in the figure; it can also be made at the opposite tube end with the necessary fluid seal as described above.

[0130] Figure 17 A heating element 98 with a filled working medium 12 is shown, presented in gray.

[0131] Figure 18 A heating element 98 is shown, partially in cross-sectional view, and partially with a baffle in the form of a planar heat-radiating element 106 extending along the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe 14. Planar elements 108, 109, and 110 are exemplary baffles.

[0132] Figure 19 A fifth embodiment of the heating element 112 is shown, which substantially has the same characteristics as according to [the previous embodiment]. Figure 1 The heating element 10 has the same structure, except that the heat pipe 14 is thermally coupled via laterally extending plates 114. In addition, a fan 116 is provided, through which airflow 118 can be guided through openings formed between the plates 114.

[0133] Figure 20 It shows that according to Figure 19 The heating element 112 has a filled working medium 12, which is gray in color.

[0134] Figure 21 It shows that according to Figure 19The heating element 112 has a filled heating medium (such as water 18) and is presented in gray.

[0135] Figure 22 A sixth embodiment of the heating element 120 is shown, which has the same characteristics as according to... Figure 16 The heating element 98 has a substantially the same structure, except that the heat pipe 14 is thermally coupled via laterally extending plates 114. In addition, a fan 116 is provided, through which airflow 118 can be guided through openings formed between the plates 114.

[0136] Figures 23a to 23c Different views of the heating register 122 are shown, which consists of two parallel-connected... Figure 19 It consists of a heating element 112. According to... Figure 23a The heating register 122 includes a first heating element section 124 and a second heating element section 126, wherein heating tubes 16 are connected in parallel. For this purpose, connecting pipes 128 and 130 are connected to the inlet pipe 134 via a connecting element 132. On the output side, output pipes 136 and 138 are connected to the connecting pipe 140 via a pipe connection. The connection system also functions when the connecting part 140 is the inlet and the connecting part 134 is the return.

[0137] The heating register sections 124 and 126 basically have a structure corresponding to the structure of the heating element 112, such as the structure regarding... Figures 19 to 21 As described.

[0138] In addition, a ventilator 142 is provided, the longitudinal axis 144 of which extends substantially perpendicularly to the plane extending from each section, thereby generating airflow through the openings between the plates 114.

[0139] Figure 24 The flow principle of the heating register 122 is illustrated purely schematically with a simplified diagram. Heat pipes 14 of the heating register sections 124 and 126 are fluidly connected to transverse connecting pipes 24 and 26, respectively. A heating pipe 16 extends coaxially with the transverse connecting pipe 24, which, in the illustrated embodiment, guides water as the heating medium. These heating pipes are connected in parallel on the input and output sides to provide hydraulic balance. Alternatively, a hydraulic balancing valve can be additionally provided as shown. It is also possible to connect other sections in parallel, as shown by additional transverse connecting pipes.

[0140] Figures 25a to 25c Embodiments of the heating element 122 according to FIG. 23 are shown in different views, wherein an electric heating rod 102 is provided as the heating medium. The heating register includes a first heating element section 124 and a second heating element section 126.

[0141] Heating register sections 124 and 126 basically have the same Figure 22 The structure corresponding to the structure of the heating element 120 is as follows: Figures 19 to 22 As described.

[0142] The heating rod connection is not limited to the side shown in the figure; it can also be made at the opposite tube end with the necessary fluid seal as described above.

[0143] Figure 26 The flow principle of the heating register 122 is shown purely schematically in a simplified diagram. Heat pipes 14 of the heating register sections 124 and 126 are fluidly connected to transverse connecting pipes 24 and 26, respectively. A pipe 100 extends coaxially with the transverse connecting pipe 24, which, in the illustrated embodiment, houses the electric heating rod 102. It is also possible to connect other sections in parallel, as shown by additional transverse connecting pipes.

[0144] Figure 27 A front view of a seventh embodiment of a heating element 146 is shown, which is in the form of a meandering heat pipe bundle 148 filled with a working medium 150 and fluid-tightly closed at its ends 152, 154. Parallel extending tube sections 156 of the tube bundle 148 form heat pipes, while a first arcuate tube section 158 forms an evaporator 160, and a second arcuate tube section 156 forms a condenser 162.

[0145] The pipe section 158, which functions as an evaporator, is thermally coupled to a heat source 164 (such as a heating element). In this case, the heating element 164 extends within a heat-conducting body 166, which is made of a heat transfer medium (such as aluminum or copper) or a favorable heat-conducting material. The heating element 164 is circulated with a heating medium 18 (such as water) to transfer heat to the pipe section 158.

[0146] A safety valve 38 is preferably arranged at the end 152 of the pipe section, and a filling valve 36 is arranged at the end 154 of the pipe bundle. Structurally, the safety valve 38 and the filling valve 36, or any other advantageous location for the cavity filled with the working medium, are also possible. An advantageous safety enclosure of the valve 38 may be provided if technical guidelines require it.

[0147] Alternatively, end 152 before safety valve 38 and end 154 before filling valve 36 can also be interconnected via pipe sections to create a closed pipe structure. This improves the effective distribution of the working medium within the cavity clamped by the pipe bundle.

[0148] Figure 28 It shows that according to Figure 27In another embodiment of the heating element 168, the heat source is configured as an electric heating rod 170 having a connecting portion 172. The electric heating rod 170 extends in an opening 174 in the heat-conducting body 166. To facilitate better heat transfer, a heat-conducting agent 176 is provided in the transition portion between the electric heating rod 170 and the heat-conducting body 166.

[0149] The heating rod connection is not limited to the side shown in the figure; it can also be made at the opposite tube end with the necessary fluid seal as described above.

[0150] Figures 29a to 29f Shown in different views based on Figure 27 One embodiment of heating element 178 of heating element 146. Figure 29a The front view is shown in sectional view. Figure 29b The image shows a top view of the heating element 178. Figure 29c ) along Figure 29a The sectional view of section AA shows the top view. Figure 29d ) along Figure 29a The sectional view of section CC shows the top view. Figure 29e ) along Figure 29c , Figure 29d The sectional view of section BB shows the side view, and Figure 29f A side view is shown from the right side of the connecting flange.

[0151] Figure 29a The diagram shows a front view of the heating element 178. A curved tube section 158 is thermally coupled within a common heat-conducting body 180. Heating tubes 182, 184, 186, and 188 extend parallel to the curved tube section 158, as shown in the diagram. Figure 29e As shown in the side view of ).

[0152] The heating tubes have connecting sections 190, 192, 194, 196 at one end or connecting sections 198, 200, 202, 204 at the other end, which advantageously lead into common flanges 206, 208. The heating tubes are connected in parallel. The connecting sections and inlet / return sections are independent of the flow direction of the heating medium.

[0153] Figure 30a )to Figure 30e The diagram shows a view of one embodiment of the heating element 210, which substantially corresponds to the embodiment according to... Figure 29a )to Figure 29e The heating element 178 is distinguished by the following: instead of the pipelines 182, 184, 186, 188 through which the heating medium (water) flows, electric heating rods 212, 214, 216, 218 are used as the heat source.

[0154] The heating rod connection is not limited to the side shown in the figure; it can also be made at the opposite tube end with the necessary fluid seal as described above.

[0155] Figure 31a )to Figure 31f The diagram shows a view of one embodiment of the heating element 220, which substantially corresponds to the embodiment according to... Figure 29a )to Figure 29e The heating element 178 has the following distinction: the ends 190, 192, 194, 196; 198, 200, 202, 204 of the heating tubes 182, 184, 186, 188 do not lead to the common flanges 206, 208, but rather the corresponding two ends 190, 192; 194, 196 or 198, 200; 202, 204 lead to separate pipe flanges 222, 224.

[0156] The heating elements are connected in parallel. The connection section and the inlet / outlet section are independent of the flow direction of the heating medium.

[0157] Figure 32a )to Figure 32f The diagram shows a view of one embodiment of the heating element 226, which substantially corresponds to the embodiment according to... Figure 29a )to Figure 29e The heating element 178 has the following difference: the ends 190, 192, 194, 196; 198, 200, 202, 204 of the heating tubes 182, 184, 186, 188 do not end in a common flange 206, 208, but are connected in series by means of connecting parts 228, 230.

[0158] The flange connection 230 is not limited to the side shown in the figure; it can also be located at the opposite pipe end. The connection and the inlet / return section are independent of the flow direction of the heating medium.

Claims

1. A heating element (46, 66) comprising: Multiple parallel-extending heat pipes (14) filled with a working medium (12), each heat pipe having a first open end (20) and a second open end (22), and A heat source (16) is thermally coupled to a first open end (20) and / or a second open end (22) of the heat pipe (14). The heat pipe (14) has a first open end (20) fluidly connected to a first transverse connecting pipe (24), and a second open end (22) fluidly connected to a second transverse connecting pipe (26). The heat pipe (14) and the transverse connecting pipes (24, 26) form a common cavity filled with the working medium (12). The first transverse connecting pipe (24) is thermally coupled to the heat source (16) to absorb heat from the heat source (16). Its features are, The heat source (16) is a heating tube capable of being traversed by a gaseous or liquid heating medium (18), wherein the heating tube (16) is coaxially arranged along a longitudinal axis in the first transverse connecting tube (24) and surrounded by the working medium (12), and the connecting pipes (32, 34) of the heating tube (16) are pressure-sealed and fluid-sealed connected to the first transverse connecting tube (24) at their ends, and the heating element (46; 66) has a connection system (48; 70) having There are inlet connection (50; 72) and return connection (62; 86), wherein the inlet connection (50; 72) is connected to a regulating valve (54; 76) via a first bypass pipe (52; 74), the regulating valve being coupled to a connecting pipe (56; 78) protruding from the second transverse connecting pipe (26) at the end side, and a second bypass pipe (58; 80) extending from the regulating valve (54; 76) is in fluid connection with the heating pipe (16) and coupled to the return connection (62; 86).

2. The heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat pipes (14) are arranged parallel to each other and extend vertically in the operating position.

3. The heating element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The heat pipe (14) is constructed as a gravity heat pipe.

4. The heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The working medium (12) is a commercially available, freely available refrigerant and / or refrigerant mixture from FKW and / or a suitable refrigerant group, having a global warming potential of less than 2500 or less than 750.

5. The heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower first transverse connecting pipe (24) forms an evaporator for the working medium (12).

6. The heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper second transverse connecting pipe (26) forms a condenser for the working medium (12).

7. The heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat pipe (14) has elements (44; 88, 90, 96) that radiate heat along the longitudinal direction.

8. The heating element according to claim 7, characterized in that, The surface elements (40, 42; 92, 94) of each of the heat pipes and / or bypass pipes are in a plane.

9. The heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating tube (16) extends parallel or substantially parallel to the first transverse connecting tube (24) or the second transverse connecting tube (26) and is thermally connected to the first transverse connecting tube or the second transverse connecting tube.

10. The heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that, A heating medium distributor (60; 82) for regulating the flow of the heating medium (18) is arranged in the heating tube (16).

11. The heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat pipe (14) has a surface element, rib or radiator that radiates heat along the longitudinal direction.

12. The heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that, A heating medium distributor (60; 82) for regulating the flow of water is arranged in the heating tube (16).

13. The heating element according to claim 10 or 12, characterized in that, The heating medium distributor (60; 82) originates coaxially from the shielding portion (64; 84) arranged in the end-side opening of the heating tube (16) along the longitudinal direction of the heating tube (16), and the connection mode of the heating element (46; 66) can be pre-adjusted by means of the shielding portion (64; 84).

14. The heating element according to claim 7 or 11, characterized in that, The element for radiative heat coupled to the heat pipe (14) is constructed as a plate (114).

15. The heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two or more heating elements (112) are connected in parallel or in series to form a heating register (122) or a heating element with higher thermal power than a single heating element.

16. The heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating element (112; 122) is coupled to the fan (116, 142), the flow direction of which is perpendicular to the planar extension of the heating element (112, 122).

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