Arc end tooth simulation matching and digital coloring detection method, device and equipment

Abstract

The present application discloses a method, device and equipment for simulation matching and digital coloring detection of arc end teeth. The method includes the following steps: S1. Using a three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine as a detection data acquisition device, using the three-dimensional simulation probe equipped with the three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine to automatically scan and collect the contour of the arc end teeth, obtain the tooth surface contour data points, and then calculate the geometric parameters of the arc end teeth; S2. Using the standard processing parameters of the arc end teeth to perform virtual modeling, virtually color the tooth surface, simulate the manual visual coloring method, and partition the tooth surface meshing quality; S3. Separately collect the tooth surface data of the concave teeth and convex teeth, perform matching simulation calculations under the same meshing reference conditions, and find the best fitting tooth pair. The present application realizes the digital detection of arc end teeth. After the convex teeth and concave teeth are measured, the best meshing tooth pair can be automatically calculated, which greatly shortens the detection time and lays the foundation for the digital assembly of arc end tooth parts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of aircraft engine gear detection, and in particular, to a method, device and equipment for arc end tooth simulation matching and digital coloring detection. Background Art

[0002] Arc-end teeth are primarily used to connect high-speed rotating blade disks, rotors, and impellers in modern small engines. They also connect various rotating components, such as compressors and turbines. Arc-end teeth are the core structure of turbine disks and blade disks in aircraft turboshaft engines. Designed with paired convex and concave teeth, they require extremely high precision. They withstand significant loads and torques in operation, requiring sufficient strength, surface area, and support, as well as high interchangeability. Measuring arc-end tooth parameters is a critical inspection element in aircraft engine development and production, playing a vital role in ensuring product quality. The production and application of arc-end tooth parts in China started relatively late, and related inspection and testing technologies are lacking. Key geometric elements inspected during manufacturing include tooth profile, pitch, runout and contact surface, tooth groove and tooth thickness, tooth addendum height, face runout, and radial runout. Therefore, inspecting the tooth surface quality and related dimensional and positional tolerances is extremely rigorous and crucial.

[0003] Currently, the following problems exist in the detection process:

[0004] 1. Traditional inspection methods and processes are complex. Parts can only be inspected using calibration gauges, which use two-dimensional cross-section inspection. This involves many steps and data processing steps requiring manual intervention, resulting in large errors and low efficiency.

[0005] 2. The existing arc end gear inspection method is still stuck in the standard transfer and coloring inspection method of standard gauge - proofreading gauge - working gauge - parts. The coloring area is judged by visual inspection without quantitative measurement value. In addition, the colorant, coloring brush, and coloring process have a great influence on the judgment of coloring quality during inspection.

[0006] 3. The tooth top height inspection is carried out using a depth micrometer, which is subject to human error and cannot detect the conditional tooth top height parameters (the conditional tooth height is the distance from the plane to the tooth top when the tooth thickness and tooth groove width are equal), and cannot be digitized.

[0007] 4. Radial and axial runout inspections are performed using general measuring tools such as indexing turntables and micrometers. Due to human error, the optimal matching meshing position can only be determined through trial and error.

[0008] 5. Traditional measurement methods have great limitations and cannot perform end tooth parameter detection or data reverse modeling on arc end tooth parts and gauges with larger shapes and specifications. Summary of the Invention

[0009] On the one hand, the embodiments of the present application provide a method for arc end tooth simulation matching and digital coloring detection to solve the technical problems of existing arc end tooth detection, such as complex process, low efficiency, large errors, large limitations, and frequent manual intervention.

[0010] The technical solutions adopted in the embodiments of this application are as follows:

[0011] A method for arc end tooth simulation matching and digital coloring detection includes the following steps:

[0012] S1. Use a high-precision three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine with an accuracy of ≤0.6μm as the test data acquisition equipment, use the three-dimensional analog probe equipped with the three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine to automatically scan and collect the arc end tooth profile, obtain the tooth surface profile data points, and then calculate the geometric parameters of the arc end tooth;

[0013] S2. Use the standard processing parameters of the arc end teeth to perform virtual modeling, virtually color the tooth surface, simulate the manual visual coloring method, and divide the tooth surface meshing quality into zones;

[0014] S3. Collect the tooth surface data of the concave teeth and convex teeth respectively, perform matching simulation calculations under the same meshing reference conditions, and find the best fitting tooth pair.

[0015] Furthermore, the step 1 specifically includes the steps of:

[0016] S11. First, the arc end tooth coordinate system is established according to the Cartesian coordinate system principle. To establish: establish with end plane vector Direction is toward the end plane; the axis is established by the midpoint between the inner circle and the tooth surface of any concave or convex tooth The direction is radial; O0 is determined by the center of the inner circle and the end face height;

[0017] S12. Determine the theoretical parameters of the arc end teeth, including concave teeth, convex teeth, number of layers, theoretical inner diameter and outer diameter, tooth profile angle, maximum top straight chamfer, top chamfer angle, maximum root fillet radius, tooth addendum, minimum tooth depth, distance between the arc end tooth center and the tool center, and tool radius at the pitch plane. Generate the tooth surface network working coordinate points and tooth addendum measurement coordinate points through software calculation;

[0018] S13, scanning parameter configuration, including tooth surface scanning parameters, tooth top height detection position, number of specified scanning lines, chamfer radius, scanning range, scanning speed, scanning acceleration, point density, and scanning bias force parameters;

[0019] S14, use ultra-high precision three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine to perform high-speed scanning on the arc end teeth;

[0020] S15. Calculate the geometric parameters of the arc-end teeth and calculate the distance from the plane to the tooth top when the tooth thickness and tooth groove are equal to obtain the tooth top height value. Calculate the tooth top height value of each tooth in turn to form the tooth top height evaluation data of the arc-end teeth:

[0021]

[0022] Where: E is the tooth top height value, A is the thickness value of a single tooth, B is the width value of the tooth groove, and Lim() is the minimum condition.

[0023] Furthermore, the step S14 specifically includes the steps of:

[0024] S141. The first scanning measurement is to obtain tooth surface data. A grid scan is performed on the two working surfaces of each concave or convex tooth. The scanning point density is not less than 20 points / mm and the scanning speed is not less than 5 mm / s.

[0025] S142. The second scan is a radial scan along the circumference of the arc end tooth. The scanning circle diameter is fixed, and the original data of the tooth top height is obtained by scanning along the end face. The scanning point density is not less than 20 points / mm, and the scanning speed is not less than 5mm / second.

[0026] Furthermore, the step S15 specifically includes the following steps:

[0027] S151. Using the point data obtained from the second scan, a three-dimensional compensation technique is performed to compensate for the ball head radius along the three-dimensional vector direction, thereby obtaining the arc end tooth surface data. The compensation principle is based on a mathematical algorithm. Assuming the normal vector n of the measuring point p, the coordinate q of the actual measuring point is calculated by increasing or decreasing the length of the probe radius using the following formula:

[0028]

[0029] Where r is the probe radius and n is the normal vector of the measuring point;

[0030] S152. Convert the three-dimensional arc into a two-dimensional contour by using an arc expansion algorithm to eliminate the influence of the polar radius: First, perform coordinate transformation to convert the direct coordinate points into polar coordinate points according to the following equations, with the horizontal axis being the polar angle and the vertical axis being the polar radius. After scaling the horizontal axis, a two-dimensional expansion diagram of the arc end tooth profile is obtained.

[0031]

[0032] Where x is the X coordinate value of the Cartesian coordinate system, and y is the Y coordinate value of the Cartesian coordinate system. ρ is the polar radius, θ is the polar angle;

[0033] Then use the following formula to change the ratio of the horizontal axis polar angle value:

[0034]

[0035] Where x' is the expanded length and D is the scanning circle diameter.

[0036] Furthermore, the step S2 specifically includes the steps of:

[0037] S21. Using the data from the first scan, perform three-dimensional probe radius compensation to obtain tooth surface point data. The compensation principle is to calculate the normal vector of the probe center point coordinates along the measurement direction based on a mathematical method. Based on the obtained normal vector, the coordinates of the actual contact point are obtained by increasing or decreasing the length of the probe radius.

[0038] S22. Calculate the deviation of each measured point based on the convex and concave tooth matching algorithm, calculate the deviation of each measured point, and obtain the error of the entire tooth surface;

[0039] S23, performing deviation conversion to convert the three-dimensional deviation into a two-dimensional deviation to obtain a two-dimensional point deviation matrix;

[0040] S24. Display the deviation in the form of a two-dimensional drawing to quickly determine the coloring situation.

[0041] Furthermore, the step S24 specifically includes the following steps:

[0042] S241. First, set the tolerance variable. According to the partition setting, set green as the good tooth surface meshing area, yellow as the tooth surface meshing warning area, and red as the tooth surface meshing tolerance area;

[0043] S242. Then, the percentages of different colorings are calculated based on the number of points, and the percentages are displayed as a coloring diagram. The left tooth surface and the right tooth surface of the arc end tooth are graphically drawn respectively, and finally an analysis report of the digital coloring detection is obtained.

[0044] Furthermore, the step S3 specifically includes the following steps:

[0045] S31. Find the maximum and minimum deviation ΔP between the sum of the fixed heights of the concave and convex teeth after each meshing, and analyze the meshing tooth pairs with the best and worst parallelism. That is, when the ΔP value is the smallest, the parallelism is the best, and when the ΔX value is the largest, the parallelism is the worst.

[0046] S32. Taking the same concave tooth as a reference, combine all concave and convex teeth according to all matching relationships and perform optimal fitting to obtain the center distance deviation ΔS for all meshing states, and then obtain the maximum center distance deviation ΔSmax and the minimum center distance deviation ΔSmin, and obtain the maximum and minimum coaxiality deviations.

[0047] S33. Based on actual production practice, the optimal matching state after a pair of concave teeth and convex teeth are engaged is when the coaxiality and parallelism are minimized. Combining the calculation results of step S31 and step S32, we have:

[0048] Optimal meshing state:

[0049] Worst meshing state:

[0050] The simulation matching results will calculate the meshing accuracy of the best fitting state, as well as the tooth numbers of the concave and convex teeth after the best matching. At the same time, the meshing accuracy of the worst fitting state, as well as the tooth numbers of the concave and convex teeth after the worst matching, will be calculated.

[0051] On the other hand, the present application also provides an arc end tooth simulation matching and digital coloring detection device, comprising:

[0052] The digital detection module for arc-end tooth geometric parameters is used to automatically scan and collect the arc-end tooth profile using a high-precision three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine with an accuracy of ≤0.6μm as the detection data acquisition device. The three-dimensional analog probe equipped with the three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine is used to obtain tooth surface profile data points, and then calculate the geometric parameters of the arc-end tooth, such as tooth profile, pitch, runout, and contact surface, tooth height parameters with equal tooth groove and tooth thickness;

[0053] The arc end tooth surface virtual coloring module is used to perform virtual modeling using the standard processing parameters of the arc end teeth, virtually color the tooth surface, simulate the manual visual coloring method, and partition the tooth surface meshing quality;

[0054] The arc end concave and convex tooth simulation matching module is used to collect the tooth surface data of concave teeth and convex teeth respectively, perform matching simulation calculations under the same meshing reference conditions, and find the best fitting tooth pair.

[0055] On the other hand, the present application also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and runnable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the steps of the arc end tooth simulation matching and digital coloring detection method are implemented.

[0056] On the other hand, the present application also provides a storage medium, which includes a stored program, and when the program is running, controls the device where the storage medium is located to execute the steps of the arc end tooth simulation matching and digital coloring detection method.

[0057] Compared with the existing technology, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0058] The present application provides a method, device and equipment for simulation matching and digital coloring detection of arc end teeth, and the method includes the following steps: S1, using a high-precision three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine with an accuracy of ≤0.6μm as a detection data acquisition device, using a three-dimensional simulation probe equipped with the three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine to automatically scan and collect the contour of the arc end teeth, obtain the tooth surface contour data points, and then calculate the geometric parameters of the arc end teeth; S2, using the standard processing parameters of the arc end teeth to perform virtual modeling, virtually color the tooth surface, simulate the manual visual coloring method, and partition the tooth surface meshing quality; S3, respectively collect the tooth surface data of concave teeth and convex teeth, perform matching simulation calculations under the same meshing reference conditions, and find the best fitting tooth pair. This application adopts an ultra-high-precision three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine as the digital detection and acquisition equipment for arc end teeth, replacing the arc end tooth measurement method that has long relied on gauge transmission with automated and digital measurement based on the coordinate detection principle, realizing the digital detection of arc end teeth. Through simple interface parameter input and manual establishment of the coordinate system, the arc end tooth parameters such as digital coloring and optimal simulation matching of the arc end teeth can be automatically output after a one-time scanning measurement is completed. After the uncertainty analysis of the measurement system, the conditional tooth top height uncertainty is U = 1.4μm, k = 2, which is less than 1 / 3 of the tooth pitch tolerance of 5μm; the digital coloring uncertainty U REL =2.7%, k=2, which is less than the coloring tolerance of 10%, verifying that the measurement method is acceptable. The present application realizes a digital method of coloring the tooth surface to replace manual visual recognition, solving the problems of long detection time, no quantitative measured values, and the colorant, coloring brush, and coloring process having a great influence on the judgment of coloring quality during detection, and the existence of human errors, and provides an important theoretical basis for batch detection and processing parameters of arc end teeth. The present application realizes the digital detection of the optimal pairing of concave teeth and convex teeth during assembly, replacing the original detection method that relies on manual "trial and error" pairing of teeth one by one. After the measurement of convex teeth and concave teeth is completed, the optimal meshing tooth pair can be automatically calculated, which greatly shortens the detection time, lays the foundation for the digital assembly of arc end tooth parts, and has high market application value.

[0059] In addition to the above-described purposes, features and advantages, the present application has other purposes, features and advantages. The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of this application, are intended to provide a further understanding of this application. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of this application are intended to explain this application and do not constitute an improper limitation on this application. In the accompanying drawings:

[0061] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the arc end tooth simulation matching and digital coloring detection method of the preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0062] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the theoretical scanning points of the arc end tooth top height in the preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0063] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of theoretical points of tooth surface scanning in a preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0064] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the conditional tooth addendum calculation principle of the preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0065] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the tooth surface scanning points of the preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0066] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the tooth top height scanning of the preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0067] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the single-point probe radius compensation of the preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0068] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of polar coordinate-coordinate transformation of a preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0069] Figure 9 This is the arc end tooth profile diagram after the direct coordinate points are converted into polar coordinate points in the preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0070] Figure 10 It is a preferred embodiment of the present application in which the arc end tooth profile diagram converted into polar coordinate points is two-dimensionally converted according to proportional scaling.

[0071] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of three-dimensional compensation of tooth surface points in a preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0072] Figure 12 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional deviation conversion of arc end teeth in the preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0073] Figure 13 It is a schematic diagram of the tolerance variables of the colored surface of the preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0074] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the meaning of the colors of the colored diagram of the preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0075] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of a digital coloring detection graphic report of a preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0076] Figure 16 It is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the meshing of concave and convex teeth and the pitch plane in the preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0077] Figure 17It is a schematic diagram of typical concave tooth and convex tooth top height data of the preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0078] Figure 18 It is a schematic diagram of the coaxiality calculation process of the preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0079] Figure 19 It is a schematic diagram of the simulation matching result analysis report of the preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0080] Figure 20 It is a module schematic diagram of the arc end tooth simulation matching and digital coloring detection device of the preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0081] Figure 21 It is a diagram of the internal structure of a computer device according to a preferred embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0082] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments in this application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0083] Reference Figure 1 The preferred embodiment of the present application provides a method for arc end tooth simulation matching and digital coloring detection, comprising the steps of:

[0084] S1. Use a high-precision three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine with an accuracy of ≤0.6μm as the test data acquisition equipment, and use the three-dimensional analog probe equipped with the three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine to automatically scan and collect the arc end tooth profile, obtain the tooth surface profile data points, and then calculate the geometric parameters of the arc end teeth, including tooth profile, pitch, runout, and contact surface, tooth height parameters with equal tooth groove and tooth thickness;

[0085] S2. Use the standard processing parameters of the arc end teeth to perform virtual modeling, virtually color the tooth surface, simulate the manual visual coloring method, and divide the tooth surface meshing quality into zones;

[0086] S3. Collect the tooth surface data of the concave teeth and convex teeth respectively, perform matching simulation calculations under the same meshing reference conditions, and find the best fitting tooth pair.

[0087] This embodiment provides a method, device, and apparatus for arc-end tooth simulation matching and digital coloring detection. The method comprises the following steps: S1. Using a high-precision three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine with an accuracy of ≤0.6 μm as a detection data acquisition device, the three-dimensional simulation probe mounted on the three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine is used to automatically scan and collect the arc-end tooth profile, obtain tooth surface profile data points, and then calculate the geometric parameters of the arc-end tooth; S2. Using standard processing parameters for arc-end teeth to perform virtual modeling, virtually color the tooth surface, simulate the manual visual coloring method, and partition the tooth surface meshing quality; S3. Separately collect tooth surface data for concave and convex teeth, perform matching simulation calculations under the same meshing reference conditions, and find the best fitting tooth pair. For arc-end teeth with unknown parameters, the basic modeling parameters of the arc-end teeth, such as the distance between the tooth profile center and the tool center, the pitch plane tool radius (radius of curvature), the tooth profile angle, and the top tooth chamfer, can be inversely calculated when only the number of teeth and the inner and outer diameters are known.

[0088] Compared with the prior art, the detection method of this embodiment has the following beneficial effects:

[0089] 1. This embodiment uses an ultra-high-precision three-coordinate measuring machine as a digital detection and acquisition device for arc end teeth, replacing the arc end tooth measurement method that has long relied on gauge transmission with automated and digital measurement based on the coordinate detection principle, realizing digital detection of arc end teeth. Through simple interface parameter input and manual establishment of the coordinate system, the arc end tooth parameters such as digital coloring and optimal simulation matching of the arc end teeth can be automatically output after a one-time scanning measurement is completed. After uncertainty analysis of the measurement system, the conditional tooth addendum uncertainty is U = 1.4 μm, k = 2, which is less than 1 / 3 of the pitch tolerance of 5 μm; the digital coloring uncertainty U REL =2.7%, k=2, which is less than the coloring tolerance of 10%, verifying that the measurement method is acceptable.

[0090] 2. This embodiment realizes the use of digital tooth surface coloring to replace manual visual recognition, solving the problems of the original method, such as long detection time, no quantitative measured values, and the fact that the colorant, coloring brush, and coloring process have a great influence on the judgment of coloring quality during detection, and the existence of human errors. It provides an important theoretical basis for batch detection and processing parameters of arc end teeth.

[0091] 3. This embodiment realizes the digital detection of the optimal pairing of concave and convex teeth during assembly, replacing the original detection method that relies on manual "trial and error" pairing of each tooth. After the measurement of the convex and concave teeth is completed, the optimal meshing tooth pair can be automatically calculated, which greatly shortens the detection time, lays the foundation for the digital assembly of arc end tooth parts, and has high market application value.

[0092] 4. The technical solution of this embodiment has universal applicability and is suitable for the detection of arc end tooth gauges and arc end tooth parts, and is suitable for the detection, digital coloring and simulation matching of concave teeth and convex teeth of arc end teeth of different sizes.

[0093] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, step 1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0094] S11. First, the arc end tooth coordinate system is established according to the Cartesian coordinate system principle. To establish: establish with end plane vector Direction is toward the end plane; the axis is established by the midpoint between the inner circle and the tooth surface of any concave or convex tooth The direction is radial; O0 is determined by the center of the inner circle and the end face height. In the process of establishing the arc end tooth coordinate system, the end tooth plane, circle and the midpoint of the first tooth must be measured strictly according to the Cartesian coordinate system method to avoid probe interference caused by deviation in coordinate system establishment;

[0095] S12. Determine the theoretical parameters of the arc end teeth, including concave teeth, convex teeth, number of layers (selected according to the actual number of single-layer end teeth and multi-layer end teeth), theoretical inner circle diameter and outer circle diameter, tooth shape angle, maximum top straight chamfer, top chamfer angle, maximum root fillet radius, tooth top height, minimum tooth depth, distance between the arc end tooth center and the tool center, and tool radius (curvature radius) at the pitch plane, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the tooth surface network working coordinate points and tooth top height measurement coordinate points are generated by software calculation;

[0096] S13, scanning parameter configuration, including tooth surface scanning parameters, tooth top height detection position, number of specified scanning lines, chamfer radius, scanning range, scanning speed, scanning acceleration, point density, and scanning bias force parameters;

[0097] S14. Use an ultra-high precision three-coordinate measuring machine to perform high-speed scanning on the arc end teeth. The three-coordinate measuring machine has high accuracy requirements, and the accuracy needs to be controlled below 0.6μm. The sphericity and diameter of the probe are also high, and both need to be controlled below 0.08μm. When digitally measuring the arc end teeth, all surfaces of the arc end teeth need to be thoroughly cleaned and kept at a constant temperature of 20 degrees ± 0.5 degrees for more than 4 hours before measurement can be performed; the result of the probe calibration is sphericity ≤ 0.2μm; when scanning the tooth surface, it is necessary to reasonably set parameters such as the scanning bias force, approach retraction distance, and point density according to the size and position of the tooth surface and the different diameters of the probe to ensure measurement efficiency and accuracy.

[0098] S15. Calculate the geometric parameters of the arc-end teeth and calculate the distance from the plane to the tooth top when the tooth thickness and tooth groove are equal to obtain the tooth top height value. Calculate the tooth top height value of each tooth in turn to form the tooth top height evaluation data of the arc-end teeth:

[0099]

[0100] Where: E is the tooth top height value, A is the thickness value of a single tooth, B is the width value of the tooth groove, and Lim() is the minimum condition.

[0101] Specifically, the step S14 includes the following steps:

[0102] S141. The first scanning measurement is to obtain tooth surface data. A grid scan is performed on the two working surfaces of each concave or convex tooth. The scanning point density is not less than 20 points / mm and the scanning speed is not less than 5mm / s. Figure 5 ;

[0103] S142. The second scan is to perform radial scanning along the circumference of the arc end tooth. The scanning circle diameter is fixed. The original data of the tooth top height is obtained by scanning along the end face. The scanning point density is not less than 20 points / mm and the scanning speed is not less than 5mm / s. The schematic diagram of the tooth top height scanning is shown in Figure 6 .

[0104] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, step S15 specifically includes the following steps:

[0105] S151. Using the point data obtained from the second scan, perform three-dimensional compensation technology and perform ball head radius compensation along the three-dimensional vector direction to obtain arc end tooth surface data, such as Figure 7 As shown, the compensation principle is based on a mathematical algorithm. Assume that the normal vector n of the measuring point p is equal to the normal vector n. By increasing or decreasing the length of the probe radius, the coordinate q of the actual measuring point is calculated using the following formula:

[0106]

[0107] Where r is the probe radius and n is the normal vector of the measuring point;

[0108] S152. Convert the three-dimensional arc into a two-dimensional contour by using the arc expansion algorithm to eliminate the influence of the polar radius: First, perform coordinate transformation to convert the direct coordinate point into a polar coordinate point according to the following equations, such as Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the horizontal axis is the polar angle and the vertical axis is the polar diameter. After scaling the horizontal axis, we get Figure 10 The 2D unfolded diagram of the arc end tooth profile is shown.

[0109]

[0110] Where x is the X coordinate value of the Cartesian coordinate system, and y is the Y coordinate value of the Cartesian coordinate system. ρ is the polar radius, θ is the polar angle;

[0111] Then use the following formula to change the ratio of the horizontal axis polar angle value:

[0112]

[0113] Where x' is the expanded length and D is the scanning circle diameter.

[0114] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, step S2 specifically includes:

[0115] S21. Use the data from the first scan to perform three-dimensional radius compensation on the probe to obtain the tooth surface point data. The compensation principle is to obtain the normal vector of the probe center point coordinates along the measurement direction based on mathematical methods. On the basis of the normal vector, the coordinates of the actual contact point are obtained by increasing or decreasing the length of the probe radius. Since the density of the scanned data points on the arc end tooth surface is very high, the point cloud data is obtained by solving the normal vector measurement of this small area based on the four non-coplanar points on the measured surface. The data is regarded as an array with i rows and j columns according to the measurement direction. If a certain point PT is to be measured, ij To compensate, you can take PT i，j-1 PT i，j PT i，j+1 PT i-1，j ,like Figure 11 As shown, the normal vector is:

[0116]

[0117] By normalizing the above values, the unit normal vector of the measured point can be obtained. After compensation, the actual contact point PT is obtained. i，j Coordinates:

[0118] x p x0 m x

[0119] y p =y0mrXn y ;

[0120] z p z0mr z

[0121] S22. Calculate the deviation of each measured point based on the convex-concave tooth matching algorithm. Calculate the deviation of each measured point to obtain the error of the entire tooth surface. Assume that the theoretical point is a, with coordinates x1, y1, z1, and vectors i, j, k. The theoretical value of the point comes from the theoretical tooth surface data calculated based on the end tooth geometric parameters. Assume that the measured point is q, where q is the actual contact point position calculated in step S21, with coordinates x2, y2, z2. Then:

[0122] Vector 0A=x1i+y1j+z1k

[0123] Deviation of point q

[0124] By calculating the projection length |q| of the vector direction of each point in turn, the deviation of each point on the tooth surface can be calculated.

[0125] S23, perform deviation conversion, convert the three-dimensional deviation into a two-dimensional deviation, and obtain a two-dimensional point deviation matrix, such as Figure 12 As shown, the plane matrix of the point projection is obtained, the coordinates of the point on the matrix are the coordinates of the projected point, and the deviation of each point is placed in the element coordinate Z column;

[0126] S24. Display the deviation in the form of a two-dimensional drawing to quickly determine the coloring situation.

[0127] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, step S24 specifically includes:

[0128] S241, first set the tolerance variable, such as Figure 13 As shown, according to the zoning settings, green is set as the tooth surface good meshing area, yellow is the tooth surface meshing warning area, and red is the tooth surface meshing tolerance area;

[0129] S242, then calculate the percentage of different colorings based on the number of points, and display the percentages in a coloring diagram, such as Figure 14 As shown in the figure, the left and right tooth surfaces of the arc end tooth are graphically drawn respectively, and finally the analysis report of the digital coloring detection is obtained, as shown in the figure. Figure 15 shown.

[0130] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, step S3 specifically includes the following steps:

[0131] S31. Find the maximum and minimum deviation ΔP between the sum of the fixed heights of the concave and convex teeth after each meshing, and analyze the meshing tooth pairs with the best and worst parallelism. That is, when the ΔP value is the smallest, the parallelism is the best, and when the ΔX value is the largest, the parallelism is the worst.

[0132] Theoretically, the meshing of convex gears and concave gears only requires three pairs of teeth to engage and position. The actual meshing process of parts is over-positioning. Theoretically, when the parallelism is 0, the sum of the addendum of the concave tooth height and the addendum of the convex tooth height of each pair of teeth should be equal, such as Figure 16 As shown in the figure, when the tooth top height of the concave teeth and the tooth top height of the convex teeth of each pair of teeth are inconsistent, the parallelism deviation of the convex teeth (based on the concave teeth) can be caused, such as Figure 17As shown in the figure, when the concave tooth No. 5 and the convex tooth No. 1 are meshed, the worst parallelism condition will be caused after meshing. When the concave tooth No. 5 and the convex tooth No. 7 are meshed, the best parallelism condition will be caused after meshing. Because the actual concave and convex meshing is over-positioning meshing, it is only necessary to find the deviation ΔP1, ΔP2, ΔP3... of the maximum and minimum values ​​of the sum of the fixed heights of the concave tooth and the convex tooth after each meshing (the number of meshing is equal to the number of teeth) to analyze the meshing tooth pairs with the best parallelism and the worst parallelism, that is, when the ΔP value is the smallest, the parallelism is the best, and when ΔX is the largest, the parallelism is the worst.

[0133] S32. Taking the same concave tooth as a reference, combine all concave and convex teeth according to all matching relationships and perform optimal fitting to obtain the center distance deviation ΔS for all meshing states, and then obtain the maximum center distance deviation ΔSmax and the minimum center distance deviation ΔSmin, and obtain the maximum and minimum coaxiality deviations.

[0134] Theoretically, when concave and convex teeth mesh, the midpoints of the pitch planes of each tooth pair will completely coincide. However, due to manufacturing precision, these midpoints will inevitably not coincide. While theoretically, only three pairs of teeth are needed to achieve meshing and positioning between convex and concave gears, the actual meshing process of these parts is considered over-positioning. When these midpoints do not coincide, coaxial deviation can occur.

[0135] like Figure 17 As shown, taking the concave teeth as the reference, the best fit is performed on the combination of concave tooth No. 1 and convex tooth No. 1, concave tooth No. 2 and convex tooth No. 2, etc., and the center distance deviation ΔS1 is calculated. The best fit is performed on the combination of concave tooth No. 1 and convex tooth No. 2, concave tooth 2 and convex tooth No. 3, etc., and the center distance deviation ΔS2 is calculated. Similarly, the ΔS of all meshing states (the number of meshing times is equal to the number of teeth) is obtained, see Figure 18 , that is, the maximum ΔSmax and the minimum ΔSmin are obtained, which are the cases where the coaxiality deviation is maximum and minimum.

[0136] S33. Based on actual production practice, the optimal matching state after a pair of concave teeth and convex teeth are engaged is the state when the coaxiality and parallelism are minimum. Combining the calculation results of step S31 and step S32, we have:

[0137] Optimal meshing state:

[0138] Worst meshing state:

[0139] like Figure 19 As shown, the simulation matching results will calculate the meshing accuracy MAX_ALL of the best fitting state, as well as the tooth number of the concave tooth pairing and the tooth number of the convex tooth pairing after the best matching. At the same time, the meshing accuracy of the worst fitting state, as well as the tooth number of the concave tooth pairing and the tooth number of the convex tooth pairing after the worst matching, will be calculated.

[0140] like Figure 20 As shown, another preferred embodiment of the present application provides an arc end tooth simulation matching and digital coloring detection device, comprising:

[0141] The digital detection module for arc-end tooth geometric parameters is used to automatically scan and collect the arc-end tooth profile using a high-precision three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine with an accuracy of ≤0.6μm as the detection data acquisition device. The three-dimensional analog probe equipped with the three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine is used to obtain tooth surface profile data points, and then calculate the geometric parameters of the arc-end tooth, such as tooth profile, pitch, runout, and contact surface, tooth height parameters with equal tooth groove and tooth thickness;

[0142] The arc end tooth surface virtual coloring module is used to perform virtual modeling using the standard processing parameters of the arc end teeth, virtually color the tooth surface, simulate the manual visual coloring method, and partition the tooth surface meshing quality;

[0143] The arc end concave and convex tooth simulation matching module is used to collect the tooth surface data of concave teeth and convex teeth respectively, perform matching simulation calculations under the same meshing reference conditions, and find the best fitting tooth pair.

[0144] Each module in the aforementioned arc-end tooth simulation matching and digital coloring detection device can be implemented in whole or in part through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. Each module can be embedded in or independent of a processor in a computer device in the form of hardware, or can be stored in a computer device's memory in the form of software, allowing the processor to call and execute virtual operations of each module.

[0145] A preferred embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and runnable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the arc end tooth simulation matching and digital coloring detection method in the above embodiment is implemented.

[0146] like Figure 21 As shown, a preferred embodiment of the present application also provides a computer device, which can be a terminal or a server, and the computer device includes a processor, a memory and a network interface connected via a system bus. The processor of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and a computer program. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and the computer program in the non-volatile storage medium. The network interface of the computer device is used to communicate with other external computer devices via a network connection. When the computer program is executed by the processor, the above-mentioned arc end tooth simulation matching and digital coloring detection method are realized.

[0147] A preferred embodiment of the present application further provides a storage medium, which includes a stored program, and when the program is running, controls the device where the storage medium is located to execute the arc end tooth simulation matching and digital coloring detection method in the above embodiment.

[0148] A preferred embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product or computer program, which includes computer program code, which is stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The processor of the computer device reads the computer program code from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executes the computer program code, so that the computer device implements the operations performed in the arc end tooth simulation matching and digital coloring detection method of the above-mentioned embodiment.

[0149] It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowcharts of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and that, although a logical order is shown in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in an order different from that shown here.

[0150] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for arc end tooth simulation matching and digital coloring detection, characterized in that: Including steps: S1. Use a high-precision three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine with an accuracy of ≤0.6μm as the test data acquisition equipment, use the three-dimensional analog probe equipped with the three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine to automatically scan and collect the arc end tooth profile, obtain the tooth surface profile data points, and then calculate the geometric parameters of the arc end tooth; S2. Use the standard processing parameters of the arc end teeth to perform virtual modeling, virtually color the tooth surface, simulate the manual visual coloring method, and divide the tooth surface meshing quality into zones; S3. Collect tooth surface data of concave teeth and convex teeth respectively, perform matching simulation calculation under the same meshing reference conditions, and find the best fitting tooth pair; The step S3 specifically further includes the following steps: S31. Find the maximum and minimum deviations ΔP between the sum of the fixed heights of the concave and convex teeth after each meshing, and analyze the meshing tooth pairs with the best and worst parallelism. That is, when the ΔP value is the smallest, the parallelism is the best, and when the ΔP value is the largest, the parallelism is the worst. S32. Taking the same concave tooth as a reference, combine all concave and convex teeth according to all matching relationships and perform optimal fitting to obtain the center distance deviation ΔS for all meshing states, and then obtain the maximum center distance deviation ΔSmax and the minimum center distance deviation ΔSmin, and obtain the maximum and minimum coaxiality deviations. S33. Based on actual production practice, the optimal matching state after a pair of concave teeth and convex teeth are engaged is when the coaxiality and parallelism are minimized. Combining the calculation results of step S31 and step S32, we have: Optimal meshing state: Worst meshing state: The simulation matching results will calculate the meshing accuracy of the best fitting state, as well as the tooth numbers of the concave and convex teeth after the best matching. At the same time, the meshing accuracy of the worst fitting state, as well as the tooth numbers of the concave and convex teeth after the worst matching, will be calculated.

2. The arc end tooth simulation matching and digital coloring detection method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S1 specifically includes the following steps: S11. First, the arc end tooth coordinate system is established according to the Cartesian coordinate system principle. To establish: establish with end plane vector Direction is toward the end plane; the axis is established by the midpoint between the inner circle and the tooth surface of any concave or convex tooth The direction is radial; O0 is determined by the center of the inner circle and the end face height; S12. Determine the theoretical parameters of the arc end teeth, including concave teeth, convex teeth, number of layers, theoretical inner diameter and outer diameter, tooth profile angle, maximum top straight chamfer, top chamfer angle, maximum root fillet radius, tooth addendum, minimum tooth depth, distance between the arc end tooth center and the tool center, and tool radius at the pitch plane. Generate the tooth surface network working coordinate points and tooth addendum measurement coordinate points through software calculation; S13, scanning parameter configuration, including tooth surface scanning parameters, tooth top height detection position, number of specified scanning lines, chamfer radius, scanning range, scanning speed, scanning acceleration, point density, and scanning bias force parameters; S14, use ultra-high precision three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine to perform high-speed scanning on the arc end teeth; S15. Calculate the geometric parameters of the arc-end teeth and calculate the distance from the plane to the tooth top when the tooth thickness and tooth groove are equal to obtain the tooth top height value. Calculate the tooth top height value of each tooth in turn to form the tooth top height evaluation data of the arc-end teeth: Where: E is the tooth top height value, A is the thickness value of a single tooth, B is the width value of the tooth groove, and Lim() is the minimum condition.

3. The arc end tooth simulation matching and digital coloring detection method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The step S14 specifically includes the following steps: S141. The first scanning measurement is to obtain tooth surface data. A grid scan is performed on the two working surfaces of each concave or convex tooth. The scanning point density is not less than 20 points / mm and the scanning speed is not less than 5 mm / s. S142. The second scan is a radial scan along the circumference of the arc end tooth. The scanning circle diameter is fixed, and the original data of the tooth top height is obtained by scanning along the end face. The scanning point density is not less than 20 points / mm, and the scanning speed is not less than 5mm / second.

4. The arc end tooth simulation matching and digital coloring detection method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The step S15 specifically includes the following steps: S151. Using the point data obtained from the second scan, a three-dimensional compensation technique is performed to compensate for the ball head radius along the three-dimensional vector direction, thereby obtaining the arc end tooth surface data. The compensation principle is based on a mathematical algorithm. Assuming the normal vector n of the measuring point p, the coordinate q of the actual measuring point is calculated by increasing or decreasing the length of the probe radius using the following formula: Where r is the probe radius and n is the normal vector of the measuring point; S152. Convert the three-dimensional arc into a two-dimensional contour by using an arc expansion algorithm to eliminate the influence of the polar radius: First, perform coordinate transformation to convert the rectangular coordinate points into polar coordinate points according to the following equations, with the horizontal axis being the polar angle and the vertical axis being the polar radius. After scaling the horizontal axis, a two-dimensional expansion diagram of the arc end tooth profile is obtained. Where x is the X coordinate value of the Cartesian coordinate system, and y is the Y coordinate value of the Cartesian coordinate system. ρ is the polar radius, θ is the polar angle; Then use the following formula to change the ratio of the horizontal axis polar angle value: Where x' is the expanded length and D is the scanning circle diameter.

5. The arc end tooth simulation matching and digital coloring detection method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The step S2 specifically includes the following steps: S21. Using the data from the first scan, perform three-dimensional probe radius compensation to obtain tooth surface point data. The compensation principle is to calculate the normal vector of the probe center point coordinates along the measurement direction based on a mathematical method. Based on the obtained normal vector, the coordinates of the actual contact point are obtained by increasing or decreasing the length of the probe radius. S22. Calculate the deviation of each measured point based on the convex and concave tooth matching algorithm, calculate the deviation of each measured point, and obtain the error of the entire tooth surface; S23, performing deviation conversion to convert the three-dimensional deviation into a two-dimensional deviation to obtain a two-dimensional point deviation matrix; S24. Display the deviation in the form of a two-dimensional drawing to quickly determine the coloring situation.

6. The arc end tooth simulation matching and digital coloring detection method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The step S24 specifically includes the following steps: S241. First, set the tolerance variable. According to the partition setting, set green as the good tooth surface meshing area, yellow as the tooth surface meshing warning area, and red as the tooth surface meshing tolerance area; S242. Then, the percentages of different colorings are calculated based on the number of points, and the percentages are displayed as a coloring diagram. The left tooth surface and the right tooth surface of the arc end tooth are graphically drawn respectively, and finally an analysis report of the digital coloring detection is obtained.

7. A device for simulation matching and digital coloring detection of arc end teeth, characterized in that: include: The digital detection module for arc-end tooth geometric parameters is used to use a high-precision three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine with an accuracy of ≤0.6μm as the detection data acquisition equipment. The three-dimensional analog probe equipped with the three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine is used to automatically scan and collect the contour of the arc-end tooth, obtain the tooth surface profile data points, and then calculate the geometric parameters of the arc-end tooth; The arc end tooth surface virtual coloring module is used to perform virtual modeling using the standard processing parameters of the arc end teeth, virtually color the tooth surface, simulate the manual visual coloring method, and partition the tooth surface meshing quality; The arc end concave and convex tooth simulation matching module is used to collect tooth surface data of concave and convex teeth respectively, perform matching simulation calculations under the same meshing reference conditions, and find the best matching tooth pair. It is specifically used for: Find the maximum and minimum deviation ΔP between the sum of the fixed heights of the concave and convex teeth after each meshing, and analyze the meshing tooth pairs with the best and worst parallelism. That is, when the ΔP value is the smallest, the parallelism is the best, and when the ΔP value is the largest, the parallelism is the worst. Taking the same concave tooth as the reference, all concave and convex teeth are combined according to all matching relationships and then optimally fitted to obtain the center distance deviation ΔS of all meshing states. Then, the maximum center distance deviation ΔSmax and the minimum center distance deviation ΔSmin are obtained, and the maximum and minimum coaxiality deviations are obtained. In combination with actual production, the best matching state after a pair of concave teeth and convex teeth are engaged is the state when the coaxiality and parallelism are minimum. Combining the calculation results of step S31 and step S32, we have: Optimal meshing state: Worst meshing state: The simulation matching results will calculate the meshing accuracy of the best fitting state, as well as the tooth numbers of the concave and convex teeth after the best matching. At the same time, the meshing accuracy of the worst fitting state, as well as the tooth numbers of the concave and convex teeth after the worst matching, will be calculated.

8. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the program, the steps of the arc end tooth simulation matching and digital coloring detection method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 are implemented.

9. A storage medium comprising a stored program, characterized in that: When the program is running, the device where the storage medium is located is controlled to execute the steps of the arc end tooth simulation matching and digital coloring detection method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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