Method of communicating between synchronized mobile devices, storage medium and mobile device

Abstract

Examples include a method of communicating between a first mobile device and a second mobile device in synchronization, the method including sensing a plurality of preconfigured radio resources and identifying, for each sensed preconfigured radio resource, whether it is occupied. The method also includes receiving an indication of a future occupation of a preconfigured radio resource utilization in a spatial domain by a further mobile device and selecting a particular preconfigured radio resource that reduces or prevents a communication collision in the spatial domain. The method also includes the first mobile device and the second mobile device communicating using the selected particular preconfigured radio resource.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication between mobile devices, and more specifically to direct communication between mobile devices without communication through a base station. BACKGROUND

[0002] A mobile device can communicate with a base station covering a communication cell, such communication with the base station enabling communication with other mobile devices through such base station acting as an intermediary between the mobile devices. In other cases, a mobile device can communicate directly with another mobile device without communication through a base station. Such direct communication between mobile devices can be through so-called sidelink communication. SUMMARY

[0003] The invention is defined by the independent claims appended hereto. Additional features and advantages of the concepts disclosed herein are set forth in the description that follows.

[0004] The present disclosure describes a method of communicating between a first mobile device and a second mobile device synchronized with the first mobile device, the method comprising:

[0005] - sensing, by the first mobile device, a plurality of preconfigured radio resources, each preconfigured radio resource corresponding to a specific set of coordinates in a time domain, a frequency domain and a spatial domain;

[0006] - identifying, by the first mobile device, for each sensed preconfigured radio resource, whether the preconfigured radio resource is occupied for communication between further mobile devices synchronized with the first mobile device;

[0007] - receiving, at the first mobile device or at the second mobile device, for each occupied preconfigured radio resource, from the further mobile devices, an indication of a future occupation of the preconfigured radio resource by the further mobile devices in the spatial domain;

[0008] - selecting, by the first mobile device or by the second mobile device, a specific preconfigured radio resource for the first mobile device and the second mobile device to use a specific beam in the spatial domain for communication, wherein using the specific beam reduces or prevents communication conflict in the spatial domain with the future occupation of the preconfigured radio resource; and

[0009] - communicating between the first mobile device and the second mobile device using the selected specific preconfigured radio resource.

[0010] For example, such a method allows to reduce the risk of communication collisions by using a specific beam for the communication between the first and the second mobile device, the specific beam being a specific beam in the spatial domain of a specific sub-channel defined in the time and frequency domain. The specific beam is selected considering both the information collected by sensing the preconfigured radio resources or communication sub-channels and the information about the future usage of the radio resources.

[0011] Optionally, the method further comprises transmitting, by the first mobile device or by the second mobile device, a specific indication of the preconfigured radio resource utilization in the spatial domain that is future occupied for the communication between the first and the second mobile device to further mobile devices. For example, such a conversion can be exploited by the further mobile devices to select their own radio resources while avoiding future collisions with the radio resources occupied for the communication between the first and the second mobile device.

[0012] Optionally, the receiving the indication of the preconfigured radio resource utilization in the spatial domain that is future occupied by the further mobile device is performed by using signals that are orthogonal to the signals used for the communication between the first and the second mobile device. For example, this can avoid occupying the frequency spectrum used for the communication between the first and the second mobile device in order to transmit the indication of the preconfigured radio resource utilization in the spatial domain that is future occupied by the further mobile device.

[0013] Optionally, the selection of the specific preconfigured radio resource for the communication between the first and the second mobile device using the specific beam in the spatial domain takes into account Line of Sight, LoS, information related to the first, second and further mobile devices. For example, this can make the beam selection more efficient both by providing a default option (e.g. selecting for a pair of mobile devices the beam that is most aligned with the LoS corresponding to that same pair of mobile devices) and by exploiting the fact that the LoS information inherently takes into account the fact that different mobile devices can be located in different positions, thus providing a default way to avoid communication collisions in the spatial domain.

[0014] Optionally, the method further comprises broadcasting, by the first mobile device or by the second mobile device, one or more of the respective mobile device identifier and the respective mobility information. For example, such a broadcasting can allow other mobile devices to predict the future trajectory of the first and second mobile devices and to select communication resources that avoid collisions in the spatial domain with the communication resources used for the communication between the first and the second mobile devices considering such future trajectory.

[0015] Optionally, the method further comprises:

[0016] - receiving, at the first mobile device, one or more of the second mobile device identifier and the second mobile device mobility information; or receiving, at the second mobile device, one or more of the first mobile device identifier and the first mobile device mobility information; and

[0017] - receiving, at the first mobile device or the second mobile device, one or more of the identifier and the mobility information from each of the one or more further mobile devices.

[0018] For example, this can allow the mobile device receiving the information (either of the pair of mobile devices formed by the first mobile device and the second mobile device) to obtain trajectory information of surrounding mobile devices and the other mobile device of the pair of mobile devices, thereby enabling selection of communication resources for the pair of mobile devices that will avoid or reduce the risk of communication collision for the pair of mobile devices.

[0019] Optionally, the sensing of the plurality of preconfigured radio resources and the selection of the particular preconfigured radio resource are selectively triggered using a rule. For example, such a rule can determine the frequency and order in which the various steps of the method can occur. Such a rule can be determined dynamically to adapt the method to specific circumstances.

[0020] Optionally, the method further comprises:

[0021] - detecting, by the first mobile device, a potential future communication collision between the selected particular preconfigured radio resource and the received future occupied preconfigured radio resource utilisation; and

[0022] - in response to detecting the collision, one or more of:

[0023] - selecting an alternative particular preconfigured radio resource for communication between the first mobile device and the second mobile device; and

[0024] - suspending communication during the time of the collision.

[0025] The selection of an alternative radio resource and / or the suspension of communication will in practice allow the potential future communication collision to be avoided and will help to reduce the risk of communication collision.

[0026] Optionally, the method further comprises selecting the further mobile devices from a group of surrounding mobile devices using a selection criterion. For example, this can allow situations where there are a large number of surrounding mobile devices to be handled. The selection criterion is used to select a plurality of further mobile devices for processing in accordance with the method described herein, the further mobile devices being a subset of the surrounding mobile devices, and thus less complex to process than a larger group of the surrounding devices. In particular, the criterion can comprise one or more of:

[0027] - a distance between each surrounding mobile device and the first mobile device; or

[0028] - a signal to interference noise ratio, SINR.

[0029] If the criterion considers distance, the additional mobile devices considered can for example be the mobile devices closest to either or both of the pairs formed by the first mobile device and the second mobile device. If the criterion considers SINR, the additional mobile devices considered can for example be the mobile devices with a relatively higher SINR. In particular, the selection criterion can evolve over time, so that the number of additional mobile devices selected increases over time. This evaluation approach can enable a phased handling of a relatively large number of surrounding mobile devices, for example, with the criterion becoming progressively less selective over time, to include a progressively increasing number of surrounding mobile vehicles in the spatial domain collision avoidance selection of beam-specific communication resources. In particular, the criterion can comprise a distance between each surrounding mobile device and the first mobile device or the second mobile device, whereby the distance between each additional mobile device and the first mobile device or the second mobile device is less than a threshold value. In some cases, this distance threshold value can increase over time, to progressively encompass additional mobile devices taken into account to reduce or avoid communication collisions in the spatial domain. In some cases, the transmission power used for communication with the second mobile device is set to avoid communication collisions with mobile devices located outside the threshold value. For example, this setting of the transmission power can evolve over time by increasing the transmission over time (as the criterion also evolves over time), resulting in a progressive increase in the number of additional mobile devices considered by the method of the present disclosure.

[0030] The present disclosure also describes a computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a processor of a mobile device, cause the processor to perform any of the methods described herein. Such instructions allow the implementation of the methods described herein.

[0031] The present disclosure also describes a mobile device comprising a processor, a memory, a networking module and a plurality of antennas allowing beamforming, the processor being configured to operate according to any of the methods described herein. Such a mobile device can thus implement the methods described herein. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 An example method is illustrated.

[0033] Figure 2 Another example method is illustrated.

[0034] Figure 3 Yet another example method is illustrated.

[0035] Figure 4 An example mobile device is illustrated. Detailed Implementation

[0036] This disclosure applies to mobile devices. A mobile device should be understood as a mobile communication device that is not permanently stationary. Such a mobile communication device can communicate using a networking module. Such a mobile device can be a mobile terminal carried by a person or vehicle. A mobile device can be a vehicle including a networking module. A mobile device can be carried by a driver or passenger of a vehicle. A mobile device can be configured to move on road networks, waterways, or in the air. A mobile device can be a drone including a networking module. A mobile device can be a car, truck, tractor, factory robot, satellite, or bus including a networking module. A mobile device can be a networked autonomous or partially autonomous vehicle configured to drive itself automatically or partially automatically using radio resources. Autonomous driving may not require a human driver, while partially autonomous driving may require a human driver in the vehicle.

[0037] According to this disclosure, mobile devices may be designated as "first mobile device" or "second mobile device" to distinguish these specific mobile devices from other mobile devices that may interact with them. However, the first mobile device or the second mobile device may be similar to or different from other mobile devices.

[0038] The first mobile device is a mobile device according to this disclosure, and the second mobile device is similar to or different from the first mobile device, and the second mobile device is distinguishable from a specific mobile device. In some examples, the first mobile device and the second mobile device are interconnected and can communicate with each other. Communication can be understood as the exchange of data packets in the context of a communication protocol. Direct communication can use radio resources that are to be autonomously acquired by the user equipment (UE) corresponding to the respective mobile device from a resource pool, which can be signaled by a base station or pre-configured in the UE. According to some examples, communication between the first device and the second device is conducted via a sidelink. A sidelink should be understood as allowing signal exchange between the first device and the second device. Radio resource utilization can be carried out, for example, through time, frequency, and spatial allocation techniques. Radio resource utilization can be considered in light of quality of service requirements (e.g., throughput, latency, packet error rate, and priority). By using a sidelink for this type of communication between mobile devices through spatial reuse techniques, communication latency can be reduced and cell load can be reduced.

[0039] Some example methods according to the present disclosure relate to communications between mobile devices, which are different from communications between a base station and a terminal using static beam selection. Example methods according to the present disclosure enable dynamic beam selection. Example methods according to the present disclosure are different from other methods that result in the use of an omni-directional long term reservation scheme for transmitting user data, which limits the selection to only the frequency and time domains. Some example methods according to the present disclosure are actually selectively allocating resources in the spatial domain or angle space.

[0040] In some examples, for frequency bands above 6 GHz, the method according to the present disclosure is applied to a resource allocation framework in mode 2(a) of 3GPP NR V2X (V2X stands for Vehicle-to-Everything). In some examples, the method is a groupcast communications method, groupcast communications being from one (single) mobile device to one or more mobile devices. In some examples, the mobile devices are equipped with several antenna panels implementing beamforming techniques. In some examples, a semi-persistent scheme (also referred to as a long term resource reservation scheme) is used to schedule mobile device vehicle resources. In some examples, the mobile devices comprise one or more antenna panels, each panel being equipped with at least two antenna elements to implement beamforming techniques.

[0041] In some examples, the first mobile device or the second mobile device according to the present disclosure is one of a plurality of mobile devices forming a platoon. The platoon can be formed of a plurality of autonomous vehicles that are networked and interconnected. The platoon can comprise more than 25 vehicles. The platoon can comprise more than 50 vehicles. Using the method according to the present disclosure can allow to increase the overall displacement speed by avoiding or reducing the risk of communication collisions.

[0042] As shown in Figure 1 The example method 100 is applied to a communication between a first mobile device and a second mobile device that is synchronized with the first mobile device. When the first mobile device and the second mobile device share a common time reference, it can be understood that both are synchronized.

[0043] Synchronization shall be understood as the process of aligning between different mobile devices a locally variable time characteristic, which is local in the sense that it is specific to each mobile device. Ideally, if the network were to be perfectly synchronized, such a locally variable time characteristic would evolve in exactly the same way on different mobile devices. Examples of such locally variable characteristics include logical devices or virtual devices based on hardware-based devices. Examples include time setting devices such as clocks or frequency synthesizers. According to one such example, when the networked mobile devices each comprise a clock, these mobile devices would be perfectly synchronized if the clocks of these mobile devices were to indicate exactly the same time at a given moment in time. In another example, when the networked mobile devices each comprise a frequency synthesizer, these mobile devices would be perfectly synchronized if the synthesizers of these mobile devices were to operate at exactly the same frequency.

[0044] As Figure 1As shown in block 101 of the method 100 comprises sensing, by a first mobile device, a plurality of preconfigured radio resources, each preconfigured radio resource corresponding to a particular set of coordinates in a time domain, a frequency domain, and a spatial domain. The sensing can be performed using one or more antennas, for example. The sensing can be performed using one or more directional antennas adapted to sense a component of a radio wave in a particular spatial direction, also referred to as a beam. The sensing is performed by a first mobile device. It will be appreciated that the first mobile device is referred to as “first” in order to distinguish it from other mobile devices. In this regard, the word “first” should not be understood to imply that there is some sort of “order”. The sensing is performed with respect to a plurality of preconfigured radio resources. In some examples, each preconfigured radio resource corresponds to a particular set of coordinates in a time domain, a frequency domain, and a spatial domain for the first mobile device. The preconfigured radio resources are preconfigured in the time domain, the frequency domain, and the spatial domain with respect to the first mobile device. In the frequency domain, the preconfigured radio resources can be associated with a particular radio frequency. In the time domain, the preconfigured radio resources can be associated with a particular time window. In the spatial domain, the preconfigured radio resources can be associated with a particular beam or a particular direction or a particular angle. Each preconfigured radio resource of the plurality of preconfigured radio resources differs from any other preconfigured radio resource of the plurality of preconfigured radio resources by one coordinate. Two preconfigured radio resources of the plurality of preconfigured radio resources can correspond to the same frequency, the same time window, but to different beams. Two preconfigured radio resources of the plurality of preconfigured radio resources can correspond to the same beam, the same time window, but to different frequencies. Two preconfigured radio resources of the plurality of preconfigured radio resources can correspond to the same beam, the same frequency, but to different time windows. Two preconfigured radio resources of the plurality of preconfigured radio resources can correspond to the same beam, but to different time windows and frequencies. Two preconfigured radio resources of the plurality of preconfigured radio resources can correspond to the same frequency, but to different time windows and beams. Two preconfigured radio resources of the plurality of preconfigured radio resources can correspond to the same time window, but to different frequencies and beams. Two preconfigured radio resources of the plurality of preconfigured radio resources can correspond to different time windows, frequencies, and beams. The radio resources according to the present disclosure are preconfigured in that they correspond to a particular, identified, and limited number of radio resources that the mobile devices can use to communicate with each other in the time domain and the frequency domain, each mobile device also defining such radio resources in the spatial domain (e.g. in line with the beamforming configuration available to the same mobile device). In some examples, the radio resources according to the present disclosure are preconfigured in that they coincide in the time domain and the frequency domain with radio resources preconfigured by other mobile devices.In some examples, the radio resources according to the present disclosure are preconfigured to coincide in the time domain and the frequency domain with radio resources preconfigured by other pairs of mobile devices while occupying a coordinate in the spatial domain (e.g., a beam, direction, or angle) specific to the first pair of mobile devices. In some examples, there are less than 100 available different specific preconfigured radio resource coordinate combinations in the frequency domain and the time domain (independent of the spatial domain). In some examples, there are more than 10 available different specific preconfigured radio resource coordinate combinations in the frequency domain and the time domain (independent of the spatial domain). For example, considering the possibility of beamforming for a given mobile device, in some examples, the introduction of coordinates in the spatial domain according to the present disclosure provides more than 100 different specific preconfigured radio resources in the frequency domain, the time domain, and the spatial domain for a given mobile device. The use of different radio resource coordinates allows to avoid communication collisions. For example, a communication collision can occur when multiple pairs of mobile devices use the same radio resource for communication, possibly failing to identify whether the communication is intended for the pair of mobile devices to which they belong. It should be noted that communication according to the present disclosure involves transmitting, receiving, or both transmitting and receiving. It should also be noted that when the first mobile device and the second mobile device of a given pair according to the present disclosure communicate, they can use different radio resources for transmission and reception. Such a pair of mobile devices can also use the same radio resource for transmission and reception. Sensing according to the present disclosure can involve scanning over various frequencies or time windows to ensure that each preconfigured radio resource is sensed in the time space and the frequency space. In some examples, the selection of the preconfigured radio resources according to the example method can start approximately 1000 ms before transmission.

[0045] In examples where two pairs of mobile devices use the same frequency and the same time window (or the same coordinate of a radio resource in the frequency domain and the time domain) for communication, according to the example method of the present disclosure, a collision between the two pairs of mobile devices can be avoided by selecting for each mobile device a specific direction in the spatial domain for transmitting a signal and communicating as a first mobile device in a manner that prevents a collision. For example, the specific direction can be adjusted to coincide with the line of sight of the second mobile device that should receive the transmission.

[0046] In some examples, a particular beam in the spatial domain includes a beam direction and a beam angle. In some examples, the beam angle is up to 90 degrees. In some examples, the beam angle is more than 5 degrees. In some examples, the beam angle is included between 20 and 30 degrees. The beam angle can affect the risk of collision or selectivity of communication. Specifically, transmitting or receiving data using a larger beam angle can increase the risk of interrupting communication due to broadcasting or measuring a larger portion of space. Transmitting data using a reduced beam angle can reduce the risk of communication collision, but can increase the risk of missing a desired communication (e.g., because data transmitted using a narrow beam happens not to reach a target that can be located in a blind spot, or because data reception using a narrow beam misses reception due to data being transmitted in a blind spot). When a given pair of mobile devices (e.g., such as a first mobile device and a second mobile device) are in communication, the devices can use different beam angles.

[0047] In some examples, sensing such as shown in block 101 includes the first mobile device attempting to find an available frequency radio resource (or subchannel) for a desired transmission to the second mobile device. The first mobile device can be preconfigured with knowledge of the frequency location and size of such subchannels.

[0048] In some examples, the mobile device communicates using a high frequency band that is above 30 GHz and up to 63 GHz. In some examples, the mobile device is a vehicle that is provided with four or more panels on a roof of the vehicle, each panel including a uniform linear array of four cross-polarized antenna elements, a distance between any two consecutive antenna elements being λ / 2, where λ is a wavelength corresponding to the antenna, the panels each being perpendicular to a horizontal plane including the roof, each panel facing a direction different from directions faced by the other panels. When using 4 panels, the 4 panels can face 4 cardinal directions (0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, and 210 degrees) that are 90 degrees from each other. In some examples, the antenna elements are identical to each other, each antenna element being provided with a horizontal radiation pattern or radiation pattern. In some examples, each antenna element has an aperture. In some examples, the aperture is 90 degrees. In some examples, multiple panels can be implemented on the mobile device (which can correspond to a UE or user equipment), and multiple panels can be activated at a time. In some examples, at a given time, a single panel can be used for transmission. In some cases, using four panels facing cardinal directions, each panel having an aperture of 90 degrees, a complete 360-degree angular space around the four panels can be divided into four angular complementary intervals, each interval being 90 degrees wide. In some examples, a beamforming mechanism focuses on a given direction around the panel. In such examples, an average beam aperture at 3 dB can be greater than 20 degrees and less than 30 degrees (e.g., 25 degrees).

[0049] As Figure 1As shown in block 102 of the method 100, the method 100 comprises, for each sensed preconfigured radio resource, identifying, by the first mobile device, whether the preconfigured radio resource is occupied by a communication between another mobile device that is synchronized with the first mobile device. A preconfigured radio resource can be considered as occupied if it is identified to transmit a signal at its respective frequency, time window and beam or frequency domain, time domain and spatial domain, coordinates. In some examples, a signal power threshold can be used to determine the occupation of a preconfigured radio resource, whereby a preconfigured radio resource is considered as occupied if a signal is detected on the concerned preconfigured radio resource with a power higher than the threshold. In some examples, such a threshold can be dynamically determined to adapt the threshold to specific circumstances. In some examples, where it is considered that a lower occupation would be less likely to result in a collision risk than a high occupation, a granularity can be introduced to classify the preconfigured radio resources in categories related to the degree of occupation, where the degree of occupation can depend on the power level (e.g. such as the average power level) of the signal detected on the preconfigured resource, a high power signal would correspond to a high occupation and a low power signal to a low occupation. Such an identification can be stored for example in a list or table. The other mobile devices can be mobile devices according to the present disclosure, such other mobile devices being of the same or different type as the first mobile device and the second mobile device. The other mobile devices are each distinct from the first mobile device and the second mobile device. The other mobile devices communicate using resources that are preconfigured radio resources. The preconfigured radio resources form a set of radio resources that any of the first mobile device, the second mobile device or the other mobile devices can use to communicate with another of the first mobile device, the second mobile device or the other mobile devices, and the first mobile device, the second mobile device and the other mobile devices are synchronized. As the various mobile devices share the same set of available preconfigured radio resources for communication, there is a risk of such a communication collision (e.g. if some mobile devices use the same preconfigured resources at a certain point in time). The present disclosure allows to guide the first vehicle to select a particular preconfigured radio resource within the set to communicate with the second vehicle while reducing or inhibiting the risk of a communication collision.

[0050] In some examples, to identify whether a subchannel (or preconfigured radio resource) is used by other mobile devices (e.g., additional mobile devices), the first mobile device attempts to decode a sidelink control information (SCI) of each subchannel or preconfigured radio resource. The mobile device can be preconfigured with the location of the relevant SCI and the associated MCS (modulation and coding scheme). The decoding of the SCI can then be used to eliminate occupied subchannels (in this disclosure, subchannels are also referred to as preconfigured radio resources) to select a particular preconfigured radio resource. In some examples, the particular preconfigured radio resource can be randomly selected among all available preconfigured radio resources that are available and unoccupied.

[0051] In some examples, to identify whether a subchannel (or preconfigured radio resource) is used by other mobile devices (e.g., additional mobile devices), the first mobile device can perform a power measurement on a pilot on each preconfigured radio resource. This measurement can be made, for example, if the first mobile device is unable to decode the SCI attached to the preconfigured radio resource. For example, the power measurement can be averaged over a period of 1000 ms and can result in the identification of the preconfigured radio resource as an occupied preconfigured radio resource. The occupied preconfigured radio resource is then excluded from the selection process according to the exemplary methods of this disclosure.

[0052] In some examples, the SCI format can include the following information:

[0053] - Priority (3 bits);

[0054] - Resource reservation (4 bits). This field is based on the sensing announcement of the resources to be used. This field can be understood as follows:

[0055] [Table 1]

[0056]

[0057] - Frequency resource location of the initial transmission (X bits). Bit pattern used to define the physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) physical resource block (RB) resources;

[0058] - Time gap (4 bits). Number of subframes of the gap between the first transmission and the optional second transmission (HARQ (hybrid automatic repeat request) purpose);

[0059] - MCS (5 bits);

[0060] - Retransmission index (1 bit). Purpose for HARQ, i.e., indicating whether the PSSCH involves a first transmission or an optional second transmission;

[0061] - Reserved bits for zero padding to reach 32 bits.

[0062] The SCI may not include a reselection counter value. In other words, if the first mobile device decodes the SCI, it can use the resource reservation field to obtain information about the duration between the previous and next transmissions, corresponding to the resource reservation interval (RRI). However, N is not specified in the SCI. RRI This means that if the first mobile device decodes the SCI at the end of the sensing window, it may not consider the resource available even if the corresponding resource is the last used resource, because the availability of the resource cannot be predicted in this case.

[0063] like Figure 1 As shown in block 103, method 100 includes: at a first mobile device or a second mobile device, receiving from another mobile device an indication of future utilization of pre-configured radio resources in the spatial domain for each occupied pre-configured radio resource. In some examples, such indication of future utilization of pre-configured radio resources provides an indication of which pre-configured radio resource can be used by the other mobile device at some future point in time. Because the method according to this disclosure is applicable to mobile devices, the spatial relationships between various such mobile devices can evolve over time. In some examples, the first mobile device may be facing the second mobile device at a first moment, while the second mobile device may have moved behind the first mobile device shortly after the first moment. In some examples, the mobile devices are moving at approximately 120 km / h and may cross each other, for example, on a highway, where, if vehicles are circulating in opposite directions, the relative speed between the first and second vehicles, or between either the first or second vehicle and another vehicle, can reach approximately 240 km / h. This relative motion corresponds to 67 m / s. As illustrated by this example of relative movement, for instance, to account for line-of-sight between mobile devices, the selection of a specific beam used for communication in the spatial domain, between a first and second mobile device or between other devices, may need to change over time. Because radio resource utilization can change over time, communication conflicts that have been avoided at a certain point in time may occur at a later point in time (due to one or more mobile devices changing radio resources for communication). The reception of indications of pre-configured radio resource utilization to be used by other mobile devices in the spatial domain in the future is intended to avoid or reduce the risk of such communication conflicts.

[0064] In some cases, when a particular preconfigured radio resource is selected for communication between the first vehicle and the second vehicle, this particular preconfigured radio resource is maintained for a particular duration (e.g., a duration corresponding to a resource reservation interval or RRI). In some examples, during this particular duration of the selection of the particular preconfigured radio resource, the occupancy of some preconfigured radio resources can change. Methods according to the present disclosure allow for preventing this by receiving a future occupancy of the preconfigured radio resource utilization by the additional mobile device, as shown for example in block 103. In some cases, the future according to the present disclosure comprises a period of 5 seconds after receiving the indication of the future occupancy of the preconfigured radio resource utilization in the spatial domain by the additional mobile device. In some cases, the future according to the present disclosure comprises a period of 3 seconds after receiving the indication of the future occupancy of the preconfigured radio resource utilization in the spatial domain by the additional mobile device. In some cases, the future according to the present disclosure comprises a period of 1 second after receiving the indication of the future occupancy of the preconfigured radio resource utilization in the spatial domain by the additional mobile device. In some cases, the future according to the present disclosure comprises a period of 3 RRIs after receiving the indication of the future occupancy of the preconfigured radio resource utilization in the spatial domain by the additional mobile device. In some cases, the future according to the present disclosure comprises a period of 2 RRIs after receiving the indication of the future occupancy of the preconfigured radio resource utilization in the spatial domain by the additional mobile device. In some cases, the future according to the present disclosure comprises a period of 1 RRI after receiving the indication of the future occupancy of the preconfigured radio resource utilization in the spatial domain by the additional mobile device.

[0065] In some examples, when communicating with the second mobile device, the first mobile device transmits a packet during a duration TP (e.g., a time slot duration or a packet transmission time) and waits for a given duration RRI before transmitting other packets on the same preconfigured radio resource. The preconfigured radio resource is then used for a given number of transmissions.

[0066] In some example methods according to the present disclosure, a semi-persistent scheme or SPS is used, parameterized by an RRI, which is the time interval between two consecutive packet transmissions (transmissions can also be referred to as “reservations”) using the same preconfigured radio resource. Example values for RRI are {20, 50, 100, 200, 300, …, 1000} milliseconds (ms), and can be selected based on mobility and other parameters. In some examples, the number of transmissions N RRI (also referred to as a reselection counter) is associated with the RRI in the same SPS, N RRI is computed randomly according to the following rule:

[0067] [Math. 1]

[0068]

[0069] This rule means that equal to N RRI The bounds of the SPS duration TSPS of the RRI are as follows:

[0070] [Equation 2]

[0071] 500ms≤T SPS ,T SPS ≤1500ms if RRI ∈ {20, 50, 100} ms

[0072] In this case, during TSPS, the user makes N RRI transmissions in the same preconfigured radio resource, with each transmission time being TP. For example, in Long Term Evolution (LTE), the transmission duration TP can be 1 ms (TTI). For New Radio (NR), the duration can be dynamic.

[0073] When the N RRI th transmission is reached, the mobile device can reuse the same preconfigured radio resource with the same RRI with probability p, or draw another available preconfigured radio resource with another RRI with probability 1-p. The value of N RRI can be redrawn in both cases.

[0074] In some examples, resource selection according to the present disclosure is according to 3GPP NR V2X Mode 2(a), in particular TR 38.885 entitled “Resource selection procedures for Mode 2(a), in the context of a semi-persistent scheme where resource(s) are selected for multiple transmissions of different TBs and a dynamic scheme where resource(s) are selected for each TB transmission”. In some examples, methods according to the present disclosure apply a semi-persistent scheme (SPS), also referred to herein as a long-term resource reservation. For example, Mode 2(a) can be applied to mobile devices out of coverage (e.g. vehicles that are not reachable by a base station). In some example methods according to the present disclosure, radio resource allocation is not centralized (e.g. at a base station) but distributed. In some examples, a mobile device such as the first mobile device autonomously selects resources for transmission. In some examples, a long-term resource reservation scheme is used to allow for communication.

[0075] In some cases, the indication of preconfigured radio resource utilization of future occupancy in the spatial domain by a further mobile device is received at the first mobile device (i.e. the mobile device that processes sensing as shown for example in block 101 and identification as shown for example in block 102). In such cases, the first mobile device centrally performs an example method according to the present disclosure in some way. In other cases, a second mobile device can be the mobile device that receives the indication of preconfigured radio resource utilization of future occupancy in the spatial domain by a further mobile device. The second mobile device can directly take this information into account in its communication with the first device, or can send relevant related information to the first mobile device in relation thereto. In other cases, the first mobile device receives such an indication in relation to a first group of further mobile devices, and the second mobile device receives such an indication in relation to a second group of further mobile devices, the first and second mobile devices relying on this information to select preconfigured radio resources that both will use for communication. Thus, receipt of this information can be unique to one of the first or second mobile devices, or allocated or shared between the two.

[0076] In some examples (e.g. where the first mobile device is a vehicle and the second mobile device is a base station), the first mobile device is a road user and the second mobile device is an infrastructure device. Figure 1In some examples, the indication of the preconfigured radio resource utilization in the spatial domain by the further mobile device in the future is received using a signal that is orthogonal to a signal used for communication between the first mobile device and the second mobile device. In some cases, once a particular preconfigured radio resource is selected in accordance with the present disclosure, some communication signals (e.g., signals that transmit user data) can be used for communication between the first vehicle and the second vehicle, while control signals (e.g., signals related to information that caused the selection of the particular preconfigured radio resource) can be orthogonal to the communication signals in order to reserve the communication signal bandwidth for user data. In some cases, the orthogonality is achieved by a 90 degree phase shift between the control signals and the communication signals. In some cases, the orthogonality is achieved by, for example, using frequencies below 6 Ghz for the control signals and frequencies above 30 GHz for the user data. In some cases, the orthogonality is achieved by using, for example, one or more specific resource blocks (RBs) for the control signals.

[0077] In some examples, control information related to a particular mobile device (e.g., the first mobile device, the second mobile device, or the further mobile device) including one or more of a particular mobile device identifier (ID) or a particular mobile device mobility information can be broadcasted (i.e., without beamforming) in all directions using a signal that is orthogonal to a signal used to transmit user data. The broadcast of such control information can facilitate the initialization of communication between the first mobile device and the second mobile device. More specifically, a first mobile device having a given first mobile device ID Tx can wish to transmit a packet (user data) to a second mobile device having a second mobile device ID Rx using user data signaling on a particular preconfigured radio resource using exemplary methods in accordance with the present disclosure. In parallel, the first mobile device and the second mobile device can independently obtain resources via SPS using orthogonal spectrum for broadcasting both ID, location, and / or mobility information that is orthogonal to the particular preconfigured radio resource used for user data. In some examples, the first mobile device decodes all possible SCI in the orthogonal spectrum to find the preconfigured radio resources used by one or more second mobile devices. The first mobile device then obtains updated mobility information of the one or more second devices. In some examples, the power used to broadcast control information using the orthogonal spectrum is lower than the power used for user data communication using the particular preconfigured radio resource. Using lower power helps to achieve higher spatial coverage, the lower the power the greater the antenna radiation. In some cases, dedicated panels and antennas with an omnidirectional radiation pattern are provided for such orthogonal spectrum to increase the angular space of coverage.

[0078] As Figure 1As shown in block 104, method 100 includes: selecting specific pre-configured radio resources by a first mobile device or a second mobile device for enabling the first mobile device and the second mobile device to communicate using a specific beam in the spatial domain, thereby reducing or preventing communication conflicts in the spatial domain with future use of pre-configured radio resources.

[0079] Communication collisions can be reduced or prevented by using specific frequencies in the frequency domain, independent of the time or spatial domain. However, using specific frequencies in the frequency domain, independent of the time or spatial domain, means that such frequencies will not be occupied by any other mobile devices, which will greatly reduce the number of radio resources available for communication. Not only does the introduction of the time dimension itself greatly increase the number of available radio resources, but the introduction of the spatial dimension also greatly increases the number of radio resources available for collision-free communication.

[0080] In some cases, according to Figure 1 The example selection of box 104 includes selecting a pre-configured radio resource that shares two coordinates (e.g., coordinates in the time domain and frequency domain) with the occupied pre-configured radio resource, but uses a third coordinate (e.g., coordinates in the spatial domain) that is different from the coordinates associated with the occupied pre-configured radio resource and the coordinates associated with the utilization of the future occupied pre-configured radio resource.

[0081] In some examples, pre-configured radio resources identified as occupied and those indicated as to be occupied in the future are themselves mapped onto a pre-configured radio resource map, such that the map can indicate which pre-configured radio resources remain available (i.e., neither identified as occupied nor indicated for future use). Such pre-configured radio resources remaining available can be candidates for selection, thereby allowing selection from candidates using, for example, one or more criteria or randomly. According to examples of this disclosure, an exemplary criterion could be selecting candidates corresponding to beams aligned with the line-of-sight (LoS) between the first and second vehicles to select a particular pre-configured radio resource in the time, frequency, and spatial domains.

[0082] In some cases (e.g.) Figure 1As shown in block 105 of the example method 100, the method 100 includes communicating between the first mobile device and the second mobile device using the selected particular preconfigured radio resources. Thereby, such communication is conducted while reducing or suppressing the risk of communication collisions.

[0083] As shown in block 105 of the example method 100, the method 100 includes communicating between the first mobile device and the second mobile device using the selected particular preconfigured radio resources. Thereby, such communication is conducted while reducing or suppressing the risk of communication collisions. Figure 1 As shown in block 105 of the example method 100, the method 100 includes communicating between the first mobile device and the second mobile device using the selected particular preconfigured radio resources. Thereby, such communication is conducted while reducing or suppressing the risk of communication collisions.

[0084] Figure 2 Another example method 200 according to the present disclosure is shown. This method 200 includes repeating blocks 101-105 of the example method 100 from Figure 1 As shown in block 105 of the example method 100, the method 100 includes communicating between the first mobile device and the second mobile device using the selected particular preconfigured radio resources. Thereby, such communication is conducted while reducing or suppressing the risk of communication collisions.

[0085] In some examples (e.g., the example shown in FIG. 1), the sending, by the first mobile device or the second mobile device, of the particular indication of the future occupation of the preconfigured radio resource utilization in the spatial domain for the communication between the first mobile device and the second mobile device is performed using a signal that is orthogonal to the signal used for the communication between the first mobile device and the second mobile device. Figure 2

[0086] In some examples (e.g., the example shown in FIG. 1), the sending, by the first mobile device or the second mobile device, of the particular indication of the future occupation of the preconfigured radio resource utilization in the spatial domain for the communication between the first mobile device and the second mobile device is performed using a signal that is orthogonal to the signal used for the communication between the first mobile device and the second mobile device.​Figure 2 In some examples, the method 200 can further include (as indicated by block 207) broadcasting, by the first mobile device or the second mobile device, one or more respective mobile device identifiers and respective mobility information. Broadcasting the respective mobile device identifiers and the respective mobility information can allow a recipient of the broadcast (e.g., a further mobile device) to clearly identify the first mobile device or the second mobile device and the associated trajectory, thereby enabling, for example, association of such mobility information with future occupation of preconfigured resources. The mobility information may, for example, include global positioning system (GPS) coordinates or a series of GPS coordinates. The mobility information may, for example, include an amount of displacement and a direction of displacement represented by a vector or a series of vectors. Such information can allow prediction of a future trajectory of the first mobile device, the second mobile device, or both. In some examples, according to example methods of the present disclosure, such trajectory yields LoS information, and yields future beam selection information.

[0087] In some examples, the mobility information of a particular mobile device can include information related to preconfigured radio resources used by the particular mobile device, such as a particular beam used, or a particular angle or direction used in the spatial domain. In some examples, each particular mobile device (e.g., any of the first mobile device, the second mobile device, or a further mobile device) can use a beam book that includes a list of its own available beams that it is capable of using with its own antenna configuration. In some cases, the beam book can be common to one or more of the first mobile device, the second mobile device, and the further mobile device, whereby beams can be identified in the same common beam book by all such devices in the same common way.

[0088] In some examples, the first mobile device obtains the second mobile device identifier (or a mobile device identifier from a further mobile device) from higher layer signaling (e.g., from one or more of a radio resource control (RRC), a packet data convergence control (PDCP), a radio link control (RLC), a medium access control (MAC), or a physical sublayer). In some examples, the mobile device identifier of the mobile device with which the first mobile device should communicate is available to the first mobile device.

[0089] In some examples (e.g., in the example shown in FIG. 2), the method 200 can further include (as indicated by block 208) receiving, by the first mobile device or the second mobile device, a beam selection request from a further mobile device. The beam selection request may, for example, include a request for a beam selection recommendation for a future time period. The beam selection request may, for example, include a request for a beam selection recommendation for a future time period based on a trajectory of the first mobile device or the second mobile device. The beam selection request may, for example, include a request for a beam selection recommendation for a future time period based on a trajectory of the first mobile device or the second mobile device and based on a trajectory of the further mobile device. Figure 2In some examples, the method 200 can further include (as shown in block 208): receiving, at the first mobile device, one or more of the second mobile device identifier and the second mobile device mobility information; or receiving, at the second mobile device, one or more of the first mobile device identifier and the first mobile device mobility information; and receiving, at the first mobile device or the second mobile device, one or more of the identifier or the mobility information from each of the one or more further mobile devices. This reception of information mirrors the broadcast according to block 207, whereby this information enables the recipient to construct a map of the situation regarding the respective mobile devices, and to construct the evolution of such map over time, in particular for the future, thereby facilitating the identification of potential communication conflicts or collisions in the spatial domain now or in the future.

[0090] In some cases, the first mobile device can have paired or transmitted to one or more second mobile device recipients, and signaled its first mobile device trajectory intent or mobility information and that of all its paired second mobile device recipients. In some examples using LoS-based beamforming, other transmitter mobile devices of the further mobile devices can predict the spatial occupancy of the transmitter first mobile device for the signaled amount of time. Such first mobile device that has paired with its recipients can estimate the trajectory of each recipient. Such first mobile device can then signal or broadcast its own trajectory intent or mobility information, and that of its recipients (second mobile devices) and the associated selected beams or angles.

[0091] In some examples, the mobility information can be included in sidelink control information (SCI) and transmitted contained in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). In some examples (e.g., the table below), the following fields can be used, Tx corresponds to the first mobile device, e.g., as a transmitting mobile device, and Rx(N) corresponds to one or more second mobile devices, as receiving devices, N is an integer taking values of 1 or more, x(t) and y(t) represent geographical coordinates at time t

[0092] [Table 2]

[0093]

[0094] In other examples (e.g., the following table), the following fields can be used, Tx corresponds to a first mobile device, e.g., as a transmitting mobile device, Rx(N) corresponds to one or more second mobile devices, e.g., as receiving devices, N is an integer having a value of 1 or more, x(t), y(t), and z(t) represent geographic coordinates at time t, the z coordinate corresponds to, e.g., an altitude or elevation. In such examples, the content can correspond to a particular time, which can not be periodic. In such examples, the content can correspond to K components, which can be scalars (e.g., angles) or vectors (e.g., coordinates). In other examples (not shown), various t1-t k The time can be different for different Rx(N).

[0095] [Table 3]

[0096]

[0097] In some cases (e.g., according to any of the methods 100 or 200 or other methods of the present disclosure), the use of rules selectively triggers sensing of multiple preconfigured radio resources and selection of a particular preconfigured radio resource. For example, the use of rules can allow adapting the methods of the present disclosure to different cases. In one example, if the future occupancy of a preconfigured radio resource can be predicted over a relatively long period (e.g., due to the fact that a mobile device has a stable trajectory, e.g., on a highway in a low-density area), the methods according to the present disclosure can be iterated with a relatively low frequency (e.g., at most once every 5 seconds) for a given first mobile device. In some examples experiencing rapid changes in trajectory and high density of additional mobile devices (e.g., in a downtown area with heavy traffic), the methods according to the present disclosure can be iterated with a relatively high frequency (e.g., once or more per second). In some examples, the methods according to the present disclosure are iterated at least once every 20 milliseconds (ms) according to a rule. In some examples, the methods according to the present disclosure are iterated at least once every 50 ms according to a rule. In some examples, the methods according to the present disclosure are iterated at least once every 100 ms according to a rule. In some examples, the methods according to the present disclosure are iterated at least once every 200 ms according to a rule. In some examples, the methods according to the present disclosure are iterated at least once every 500 ms according to a rule. In some examples, the methods according to the present disclosure are iterated at least once every 1000 ms according to a rule. In some examples, the methods according to the present disclosure are iterated at most once per second according to a rule. In some examples, the methods according to the present disclosure are iterated at most once every 5 seconds according to a rule. The rules can also indicate a relative frequency between selection and communication. In some examples, selection and communication occur at the same frequency, e.g., allowing selection of a particular radio resource every time a transmission included in a communication occurs, which would e.g., adapt to a dynamic environment. In other cases, selection can occur less frequently than communication, e.g., if selection occurs conditionally, e.g., if during a sensing operation it is detected that occupancy is changing. In some examples, sensing is performed during a majority of the time during which the method is applied. In some examples, sensing is performed during more than 95% of the time during which the method is applied. In some examples, sensing is performed during more than 80% of the time during which the method is applied.

[0098] In some examples, the selection of a preconfigured radio resource according to the methods of the present disclosure is performed with a time granularity lower than the RRI. In some examples, such granularity can be dynamically determined according to rules of the present disclosure (e.g., according to mobile device mobility or radio conditions).

[0099] In some examples, the rule can be implemented such that after the n-th (n > 1, n being an integer) RRI, the sender (e.g., the first mobile device) keeps sensing the pre-configured radio resources sharing the same frequency and time in the frequency and time domains with the specific pre-configured radio resource, and does so for all beams or all beams of its beam book, which includes a limited number of pre-configured beams for the first mobile device. The first mobile device can then select an appropriate beam for transmitting further packets before the end of the (n+1)-th RRI.

[0100] In some examples, the sender first mobile device is given N RRI consecutive transmissions, and either performs sensing to evaluate appropriate pre-configured radio resources without considering mobility information, or performs a prediction of the movement of the receiver second mobile device and changes the beam (i.e., changes the spatial coordinates of the radio resource) according to the movement, while keeping the time and frequency domain coordinates of the radio resource unchanged. Given the mobility information of the mobile devices, the selected pre-configured radio resource can be suitable for multiple senders and receivers (first and second mobile devices) at one time, but not suitable and / or even prone to causing communication collisions with other pairs of communicating mobile devices at another time. The example method can thus be practically iterated periodically.

[0101] In some examples (e.g. Figure 2 The method 200 can also include, in some examples (e.g.

[0102] In some cases (e.g., in emergency situations where emergency messages are sent), the risk of collision or communication collision can be ignored, and the radio resources can not be preempted using the method according to the present disclosure.

[0103] Figure 3 Another example method 300 according to the present disclosure is shown. This method 300 includes from Figure 1 the example method 100 or Figure 2The exemplary method 200 repeats boxes 101-105. The individual boxes of the different methods described herein can actually be combined in different ways. Method 300 also includes box 309: selecting additional mobile devices from a set of surrounding mobile devices using selection criteria. Selecting additional mobile devices from a set of surrounding mobile devices allows for phasing according to the methods of this disclosure and avoids excessively verbose or complex computational operations, especially when the number of surrounding mobile devices is relatively large (e.g., on the order of one hundred or more mobile devices). Regarding surrounding mobile devices, it should be understood that such surrounding mobile devices can be sensed by the first mobile device when communicating using pre-configured radio resources. The surrounding mobile devices under consideration should be synchronized with either the first or second mobile device. In some cases, the surrounding mobile devices may be located less than 1 km from the first mobile device. In some cases, the surrounding mobile devices may be located less than 0.5 km from the first mobile device. In some cases, the surrounding mobile devices may be located less than 200 m from the first mobile device. In some cases, the surrounding mobile devices may be located less than 100 m from the first mobile device. In some cases, the surrounding mobile devices may be located less than 50m from the first mobile device. In some cases, the surrounding mobile devices may be located less than 20m from the first mobile device. In some cases, the surrounding mobile devices may be located less than 10m from the first mobile device. In some cases, the surrounding mobile devices may be located less than 5m from the first mobile device.

[0104] In such Figure 3 In some of the examples shown, the criteria for box 309 include one or more of the distance or SINR between each surrounding mobile device and the first mobile device. When using a distance-related criterion, an additional mobile device can be a surrounding mobile device that is closest to the first mobile device. Mobility information, such as that shown in boxes 207 and 208 of method 200, can be used to assess proximity. In some examples, the criteria include the distance between each surrounding mobile device and the first or second mobile device, whereby the distance between each additional mobile device and the first or second mobile device is less than a threshold. In some examples, the threshold is approximately 50 meters. In some examples, the threshold is approximately 100 meters. In some examples, the threshold is approximately 200 meters. In some examples, the threshold is approximately 500 meters. When using SINR as the criterion, an additional mobile device considered can be, for example, a mobile device with a relatively higher SINR (e.g., a mobile device with a SINR higher than the SINR threshold).

[0105] In some examples, the selection criteria evolves over time, so the number of additional mobile devices selected increases over time. Operating in this way allows for a gradual processing of surrounding vehicles to avoid undue complexity (e.g. in the event that the area surrounding the first vehicle is particularly crowded with mobile devices). In some examples, the transmit power used to communicate with the second mobile device is set to avoid communication collisions with mobile devices located beyond a threshold. In some examples, the transmit power is reduced below the threshold to avoid collisions with surrounding mobile devices that are not additional mobile devices according to the methods of the present disclosure. Such examples are examples of hierarchical spatial multiplexing of long term resource reservations.

[0106] Figure 4 An example mobile device 400 according to the present disclosure is shown, comprising a processor 401 comprising electronic circuitry for computation managed by an operating system, a memory 402 comprising integrated circuitry for storing information used by the processor (e.g. processor 401), and a networking module or communication device 403 for communication and interaction between devices or nodes on a network. The mobile device 400 further comprises a plurality of antennas 410-412 allowing for beamforming or multiplexing in the spatial domain, beamforming allowing for spatial filtering or directional transmission or reception of signals through a combination of constructive and destructive interference. The mobile device 400 can be configured to operate as a first mobile device comprising a processor 401 adapted to perform according to any of the methods of the present disclosure. In some cases, the mobile device can further comprise an omnidirectional antenna configured for orthogonal signals mentioned in the present disclosure.

[0107] Figure 4 A non-transitory machine-readable or computer-readable storage medium (e.g. node memory or storage unit 402) is also shown, whereby the non-transitory machine-readable storage medium is encoded with instructions 404 executable by a processor (e.g. processor 401), the instructions 404 comprising operating the processor 401 to perform according to any of the example methods described herein.

[0108] A computer-readable storage device according to the present disclosure can be any electronic, magnetic, optical, or other physical storage device that stores executable instructions. For example, the computer-readable storage device can be Random Access Memory (RAM), an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), a storage drive, an optical disc, and the like. The computer-readable storage device can be encoded with the executable instructions according to the methods described herein, as described herein.

[0109] The storage device or memory can comprise any electronic, magnetic, optical, or other physical storage device that stores executable instructions as described herein.

Claims

1. A method of communicating between a first mobile device and a second mobile device synchronized with the first mobile device, the method comprising the steps of: sensing, by the first mobile device, a plurality of preconfigured radio resources, each preconfigured radio resource corresponding to a specific set of coordinates in a time domain, a frequency domain and a spatial domain; identifying, by the first mobile device, for each sensed preconfigured radio resource, whether the preconfigured radio resource is occupied for communication between a further mobile device and the first mobile device synchronized with the further mobile device; receiving, at the first mobile device or at the second mobile device, for each occupied preconfigured radio resource, from the further mobile device, an indication of a future occupied preconfigured radio resource utilization by the further mobile device in the spatial domain; selecting, by the first mobile device or by the second mobile device, a specific preconfigured radio resource for the first mobile device and the second mobile device to communicate using a specific beam in the spatial domain, wherein using the specific beam reduces or prevents communication conflict in the spatial domain with the future occupied preconfigured radio resource utilization; communicating between the first mobile device and the second mobile device using the selected specific preconfigured radio resource, and broadcasting, by the first mobile device or by the second mobile device, one or more of a respective mobile device identifier and respective mobility information.

2. The method according to claim 1, the method further comprising the steps of: sending, by the first mobile device or by the second mobile device, to the further mobile device, a specific indication of the future occupied preconfigured radio resource utilization in the spatial domain for communication between the first mobile device and the second mobile device.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The step of receiving the indication of the future occupied preconfigured radio resource utilization by the further mobile device in the spatial domain is performed using signals orthogonal to signals used for communication between the first mobile device and the second mobile device.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein, The step of receiving the indication of the future occupied preconfigured radio resource utilization by the further mobile device in the spatial domain is performed using signals orthogonal to signals used for communication between the first mobile device and the second mobile device.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The step of selecting the specific preconfigured radio resource for the first mobile device and the second mobile device to communicate using a specific beam in the spatial domain takes into account line-of-sight, LoS, information related to the first mobile device, the second mobile device and the further mobile device.

6. The method of claim 2, wherein, The step of selecting the specific preconfigured radio resource for the first mobile device and the second mobile device to communicate using a specific beam in the spatial domain takes into account line-of-sight, LoS, information related to the first mobile device, the second mobile device and the further mobile device.

7. The method of claim 3, wherein, The step of selecting the particular preconfigured radio resources for the first mobile device and the second mobile device to communicate using particular beams in the spatial domain takes into account line of sight, LoS, information related to the first mobile device, the second mobile device and the further mobile devices.

8. The method of claim 4, wherein, The step of selecting the particular preconfigured radio resources for the first mobile device and the second mobile device to communicate using particular beams in the spatial domain takes into account line of sight, LoS, information related to the first mobile device, the second mobile device and the further mobile devices.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of: receiving at the first mobile device one or more of a second mobile device identifier and second mobile device mobility information; or receiving at the second mobile device one or more of a first mobile device identifier and first mobile device mobility information; and receiving at the first mobile device or at the second mobile device one or more of an identifier and mobility information from each of one or more of the further mobile devices.

10. The method of claim 2, further comprising the steps of: receiving at the first mobile device one or more of a second mobile device identifier and second mobile device mobility information; or receiving at the second mobile device one or more of a first mobile device identifier and first mobile device mobility information; and receiving at the first mobile device or at the second mobile device one or more of an identifier and mobility information from each of one or more of the further mobile devices.

11. The method of claim 3, further comprising the steps of: receiving at the first mobile device one or more of a second mobile device identifier and second mobile device mobility information; or receiving at the second mobile device one or more of a first mobile device identifier and first mobile device mobility information; and receiving at the first mobile device or at the second mobile device one or more of an identifier and mobility information from each of one or more of the further mobile devices.

12. The method of claim 4, further comprising the steps of: receiving at the first mobile device one or more of a second mobile device identifier and second mobile device mobility information; or receiving at the second mobile device one or more of a first mobile device identifier and first mobile device mobility information; and receiving at the first mobile device or at the second mobile device one or more of an identifier and mobility information from each of one or more of the further mobile devices.

13. The method of claim 5, further comprising the steps of: receiving at the first mobile device one or more of a second mobile device identifier and second mobile device mobility information; or receiving one or more of a first mobile device identifier and first mobile device mobility information at the second mobile device; and receiving one or more of an identifier and mobility information from each of one or more of the further mobile devices at the first mobile device or at the second mobile device.

14. The method of claim 6, further comprising the steps of: receiving one or more of a second mobile device identifier and second mobile device mobility information at the first mobile device; or receiving one or more of a first mobile device identifier and first mobile device mobility information at the second mobile device; and receiving one or more of an identifier and mobility information from each of one or more of the further mobile devices at the first mobile device or at the second mobile device.

15. The method of claim 7, further comprising the steps of: receiving one or more of a second mobile device identifier and second mobile device mobility information at the first mobile device; or receiving one or more of a first mobile device identifier and first mobile device mobility information at the second mobile device; and receiving one or more of an identifier and mobility information from each of one or more of the further mobile devices at the first mobile device or at the second mobile device.

16. The method of claim 8, further comprising the steps of: receiving one or more of a second mobile device identifier and second mobile device mobility information at the first mobile device; or receiving one or more of a first mobile device identifier and first mobile device mobility information at the second mobile device; and receiving one or more of an identifier and mobility information from each of one or more of the further mobile devices at the first mobile device or at the second mobile device.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein, The step of sensing the plurality of preconfigured radio resources and the step of selecting the particular preconfigured radio resource are selectively triggered using a rule.

18. The method of claim 2, wherein, The step of sensing the plurality of preconfigured radio resources and the step of selecting the particular preconfigured radio resource are selectively triggered using a rule.

19. The method of claim 3, wherein, The step of sensing the plurality of preconfigured radio resources and the step of selecting the particular preconfigured radio resource are selectively triggered using a rule.

20. The method of claim 4, wherein, The step of sensing the plurality of preconfigured radio resources and the step of selecting the particular preconfigured radio resource are selectively triggered using a rule.

21. The method of claim 5, wherein, The step of sensing the plurality of preconfigured radio resources and the step of selecting the particular preconfigured radio resource are selectively triggered using a rule.

22. The method of claim 6, wherein, The step of sensing the plurality of preconfigured radio resources and the step of selecting the particular preconfigured radio resource are selectively triggered using a rule.

23. The method of claim 7, wherein, The step of sensing the plurality of preconfigured radio resources and the step of selecting the particular preconfigured radio resource are selectively triggered using a rule.

24. The method of claim 8, wherein, The step of sensing the plurality of preconfigured radio resources and the step of selecting the particular preconfigured radio resource are selectively triggered using a rule.

25. The method of claim 9, wherein, The step of sensing the plurality of preconfigured radio resources and the step of selecting the particular preconfigured radio resource are selectively triggered using a rule.

26. The method of claim 10, wherein, The step of sensing the plurality of preconfigured radio resources and the step of selecting the particular preconfigured radio resource are selectively triggered using a rule.

27. The method of claim 11, wherein, The step of sensing the plurality of preconfigured radio resources and the step of selecting the particular preconfigured radio resource are selectively triggered using a rule.

28. The method of claim 12, wherein, The step of sensing the plurality of preconfigured radio resources and the step of selecting the particular preconfigured radio resource are selectively triggered using a rule.

29. The method of claim 13, wherein, The step of sensing the plurality of preconfigured radio resources and the step of selecting the particular preconfigured radio resource are selectively triggered using a rule.

30. The method of claim 14, wherein, The step of sensing the plurality of preconfigured radio resources and the step of selecting the particular preconfigured radio resource are selectively triggered using a rule.

31. The method of claim 15, wherein, The step of sensing the plurality of preconfigured radio resources and the step of selecting the particular preconfigured radio resource are selectively triggered using a rule.

32. The method of claim 16, wherein, The step of sensing the plurality of preconfigured radio resources and the step of selecting the particular preconfigured radio resource are selectively triggered using a rule. The step of sensing the plurality of preconfigured radio resources and the step of selecting the particular preconfigured radio resource are selectively triggered using a rule.

33. The method of any one of claims 1 to 32, further comprising the steps of: detecting, by the first mobile device, a potential future communication conflict between the selected particular preconfigured radio resource and the received future occupied preconfigured radio resource utilization; and in response to detecting the conflict, one or more of: selecting an alternative particular preconfigured radio resource for communication between the first mobile device and the second mobile device; and suspending communication during a conflict time.

34. The method of any one of claims 1 to 32, further comprising the steps of: selecting the further mobile device from a set of surrounding mobile devices using a selection criterion.

35. The method of claim 33, further comprising the steps of:

36. The method of claim 34, wherein, selecting the further mobile device from a set of surrounding mobile devices using a selection criterion. The criterion comprises one or more of: a distance between each surrounding mobile device and the first mobile device; and 37. The method of claim 35, wherein, a signal to interference and noise ratio, SINR. The criterion comprises one or more of: a distance between each surrounding mobile device and the first mobile device; and 38. The method of claim 34, wherein, a signal to interference and noise ratio, SINR.

39. The method of claim 35, wherein, The selection criterion evolves over time as the number of selected further mobile devices increases over time.

40. The method of claim 36, wherein, The selection criterion evolves over time as the number of selected further mobile devices increases over time.

41. The method of claim 37, wherein, The selection criterion evolves over time as the number of selected further mobile devices increases over time. The selection criterion evolves over time as the number of selected further mobile devices increases over time.

42. The method of claim 34, wherein, The criteria include a distance between each of the surrounding mobile devices and the first mobile device or the second mobile device, wherein the distance between each of the additional mobile devices and the first mobile device or the second mobile device is less than a threshold value.

43. The method of claim 35, wherein, The criteria include a distance between each of the surrounding mobile devices and the first mobile device or the second mobile device, wherein the distance between each of the additional mobile devices and the first mobile device or the second mobile device is less than a threshold value.

44. The method of claim 36, wherein, The criteria include a distance between each of the surrounding mobile devices and the first mobile device or the second mobile device, wherein the distance between each of the additional mobile devices and the first mobile device or the second mobile device is less than a threshold value.

45. The method of claim 37, wherein, The criteria include a distance between each of the surrounding mobile devices and the first mobile device or the second mobile device, wherein the distance between each of the additional mobile devices and the first mobile device or the second mobile device is less than a threshold value.

46. The method of claim 38, wherein, The criteria include a distance between each of the surrounding mobile devices and the first mobile device or the second mobile device, wherein the distance between each of the additional mobile devices and the first mobile device or the second mobile device is less than a threshold value.

47. The method of claim 39, wherein, The criteria include a distance between each of the surrounding mobile devices and the first mobile device or the second mobile device, wherein the distance between each of the additional mobile devices and the first mobile device or the second mobile device is less than a threshold value.

48. The method of claim 40, wherein, The criteria include a distance between each of the surrounding mobile devices and the first mobile device or the second mobile device, wherein the distance between each of the additional mobile devices and the first mobile device or the second mobile device is less than a threshold value.

49. The method of claim 41, wherein, The criteria include a distance between each of the surrounding mobile devices and the first mobile device or the second mobile device, wherein the distance between each of the additional mobile devices and the first mobile device or the second mobile device is less than a threshold value.

50. The method of claim 42, wherein, The transmit power of the communication between the first mobile device and the second mobile device is set to avoid communication collision with mobile devices located outside the threshold value.

51. The method of claim 43, wherein, The transmit power of the communication between the first mobile device and the second mobile device is set to avoid communication collision with mobile devices located outside the threshold value.

52. The method of claim 44, wherein, The transmit power of the communication between the first mobile device and the second mobile device is set to avoid communication collision with mobile devices located outside the threshold value.

53. The method of claim 45, wherein, The transmit power of the communication between the first mobile device and the second mobile device is set to avoid communication collision with mobile devices located outside the threshold value.

54. The method of claim 46, wherein, The transmit power of the communication between the first mobile device and the second mobile device is set to avoid communication collision with mobile devices located outside the threshold value.

55. The method of claim 47, wherein, The transmit power of the communication between the first mobile device and the second mobile device is set to avoid communication collision with mobile devices located outside the threshold value.

56. The method of claim 48, wherein, The transmit power of the communication between the first mobile device and the second mobile device is set to avoid communication collision with mobile devices located outside the threshold value.

57. The method of claim 49, wherein, setting a transmit power of the communication between the first mobile device and the second mobile device to avoid a communication collision with a mobile device located outside the threshold.

58. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processor of a mobile device, cause the processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1-57.

59. A mobile device comprising a processor, a memory, a networking module, and a plurality of antennas that allow for beamforming, the processor configured to operate according to any one of claims 1-57.

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