Communication method using dru and communication apparatus

Abstract

A communication method and a communication apparatus are provided, wherein the communication method comprises: generating a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), and transmitting the PPDU using resource units (RUs) of subcarriers on frequency subblocks distributed in a plurality of frequency subblocks of a wide bandwidth; wherein each of the plurality of frequency subblocks comprises a 20 MHz, 40 MHz or 80 MHz frequency subblock, wherein the wide bandwidth comprises an 80 MHz, 160 MHz or 320 MHz bandwidth, and wherein the subcarriers of the RUs are distributed on the frequency subblocks by applying a constant offset to distributed tone resource units dRUs on a 20 MHz, 40 MHz or 80 MHz bandwidth. Using this scheme, the subcarriers of the RUs can be distributed on the frequency subblocks of the wide bandwidth.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communication, and more specifically to design of distributed-tone resource units (dRUs) on frequency sub-chunks of wide-bandwidth physical-layer protocol data units (PPDUs) in 6 GHz low-power indoor (LPI) systems. BACKGROUND

[0002] The methods described in this section are not prior art to the claims listed below and are not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.

[0003] According to the existing regulations of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on wireless communications in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands, the equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) of the power spectral density (PSD) limit has an upper limit of 20 dBm for 2 MHz transmissions, and the transmission (Tx) power limit has an upper limit of 30 dBm. Under reasonable Tx power assumptions, the FCC requirement does not limit the Tx power for narrow-bandwidth transmissions. On the other hand, the FCC requirements for 6 GHz LPI applications are much more stringent than the PSD requirements for the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands. For example, for an access point (AP) STA in 6 GHz LPI, the EIRP limit is 5 dBm / MHz, while for an AP in the 5 GHz band, the EIRP limit is 17 dBm / MHz. Similarly, for a non-AP STA in 6 GHz LPI, the EIRP limit is -1 dBm / MHz, while for an AP in the 5 GHz band, the EIRP limit is 11 dBm / MHz.

[0004] Distributed-tone resource units (dRUs) and distributed-tone multi-RU (dMRUs) have been proposed to expand subcarriers or tones over a wider bandwidth to increase transmit power and expand coverage, and several different operation modes and scenarios are proposed. Some dRU operation modes, such as a mixed mode with regular RUs (rRUs) on one frequency segment / subblock and dRUs on other frequency segments / subblocks, require tone distribution to be performed only on specific frequency segments or subblocks of a given bandwidth, not the entire bandwidth. For example, dRUs can be distributed within a 20MHz segment / subblock of an 80MHz bandwidth, a 40MHz or 80MHz segment / subblock of a 160MHz bandwidth, and so on, with tone distribution not crossing any distribution window / bandwidth boundary. However, how to distribute tones or subcarriers of RUs over frequency subblocks of a wide bandwidth PPDU has not been defined. Therefore, there is a need for a solution to design dRUs over frequency subblocks of a wide bandwidth PPDU in a 6GHz LPI system. SUMMARY

[0005] The following summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. That is, the following summary is provided to introduce some concepts, highlights, benefits and advantages of the novel and non-obvious technology described herein. Selected implementations are further described below in the detailed description. Thus, the following summary is not intended to determine essential features of the claimed subject matter nor is it meant to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0006] It is an object of the present invention to provide solutions, concepts, designs, techniques, methods and apparatuses related to the design of dRUs over frequency subblocks of a wide bandwidth PPDU in a 6GHz LPI system. Under various solutions proposed in accordance with the present invention, dRUs can be distributed over 20MHz frequency segments / subblocks of a 40MHz, 80MHz, 160MHz or 320MHz bandwidth, 40MHz frequency segments / subblocks of an 80MHz, 160MHz or 320MHz bandwidth, 80MHz frequency segments / subblocks of a 160MHz or 320MHz bandwidth, or 160MHz frequency segments / subblocks of a 320MHz bandwidth. Furthermore, under various solutions proposed in accordance with the present invention, the design of dRUs over 20MHz, 40MHz and / or 80MHz bandwidths can be distributed over frequency subblocks of a wide bandwidth PPDU by using a constant offset.

[0007] In one aspect, a method can involve generating a PPDU. The method can also involve transmitting the PPDU using subcarriers of a resource unit (RU) distributed across frequency subblocks of a wide bandwidth in a plurality of frequency subblocks of the wide bandwidth. Each of the plurality of frequency subblocks can comprise a 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz frequency subblock. The wide bandwidth can comprise an 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or 320 MHz bandwidth. The subcarriers of the RU can be distributed across the frequency subblocks by applying a constant offset to a dRU over a 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz bandwidth. In one aspect, a method can involve generating a PPDU. Wherein subcarriers of a RU of the PPDU are distributed across frequency subblocks of a plurality of frequency subblocks of a wide bandwidth. Transmitting the PPDU over the wide bandwidth. Wherein each of the plurality of frequency subblocks can comprise a 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz frequency subblock. The wide bandwidth can comprise an 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or 320 MHz bandwidth. The subcarriers of the RU can be distributed across the frequency subblocks by applying a constant offset to a dRU over a 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz bandwidth. In another aspect, a method can involve generating a dRU, wherein subcarriers of the dRU are distributed across frequency subblocks of two or more frequency subblocks in a bandwidth. The method can also involve communicating using the dRU. The dRU can be generated in: (a) a 20 MHz frequency subblock in a bandwidth of 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or 320 MHz, or (b) a 40 MHz frequency subblock in a bandwidth of 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or 320 MHz, or (c) an 80 MHz frequency subblock in a bandwidth of 160 MHz or 320 MHz, or (d) a 160 MHz frequency subblock in a bandwidth of 320 MHz.

[0008] In yet another aspect, an apparatus can include a transceiver configured to wirelessly transmit and receive. The apparatus can also include a processor coupled to the transceiver. The processor can generate a PPDU, and the processor can also transmit the PPDU using subcarriers of a resource unit (RU) distributed across frequency subblocks of a wide bandwidth in a plurality of frequency subblocks of the wide bandwidth via the transceiver. Each of the plurality of frequency subblocks can comprise a 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz frequency subblock. The wide bandwidth can comprise an 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or 320 MHz bandwidth. The subcarriers of the RU can be distributed across the frequency subblocks by applying a constant offset to a dRU over a 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz bandwidth.

[0009] The above-described embodiments of the present invention can distribute subcarriers of a RU across frequency subblocks of a wide bandwidth.

[0010] It is worth noting that although the description provided herein can be in the context of certain radio access technologies, networks, and network topologies (e.g., Wi-Fi), the proposed concepts, solutions, and any variants / derivatives thereof can be implemented in other types of radio access technologies, networks, and network topologies, such as, but not limited to, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Fifth Generation (5G) / New Radio (NR), Long-Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced, LTE-Advanced Pro, Internet-of-Things (IoT), Industrial IoT (IIoT), and narrowband IoT (NB-IoT). Thus, the scope of the present application is not limited to the examples described herein. th BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0011] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present application, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application. It is understood that the drawings are schematic and are not necessarily drawn to scale, as the dimensions of some components can be exaggerated for clarity.

[0012] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an example network environment in which various solutions and solutions according to the present application can be implemented.

[0013] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an example design according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0014] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an example design according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0015] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an example design according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0016] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of an example design according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0017] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of an example design according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0018] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of an example design according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0019] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of an example design according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0020] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of an example design according to an embodiment of the application.

[0021] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of an example design according to an embodiment of the application.

[0022] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of an example scenario according to an embodiment of the application.

[0023] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of an example design according to an embodiment of the application.

[0024] Figure 13A and Figure 13B is a schematic diagram of an example design according to an embodiment of the application.

[0025] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of an example design according to an embodiment of the application.

[0026] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of an example scenario according to an embodiment of the application.

[0027] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of an example design according to an embodiment of the application.

[0028] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of an example design according to an embodiment of the application.

[0029] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of an example design according to an embodiment of the application.

[0030] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of an example design according to an embodiment of the application.

[0031] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of an example scenario according to an embodiment of the application.

[0032] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of an example design according to an embodiment of the application.

[0033] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of an example design according to an embodiment of the application.

[0034] Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of an example design according to an embodiment of the application.

[0035] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of an example scenario according to an embodiment of the application.

[0036] Figure 25is a schematic diagram of an example design according to embodiments of the application.

[0037] Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of an example scenario according to embodiments of the application.

[0038] Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of an example design according to embodiments of the application.

[0039] Figure 28 is a schematic diagram of an example design according to embodiments of the application.

[0040] Figure 29 is a schematic diagram of an example design according to embodiments of the application.

[0041] Figure 30 is a block diagram of an example communication system according to embodiments of the application.

[0042] Figure 31 is a flowchart of an example process according to embodiments of the application.

[0043] Figure 32 is a flowchart of an example process according to embodiments of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] Detailed embodiments and implementations of claimed subject matter are disclosed herein. It should be understood, however, that the disclosed embodiments and implementations are merely examples of the claimed subject matter. Nonetheless, the application can be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments and implementations set forth herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments and implementations are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and fully convey the scope of the application to those skilled in the art. In the following description, details of well-known features and techniques can be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the presented embodiments and implementations.

[0045] SUMMARY

[0046] Embodiments in accordance with the present application relate to various techniques, methods, schemes, and / or solutions related to dRU design on frequency sub-blocks of wide bandwidth PPDUs in 6 GHz LPI systems. According to the present application, a variety of possible solutions can be implemented individually or jointly. That is, while the following can describe these possible solutions separately, two or more of these possible solutions can be implemented in one combination or another.

[0047] Notably, in the present disclosure, a 26-tone regular RU can be interchangeably denoted as RU26 (or rRU26), a 52-tone regular RU can be interchangeably denoted as RU52 (or rRU52), a 106-tone regular RU can be interchangeably denoted as RU106 (or rRU106), a 242-tone regular RU can be interchangeably denoted as RU242 (or rRU242), and so on. Further, an aggregated (26+52)-tone regular multi-RU (MRU) can be interchangeably denoted as MRU78 (or rMRU78), an aggregated (26+106)-tone regular MRU can be interchangeably denoted as MRU132 (or rMRU132), and so on. Further, in the present disclosure, a 26-tone distributed-tone RU can be interchangeably denoted as dRU26, a 52-tone distributed-tone RU can be interchangeably denoted as dRU52, a 106-tone distributed-tone RU can be interchangeably denoted as dRU106, a 242-tone distributed-tone RU can be interchangeably denoted as dRU242, and so on. In addition, an aggregated (26+52)-tone distributed-tone MRU can be interchangeably denoted as dMRU78, an aggregated (26+106)-tone distributed-tone MRU can be interchangeably denoted as dMRU132, and so on. Since the above examples are merely illustrative examples and not an exhaustive list of all possibilities, the same applies to regular RUs, distributed-tone RUs, MRUs, and distributed-tone MRUs of different sizes (or different numbers of tones). It is also noteworthy that, in the present disclosure, a bandwidth of 20 MHz can be interchangeably denoted as BW20 or BW20M, a bandwidth of 40 MHz can be interchangeably denoted as BW40 or BW40M, a bandwidth of 80 MHz can be interchangeably denoted as BW80 or BW80M, a bandwidth of 160 MHz can be interchangeably denoted as BW160 or BW160M, a bandwidth of 240 MHz can be interchangeably denoted as BW240 or BW240M, and a bandwidth of 320 MHz can be interchangeably denoted as BW320 or BW320M. It is also noteworthy that, in the present disclosure, a 26-tone interleaved-tone (or interlaced-tone) RU can be interchangeably denoted as iRU26, a 52-tone interleaved-tone (or interlaced-tone) RU can be interchangeably denoted as iRU52, a 106-tone interleaved-tone (or interlaced-tone) RU can be interchangeably denoted as iRU106, a 242-tone interleaved-tone (or interlaced-tone) RU can be interchangeably denoted as iRU242, and a 484-tone interleaved-tone (or interlaced-tone) RU can be interchangeably denoted as iRU484. Further, the term“frequency segment” can be interchangeably referred to as“frequency sub-block” herein.

[0048] Figure 1An example network environment 100 in which various solutions and schemes according to the present application can be implemented is shown. Figures 2-32 Example implementations of various proposed schemes in the network environment 100 according to the present application are shown. Reference is made to Figures 1-32 The following description provides various proposed schemes.

[0049] As Figure 1 shown, the network environment 100 can involve wireless communication (e.g., in a wireless local area network (WLAN) according to one or more Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer (IEEE) 802.11 standards) of a communication entity 110 and a communication entity 120. For example, the communication entity 110 can be a first STA and the communication entity 120 can be a second STA, each of the first and second STAs functioning as an AP STA or a non-AP STA. Under various proposed schemes according to the present application, the communication entity 110 and the communication entity 120 can be configured to use a dRU design on frequency sub-blocks of wide bandwidth PPDUs in a 6 GHz LPI system under various proposed schemes of the present application for wireless communication, as described herein.

[0050] Figure 2 An example design 200 of a dRU based on a 26-tone RU under a proposed scheme according to the present application is shown. Reference is made to Figure 2 Part (A) thereof, under a proposed scheme, a tone distribution pattern of a dRU can be generated by the following equation, given a distribution bandwidth and a logical RU size:

[0051] K td (r,k) = RU start (r) + l i +j*N p

[0052] Here, Npdenotes a period; l i may also be denoted as l(i) as shown in the figure, which denotes a tone distribution pattern within a period; i = 0, 1, 2, …, L - 1; j = 0, 1, 2, …, k = 0, 1, 2, …, N st_ru - 1; r = 1, 2, …, N ru , where r is a logical RU index. Further, l i ∈ Ω ru = {l0, l1, …, l L-1}; L = |Ω ru |; N st_ru= 26, 52, 106, 242, 484, 996, for RU26, RU52, RU106, RU242, RU484, RU996, respectively. Under the proposed scheme, RU start (r) represents the first or starting tone index of dRUr; l i represents a tone within a repetition distance or a repetition period; Np represents a repetition distance or a repetition period; L represents the number of tones within a repetition distance or a repetition period; N st_ru represents the number of subcarriers (or tones) of dRU; N ru represents the number of RUs of a given RU size or the number of dRUs of a given dRU size in a given bandwidth. Referring to Figure 2 , the dRU examples on BW20 with RU sizes of 26, 52, or 106.

[0053] Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 show example designs 300, 400, and 500, respectively, regarding the distribution of dRUs on frequency subblocks under the proposed scheme according to the present invention. Referring to Figure 3 , scenario 300 shows an example of the distribution of dRUs on BW20. In scenario 300, the tone distribution span of dRUs spans 241 tones. In addition, all dRUs can have at least three direct-current (DC) tones (>= 3 DC tones) around the DC in the center of the tone distribution of dRUs. In addition, in the present invention, the first left tone of the overall dRU table on BW20 is denoted as K1st_bw20 (e.g., K1st_bw20 = -120 in the dRU tone index table shown in Figure 3 ). Referring to Figure 4 , scenario 400 shows an example of the distribution of dRUs on two 20MHz frequency subblocks on a 40MHz bandwidth. Referring to Figure 5 , scenario 500 shows an example of the distribution of dRUs on four 20MHz frequency subblocks on an 80MHz bandwidth.

[0054] Figure 6 shows an example design 600 of the distribution of dRUs on 20MHz frequency subblocks on BW40 under the first option (Option 1) of the proposed scheme according to the present invention. In design 600, the parameter K1st can be defined as the first left tone of a given frequency segment / subblock, and K1st is subblock-dependent. For example, as Figure 6K1st = -244 for the first 20MHz frequency sub-block of the 40MHz bandwidth, and K1st = 3 for the second 20MHz frequency sub-block of the 40MHz bandwidth.

[0055] Using the first method under Option 1 of the proposed scheme, the distribution of dRUs or tone indices can be expressed as dRU = Tone - K1st, where Tone is the tone index of the dRU. BW20 + (-K1st_bw20 + K1st), where dRU BW20 represents the dRU subcarrier index on BW20, K1st_bw20 represents the corresponding value of K1st for BW20, "dRU BW20 -K1st_bw20" represents the normalization to make the tone index start from "0" (e.g., K1st_bw20 = -120). It is worth noting that the first method can maintain the same dRU tone pattern as the dRUs on BW20. Using the second method under Option 1 of the proposed scheme, the distribution of dRUs or tone indices can be expressed as dRU = Tone - Range(dTP), where Tone-Range depends on the sub-block. For example, Tone-Range = [-244:-3] for the first (or low) 20MHz frequency sub-block of the 40MHz bandwidth, and Tone-Range = [3:244] for the second (or high) 20MHz frequency sub-block of the 40MHz bandwidth. As shown in the dTP table of part (B) of FIG. 2, the dTP index table can be a positive integer representing the tone distribution pattern, and the dRU tone index can be generated by mapping or selecting a tone from "Tone-Range" based on dTP. For example, Tone-Range of dRUs on BW20 = [-120:-2, 2:120]. It is worth noting that both Tone-Range and dTP can have other values depending on the dRU design. Wherein, dTP represents the dRU tone pattern. Figure 6 Using the third method under Option 1 of the proposed scheme, the distribution of dRUs or tone indices can be expressed as k = K1st + k td where k td is the tone distribution pattern, which can be generated in the manner described above with respect to design 200.

[0056] Figure 7An example design 700 of dRU distribution on 20MHz frequency sub-blocks over BW80 under the first option (Option 1) of the proposed scheme of the present application is shown. In the design 700, the same three methods as described above can be applied to dRU on 20MHz frequency sub-blocks over BW80, BW160 and BW320, as in the dRU design of 20MHz frequency sub-blocks over BW40. That is, using the first method, the distribution or tone index of dRU can be expressed as dRU = (-K1st_bw20 + K1st), where dRU in the above equation represents the dRU subcarrier index over BW20, K1st can be -500 for the first 20MHz frequency sub-block, -253 for the second 20MHz frequency sub-block, 12 for the third 20MHz frequency sub-block, and 259 for the fourth 20MHz frequency sub-block. K1st can be selected as the first tone index of each RU 242 in BW40, BW80, BW160 and BW320. Using the second method, the distribution or tone index of dRU can be expressed as dRU = Tone - Range(dTP), where Tone-Range can be [-500:-259] for the first 20MHz frequency sub-block, [-253:-12] for the second 20MHz frequency sub-block, [12:253] for the third 20MHz frequency sub-block, and [259:500] for the fourth 20MHz frequency sub-block. Tone-Range can be selected as the tone range of each RU 242. Using the third method, the distribution or tone index of dRU can be expressed as k = K1st + k td .

[0057] Figure 8 An example design 800 of dRU distribution on 20MHz frequency sub-blocks over BW160 and BW320 under the proposed scheme of the present application is shown. Figure 8 (A) part of FIG. 8 shows an example distribution of dRU on 20MHz frequency sub-blocks over BW160. Figure 8 (B) part of FIG. 8 shows an example distribution of dRU on 20MHz frequency sub-blocks over BW320. In the design 800, the same three methods as described above can be applied to dRU on 20MHz frequency sub-blocks over BW160 and BW320, as in the dRU design of 20MHz frequency sub-blocks over BW40.

[0058] Under the proposed scheme, regarding the dRU distribution on 20 MHz frequency sub-blocks on BW 160, for the first 20 MHz frequency sub-block, K1st = -1012 or Tone-Range = RU1 ; for the second 20 MHz frequency sub-block, K1st = -765 or Tone-Range = RU2; for the third 20 MHz frequency sub-block, K1st = -500 or Tone-Range = RU3; for the fourth 20 MHz frequency sub-block K1st = -253 or Tone-Range = RU4; for the fifth 20 MHz frequency sub-block, K1st = 12 or Tone-Range = RU5; for the sixth 20 MHz frequency sub-block, K1st = 259 or Tone-Range = RU6; for the seventh 20 MHz frequency sub-block, K1st = 524 or Tone-Range = RU7; for the eighth 20 MHz frequency sub-block, K1st = 771 or Tone-Range = RU8.Similarly, with respect to the dRU distribution on the 20MHz frequency sub-blocks on BW 320, for the first 20MHz frequency sub-block, K1st= -2036 or Tone-Range = RU1; for the second 20MHz frequency sub-block, K1st= -1789 or Tone-Range = RU2; for the third 20MHz frequency sub-block, K1st= -1524 or Tone-Range = RU3; for the fourth 20MHz frequency sub-block, K1st= -1277 or Tone-Range = RU4; for the fifth 20MHz frequency sub-block, K1st= -1012 or Tone-Range = RU5; for the sixth 20MHz frequency sub-block, K1st= -765 or Tone-Range = RU6; for the seventh 20MHz frequency sub-block, K1st= -500 or Tone-Range = RU7; for the eighth 20MHz frequency sub-block, K1st= -253 or Tone-Range = RU8; for the ninth 20MHz frequency sub-block, K1st= 12 or Tone-Range = RU9; for the tenth 20MHz frequency sub-block, K1st= 259 or Tone-Range = RU10; for the eleventh 20MHz frequency sub-block, K1st= 524 or Tone-Range = RU11; for the twelfth 20MHz frequency sub-block, K1st= 771 or Tone-Range = RU12; for the thirteenth 20MHz frequency sub-block, K1st= 1036 or Tone-Range = RU13; for the fourteenth 20MHz frequency sub-block, K1st= 1283 or Tone-Range = RU14; for the fifteenth 20MHz frequency sub-block, K1st= 1548 or Tone-Range = RU15; for the sixteenth 20MHz frequency sub-block, K1st= 1795 or Tone-Range = RU16.

[0059] Figure 9 An example design 900 of the dRU distribution on 20MHz frequency sub-blocks on BW 40 under the second option (Option 2) of the proposed scheme according to the present application is shown. In design 900, the parameter K1stmay be defined as the first left tone of a frequency segment / sub-block. For example, as shown in part (A) of FIG. 9, for the first 20MHz frequency sub-block of the 40MHz bandwidth, K1st= -244, and for the second 20MHz frequency sub-block of the 40MHz bandwidth, K1st= 3. Figure 6

[0060] ​Using the first method under Option 2 of the proposed scheme, the distribution of dRUs or tone indices can be expressed as k = K1st+ k td , where k td may be the tone distribution pattern of dRUs generated as described in design 200 above. Using the second method under Option 2 of the proposed scheme, the distribution of dRUs or tone indices can be expressed as dRU = Tone-Range(dTP). For example, for the first (or low) 20MHz frequency sub-block, Tone-Range = [-244:-130, -126:-3], and for the second (or high) 20MHz frequency sub-block, Tone-Range = [3:126, 130:244].

[0061] Figure 10 An example design 1000 of dRU distribution on 20MHz frequency sub-blocks on BW80 under the second option (Option 2) of the proposed scheme of the present application is shown. In design 1000, as with the dRU design for 20MHz frequency sub-blocks on BW40, the same two methods described above can be applied to dRUs on 20MHz frequency sub-blocks on BW80, BW160, and BW320. That is, using the first method, the distribution of dRUs or tone indices can be expressed as k = K1st+ k td . It is noted that for the second and third 20MHz frequency sub-blocks in BW80, K1stand Kdcmay be shifted a few tones towards the center of the tone distribution of BW80. Using the second method, the distribution of dRUs or tone indices can be expressed as dRU = Tone-Range(dTP), where Tone-Range can be [-500:-386, -382:-259] for the first 20MHz frequency sub-block, [-253:-130, -126:-12] for the second 20MHz frequency sub-block, and so on. Figure 11 An example scenario 1100 of dRU distribution on one 20MHz frequency sub-block of BW80 using the first method under Option 1 is shown.

[0062] Figure 12 An example design 1200 of dRU distribution on BW80 under the proposed scheme of the present application is shown. Referring to Figure 12As shown, the tones of a dRU can be distributed over the tone range of the RU 996 (e.g., over [-500:-3, 3:500]). In the design 1200, at least five DC tones can be kept around the center of the tone distribution of each dRU. According to a tone-alignment approach, the tones of a dRU can be distributed towards the center, leaving more edge tones on each side (especially for smaller RUs), or the tones of a dRU use a tone distribution that is aligned with the edges, leaving more DC tones in the center of the tone distribution.

[0063] Figure 13A and Figure 13B Each shows a respective portion of an example design 1300, which shows the dRU indexing (Np= 37) on BW80 under the proposed scheme according to the present disclosure. Specifically, Figure 13A shows the dRU indexing and subcarrier range for a 26-tone dRU, while Figure 13B shows the dRU indexing and subcarrier range for 52-tone, 106-tone, 242-tone, and 484-tone dRUs. Notably, the tones of a dRU can be distributed according to different tone-alignment schemes, such as but not limited to edge-aligned and DC-symmetric, edge-aligned and DC-asymmetric, center-aligned and DC-symmetric, or center-aligned and DC-asymmetric.

[0064] Figure 14 shows an example design 1400 of dRU distribution on an 80MHz frequency sub-block of BW160. In the design 1400, the dRU distribution on one 80MHz frequency sub-block of BW160 or BW320 can be achieved by a constant offset to the dRU on BW80, such as "dRU + K shift ", where K shiftmay be an integer value defined for each 80MHz frequency sub-block, and dRU can represent a distributed RU subcarrier index. The tone distribution pattern on any 80MHz frequency sub-block can remain the same as the dRU on BW80. Also, for each 80MHz frequency sub-block, the location and number of DC tones can be kept or remain the same as the location and number of DC tones for the dRU on BW80. For example, in design 1400, the dRU distribution on the first 80MHz frequency sub-block of BW160 can be dRU + 500 - 1012 (e.g., in the case of edge-alignment for dRU) or dRU - 512 (e.g., in the case of 80MHz for Nfft = 1024, dRU - Nfft / 2). Similarly, the dRU distribution on the second 80MHz frequency sub-block of BW160 can be dRU + 500 + 1012 (e.g., in the case of edge-alignment for dRU) or dRU + 512 (e.g., in the case of 80MHz for Nfft = 1024, dRU + Nfft / 2). Here, dRU represents the distributed tone RU subcarrier index on BW80. Figure 15 An example scenario 1500 is shown under Option 1 with dRU distribution in BW160 on the first 80MHz segment and regular RU on the second 80MHz segment.

[0065] Figure 16 An example design 1600 is shown for dRU distribution on 80MHz frequency sub-blocks of BW320. In design 1600, the dRU distribution on one 80MHz frequency sub-block of BW160 or BW320 can be obtained by a constant offset to the dRU on BW80, e.g., “dRU + K shift ”, where K shiftmay be an integer value defined for each 80MHz frequency sub-block, and dRU can represent a distributed RU subcarrier index. The tone distribution pattern on any 80MHz frequency sub-block can remain the same as the dRU on BW80. For example, in design 1600, the dRU subcarrier index for each 80MHz frequency sub-block can be generated as follows: for the first 80MHz frequency sub-block, dRU - 3*512; for the second 80MHz frequency sub-block, dRU - 512; for the third 80MHz frequency sub-block, dRU + 512; and for the fourth 80MHz frequency sub-block, dRU + 3*512. If Nfft = 1024 for BW80 is defined, the equivalent dRU subcarrier index can be as follows: for the first 80MHz frequency sub-block, dRU - 3*Nfft / 2; for the second 80MHz frequency sub-block, dRU - Nfft / 2; for the third 80MHz frequency sub-block, dRU + Nfft / 2; and for the fourth 80MHz frequency sub-block, dRU + 3*Nfft / 2. Here, dRU represents a distributed tone RU subcarrier index on BW80.

[0066] Figure 17 An example design 1700 of dRU distribution on BW40 is shown. Figure 18 An example design 1800 of dRU distribution on 40MHz frequency sub-blocks of BW80 is shown. In design 1800, the dRU distribution on one 40MHz frequency sub-block of BW160 or BW320 can be obtained by a constant offset to the dRU on BW40, e.g., “dRU + K shift ”, where K shift may be an integer value defined for each 40MHz frequency sub-block, and dRU can represent a distributed RU subcarrier index. The tone distribution pattern on any 40MHz frequency sub-block can remain the same as the dRU on BW40. In addition, for each 40MHz frequency sub-block, the location and number of DC tones can be preserved or remain the same as the location and number of DC tones for the dRU on BW40. For example, in design 1800, the dRU distribution on the first 40MHz frequency sub-block of BW80 can be dRU + 244 - 500 (e.g., in the case that dRU is edge-aligned) or dRU - 256 (e.g., in the case that 40MHz for Nfft = 512, dRU - Nfft / 2). Similarly, the dRU distribution on the second 40MHz frequency sub-block of BW80 can be dRU + 244 + 12 (e.g., in the case that dRU is edge-aligned) or dRU + 256 (e.g., in the case that 40MHz for Nfft = 512, dRU + Nfft / 2). Here, dRU represents a distributed tone RU subcarrier index on BW40.

[0067] Figure 19 An example design 1900 of dRU distribution over 40MHz frequency sub-blocks of BW 160 is shown. In design 1900, the dRU distribution over one 40MHz frequency sub-block of BW 160 or BW 320 can be achieved by a constant shift of dRUs over BW 40, e.g., “dRU + K shift ”, where K shift may be an integer value defined for each 40MHz frequency sub-block, and dRU can represent the distributed RU subcarrier index. The tone distribution pattern over any 40MHz frequency sub-block can remain the same as the dRUs over BW 40. For example, in design 1900, the dRU subcarrier index for each 40MHz frequency sub-block can be generated as follows: for the first 40MHz frequency sub-block, dRU - 3*256; for the second 40MHz frequency sub-block, dRU - 256; for the third 40MHz frequency sub-block, dRU + 256; and for the fourth 40MHz frequency sub-block, dRU + 3*256. If Nfft = 512 for BW 40 is defined, the equivalent dRU subcarrier index can be as follows: for the first 40MHz frequency sub-block, dRU - 3*Nfft / 2; for the second 40MHz frequency sub-block, dRU - Nfft / 2; for the third 40MHz frequency sub-block, dRU + Nfft / 2; and for the fourth 40MHz frequency sub-block, dRU + 3*Nfft / 2. Here, dRU represents the distributed tone RU subcarrier index over BW 40.

[0068] In design 1900, for dRU distribution on 40MHz frequency sub-blocks of BW320, there can be a total of 8 40MHz frequency sub-blocks in BW320, and the dRU subcarrier index on each 40MHz frequency sub-block can be generated by a constant offset as follows: dRU - 7*256 for the first 40MHz frequency sub-block; dRU - 5*256 for the second 40MHz frequency sub-block; dRU - 3*256 for the third 40MHz frequency sub-block; dRU - 256 for the fourth 40MHz frequency sub-block; dRU + 256 for the fifth 40MHz frequency sub-block; dRU + 3*256 for the sixth 40MHz frequency sub-block; dRU + 5*256 for the seventh 40MHz frequency sub-block; dRU + 7*256 for the eighth 40MHz frequency sub-block. If Nfft = 512 for BW40 is defined, the equivalent dRU subcarrier index can be as follows: dRU - 7*Nfft / 2 for the first 40MHz frequency sub-block; dRU - 5*Nfft / 2 for the second 40MHz frequency sub-block; dRU - 3*Nfft / 2 for the third 40MHz frequency sub-block; dRU - Nfft / 2 for the fourth 40MHz frequency sub-block; dRU + Nfft / 2 for the fifth 40MHz frequency sub-block; dRU + 3*Nfft / 2 for the sixth 40MHz frequency sub-block; dRU + 5*Nfft / 2 for the seventh 40MHz frequency sub-block; dRU + 7*Nfft / 2 for the eighth 40MHz frequency sub-block. Here, dRU denotes the distributed tone RU subcarrier index on BW40.

[0069] Under various proposed schemes according to the present application, dRU operation can be used in mixed mode and / or punctured mode. Figure 20 An example scenario 2000 in which various proposed schemes can be implemented is shown. Referring to part (A) of Figure 20 , dRUs can be distributed on 80MHz frequency sub-blocks in mixed mode operation of BW160 or BW320. As shown in part (A) of Figure 20 , each of the first, second, and fourth 80MHz frequency sub-blocks of a 320MHz bandwidth can have rRUs on it, while the third 80MHz frequency sub-block can have tones of dRUs distributed on it. Referring to part (B) of Figure 20 , dRUs can be distributed on 20MHz or 40MHz frequency sub-blocks in punctured mode operation of BW80, BW160, or BW320. As shown in part (B) of Figure 20As shown in part (B), each of the first and third 80 MHz frequency sub-blocks of the 320 MHz bandwidth can have rRUs on it, while the fourth 80 MHz frequency sub-block can have tones of dRUs distributed on it. In addition, in the second 80 MHz frequency sub-block, the first 20 MHz segment or sub-block can have one tone of dRUs distributed on it, the second 20 MHz segment or sub-block can be punctured, and the second 40 MHz segment or sub-block can have another tone of dRUs distributed on it. Under various proposed schemes in accordance with the present application, dRUs can be distributed on the frequency sub-blocks of a wide bandwidth PPDU using a constant offset to the design of dRUs on 20 MHz, 40 MHz, and / or 80 MHz bandwidths.

[0070] Under proposed schemes in accordance with the present application, dRUs can be distributed on one or more frequency sub-blocks of a wide bandwidth by a one-step option. Under the proposed schemes, a tone distribution of dRUs of any size on any frequency sub-block (size of 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz) of a wide bandwidth (e.g., 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or 320 MHz) can be generated and denoted as follows: k dRU_i = k dRU + K shift (i). Here, k dRU denotes the dRU subcarrier index from the dRU tone table for dRUs on BW 20 / 40 / 80; k dRU_i denotes the dRU subcarrier index on the i-th frequency sub-block of a wide bandwidth; K shift (i) denotes the constant shift value defined in the table shown in Figure 21 . i denotes the frequency sub-block index of sub-block size 20 / 40 / 80 MHz on BW 80 / 160 / 320. It is noted that for sub-block size 20 MHz, K shift (i) can be 120 + K1st, for sub-block size 40 MHz, K shift (i) can be 244 + K1st, and for sub-block size 80 MHz, K shift (i) can be 500 + K1st, where K1stdenotes the starting tone index of the corresponding frequency sub-block i of sub-block size 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz.

[0071] Figure 21 An example design 2100 of a table showing the values of the constant offset K shift under proposed schemes in accordance with the present application is shown. Referring to Figure 21 , different constant offset K shift values are shown for frequency sub-block sizes 20 MHz, 40 MHz, and 80 MHz and for wide bandwidths 80 MHz, 160 MHz, and 320 MHz.

[0072] Figure 22 and Figure 23 Example designs 2200 and 2300 of frequency subblock indices under the proposed scheme according to the present disclosure are shown. Referring to the table in Figure 22 , in the User Info field of the IEEE 802.11be Trigger frame, the bits B7-B1 of the RU Allocation subfield can define the RU size and location in 80MHz. In addition, the bits of PS160 and B0 of RU Allocation can together define the 80MHz frequency subblock index N for BW80 / 160 / 320. The bits B7-B1 of the RU Allocation subfield are converted or otherwise mapped to 20MHz or 40MHz frequency subblock indices as defined in the table shown in Figure 23 .

[0073] Referring to the table in section (A) of Figure 23 , from the bits B7-B1 of the RU Allocation subfield, 20MHz or 40MHz subblock indices M within 80MHz bandwidth can be defined. Moreover, a global subblock index i in BW80 / 160 / 320 can be calculated or otherwise determined as shown in section (B) of Figure 23 . It can be assumed that the indices i, M, N start from 0. Figure 24 An example scenario 2400 of distribution of dRUs on one or more frequency subblocks in BW320 using the one-step option described above is shown. In scenario 2400, the value of k dRU can be determined from the dRU tone table, and the value of K shift (i) can be determined from the lookup table (LUT) shown in Figure 24 .

[0074] Under another proposed scheme according to the present disclosure, a two-step option can be used to distribute dRUs on one or more frequency subblocks of a wide bandwidth. Under the proposed scheme, any size of dRU on any frequency subblock (of size 20MHz, 40MHz or 80MHz) of a wide bandwidth (e.g., 80MHz, 160MHz or 320MHz) can be generated by splitting a constant offset K shift into two parts as follows: K shift = K shift1 + K shift2 . Here, K shift1 corresponds to the offset value for 20MHz, 40MHz or 80MHz frequency subblock within BW80, and K shift2 corresponds to the offset value for 80MHz frequency subblock within BW80 / 160 / 320. Figure 25An example design 2500 under the proposed scheme is shown. Referring to Figure 25 A general formula for dRU distribution on one or more frequency sub-blocks over a wide bandwidth is shown, along with values for K shift1 and K shift2 . Figure 26 An example scenario 2600 for dRU distribution on one or more frequency sub-blocks in BW320 using the two-step option described above is shown. In scenario 2600, values for k dRU can be determined from the dRU tone table, and values for K shift1 and K shift2 can be determined from the LUT shown. Figure 26

[0075] In view of the above, Figure 27 , Figure 28 and Figure 29 Example designs 2700, 2800, and 2900 for dRU distribution on frequency sub-blocks over a wide bandwidth PPDU are shown. Design 2700 relates to dRU distribution on frequency sub-blocks over a 20MHz PPDU. Design 2800 relates to dRU distribution on frequency sub-blocks over a 40MHz PPDU. Design 2900 relates to dRU distribution on frequency sub-blocks over an 80MHz PPDU.

[0076] Illustrative Implementations

[0077] Figure 30 An example system 3000 having at least an example apparatus 3010 and an example apparatus 3020 in accordance with implementations of the present application is shown. Each of apparatus 3010 and apparatus 3020 can perform various functions to implement the schemes, techniques, processes, and methods described herein relating to subcarrier indexing for dRUs in 6GHz LPI systems, including the various schemes described above with respect to the various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems, and methods, as well as the processes described below. For example, apparatus 3010 can be an example implementation of communication entity 110, and apparatus 3020 can be an example implementation of communication entity 120.

[0078] ​Each of the apparatus 3010 and the apparatus 3020 can be part of an electronic device, which can be a STA or an AP, such as a portable or mobile device, a wearable device, a wireless communication device, or a computing device. For example, each of the apparatus 3010 and the apparatus 3020 can be implemented in a smartphone, a smartwatch, a personal digital assistant, a digital camera, or a computing equipment such as a tablet, a laptop, or a notebook. Each of the apparatus 3010 and the apparatus 3020 can also be part of a machine-type device, which can be an IoT device such as a fixed or stationary device, a home device, a wired communication device, or a computing device. For example, each of the apparatus 3010 and the apparatus 3020 can be implemented in a smart thermostat, a smart refrigerator, a smart door lock, a wireless speaker, or a home control center. When implemented in or as a network device, the apparatus 3010 and / or the apparatus 3020 can be implemented in a network node, such as an AP in a WLAN.

[0079] In some implementations, each of the apparatus 3010 and the apparatus 3020 can be implemented in the form of one or more integrated circuit (IC) chips, such as but not limited to one or more single-core processors, one or more more multi-core processors, one or more reduced-instruction set computing (RISC) processors, or one or more complex-instruction-set-computing (CISC) processors. In the above various scenarios, each of the apparatus 3010 and the apparatus 3020 can be implemented in or as a STA or an AP. Each of the apparatus 3010 and the apparatus 3020 can include at least some of the components shown in FIG. 30, such as the processor 3012 and the processor 3022. Each of the apparatus 3010 and the apparatus 3020 can also include one or more other components that are not pertinent to the aspects presented herein (e.g., an internal power supply, a display device, and / or a user interface device), and thus, for simplicity and brevity, none of such components of the apparatus 3010 and the apparatus 3020 are shown in FIG. 30 nor described below. Figure 30 In some implementations, each of the apparatus 3010 and the apparatus 3020 can be implemented in the form of one or more integrated circuit (IC) chips, such as but not limited to one or more single-core processors, one or more more multi-core processors, one or more reduced-instruction set computing (RISC) processors, or one or more complex-instruction-set-computing (CISC) processors. In the above various scenarios, each of the apparatus 3010 and the apparatus 3020 can be implemented in or as a STA or an AP. Each of the apparatus 3010 and the apparatus 3020 can include at least some of the components shown in FIG. 30, such as the processor 3012 and the processor 3022. Each of the apparatus 3010 and the apparatus 3020 can also include one or more other components that are not pertinent to the aspects presented herein (e.g., an internal power supply, a display device, and / or a user interface device), and thus, for simplicity and brevity, none of such components of the apparatus 3010 and the apparatus 3020 are shown in FIG. 30 nor described below. Figure 3 In some implementations, each of the apparatus 3010 and the apparatus 3020 can be implemented in the form of one or more integrated circuit (IC) chips, such as but not limited to one or more single-core processors, one or more more multi-core processors, one or more reduced-instruction set computing (RISC) processors, or one or more complex-instruction-set-computing (CISC) processors. In the above various scenarios, each of the apparatus 3010 and the apparatus 3020 can be implemented in or as a STA or an AP. Each of the apparatus 3010 and the apparatus 3020 can include at least some of the components shown in FIG. 30, such as the processor 3012 and the processor 3022. Each of the apparatus 3010 and the apparatus 3020 can also include one or more other components that are not pertinent to the aspects presented herein (e.g., an internal power supply, a display device, and / or a user interface device), and thus, for simplicity and brevity, none of such components of the apparatus 3010 and the apparatus 3020 are shown in FIG. 30 nor described below.

[0080] In an aspect, each of processor 3012 and processor 3022 can be implemented in the form of one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more RISC processors, or one or more CISC processors. That is, even though a singular term "processor" is used herein to refer to processor 3012 and processor 3022, according to the present application, each of processor 3012 and processor 3022 can include multiple processors in some embodiments and a single processor in other embodiments. In another aspect, each of processor 3012 and processor 3022 can be implemented in the form of hardware (and, optionally, firmware) having electronic components, including, but not limited to, one or more transistors, one or more diodes, one or more capacitors, one or more resistors, one or more inductors, one or more memristors, and / or one or more varactors, configured and arranged to accomplish particular purposes, according to the present application. In other words, in at least some embodiments, each of processor 3012 and processor 3022 is a special purpose machine specially designed, arranged, and configured to perform particular tasks, including tasks related to dRU design on frequency sub-blocks of wide-bandwidth PPDUs in 6 GHz LPI systems, according to various embodiments of the present application. For example, each of processor 3012 and processor 3022 can be configured with hardware components or circuitry implementing one, some, or all of the examples described and illustrated herein.

[0081] In some embodiments, apparatus 3010 can also include a transceiver 3016 coupled to processor 3012. Transceiver 3016 is capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. In some embodiments, apparatus 3020 can also include a transceiver 3026 coupled to processor 3022. Transceiver 3026 includes a transceiver capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data.

[0082] In some implementations, the apparatus 3010 can further include a memory 3014 coupled to the processor 3012 and accessible to the processor 3012 for storing data and instructions that can be used by the processor 3012. In some implementations, the apparatus 3020 can also include a memory 3024 coupled to the processor 3022 and accessible to the processor 3022 for storing data and instructions that can be used by the processor 3022. Each of the memory 3014 and the memory 3024 can include a type of random access memory (RAM), such as dynamic RAM (DRAM), static RAM (SRAM), thyristor RAM (T-RAM), and / or zero capacitor RAM (Z-RAM). Alternatively or additionally, each of the memory 3014 and the memory 3024 can include a type of read-only memory (ROM), such as mask ROM, programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), and / or electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM). Alternatively or additionally, each of the memory 3014 and the memory 3024 can include a type of non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM), such as flash memory, solid-state memory, ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM), magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM), and / or phase-change memory.

[0083] Each of the apparatus 3010 and the apparatus 3020 can be a communication entity capable of communicating with each other using various proposed schemes according to the present application. For illustrative purposes and not by way of limitation, a description of the capabilities of the apparatus 3010 as a communication entity 110 and the apparatus 3020 as a communication entity 120 is provided below. Notably, while the example embodiments described below are provided in the context of a WLAN, they can equally be implemented in other types of networks. Thus, while the description of the following example embodiments is in the context of the apparatus 3010 functioning as a transmitting device and the apparatus 3020 functioning as a receiving device, it equally applies to another scenario where the apparatus 3010 functions as a receiving device and the apparatus 3020 functions as a transmitting device.

[0084] Under the proposed scheme according to the present application regarding dRU design on frequency sub-chunks of wide bandwidth PPDU in 6 GHz LPI systems, the processor 3012 of the apparatus 3010 can generate a PPDU. Also, the processor 3012 can transmit the PPDU (e.g., to the apparatus 3020) using subcarriers of a RU distributed across frequency sub-chunks of a wide bandwidth on the wide bandwidth through the transceiver 3016.

[0085] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of frequency sub-chunks can be a 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz frequency sub-chunk. Also, the wide bandwidth can be an 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or 320 MHz bandwidth. Also, the subcarriers of the RU can be distributed across the frequency sub-chunks by applying a constant offset to the dRU on the 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz bandwidth.

[0086] In some embodiments, the distribution of the subcarriers of the RU across the frequency sub-chunks can be expressed as: k dRU_i = k dRU + K shift (i). In this case, k dRU denotes a dRU subcarrier index for a dRU on a 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz bandwidth, k dRU_i denotes a dRU subcarrier index on the i-th frequency sub-chunk, K shift (i) denotes a value of the constant offset, and i denotes an index of a frequency sub-chunk in the plurality of frequency sub-chunks. In some embodiments, K shiftThe value of (i) can include: (a) 120 + K1st in case the size of each frequency sub-block is 20 MHz, (b) 244 + K1st in case the size of each frequency sub-block is 40 MHz, (c) 500 + K1st in case the size of each frequency sub-block is 80 MHz. Further, K1st denotes the corresponding starting tone index of the frequency sub-block i of size 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz. In some embodiments, in response to the wide bandwidth being 80 MHz, K shift The value of (i) can include: (a) K1st in case the size of each frequency sub-block is 20 MHz, (b) K1st in case the size of each frequency sub-block is 40 MHz, (c) K1st in case the size of each frequency sub-block is 80 MHz. Further, K1st denotes the corresponding starting tone index of the frequency sub-block i of size 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz. In some embodiments, in response to the wide bandwidth being 80 MHz, K shift The value of (i) can include [-380, -133, 132, 379], (b) K1st in case the size of each frequency sub-block is 40 MHz, (c) K1st in case the size of each frequency sub-block is 80 MHz. Further, K1st denotes the corresponding starting tone index of the frequency sub-block i of size 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz. In some embodiments, in response to the wide bandwidth being 80 MHz, K shift The value of (i) can include [-256, 256], and (c) K1st in case the size of each frequency sub-block is 80 MHz. Further, K1st denotes the corresponding starting tone index of the frequency sub-block i of size 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz. In some embodiments, in response to the wide bandwidth being 80 MHz, K shift The value of (i) can be 0. In some embodiments, in response to the wide bandwidth being 160 MHz, K shift The value of (i) can include: (a) K1st in case the size of each frequency sub-block is 20 MHz, (b) K1st in case the size of each frequency sub-block is 40 MHz, (c) K1st in case the size of each frequency sub-block is 80 MHz. Further, K1st denotes the corresponding starting tone index of the frequency sub-block i of size 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz. In some embodiments, in response to the wide bandwidth being 80 MHz, K shift The value of (i) can include [-892, -645, -380, -133, 132, 379, 644, 891], (b) K1st in case the size of each frequency sub-block is 40 MHz, (c) K1st in case the size of each frequency sub-block is 80 MHz. Further, K1st denotes the corresponding starting tone index of the frequency sub-block i of size 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz. In some embodiments, in response to the wide bandwidth being 80 MHz, K shift The value of (i) can include [-768, -256, 256, 768], and (c) K1st in case the size of each frequency sub-block is 80 MHz. Further, K1st denotes the corresponding starting tone index of the frequency sub-block i of size 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz. In some embodiments, in response to the wide bandwidth being 80 MHz, K shift The value of (i) can include [-512, 512]. In some embodiments, in response to the wide bandwidth being 320 MHz, K shift The value of (i) can include: (a) K1st in case the size of each frequency sub-block is 20 MHz, (b) K1st in case the size of each frequency sub-block is 40 MHz, (c) K1st in case the size of each frequency sub-block is 80 MHz. Further, K1st denotes the corresponding starting tone index of the frequency sub-block i of size 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz. In some embodiments, in response to the wide bandwidth being 80 MHz, K shift The value of (i) can include [-1916, -1669, -1404, -1157, -892, -645, -380, -133, 132, 379, 644, 891, 1156, 1403, 1668, 1915], (b) K1st in case the size of each frequency sub-block is 40 MHz, (c) K1st in case the size of each frequency sub-block is 80 MHz. Further, K1st denotes the corresponding starting tone index of the frequency sub-block i of size 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz. In some embodiments, in response to the wide bandwidth being 80 MHz, K shift The value of (i) can include [-1792, -1280, -768, -256, 256, 768, 1280, 1792], and (c) K1st in case the size of each frequency sub-block is 80 MHz. Further, K1st denotes the corresponding starting tone index of the frequency sub-block i of size 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz. In some embodiments, in response to the wide bandwidth being 80 MHz, K shift The value of (i) can include [-1536, -512, 512, 1536].

[0087] In some embodiments, the distribution of subcarriers for an RU over a frequency subblock can be expressed as: k dRU_M_N = k dRU + K shift1 (M) + K shift2 (N). In this case, M represents an 80 MHz frequency subblock or a 20 MHz or 40 MHz or 80 MHz subblock index within an 80 MHz bandwidth, N represents an 80 MHz frequency subblock index in a wide bandwidth, k dRU represents a dRU subcarrier index for a dRU on a 20 MHz, 40 MHz or 80 MHz bandwidth, k dRU_M_N represents a dRU subcarrier index on the Mth 20 MHz or 40 MHz or 80 MHz subblock of the Nth 80 MHz frequency subblock in a wide bandwidth, K shift1 (M) represents a constant offset value for an 80 MHz frequency subblock or the Mth 20 MHz or 40 MHz subblock within an 80 MHz bandwidth, K shift2 (N) represents a constant offset value for the Nth 80 MHz frequency subblock in an 80 MHz or 160 MHz or 320 MHz wide bandwidth. In some embodiments, the value of K shift1 (M) can include: (a) [-380, -133, 132, 379] in the case of an 80 MHz frequency subblock or each frequency subblock within an 80 MHz bandwidth having a size of 20 MHz, K shift1 (M) can include [-256, 256] in the case of an 80 MHz frequency subblock or each frequency subblock within an 80 MHz bandwidth having a size of 40 MHz, K shift1 (M) can include [-256, 256] in the case of an 80 MHz frequency subblock or each frequency subblock within an 80 MHz bandwidth having a size of 40 MHz, K shift1 (M) can be 0. In some embodiments, the value of K shift2 (N) can include: (a) [-512, 512] in the case of a wide bandwidth of 80 MHz, K shift2 (N) can be 0 in the case of a wide bandwidth of 160 MHz, K shift2 (N) can include [-512, 512] in the case of a wide bandwidth of 80 MHz, K shift2 (N) can include [-1536, -512, 512, 1536].

[0088] In some embodiments, the subcarriers of a RU can be distributed across the frequency sub-blocks by applying a constant offset to a 26-tone, 52-tone, or 106-tone dRU on a 20 MHz bandwidth. In this case, the data and pilot subcarrier indices for a 26-tone-dRU on a 20 MHz bandwidth can include the data and pilot subcarrier indices for 26-tone dRUs in [-120:9:-12, 6:9:114] for 26-tone dRU 1, [-116:9:-8, 10:9:118] for 26-tone dRU 2, [-118:9:-10, 8:9:116] for 26-tone dRU 3, [-114:9:-6, 12:9:120] for 26-tone dRU 4, [-112:9:-4, 5:9:113] for 26-tone dRU 5, [-119:9:-11, 7:9:115] for 26-tone dRU 6, [-115:9:-7, 11:9:119] for 26-tone dRU 7, [-117:9:-9, 9:9:117] for 26-tone dRU 8, and [-113:9:-5, 4:9:112] for 26-tone dRU 9. Also, the data and pilot subcarrier indices for a 52-tone-dRU on a 20 MHz bandwidth can include the data and pilot subcarrier indices for 52-tone dRUs in 26-tone [dRU 1, dRU 2] for 52-tone dRU 1, 26-tone [dRU 3, dRU 4] for 52-tone dRU 2, 26-tone [dRU 6, dRU 7] for 52-tone dRU 3, and 26-tone [dRU 8, dRU 9] for 52-tone dRU 4. Furthermore, the data and pilot subcarrier indices for a 106-tone-dRU on a 20 MHz bandwidth can include the data and pilot subcarrier indices for 106-tone dRUs in 26-tone [dRU 1-dRU 4], [-3, 3] for 106-tone dRU 1, and 26-tone [dRU 6-dRU 9], [-2, 2] for 106-tone dRU 2.

[0089] In some embodiments, the subcarriers of the RU are distributed across the frequency sub-blocks by applying a constant offset to the 26-tone, 52-tone, 106-tone, or 242-tone dRUs over the 40 MHz bandwidth. In this case, the data and pilot subcarrier indices for the 26-tone dRUs over the 40 MHz bandwidth can include [-242:18:-26, 10:18:226] for 26-tone dRU 1, [-233:18:-17, 19:18:235] for 26-tone dRU 2, [-238:18:-22, 14:18:230] for 26-tone dRU 3, [-229:18:-13, 23:18:239] for 26-tone dRU 4, [-225:18:-9, 27:18:243] for 26-tone dRU 5, [-240:18:-24, 12:18:228] for 26-tone dRU 6, [-231:18:-15, 21:18:237] for 26-tone dRU 7, [-236:18:-20, 16:18:232] for 26-tone dRU 8, [-227:18:-11, 25:18:241] for 26-tone dRU 9, [-241:18:-25, 11:18:227] for 26-tone dRU 10, [-232:18:-16, 20:18:236] for 26-tone dRU 11, [-237:18:-21, 15:18:231] for 26-tone dRU 12, [-228:18:-12, 24:18:240] for 26-tone dRU 13, [-234:18:-18, 18:18:234] for 26-tone dRU 14, [-239:18:-23, 13:18:229] for 26-tone dRU 15, [-230:18:-14, 22:18:238] for 26-tone dRU 16, [-235:18:-19, 17:18:233] for 26-tone dRU 17, and [-226:18:-10, 26:18:242] for 26-tone dRU 18.Moreover, data and pilot subcarrier indices for 52-tone dRUs on a 40 MHz bandwidth can include: data and pilot subcarrier indices for 52-tone dRU 1 of [-242:9:-17, 10:9:235], for 52-tone dRU 2 of [-238:9:-13, 14:9:239], for 52-tone dRU 3 of [-240:9:-15, 12:9:237], for 52-tone dRU 4 of [-236:9:-11, 16:9:241], for 52-tone dRU 5 of [-241:9:-16, 11:9:236], for 52-tone dRU 6 of [-237:9:-12, 15:9:240], for 52-tone dRU 7 of [-239:9:-14, 13:9:238], and for 52-tone dRU 8 of [-235:9:-10, 17:9:242]. Moreover, data and pilot subcarrier indices for 106-tone dRUs on a 40 MHz bandwidth can include: data and pilot subcarrier indices for 106-tone dRU 1 of 26-tone [dRU 1 ~dRU 4], [-8, 5], for 106-tone dRU 2 of 26-tone [dRU 6 ~dRU 9], [-6, 7], for 106-tone dRU 3 of 26-tone [dRU 10 ~dRU 13], [-7, 6], for 106-tone dRU 4 of 26-tone [dRU 15 ~dRU 18], [-5, 8], where data and pilot subcarrier indices for 242-tone dRUs on a 40 MHz bandwidth include: data and pilot subcarrier indices for 242-tone dRU 1 of 106-tone [dRU 1 ~dRU 2], 26-tone dRU 5, [-244, -4, 3, 9], and for 242-tone dRU 2 of 106-tone [dRU 3 ~dRU 4], 26-tone dRU 14, [-243, -3, 4, 244].

[0090] In some embodiments, the subcarrier distribution of the RUs can be distributed across the frequency sub-blocks by applying a constant offset to the 52-tone, 106-tone, 242-tone, or 484-tone dRUs on an 80 MHz bandwidth. In this case, the data and pilot subcarrier indices for a 52-tone dRU on an 80 MHz bandwidth can include [-483:36:-51, 17:36:449] for 52-tone dRU 1, [-467:36:-35, 33:36:465] for 52-tone dRU 2, [-475:36:-43, 25:36:457] for 52-tone dRU 3, [-459:36:-27, 41:36:473] for 52-tone dRU 4, [-479:36:-47, 21:36:453] for 52-tone dRU 5, [-463:36:-31, 37:36:469] for 52-tone dRU 6, [-471:36:-39, 29:36:461] for 52-tone dRU 7, [-455:36:-23, 45:36:477] for 52-tone dRU 8, [-477:36:-45, 23:36:455] for 52-tone dRU 9, [-461:36:-29, 39:36:471] for 52-tone dRU 10, [-469:36:-37, 31:36:463] for 52-tone dRU 11, [-453:36:-21, 47:36:479] for 52-tone dRU 12, [-481:36:-49, 19:36:451] for 52-tone dRU 13, [-465:36:-33, 35:36:467] for 52-tone dRU 14, [-473:36:-41, 27:36:459] for 52-tone dRU 15, [-457:36:-25, 43:36:475] for 52-tone dRU 16, [-482:36:-50, 18:36:450] for 52-tone dRU 17, [-466:36:-34, 34:36:466] for 52-tone dRU 18, [-474:36:-42, 26:36:458] for 52-tone dRU 19, [-458:36:-26, 42:36:474] for 52-tone dRU 20, [-478:36:-46, 22:36:454] for 52-tone dRU 21, [-462:36:-30, 38:36:470] for 52-tone dRU 22, [-470:36:-38, 30:36:462] for 52-tone dRU 23, [-454:36:-22, 46:36:478] for 52-tone dRU 24, [-476:36:-44, 24:36:456] for 52-tone dRU 25, [-460:36:-28, 40:36:472] for 52-tone dRU 26, [-468:36:-36, 32:36:464] for 52-tone dRU 27, [-452:36:-20, 48:36:480] for 52-tone dRU 28, [-480:36:-48, 20:36:452] for 52-tone dRU 29, and[-464:36:-32, 36:36:468] and data and pilot subcarrier indices for 26-tone dRUs in [-472:36:-40, 28:36:460], [-456:36:-24, 44:36:476] for 52-tone dRU16. Also, data and pilot subcarrier indices for 106-tone dRUs on an 80 MHz bandwidth can include: 52-tone [dRU1~dRU2], [-495, 485] for 106-tone dRU1, 52-tone [dRU3~dRU4], [-491, 489] for 106-tone dRU2, 52-tone [dRU5~dRU6], [-489, 491] for 106-tone dRU3, 52-tone [dRU7~dRU8], [-493, 487] for 106-tone dRU4, 52-tone [dRU9~dRU10], [-494, 486] for 106-tone dRU5, 52-tone [dRU11~dRU12], [-490, 490] for 106-tone dRU6, 52-tone [dRU13~dRU14], [-488, 492] for 106-tone dRU7, and 52-tone [dRU15~dRU16], [-492, 488] for 106-tone dRU8. Also, data and pilot subcarrier indices for 242-tone dRUs on an 80 MHz bandwidth can include: [-499:4:-19, 17:4:497] for 242-tone dRU1, [-497:4:-17, 19:4:499] for 242-tone dRU2, [-498:4:-18, 18:4:498] for 242-tone dRU3, and [-496:4:-16, 20:4:500] for 242-tone dRU4. Also, data and pilot subcarrier indices for 484-tone dRUs on an 80 MHz bandwidth can include: [-499:2:-17, 17:2:499] for 484-tone dRU1 and [-498:2:-16, 18:2:500] for 484-tone dRU2.

[0091] Under another proposed scheme according to the present disclosure regarding dRU design on frequency sub-chunks for wide bandwidth PPDU in 6 GHz LPI systems, the processor 3012 of the apparatus 3010 can generate a dRU, where subcarriers of the dRU are distributed on frequency sub-chunks in two or more frequency sub-chunks within a bandwidth. Further, the processor 3012 can communicate with the apparatus 3020 using the dRU through the transceiver 3016.

[0092] In some embodiments, the dRU can be generated on: (a) a 20 MHz frequency sub-block within a bandwidth of 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or 320 MHz, or (b) a 40 MHz frequency sub-block within a bandwidth of 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or 320 MHz, or (c) an 80 MHz frequency sub-block within a bandwidth of 160 MHz or 320 MHz, or (d) a 160 MHz frequency sub-block within a bandwidth of 320 MHz.

[0093] In some embodiments, the tone index of the dRU can be expressed as: dRU = Tone - Range(dTP). In this case, Tone-Range represents the tone range on each frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks, and is sub-block dependent, and dTP represents a positive integer index table representing the tone distribution pattern. In some embodiments, Tone-Range can include: (a) [-500:-259] for a first 20 MHz frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks within an 80 MHz bandwidth; (b) [-253:-12] for a second 20 MHz frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks within an 80 MHz bandwidth; (c) [12:253] for a third 20 MHz frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks within an 80 MHz bandwidth; (d) [259:500] for a fourth 20 MHz frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks within an 80 MHz bandwidth. BW20+ (-K1st_bw20+K1st). In this case, dRU BW20 represents the dRU sub-carrier index on a 20 MHz bandwidth or frequency sub-block or segment, K1st represents the first left-side tone of each frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks and is sub-block dependent, and K1st_bw20 represents the first left-side tone of the entire dRU table on a 20 MHz bandwidth or frequency sub-block or segment. In some embodiments, the value of K1st can include: (a) -500 for a first 20 MHz frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks within an 80 MHz bandwidth; (b) -253 for a second 20 MHz frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks within an 80 MHz bandwidth; (c) 12 for a third 20 MHz frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks within an 80 MHz bandwidth; (d) 259 for a fourth 20 MHz frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks within an 80 MHz bandwidth.

[0094] In some embodiments, the tone index of the dRU can be expressed as: dRU = Tone - Range(dTP). In this case, Tone-Range represents the tone range on each frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks, and is sub-block dependent, and dTP represents a positive integer index table representing the tone distribution pattern. In some embodiments, Tone-Range can include: (a) [-500:-259] for a first 20 MHz frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks within an 80 MHz bandwidth; (b) [-253:-12] for a second 20 MHz frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks within an 80 MHz bandwidth; (c) [12:253] for a third 20 MHz frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks within an 80 MHz bandwidth; (d) [259:500] for a fourth 20 MHz frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks within an 80 MHz bandwidth.

[0095] In some embodiments, the tone index of the dRU can be expressed as: k = K1st + ktd In this case, k represents the tone index of the dRU, K1st represents the first left tone of each of one or more frequency subblocks and is subblock dependent, and ktd represents the tone distribution pattern K td (r,k)=RU start (r)+l i +j*N p . Moreover, i=0,1,2,...,L–1;j=0,1,2,…, k=0,1,2,...,N st_ru –1; r=1,2,...,N ru , where r is the logical resource unit (RU) index; l i ∈Ω ru ={l0,l1,...,l L-1}; L = |Ω ru │; For 26-tone, 52-tone, 106-tone, 242-tone, 484-tone, or 996-tone RU, N st_ru They are 26, 52, 106, 242, 484, and 996 respectively. Moreover, RU start (r) represents the first or starting tone index of dRUr, l i Indicates a repetition distance or a repetition period of tone, N p Indicates the repetition distance or repetition period, L indicates the number of tones in a repetition distance or a repetition period, N st_ru Indicates the number of subcarriers of dRU, and Nru indicates the number of RUs of a given RU size in a given bandwidth.

[0096] In some implementations, a predetermined number of DC tones are retained near the center of each of the one or more frequency sub-blocks.

[0097] Illustrative Process

[0098] Figure 31 An example process 3100 is shown according to an embodiment of the present invention. Process 3100 may represent one aspect of implementing the various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems and methods described above. More specifically, process 3100 may represent one aspect of the proposed concepts and schemes related to the design of dRUs on frequency sub-blocks of wide bandwidth PPDUs in a 6 GHz LPI system according to the present invention. Process 3100 may include one or more operations, actions or functions as shown in one or more of blocks 3110 and 3120. Although shown as discrete blocks, the various blocks of process 3100 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or deleted, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks / sub-blocks of process 3100 may be arranged in Figure 31The order in which the operations are executed, or the order in which the operations are described, should not be construed as a limitation. Further, one or more of the blocks / sub-blocks of the process 3100 can be repeated or iterated. The process 3100 can be implemented by or in the apparatuses 3010 and 3020 and any variants thereof. For illustrative purposes and not limiting in scope, the process 3100 is described in the context of the apparatus 3010 as a communication entity 110 (e.g., a transmitting device whether a STA or an AP) of a wireless network (e.g., a WLAN) in accordance with one or more IEEE 802.11 standards and the apparatus 3020 as a communication entity 120 (e.g., a receiving device whether a STA or an AP). The process 3100 can begin at block 3110.

[0099] At 3110, the process 3100 can involve the processor 3012 of the apparatus 3010 generating a PPDU. Wherein subcarriers of a RU of the PPDU are distributed across frequency subblocks of a plurality of frequency subblocks of a wide bandwidth. The process 3100 can proceed from 3110 to 3120.

[0100] At 3120, the process 3100 can involve the processor 3012 transmitting the PPDU (e.g., to the apparatus 3020) over the wide bandwidth via the transceiver 3016.

[0101] In some implementations, each of the plurality of frequency subblocks can be a 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz frequency subblock. Further, the wide bandwidth can be an 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or 320 MHz bandwidth. Also, the distribution of the subcarriers of the RU across the frequency subblocks can be by applying a constant offset to a dRU on a 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz bandwidth.

[0102] In some implementations, the distribution of the subcarriers of the RU across the frequency subblocks can be expressed as: k dRU_i = k dRU + K shift (i). In this case, k dRU denotes a dRU subcarrier index for a dRU on a 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz bandwidth, k dRU_i denotes a dRU subcarrier index on the ith frequency subblock, K shift (i) denotes a value of the constant offset, and i denotes a frequency subblock index of the plurality of frequency subblocks. In some implementations, (a) in the case of each frequency subblock being 20 MHz in size, the value of K shift (i) can include 120 + K1st, (b) in the case of each frequency subblock being 40 MHz in size, the value of K shift (i) can include 244 + K1st, (c) in the case of each frequency subblock being 80 MHz in size, the value of Kshift The value of (i) can include 500 + K1st. Also, K1st represents a corresponding starting tone index of a frequency subblock i of size 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz. In some embodiments, in response to a wide bandwidth of 80 MHz, K1st = 0. shift The value of (i) can include: (a) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 20 MHz, K1st = 0, (b) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 40 MHz, K1st = [-380, -133, 132, 379], and (c) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 80 MHz, K1st = [-256, 256]. shift The value of (i) can include: (a) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 20 MHz, K1st = 0, (b) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 40 MHz, K1st = [-380, -133, 132, 379], and (c) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 80 MHz, K1st = [-256, 256]. shift The value of (i) can include: (a) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 20 MHz, K1st = 0, (b) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 40 MHz, K1st = [-380, -133, 132, 379], and (c) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 80 MHz, K1st = [-256, 256]. shift The value of (i) can include 0. In some embodiments, in response to a wide bandwidth of 160 MHz, K1st = 0. shift The value of (i) can include: (a) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 20 MHz, K1st = 0, (b) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 40 MHz, K1st = [-380, -133, 132, 379], and (c) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 80 MHz, K1st = [-256, 256]. shift The value of (i) can include: (a) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 20 MHz, K1st = 0, (b) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 40 MHz, K1st = [-380, -133, 132, 379], and (c) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 80 MHz, K1st = [-256, 256]. shift The value of (i) can include: (a) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 20 MHz, K1st = 0, (b) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 40 MHz, K1st = [-380, -133, 132, 379], and (c) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 80 MHz, K1st = [-256, 256]. shift The value of (i) can include: (a) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 20 MHz, K1st = 0, (b) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 40 MHz, K1st = [-380, -133, 132, 379], and (c) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 80 MHz, K1st = [-256, 256]. shift The value of (i) can include: (a) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 20 MHz, K1st = 0, (b) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 40 MHz, K1st = [-380, -133, 132, 379], and (c) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 80 MHz, K1st = [-256, 256]. shift The value of (i) can include: (a) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 20 MHz, K1st = 0, (b) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 40 MHz, K1st = [-380, -133, 132, 379], and (c) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 80 MHz, K1st = [-256, 256]. shift The value of (i) can include: (a) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 20 MHz, K1st = 0, (b) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 40 MHz, K1st = [-380, -133, 132, 379], and (c) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 80 MHz, K1st = [-256, 256]. shift The value of (i) can include: (a) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 20 MHz, K1st = 0, (b) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 40 MHz, K1st = [-380, -133, 132, 379], and (c) in case the size of each frequency subblock is 80 MHz, K1st = [-256, 256].

[0103] In some embodiments, the distribution of subcarriers of an RU over a frequency subblock can be expressed as: k dRU_M_N = k dRU + K shift1 (M) + Kshift2 (N). In this case, M denotes an 80 MHz frequency sub-block or a 20 MHz or 40 MHz or 80 MHz sub-block index within an 80 MHz bandwidth, N denotes an 80 MHz frequency sub-block index in a wide bandwidth, k dRU denotes a dRU subcarrier index for a dRU on a 20 MHz, 40 MHz or 80 MHz bandwidth, k dRU_M_N denotes a dRU subcarrier index on the Mth 20 MHz or 40 MHz or 80 MHz sub-block of the Nth 80 MHz frequency sub-block in a wide bandwidth, k shift1 (M) denotes a constant offset value for the Mth 20 MHz or 40 MHz sub-block within an 80 MHz frequency or within an 80 MHz bandwidth, k shift2 (N) denotes a constant offset value for the Nth 80 MHz frequency sub-block in a wide bandwidth of 80 MHz or 160 MHz or 320 MHz. In some embodiments, k shift1 The value of (M) can include: (a) in the case of each frequency sub-block of 80 MHz frequency sub-block or within an 80 MHz bandwidth having a size of 20 MHz, k shift1 The value of (M) can include [-380, -133, 132, 379], (b) in the case of each frequency sub-block of 80 MHz frequency sub-block or within an 80 MHz bandwidth having a size of 40 MHz, k shift1 The value of (M) can include [-256, 256] and (c) in the case of each frequency sub-block having a size or bandwidth of 80 MHz, k shift1 The value of (M) can include 0. In some embodiments, (a) in the case of a wide bandwidth of 80 MHz, k shift2 The value of (N) can include 0, (b) in the case of a wide bandwidth of 160 MHz, k shift2 The value of (N) can include [-512, 512], and (c) in the case of a wide bandwidth of 320 MHz, k shift2The values of (N) can include [-1536, -512, 512, 1536]. In some embodiments, the RU subcarriers are distributed across the frequency block by applying a constant offset to a 26-tone, 52-tone, or 106-tone dRU on a 20 MHz bandwidth. In this case, the data and pilot subcarrier indices for a 26-tone dRU on a 20 MHz bandwidth can include [-120:9:-12, 6:9:114] for 26-tone dRU 1, [-116:9:-8, 10:9:118] for 26-tone dRU 2, [-118:9:-10, 8:9:116] for 26-tone dRU 3, [-114:9:-6, 12:9:120] for 26-tone dRU 4, [-112:9:-4, 5:9:113] for 26-tone dRU 5, [-119:9:-11, 7:9:115] for 26-tone dRU 6, [-115:9:-7, 11:9:119] for 26-tone dRU 7, [-117:9:-9, 9:9:117] for 26-tone dRU 8, and [-113:9:-5, 4:9:112] for 26-tone dRU 9. Also, the data and pilot subcarrier indices for a 52-tone dRU on a 20 MHz bandwidth can include 26-tone [dRU 1, dRU 2] for 52-tone dRU 1, 26-tone [dRU 3, dRU 4] for 52-tone dRU 2, 26-tone [dRU 6, dRU 7] for 52-tone dRU 3, and 26-tone [dRU 8, dRU 9] for 52-tone dRU 4. Also, the data and pilot subcarrier indices for a 106-tone dRU on a 20 MHz bandwidth can include 26-tone [dRU 1-dRU 4], [-3, 3] for 106-tone dRU 1, and 26-tone [dRU 6-dRU 9], [-2, 2] for 106-tone dRU 2.

[0104] In some embodiments, the RU subcarriers are distributed across the frequency block by applying a constant offset to the 26-tone, 52-tone, 106-tone dRUs, or 242-tone dRUs over a 40 MHz bandwidth. In this case, the data and pilot subcarrier indices for a 26-tone dRU over a 40 MHz bandwidth can include [-242:18:-26, 10:18:226] for 26-tone dRU1, [-233:18:-17, 19:18:235] for 26-tone dRU2, [-238:18:-22, 14:18:230] for 26-tone dRU3, [-229:18:-13, 23:18:239] for 26-tone dRU4, [-225:18:-9, 27:18:243] for 26-tone dRU5, [-240:18:-24, 12:18:228] for 26-tone dRU6, [-231:18:-15, 21:18:237] for 26-tone dRU7, [-236:18:-20, 16:18:232] for 26-tone dRU8, [-227:18:-11, 25:18:241] for 26-tone dRU9, [-241:18:-25, 11:18:227] for 26-tone dRU10, [-232:18:-16, 20:18:236] for 26-tone dRU11, [-237:18:-21, 15:18:231] for 26-tone dRU12, [-228:18:-12, 24:18:240] for 26-tone dRU13, [-234:18:-18, 18:18:234] for 26-tone dRU14, [-239:18:-23, 13:18:229] for 26-tone dRU15, [-230:18:-14, 22:18:238] for 26-tone dRU16, [-235:18:-19, 17:18:233] for 26-tone dRU17, and [-226:18:-10, 26:18:242] for 26-tone dRU18.Moreover, data and pilot subcarrier indices for 52-tone dRUs on a 40 MHz bandwidth can include [-242:9:-17, 10:9:235] for 52-tone dRU 1, [-238:9:-13, 14:9:239] for 52-tone dRU 2, [-240:9:-15, 12:9:237] for 52-tone dRU 3, [-236:9:-11, 16:9:241] for 52-tone dRU 4, [-241:9:-16, 11:9:236] for 52-tone dRU 5, [-237:9:-12, 15:9:240] for 52-tone dRU 6, [-239:9:-14, 13:9:238] for 52-tone dRU 7, and [-235:9:-10, 17:9:242] for 52-tone dRU 8. Moreover, data and pilot subcarrier indices for 106-tone dRUs on a 40 MHz bandwidth can include 26-tone [dRU 1 ~ dRU 4], [-8, 5] for 106-tone dRU 1, 26-tone [dRU 6 ~ dRU 9], [-6, 7] for 106-tone dRU 2, 26-tone [dRU 10 ~ dRU 13], [-7, 6] for 106-tone dRU 3, and 26-tone [dRU 15 ~ dRU 18], [-5, 8] for 106-tone dRU 4. Data and pilot subcarrier indices for 242-tone dRUs on a 40 MHz bandwidth include 106-tone [dRU 1 ~ dRU 2], 26-tone dRU 5, [-244, -4, 3, 9] for 242-tone dRU 1, and 106-tone [dRU 3 ~ dRU 4], 26-tone dRU 14, [-243, -3, 4, 244] for 242-tone dRU 2.

[0105] In some embodiments, subcarriers of a RU can be distributed across a frequency block by applying a constant offset to a 52-tone, 106-tone, 242-tone, or 484-tone dRU on an 80 MHz bandwidth. In this case, data and pilot subcarrier indices for a 52-tone dRU on an 80 MHz bandwidth can include [-483:36:-51, 17:36:449] for 52-tone dRU 1, [-467:36:-35, 33:36:465] for 52-tone dRU 2, [-475:36:-43, 25:36:457] for 52-tone dRU 3, [-459:36:-27, 41:36:473] for 52-tone dRU 4, [-479:36:-47, 21:36:453] for 52-tone dRU 5, [-463:36:-31, 37:36:469] for 52-tone dRU 6, [-471:36:-39, 29:36:461] for 52-tone dRU 7, [-455:36:-23, 45:36:477] for 52-tone dRU 8, [-477:36:-45, 23:36:455] for 52-tone dRU 9, [-461:36:-29, 39:36:471] for 52-tone dRU 10, [-469:36:-37, 31:36:463] for 52-tone dRU 11, [-453:36:-21, 47:36:479] for 52-tone dRU 12, [-481:36:-49, 19:36:451] for 52-tone dRU 13, [-465:36:-33, 35:36:467] for 52-tone dRU 14, [-473:36:-41, 27:36:459] for 52-tone dRU 15, [-457:36:-25, 43:36:475] for 52-tone dRU 16, [-482:36:-50, 18:36:450] for 52-tone dRU 17, [-466:36:-34, 34:36:466] for 52-tone dRU 18, [-474:36:-42, 26:36:458] for 52-tone dRU 19, [-458:36:-26, 42:36:474] for 52-tone dRU 20, [-478:36:-46, 22:36:454] for 52-tone dRU 21, [-462:36:-30, 38:36:470] for 52-tone dRU 22, [-470:36:-38, 30:36:462] for 52-tone dRU 23, [-454:36:-22, 46:36:478] for 52-tone dRU 24, [-476:36:-44, 24:36:456] for 52-tone dRU 25, [-460:36:-28, 40:36:472] for 52-tone dRU 26, [-468:36:-36, 32:36:464] for 52-tone dRU 27, [-452:36:-20, 48:36:480] for 52-tone dRU 28, [-480:36:-48, 20:36:452] for 52-tone dRU 29, and[-464:36:-32, 36:36:468] and [-472:36:-40, 28:36:460], [-456:36:-24, 44:36:476] for 52-tone dRU16. Also, data and pilot subcarrier indices for 106-tone dRUs on an 80 MHz bandwidth can include: 52-tone [dRU1~dRU2], [-495, 485] for 106-tone dRU1, 52-tone [dRU3~dRU4], [-491, 489] for 106-tone dRU2, 52-tone [dRU5~dRU6], [-489, 491] for 106-tone dRU3, 52-tone [dRU7~dRU8], [-493, 487] for 106-tone dRU4, 52-tone [dRU9~dRU10], [-494, 486] for 106-tone dRU5, 52-tone [dRU11~dRU12], [-490, 490] for 106-tone dRU6, 52-tone [dRU13~dRU14], [-488, 492] for 106-tone dRU7, and 52-tone [dRU15~dRU16], [-492, 488] for 106-tone dRU8. Further, data and pilot subcarrier indices for 242-tone dRUs on an 80 MHz bandwidth can include: [-499:4:-19, 17:4:497] for 242-tone dRU1, [-497:4:-17, 19:4:499] for 242-tone dRU2, [-498:4:-18, 18:4:498] for 242-tone dRU3, and [-496:4:-16, 20:4:500] for 242-tone dRU4. Also, data and pilot subcarrier indices for 484-tone dRUs on an 80 MHz bandwidth can include: [-499:2:-17, 17:2:499] for 484-tone dRU1 and [-498:2:-16, 18:2:500] for 484-tone dRU2.

[0106] Figure 32An example process 3200 is shown in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Process 3200 may represent one aspect of implementing the various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems, and methods described above. More specifically, process 3200 may represent one aspect of the proposed concepts and schemes related to the design of dRUs on frequency sub-blocks of wide bandwidth PPDUs in a 6 GHz LPI system in accordance with the present invention. Process 3200 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as shown in one or more of blocks 3210 and 3220. Although shown as discrete blocks, the various blocks of process 3200 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Furthermore, the blocks / sub-blocks of process 3200 may be arranged in Figure 32 3100 may be performed in the order shown, or in a different order. Furthermore, one or more blocks / subblocks of process 3200 may be performed repeatedly or iteratively. Process 3200 may be implemented by or in apparatus 3010 and apparatus 3020, and any variants thereof. For illustrative purposes only and without limiting the scope, process 3100 is described in the context of apparatus 3010 as a communication entity 110 (e.g., a transmitting device, whether a STA or an AP) and apparatus 3020 as a receiving device, whether a STA or an AP, of a wireless network (e.g., a WLAN) in accordance with one or more IEEE 802.11 standards. Process 3200 may begin at block 3210.

[0107] At 3210 , process 3200 may involve processor 3012 of apparatus 3010 generating a dRU, wherein subcarriers of the dRU are distributed across frequency subblocks of two or more frequency subblocks in a bandwidth.

[0108] At 3220 , process 3200 may involve processor 3012 communicating with device 3020 using a dRU via transceiver 3016 .

[0109] In some embodiments, the dRU may be generated on the following frequency sub-blocks: (a) a 20 MHz frequency sub-block with a bandwidth of 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or 320 MHz, or (b) a 40 MHz frequency sub-block with a bandwidth of 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or 320 MHz, or (c) an 80 MHz frequency sub-block with a bandwidth of 160 MHz or 320 MHz, or (d) a 160 MHz frequency sub-block with a bandwidth of 320 MHz.

[0110] In some embodiments, the tone index of dRU can be expressed as: dRU BW20 +(-K1st_bw20+K1st). In this case, dRUBW20 K1st + k represents the first left-hand side tone of each frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks and is sub-block dependent, and K1st_bw20 represents the first left-hand side tone of the entire dRU table on a 20 MHz bandwidth or frequency sub-block or segment. In some embodiments, the value of K1st can include: (a) -500 for a first 20 MHz frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks in an 80 MHz bandwidth; (b) -253 for a second 20 MHz frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks in an 80 MHz bandwidth; (c) 12 for a third 20 MHz frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks in an 80 MHz bandwidth; (d) 259 for a fourth 20 MHz frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks in an 80 MHz bandwidth.

[0111] In some embodiments, the tone index of a dRU can be represented as: dRU = Tone - Range(dTP). In this case, Tone - Range represents a tone range on each frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks and is sub-block dependent, and dTP represents a positive integer index table representing a tone distribution pattern. In some embodiments, the tone range can include: (a) [-500:-259] for a first 20 MHz frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks in an 80 MHz bandwidth; (b) [-253:-12] for a second 20 MHz frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks in an 80 MHz bandwidth; (c) [12:253] for a third 20 MHz frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks in an 80 MHz bandwidth; (d) [259:500] for a fourth 20 MHz frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks in an 80 MHz bandwidth.

[0112] In some embodiments, the tone index of a dRU can be represented as: k = K1st + k td In this case, k represents the tone index of a dRU, K1st represents the first left-hand side tone of each frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks and is sub-block dependent, and k td K1st + k represents the first left-hand side tone of each frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks and is sub-block dependent, and K1st_bw20 represents the first left-hand side tone of the entire dRU table on a 20 MHz bandwidth or frequency sub-block or segment. In some embodiments, the value of K1st can include: (a) -500 for a first 20 MHz frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks in an 80 MHz bandwidth; (b) -253 for a second 20 MHz frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks in an 80 MHz bandwidth; (c) 12 for a third 20 MHz frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks in an 80 MHz bandwidth; (d) 259 for a fourth 20 MHz frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks in an 80 MHz bandwidth. td (r,k) = RU start (r) + 1 i + j*N p In addition, i = 0, 1, 2,..., L - 1; j = 0, 1, 2,..., N - 1; r = 1, 2,..., N - 1. k = 0, 1, 2,..., N - 1; r = 1, 2,..., N - 1. st_ru In addition, i = 0, 1, 2,..., L - 1; j = 0, 1, 2,..., N - 1; r = 1, 2,..., N - 1. ru where r is a logical resource unit (RU) index; l iΩru= {l0, l1,..., l L-1}; L = |Ω ru |; for 26-tone, 52-tone, 106-tone, 242-tone, 484-tone, or 996-tone RUs, N st_ru equals 26, 52, 106, 242, 484, 996, respectively. Also, RU start (r) denotes the first or starting tone index of dRUr, l i denotes a tone within a repetition distance or a repetition period, N p denotes a repetition distance or a repetition period, L denotes a number of tones within a repetition distance or a repetition period, N st_ru denotes a number of subcarriers of dRU, N ru denotes a number of RUs of a given size in a given bandwidth.

[0113] In some implementations, a predetermined number of DC tones are reserved around the center of each frequency sub-block of one or more frequency sub-blocks.

[0114] Additional Description

[0115] The herein described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, other distinct components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermediate components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected", or "operably coupled", to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being "operably couplable", to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and / or physically interacting components and / or wirelessly interactable and / or wirelessly interacting components and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactable components.

[0116] Furthermore, with respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate the concurrency to singular and / or plural, and vice versa, as is appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations can be explicitly set forth herein for sake of clarity.

[0117] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the terms commonly used herein, and in particular the terms used in the appended claims, such as the subject matter of the appended claims, are generally intended as "open" terms (e.g., the term "comprising" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to," the term "including" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to," the term "having" should be interpreted as "having at least," and the like). Those skilled in the art will further understand that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the use of any of these terms in the appended claims should not be construed to limit the specific claims any more than is expressly stated in the claims. For example, to aid in the understanding of the claims, the use of the articles "a" and "an" are intended to mean "one or more" in the appended claims unless otherwise specifically stated. For example, the use of the articles "a" and "an" in the claims are to be construed as "one or more" unless otherwise specifically stated in the claims. Similarly, the use of the definite article "the" in the claims is to be construed as "the or more" unless otherwise specifically stated in the claims. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the use of the article "the" in the appended claims is not intended to be limiting but rather is intended to mean "at least one" or "one or more." For example, the use of the article "the" in the claims is to be construed as "at least one" or "one or more" unless otherwise specifically stated in the claims. Also, those skilled in the art will appreciate that, unless the context of a claim expressly requires otherwise, use of the phrase "at least one of A and B" in the claims is intended to mean the at least one of A or B or A and B. For example, the phrase "at least one of A and B" in the claims is to be construed as "at least one of A or B or A and B" unless otherwise specifically stated in the claims. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that, unless the context of a claim expressly requires otherwise, use of the phrase "at least one of A, B, and C" in the claims is intended to mean the at least one of A or B or C or A and B or A and C or B and C or A and B and C. For example, the phrase "at least one of A, B, and C" in the claims is to be construed as "at least one of A or B or C or A and B or A and C or B and C or A and B and C" unless otherwise specifically stated in the claims. Those skilled in the art will further understand that any disjunctive word and / or phrase, such as "among other", "other", "including", "including but not limited to", and the like, when used in the description or claims, should be read to mean one of, any of or both of the listed items and that only the limitations present in the claims should be read into the specification. For example, the phrase "A, B, or C, among other things" should be read to mean "A or B or C or A and B or A and C or B and C or A and B and C, among other things".

[0118] From the above, it is to be understood that various embodiments of the application have been described in this disclosure, and that modifications can be made to such embodiments without departing from the scope and spirit of the application. The various embodiments disclosed herein are not meant to be limiting, but rather the true scope and spirit of the application are defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A communication method characterized by comprising: comprises: generating a physical layer protocol data unit, PPDU, and transmitting the PPDU using resource units, RUs, of subcarriers on a wide bandwidth using frequency subblocks distributed across the wide bandwidth, wherein each of the plurality of frequency subblocks comprises a 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz frequency subblock, wherein the wide bandwidth comprises an 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or 320 MHz bandwidth, and wherein the subcarriers of the RUs are distributed across the frequency subblocks by applying a constant offset to distributed tone resource units, dRUs, on a 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz bandwidth; wherein the distribution of the subcarriers of the RUs across the frequency subblocks is represented as: k dRU_i = k dRU + k shift (i) k dRU dRU subcarrier index for the dRU on a 20MHz, 40MHz, or 80MHz bandwidth, k dRU_i denotes the dRU subcarrier index on the i-th frequency sub-block, K shift (i) a value representing the constant offset, and i represents an index of a frequency subblock of the plurality of frequency subblocks.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, K shift The values of (i) include: 120 + K1st in case the size of each frequency subblock is 20 MHz, 244 + K1st in case the size of each frequency subblock is 40 MHz, 500 + K1st in case the size of each frequency subblock is 80 MHz, wherein K1st represents the corresponding starting tone index of frequency subblock i of size 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, in response to the wide bandwidth being 80 MHz, In case the size of each frequency sub-block is 20MHz, K shift The values of (i) include values in [-380, -133, 132, 379] In case the size of each frequency sub-block is 40MHz, K shift The values of (i) include values in [-256, 256], In case the size of each frequency sub-block is 80MHz, K shift The value of (i) includes 0.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, in response to the wide bandwidth being 160 MHz, In case the size of each frequency sub-block is 20MHz, K shift The values of (i) include values in [-892, -645, -380, -133, 132, 379, 644, 891] In case the size of each frequency sub-block is 40MHz, K shift The values of (i) include values in [-768, -256, 256, 768] K = 2 for each frequency sub-block size of 80 MHz shift The values of (i) include values in [-512, 512].

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, in response to the wide bandwidth being 320 MHz, In case the size of each frequency sub-block is 20MHz, K shift The values of (i) include values in [-1916, -1669, -1404, -1157, -892, -645, -380, -133, 132, 379, 644, 891, 1156, 1403, 1668, 1915]. In case the size of each frequency sub-block is 40MHz, K shift The values of (i) include values in [-1792, -1280, -768, -256, 256, 768, 1280, 1792] In case the size of each frequency sub-block is 80MHz, K shift The values of (i) include values in [-1536, -512, 512, 1536].

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The subcarriers of the RUs are distributed over the frequency sub-blocks by applying a constant offset to the 26-tone, 52-tone or 106-tone dRUs over the 20 MHz bandwidth, wherein the data and pilot subcarrier indices for 26-tone over the 20 MHz bandwidth include: [-120:9:-12, 6:9:114] for 26-tone dRU1, [-116:9:-8, 10:9:118] for 26-tone dRU2, [-118:9:-10, 8:9:116] for 26-tone dRU3, [-114:9:-6, 12:9:120] for 26-tone dRU4, [-112:9:-4, 5:9:113] for 26-tone dRU5, [-119:9:-11, 7:9:115] for 26-tone dRU6, [-115:9:-7, 11:9:119] for 26-tone dRU7, [-117:9:-9, 9:9:117] for 26-tone dRU8, and [-113:9:-5, 4:9:112] for 26-tone dRU9, wherein the data and pilot subcarrier indices for 52-tone dRUs over the 20 MHz bandwidth include: 26-tone [dRU1, dRU2] for 52-tone dRU1, 26-tone [dRU3, dRU4] for 52-tone dRU2, 26-tone [dRU6, dRU7] for 52-tone dRU3, and 26-tone [dRU8, dRU9] for 52-tone dRU4, wherein the data and pilot subcarrier indices for the 106-tone dRUs over the 20 MHz bandwidth include: 26-tone [dRU1-dRU4], [-3, 3] for 106-tone dRU1, and 26-tone [dRU6-dRU9], [-2, 2] for 106-tone dRU2.

7. The method of claim 1, comprising: The subcarriers of the RUs are distributed over the frequency sub-blocks by applying a constant offset to the 26-tone, 52-tone, 106-tone or 242-tone dRUs over the 40 MHz bandwidth, where the data and pilot subcarrier indices for the 26-tone dRUs over the 40 MHz bandwidth include [-242:18:-26, 10:18:226] for 26-tone dRU1, [-233:18:-17, 19:18:235] for 26-tone dRU2, [-238:18:-22, 14:18:230] for 26-tone dRU3, [-229:18:-13, 23:18:239] for 26-tone dRU4, [-225:18:-9, 27:18:243] for 26-tone dRU5, [-240:18:-24, 12:18:228] for 26-tone dRU6, [-231:18:-15, 21:18:237] for 26-tone dRU7, [-236:18:-20, 16:18:232] for 26-tone dRU8, [-227:18:-11, 25:18:241] for 26-tone dRU9, [-241:18:-25, 11:18:227] for 26-tone dRU10, [-232:18:-16, 20:18:236] for 26-tone dRU11, [-237:18:-21, 15:18:231] for 26-tone dRU12, [-228:18:-12, 24:18:240] for 26-tone dRU13, [-234:18:-18, 18:18:234] for 26-tone dRU14, [-239:18:-23, 13:18:229] for 26-tone dRU15, [-230:18:-14, 22:18:238] for 26-tone dRU16, [-235:18:-19, 17:18:233] for 26-tone dRU17, and [-226:18:-10, 26:18:242] for 26-tone dRU18, where the data and pilot subcarrier indices for the 52-tone dRUs over the 40 MHz bandwidth include [-242:9:-17, 10:9:235] for 52-tone dRU1, [-238:9:-13, 14:9:239] for 52-tone dRU2, [-240:9:-15, 12:9:237] for 52-tone dRU3, [-236:9:-11, 16:9:241] for 52-tone dRU4, [-241:9:-16, 11:9:236] for 52-tone dRU5, [-237:9:-12,15:9:240], [-239:9:-14, 13:9:238] for 52-tone dRU7 and [-235:9:-10, 17:9:242] for 52-tone dRU8, wherein the data and pilot subcarrier indices for the 106-tone dRUs over the 40 MHz bandwidth comprise: 26-tone [dRU1~dRU4], [-8, 5] for 106-tone dRU1, 26-tone [dRU6~dRU9], [-6, 7] for 106-tone dRU2, 26-tone [dRU10~dRU13], [-7, 6] for 106-tone dRU3 and 26-tone [dRU15~dRU18], [-5, 8] for 106-tone dRU4, the data and pilot subcarrier indices for the 242-tone dRUs over the 40 MHz bandwidth comprise: 106-tone [dRU1~dRU2], 26-tone dRU5, [-244, -4, 3, 9] for 242-tone dRU1 and 106-tone [dRU3~dRU4], 26-tone dRU14, [-243, -3, 4, 244] for 242-tone dRU2.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein, The subcarriers of the RU are distributed over the frequency subblocks by applying the constant offset to a 52-tone, 106-tone, 242-tone, or 484-tone dRU over the 80 MHz bandwidth, wherein the data and pilot subcarrier indices of the 52-tone dRU over the 80 MHz bandwidth include: [-483:36:-51, 17:36:449], [-467:36:-35, 33:36:465] for 52-tone dRU1, [-475:36:-43, 25:36:457], [-459:36:-27, 41:36:473] for 52-tone dRU3, [-47 9:36:-47, 21:36:453], [-463:36:-31, 37:36:469], [-471:36:-39, 29:36:461], [-455:36:-23, 45:36:477] for 52-tone dRU5, [-477:36:-45, 23:36:455], [-461:36:-29, 39:36:471] for 52-tone dRU6, [-469:36:-37, 31:36:463], [-453:36:-21, 47:36:479], [-481:36: -49, 19:36:451], [-465:36:-33, 35:36:467], [-473:36:-41, 27:36:459], [-457:36:-25, 43:36:475] for 52-tone dRU8, [-482:36:-50, 18:36:450], [-466:36:-34, 34:36:466] for 52-tone dRU10, [-474:36:-42, 26:36:458], [-458:36:-26, 42:36:474] for 52-tone dRU11, [-478:36:-46 , 22:36:454], [-462:36:-30, 38:36:470], [-470:36:-38, 30:36:462], [-454:36:-22, 46:36:478] for 52-tone dRU13, [-476:36:-44, 24:36:456], [-460:36:-28, 40:36:472] for 52-tone dRU14, [-468:36:-36, 32:36:464], [-452:36:-20, 48:36:480], [-480:36:-48,20:36:452], [-464:36:-32, 36:36:468], and [-472:36:-40, 28:36:460], [-456:36:-24, 44:36:476] for 52-tone dRUs 16, where the data and pilot subcarrier indices for the 106-tone dRUs over the 80 MHz bandwidth comprise: 52-tone [dRU1~dRU2], [-495, 485] for 106-tone dRU 1, 52-tone [dRU3~dRU4], [-491, 489] for 106-tone dRU 2, 52-tone [dRU5~dRU6], [-489, 491] for 106-tone dRU 3, 52-tone [dRU7~dRU8], [-493, 487] for 106-tone dRU 4, 52-tone [dRU9~dRU10], [-494, 486] for 106-tone dRU 5, 52-tone [dRU11~dRU12], [-490, 490] for 106-tone dRU 6, 52-tone [dRU13~dRU14], [-488, 492] for 106-tone dRU 7, and 52-tone [dRU15~dRU16], [-492, 488] for 106-tone dRU 8, the data and pilot subcarrier indices for the 242-tone dRUs over the 80 MHz bandwidth comprise: [-499:4:-19, 17:4:497] for 242-tone dRU 1, [-497:4:-17, 19:4:499] for 242-tone dRU 2, [-498:4:-18, 18:4:498] for 242-tone dRU 3, and [-496:4:-16, 20:4:500] for 242-tone dRU 4, where the data and pilot subcarrier indices for the 484-tone over the 80 MHz bandwidth comprise: [-499:2:-17, 17:2:499] for 484-tone dRU 1 and [-498:2:-16, 18:2:500] for 484-tone dRU 2.

9. A communication method characterized by comprising: generating a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), and transmitting the PPDU using subcarriers of resource units (RUs) distributed over a plurality of frequency sub-blocks of a wide bandwidth, wherein each of the plurality of frequency sub-blocks comprises a 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz frequency sub-block, wherein the wide bandwidth comprises an 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or 320 MHz bandwidth, and wherein the subcarriers of the RUs are distributed over the frequency sub-blocks by applying a constant offset to distributed tone resource units (dRUs) over a 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz bandwidth; wherein the distribution of the subcarriers of the RUs over the frequency sub-blocks is represented as: M represents an index of an 80 MHz frequency sub-block or a 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz sub-block within an 80 MHz bandwidth, k dRU_M_N = k dRU + K shift1 (M) + K shift2 (N), N represents an index of an 80 MHz frequency sub-block in the wide bandwidth, ​ k dRU dRU subcarrier index for the dRU on a 20MHz, 40MHz, or 80MHz bandwidth, kd RU_M_N dRU subcarrier index on the Mth 20MHz, 40MHz or 80MHz sub-block of the Nth 80MHz frequency sub-block in the wide bandwidth, K shift1 (M) represents a value for a constant offset for the Mth 20MHz or 40MHz sub-block, and K shift2 (N) indicates a value of constant offset for the Nth 80 MHz frequency sub-block.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein, In case the size of each frequency sub-block is 20MHz, K shift1 The value of (M) includes a value in [-380, -133, 132, 379] In case the size of each frequency sub-block is 40MHz, K shift1 The value of (M) includes values in [-256, 256], In case the size of each frequency sub-block is 80MHz, K shift1 The value of (M) includes 0.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein, In case the bandwidth is 80 MHz, K shift2 The value of (N) includes 0, In the case that the bandwidth is 160MHz, K shift2 The value of (N) includes values in [-512, 512], In a case where the bandwidth is 320MHz, K shift2 The value of (N) includes a value in [-1536, -512, 512, 1536].

12. The method of claim 9, wherein, subcarrier distribution of the RUs on the 20 MHz bandwidth is distributed on the frequency sub-blocks by applying a constant offset to 26-tone, 52-tone or 106-tone dRUs, wherein data and pilot subcarrier indices for 26-tone on the 20 MHz bandwidth include: [-120:9:-12, 6:9:114] for 26-tone dRU1, [-116:9:-8, 10:9:118] for 26-tone dRU2, [-118:9:-10, 8:9:116] for 26-tone dRU3, [-114:9:-6, 12:9:120] for 26-tone dRU4, [-112:9:-4, 5:9:113] for 26-tone dRU5, [-119:9:-11, 7:9:115] for 26-tone dRU6, [-115:9:-7, 11:9:119] for 26-tone dRU7, [-117:9:-9, 9:9:117] for 26-tone dRU8 and [-113:9:-5, 4:9:112] for 26-tone dRU9, wherein data and pilot subcarrier indices for 52-tone dRUs on the 20 MHz bandwidth include: 26-tone [dRU1, dRU2] for 52-tone dRU1, 26-tone [dRU3, dRU4] for 52-tone dRU2, 26-tone [dRU6, dRU7] for 52-tone dRU3 and 26-tone [dRU8, dRU9] for 52-tone dRU4, wherein data and pilot subcarrier indices for the 106-tone dRUs on the 20 MHz bandwidth include: 26-tone [dRU1-dRU4], [-3, 3] for 106-tone dRU1 and 26-tone [dRU6-dRU9], [-2, 2] for 106-tone dRU2.

13. The method of claim 9, wherein, The subcarriers of the RUs are distributed over the frequency sub-blocks by applying a constant offset to the 26-tone, 52-tone, 106-tone or 242-tone dRUs over the 40 MHz bandwidth, where the data and pilot subcarrier indices for the 26-tone dRUs over the 40 MHz bandwidth include [-242:18:-26, 10:18:226] for 26-tone dRU 1, [-233:18:-17, 19:18:235] for 26-tone dRU 2, [-238:18:-22, 14:18:230] for 26-tone dRU 3, [-229:18:-13, 23:18:239] for 26-tone dRU 4, [-225:18:-9, 27:18:243] for 26-tone dRU 5, [-240:18:-24, 12:18:228] for 26-tone dRU 6, [-231:18:-15, 21:18:237] for 26-tone dRU 7, [-236:18:-20, 16:18:232] for 26-tone dRU 8, [-227:18:-11, 25:18:241] for 26-tone dRU 9, [-241:18:-25, 11:18:227] for 26-tone dRU 10, [-232:18:-16, 20:18:236] for 26-tone dRU 11, [-237:18:-21, 15:18:231] for 26-tone dRU 12, [-228:18:-12, 24:18:240] for 26-tone dRU 13, [-234:18:-18, 18:18:234] for 26-tone dRU 14, [-239:18:-23, 13:18:229] for 26-tone dRU 15, [-230:18:-14, 22:18:238] for 26-tone dRU 16, [-235:18:-19, 17:18:233] for 26-tone dRU 17, and [-226:18:-10, 26:18:242] for 26-tone dRU 18, where the data and pilot subcarrier indices for the 52-tone dRUs over the 40 MHz bandwidth include [-242:9:-17, 10:9:235] for 52-tone dRU 1, [-238:9:-13, 14:9:239] for 52-tone dRU 2, [-240:9:-15, 12:9:237] for 52-tone dRU 3, [-236:9:-11, 16:9:241] for 52-tone dRU 4, [-241:9:-16, 11:9:236] for 52-tone dRU 5, [-237:9:-12,15:9:240], [-239:9:-14, 13:9:238] for 52-tone dRU7 and [-235:9:-10, 17:9:242] for 52-tone dRU8, wherein the data and pilot subcarrier indices for the 106-tone dRUs over the 40 MHz bandwidth comprise: 26-tone [dRU1~dRU4], [-8, 5] for 106-tone dRU1, 26-tone [dRU6~dRU9], [-6, 7] for 106-tone dRU2, 26-tone [dRU10~dRU13], [-7, 6] for 106-tone dRU3 and 26-tone [dRU15~dRU18], [-5, 8] for 106-tone dRU4, the data and pilot subcarrier indices for the 242-tone dRUs over the 40 MHz bandwidth comprise: 106-tone [dRU1~dRU2], 26-tone dRU5, [-244, -4, 3, 9] for 242-tone dRU1 and 106-tone [dRU3~dRU4], 26-tone dRU14, [-243, -3, 4, 244] for 242-tone dRU2.

14. The method of claim 9, wherein, The subcarriers of the RUs are distributed over the frequency sub-blocks by applying the constant offset to the 52-tone, 106-tone, 242-tone, or 484-tone dRUs over the 80 MHz bandwidth, where the data and pilot subcarrier indices for the 52-tone dRUs over the 80 MHz bandwidth include: [-483:36:-51, 17:36:449] for 52-tone dRU1, [-467:36:-35, 33:36:465] for 52-tone dRU2, [-475:36:-43, 25:36:457] for 52-tone dRU3, [-459:36:-27, 41:36:473] for 52-tone dRU4, [-479:36:-47, 21:36:453] for 52-tone dRU5, [-463:36:-31, 37:36:469] for 52-tone dRU6, [-471:36:-39, 29:36:461] for 52-tone dRU7, [-455:36:-23, 45:36:477] for 52-tone dRU8, [-477:36:-45, 23:36:455] for 52-tone dRU9, [-461:36:-29, 39:36:471] for 52-tone dRU10, [-469:36:-37, 31:36:463] for 52-tone dRU11, [-453:36:-21, 47:36:479] for 52-tone dRU12, [-481:36:-49, 19:36:451] for 52-tone dRU13, [-465:36:-33, 35:36:467] for 52-tone dRU14, [-473:36:-41, 27:36:459] for 52-tone dRU15, [-457:36:-25, 43:36:475] for 52-tone dRU16, [-482:36:-50, 18:36:450] for 52-tone dRU17, [-466:36:-34, 34:36:466] for 52-tone dRU18, [-474:36:-42, 26:36:458] for 52-tone dRU19, [-458:36:-26, 42:36:474] for 52-tone dRU20, [-478:36:-46, 22:36:454] for 52-tone dRU21, [-462:36:-30, 38:36:470] for 52-tone dRU22, [-470:36:-38, 30:36:462] for 52-tone dRU23, [-454:36:-22, 46:36:478] for 52-tone dRU24, [-476:36:-44, 24:36:456] for 52-tone dRU25, [-460:36:-28, 40:36:472] for 52-tone dRU26, [-468:36:-36, 32:36:464] for 52-tone dRU27, [-452:36:-20, 48:36:480] for 52-tone dRU28, [-480:36:-48, 20:36:448] for 52-tone dRU29, [-464:36:-32, 36:36:464] for 52-tone dRU30, [-472:36:-40, 28:36:456] for 52-tone dRU31, [-456:36:-24, 44:36:472] for 52-tone dRU32, [-478:36:-46, 22:36:454] for 52-tone dRU33, [-462:36:-30, 38:36:470] for 52-tone dRU34, [-470:36:-38, 30:36:462] for 52-tone dRU35, [-454:36:-22, 46:36:478] for 52-tone dRU36, [-476:36:-44, 24:36:456] for 52-tone dRU37, [-460:36:-28, 40:36:472] for 52-tone dRU38, [-468:36:-36, 32:36:464] for 52-tone dRU39, [-452:36:-20, 48:36:480] for 52-tone dRU40, [-480:36:-48, 20:36:448] for 52-tone dRU41, [-464:36:-32, 36:36:464] for 52-tone dRU42, [-472:36:-40, 28:36:456] for 52-tone dRU43, [-456:36:-24, 44:36:472] for 52-tone dRU44, [-478:36:-46, 22:36:454] for 52-tone dRU45, [-462:36:-30, 38:36:470] for 52-tone dRU46, [-470:36:-38, 30:36:462] for 52-tone dRU47, [-454:36:-22, 46:36:478] for 52-tone dRU48, [-476:36:-44, 24:36:456] for 52-tone dRU49, [-460:36:-28, 40:36:472] for 52-tone dRU50, [-468:36:-36, 32:36:464] for 52-tone dRU51, [-452:36:-20, 48:36:480] for 52-tone dRU52, [-480:36:-48, 20:36:448] for 52-tone dRU53, [-464:36:-32, 36:36:464] for 52-tone dRU54, [-472:36:-40, 28:36:456] for 52-tone dRU55, [-456:36:-24, 44:36:472] for 52-tone dRU56, [-478:36:-46, 22:36:454] for 52-tone dRU57, [-462:36:-30, 38:36:470] for 52-tone dRU58, [-470:36:-38, 30:36:462] for 52-tone dRU59, [-454:36:-22, 46:36:478] for 52-tone dRU60, [-476:36:-44, 24:36:456] for 52-tone dRU61, [-460:36:-28, 40:36:472] for 52-tone dRU62, [-468:36:-36, 32:36:464] for 52-tone dRU63, [-452:36:-20, 48:36:480] for 52-tone dRU64, [-480:36:-48, 20:36:448] for 52-tone dRU65, [-464:36:-32, 36:36:464] for 52-tone dRU66, [-472:36:-40, 28:36:456] for 52-tone dRU67, [-456:36:-24, 44:36:472] for 52-tone dRU68, [-478:36:-46, 22:36:454] for 52-tone dRU69, [-462:36:-30, 38:36:470] for 52-tone dRU70, [-470:36:-38, 30:36:462] for 52-tone dRU71, [-454:36:-22, 46:36:478] for 52-tone dRU72, [-476:36:-44, 24:36:456] for 52-tone dRU73, [-460:36:-28, 40:36:472] for 52-tone dRU74, [-468:36:-36, 32:36:464] for 52-tone dRU75, [-452:36:-20, 48:36:480] for 52-tone dRU76, [-480:36:-48, 20:36:448] for 52-tone dRU77, [-464:36:-32, 36:36:464] for 52-tone dRU78, [-472:36:-40, 28:36:456] for 52-tone dRU79, [-456:36:-24, 44:36:472] for 52-tone dRU80, [-478:36:-46, 22:36:454] for 52-tone dRU81, [-462:36:-30, 38:36:470] for 52-tone dRU82, [-470:36:-38, 30:36:462] for 52-tone dRU83, [-454:36:-22, 46:36:478] for 52-tone dRU84, [-476:36:-44, 24:36:456] for 52-tone dRU85, [-460:36:-28, 40:36:472] for 52-tone dRU86, [-468:36:-36, 32:36:464] for 52-tone dRU87, [-452:36:-20, 48:36:480] for 52-tone dRU88, [-480:36:-48, 20:36:448] for 52-tone dRU89, [-464:36:-32, 36:36:464] for 5220:36:452], [-464:36:-32, 36:36:468], and [-472:36:-40, 28:36:460], [-456:36:-24, 44:36:476] for 52-tone dRUs 16, where the data and pilot subcarrier indices for the 106-tone dRUs over the 80 MHz bandwidth comprise: 52-tone [dRU1~dRU2], [-495, 485] for 106-tone dRU 1, 52-tone [dRU3~dRU4], [-491, 489] for 106-tone dRU 2, 52-tone [dRU5~dRU6], [-489, 491] for 106-tone dRU 3, 52-tone [dRU7~dRU8], [-493, 487] for 106-tone dRU 4, 52-tone [dRU9~dRU10], [-494, 486] for 106-tone dRU 5, 52-tone [dRU11~dRU12], [-490, 490] for 106-tone dRU 6, 52-tone [dRU13~dRU14], [-488, 492] for 106-tone dRU 7, and 52-tone [dRU15~dRU16], [-492, 488] for 106-tone dRU 8, the data and pilot subcarrier indices for the 242-tone dRUs over the 80 MHz bandwidth comprise: [-499:4:-19, 17:4:497] for 242-tone dRU 1, [-497:4:-17, 19:4:499] for 242-tone dRU 2, [-498:4:-18, 18:4:498] for 242-tone dRU 3, and [-496:4:-16, 20:4:500] for 242-tone dRU 4, where the data and pilot subcarrier indices for the 484-tone over the 80 MHz bandwidth comprise: [-499:2:-17, 17:2:499] for 484-tone dRU 1 and [-498:2:-16, 18:2:500] for 484-tone dRU 2.

15. A method of communication, comprising: comprises: generating a distributed tone resource unit, dRU, subcarriers of the dRU distributed on a frequency sub-block of a plurality of frequency sub-blocks in a bandwidth; and communicating using the dRU, wherein the dRU is generated on a frequency sub-block of: the bandwidth is a 20 MHz frequency sub-block in a 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz or 320 MHz; or the bandwidth is a 40 MHz frequency sub-block in an 80 MHz, 160 MHz or 320 MHz; or the bandwidth is an 80 MHz frequency sub-block in a 160 MHz or 320 MHz; or the bandwidth is a 160 MHz frequency sub-block in a 320 MHz; dRU BW20 +(-K1st_bw20+K1st), wherein tone indices of the dRU are expressed as: dRU BW20 subcarrier index representing a dRU on a 20 MHz bandwidth, wherein: K1st denotes a first left tone of each frequency sub-block of the one or more frequency sub-blocks and depends on the sub-block, and K1st_bw20 represents the first left tone of the entire dRU table on the 20MHz bandwidth; or the tone index of the dRU is represented as: dRU = Tone-Range(dTP), where: Tone-Range represents a tone range on each frequency sub-block of one or more frequency sub-blocks and is dependent on the sub-block, and dTP represents a positive integer index table representing a tone distribution pattern; or the tone index of the dRU is represented as: k = K1st + ktd, where k denotes the tone index of the dRU, K1stdenotes the first left tone of each frequency sub-block of one or more frequency sub-blocks and is sub-block dependent, k td denotes K td (r, k) = RUstart(r) + li+j*N p , where i = 0, 1, 2,..., L-1; j = 0, 1, 2,..., J-1; and k = 0, 1, 2,..., N st_ru -1; r = 1, 2,..., N ru , where r is the index of the logical RU; l i ∈ Ω ru = {l0, l1,..., l L-1}; L = |Ω ru |; N st_ru = 26, 52, 106, 242, 484, 996, for 26-tone, 52-tone, 106-tone, 242-tone, 484-tone or 996-tone RUs, respectively, RUstart(r) represents the first or starting tone index of the dRU r, li represents a tone within a repetition distance or a repetition period, N p denotes the repetition distance or repetition period, L represents the number of tones within a repetition distance or a repetition period, N st_ru indicates the number of subcarriers of the dRU, and N ru RU number of a given RU size in a given bandwidth.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein, the value of K1st includes the value of: - 500 for a first 20MHz frequency sub-block in a plurality of frequency sub-blocks in an 80MHz bandwidth; - 253 for a second 20MHz frequency sub-block in a plurality of frequency sub-blocks in an 80MHz bandwidth; 12 for a third 20MHz frequency sub-block in a plurality of frequency sub-blocks in an 80MHz bandwidth; and 259 for a fourth 20MHz frequency sub-block in a plurality of frequency sub-blocks in an 80MHz bandwidth.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein, the tone range includes: [-500: -259] for a first 20MHz frequency sub-block in a plurality of frequency sub-blocks in an 80MHz bandwidth; [-253: -12] for a second 20MHz frequency sub-block in a plurality of frequency sub-blocks in an 80MHz bandwidth; [12: 253] for a third 20MHz frequency sub-block in a plurality of frequency sub-blocks in an 80MHz bandwidth; and [259: 500] for a fourth 20MHz frequency sub-block in a plurality of frequency sub-blocks in an 80MHz bandwidth.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein, A predetermined number of direct current, DC, tones are reserved around the middle of each frequency sub-block of the plurality of frequency sub-blocks.

19. A communication apparatus, comprising: a transceiver configured to wirelessly communicate; and a processor coupled to the transceiver and configured to perform operations including: generating a physical layer protocol data unit, PPDU, and transmitting the PPDU via the transceiver on a wide bandwidth using subcarriers of resource units, RUs, distributed on a plurality of frequency sub-blocks of the wide bandwidth, wherein each of the plurality of frequency sub-blocks comprises a 20MHz, 40MHz, or 80MHz frequency sub-block, wherein the wide bandwidth comprises an 80MHz, 160MHz, or 320MHz bandwidth, and wherein the subcarriers of the RUs are distributed on the frequency sub-blocks by applying a constant offset to distributed tone resource units, dRUs, on a 20MHz, 40MHz, or 80MHz bandwidth; wherein the distribution of the subcarriers of the RUs on the frequency sub-blocks is represented as: k dRU_i = k dRU + K shift (i) k dRU dRU subcarrier index for the dRU on a 20MHz, 40MHz, or 80MHz bandwidth, k dRU_i denotes the dRU subcarrier index on the i-th frequency sub-block, K shift (i) a value representing the constant offset, and i represents an index of a frequency sub-block in the plurality of frequency sub-blocks.

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