A high-power antenna switching switch for shortwave frequency band

Abstract

The present invention relates to a high-power antenna switching switch for shortwave frequency bands. The switch comprises an antenna switch cavity, a single-pole dual-position switch assembly, a signal input port and an input port compensation network, two antenna output ports and an output port compensation network, and a switching control circuit. The switching control circuit controls the common terminal of the single-pole dual-position switch assembly to connect to a normally closed terminal or a normally open terminal, respectively. The signal input port is connected to the common terminal via the input port compensation network, and the two antenna output ports are connected to the normally closed terminal and normally open terminal of the single-pole dual-position switch assembly via two output port compensation networks, respectively. The antenna switch cavity encloses the single-pole dual-position switch assembly and the input / output port compensation network for electromagnetic shielding, while utilizing the sidewalls of the cavity to achieve port compensation tuning. The present invention has high power capacity, excellent performance, and a simple structure, making it suitable for applications in the field of shortwave communication interference emission.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of shortwave communication interference, and in particular relates to a high-power antenna switching switch used in a shortwave frequency band. Background Art

[0002] Shortwave refers to radio waves with a frequency of 3 to 30 MHz. Shortwave propagates primarily by reflection from the ionosphere, where it experiences minimal absorption, favoring ionospheric reflection. A single reflection can achieve a jump distance of 100 to 4,000 km. Several consecutive reflections from the ionosphere and the ground allow for even greater propagation distances. These characteristics make shortwave widely used in the field of communication jamming. Antenna switches are typically used in communication equipment, installed between the antenna and transmitter, to switch the antenna's operating state.

[0003] In the field of shortwave communication interference, there are also many scenarios that require the application of antenna switching switches. For example, in shortwave communication, due to the wide frequency band of shortwave, the antenna is sometimes designed into two sections, one section works in a lower frequency band, and the other section works in a higher frequency band. When used, it is necessary to use the antenna switching switch to switch between the two antennas according to needs; in shortwave communication applications, some transmitting equipment will be equipped with two antennas, one is the main antenna and the other is the secondary antenna. When the main antenna of the device fails during communication and cannot be used, the antenna switching switch is used to switch the transmitting device to the secondary antenna to continue working to maintain communication continuity.

[0004] In existing technology, two types of antenna switching switches are commonly used in shortwave communications. One uses semiconductor components (such as PIN diodes) as switching elements to build a switching network. However, semiconductor devices are complex, expensive, and have low power capacity, making them unsuitable for high-power applications. The other is a radio frequency coaxial switch, widely used in the communications field. Coaxial switches offer good performance, but are expensive and are primarily used in shortwave applications with lower power ratings, generally not exceeding 2 kW. In the medium wave band, researchers have also used high-voltage vacuum relays directly to build antenna switching networks. This approach can achieve switching power levels of tens of kilowatts in the medium wave band (300 kHz to 3 MHz), but it is not suitable for shortwave. Due to the higher frequencies in the shortwave band, the distributed parameters of high-voltage vacuum relays are very significant in the shortwave band. Direct use can result in a significant impedance mismatch between the transmitter and the antenna, and most of the input power will be reflected back to the transmitter, potentially damaging the transmitter.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new high-power antenna switching switch for shortwave frequency band to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to fill the technical gap of high-power antenna switching switches in the shortwave frequency band, and proposes a high-power antenna switching switch for the shortwave frequency band. The main characteristics of the present invention are that a switching network is built by a high-voltage vacuum relay to greatly improve the power capacity of the antenna switching switch; the compensation network is used to compensate the relay switching network to minimize the influence of the distributed parameters of the high-voltage vacuum relay in the shortwave frequency band, thereby optimizing the performance of the antenna switching switch and making it suitable for application in the shortwave frequency band; the present invention has large power capacity, excellent indicators, simple structure, and is suitable for application in the field of shortwave communication interference.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A high-power antenna switching switch for shortwave frequency bands includes an antenna switch cavity, a single-pole double-position switch component, a signal input port and an input port compensation network, two antenna output ports and an output port compensation network, and a switching control circuit. The antenna switch cavity is made of metal to form an electromagnetically sealed structure, enclosing the single-pole double-position switch component and the input / output port compensation network for electromagnetic shielding. The single-pole double-position switch component includes a common terminal COM, a normally closed terminal NC, a normally open terminal NO, and a switching control terminal. When the switching control terminal inputs a first state signal, The COM terminal is short-circuited with the NC terminal, and the COM terminal and the NO terminal are open or high-impedance; when the switch control terminal inputs a second state signal, the COM terminal and the NC terminal are open or high-impedance, and the COM terminal and the NO terminal are short-circuited; the signal input port is connected to the COM terminal of the single-pole double-set switch component through an input port compensation network, one of the two antenna output ports is connected to the NC terminal of the single-pole double-set switch component through an output port compensation network, and the other of the two antenna output ports is connected to the NO terminal of the single-pole double-set switch component through the output port compensation network;

[0009] The switching control circuit includes an input port and an output port. The input port is connected to an external controller and inputs a switch switching signal provided by the external controller; the output port is connected to the switching control port of the single-pole double-set switch assembly and outputs a single-pole double-set switch action signal generated by the switching control circuit according to the input switch switching signal. The signal is one of a first state signal and a second state signal.

[0010] Preferably, the antenna switch cavity is a rectangular metal cavity, and the side wall openings of the cavity are connected to the signal input port and the antenna output port.

[0011] Preferably, the single-pole double-set switch assembly is composed of N high-voltage vacuum relays (N is greater than or equal to 1) connected in parallel; the N high-voltage vacuum relays can be arranged at equal intervals or unequal intervals, the COM terminals of the N high-voltage vacuum relays are connected in parallel, the NC terminals of the N high-voltage vacuum relays are connected in parallel, and the NO terminals of the N high-voltage vacuum relays are connected in parallel, and the COM terminals, NC terminals, and NO terminals of the N relays can be distributed on the same horizontal plane or on different horizontal planes.

[0012] Preferably, the signal input port and the antenna output port are coaxial interfaces, that is, a circular hole is opened on a side wall of the antenna switch cavity, and the circular hole serves as the outer conductor of the coaxial transmission line; a standard RF connector is installed concentrically with the circular hole on the side wall of the antenna switch cavity, and the cylindrical inner conductor of the standard RF connector extends into the interior of the antenna switch cavity through the circular hole on the side wall and is connected to the input and output port compensation network.

[0013] Preferably, the input port compensation network and the output port compensation network are planar compensation capacitors or spiral compensation inductors, both of which are made of high-conductivity metals, such as copper, copper-plated silver, etc.

[0014] Preferably, the input port compensation network includes a copper plate, the wide side of which is parallel to the rear side wall of the antenna switch cavity, and a low-impedance suspended strip line is formed with the rear side wall as a reference ground; N holes are opened on the copper plate, which are connected to the COM ends of N high-voltage vacuum relays through screws, and the four corners of the copper plate are rounded or flat.

[0015] Preferably, the output port compensation network includes two copper plates, which are parallel to the front side walls of the antenna switch cavity and form a low-impedance suspended strip line with the front side walls as a reference ground. The two copper plates are staggered in height, and N rectangular fins are led out from the copper plates, each of which has a small hole. The openings of the N fins on one copper plate are connected to the NC ends of N high-voltage vacuum relays through screws, and the openings of the N fins on the other copper plate are connected to the NO ends of N high-voltage vacuum relays through screws.

[0016] Preferably, the switching control circuit is used to select one of the two antenna output ports as the signal output port.

[0017] Preferably, the switching control circuit controls the com terminals of N high-voltage vacuum relays to be short-circuited with the no terminal and open-circuited with the nc terminal, or short-circuited with the nc terminal and open-circuited with the no terminal at the same time.

[0018] Preferably, the control circuit is composed of a DC power supply, a filter network, a resistor network, and an NMOS tube; the DC power supply outputs a DC voltage, which is connected to a terminal of the coil of the high-voltage vacuum relay to power it; the input end of the control circuit is connected to the gate of the NMOS tube after passing through the filter network and the resistor network, and the input control signal is a digital switching signal, which controls the conduction and shutdown of the NMOS tube; the drain of the NMOS tube is connected to another terminal of the coil of the high-voltage vacuum relay, and the source of the NMOS tube is grounded.

[0019] Preferably, the control circuit is composed of a DC power supply, a filter network, a controller, a resistor network, and an NMOS tube. The DC power supply outputs a DC voltage to power the controller chip; the output of the DC power supply is connected to a terminal of the coil of the high-voltage vacuum relay to provide voltage for it; the input port of the control circuit is an RS485 communication port, which is connected to the controller; the controller receives instructions transmitted by the RS485 communication port and generates a switch control signal according to the content of the instruction; the switch control signal is connected to the gate of the NMOS tube through the resistor network to control the conduction and cutoff of the NMOS tube; the drain of the NMOS tube is connected to another terminal of the coil of the high-voltage vacuum relay, and the source of the NMOS tube is grounded; the controller can be implemented based on a single-chip microcomputer or an FPGA chip.

[0020] Preferably, the switching control circuit counts the number of switching times of the relay as health management data of the single-pole double-position relay.

[0021] Due to the application of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0022] The present invention relates to a high-power antenna switching switch for use in the shortwave frequency band. A switching network is constructed by using high-voltage vacuum relays, thereby significantly improving the power capacity of the antenna switching switch. A compensation network is used to compensate the relay switching network, thereby minimizing the influence of the distributed parameters of the high-voltage vacuum relay in the shortwave frequency band, thereby optimizing the performance of the antenna switching switch and making it suitable for use in the shortwave frequency band. The present invention has high power capacity, excellent indicators, and a simple structure, and is suitable for use in the field of shortwave communication interference. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a principle block diagram of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a top view of the structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a side view of the structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4is a schematic diagram of a switching control circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is an indicator curve diagram of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a top view of the structure of the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a side view of the structure of embodiment 2 of the present invention

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a switching control circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0032] Example 1:

[0033] This embodiment is a high-power antenna switching switch for shortwave frequency band. The principle is as follows Figure 1 As shown, it includes an antenna switch cavity 11, a single-pole double-position switch component 12, a signal input port 13 and an input port compensation network 14, two antenna output ports 16 and an output port compensation network 15, and a switching control circuit 17.

[0034] The antenna switch cavity 11 is made of metal to form an electromagnetically sealed structure, which surrounds the single-pole double-position switch component 12 and the input / output port compensation networks 14 and 16 inside for electromagnetic shielding.

[0035] The single-pole double-position switch assembly 12 includes a common terminal (COM terminal) 121, a normally closed terminal (NC terminal) 122, a normally open terminal (NO terminal) 123, and a switch control terminal 124; when the switch control terminal 124 inputs a first state signal, the COM terminal 121 and the NC terminal 122 are short-circuited, and the COM terminal 121 and the NO terminal 123 are open (or high impedance); when the switch control terminal 124 inputs a second state signal, the COM terminal 121 and the NC terminal 122 are open (or high impedance), and the COM terminal 121 and the NO terminal 123 are short-circuited.

[0036] The signal input port 13 is connected to the COM terminal 121 of the single-pole double-position switch component 12 through an input port compensation network 14. Among the two antenna output ports 16, one is connected to the NC terminal 122 of the single-pole double-position switch component 12 through an output port compensation network 15, and the other is connected to the NO terminal 123 of the single-pole double-position switch component 12 through another output port compensation network 15.

[0037] The switching control circuit 17 includes an input port 171 and an output port 172. The input port 171 is connected to an external controller and inputs a switch switching signal provided by the external controller; the output port 172 is connected to the switching control terminal 124 of the single-pole double-set switch assembly 12 and outputs a single-pole double-set switch action signal generated by the switching control circuit 17 according to the input switch switching signal. The signal is one of the first state signal and the second state signal.

[0038] In this embodiment, the single-pole double-position switch assembly 12 uses a GL53WF high-voltage vacuum relay. The characteristics and indicators of this relay do not constitute the characteristics of this embodiment. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The structure of a high-power antenna switching switch for short-wave frequency band in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, it includes an antenna switch cavity 21, a single-pole double-position switch component 22, a signal input port 23 and an input port compensation network 24, two antenna output ports 25 and an output port compensation network 26, and a switching control circuit 27.

[0039] In this embodiment, the antenna switch cavity 21 is made of metal, forming an electromagnetically sealed structure that encloses a single-pole double-position switch assembly 22 and input / output port compensation networks 24 and 26. The single-pole double-position switch assembly 22 is a GL53WF high-voltage vacuum relay, a double-pole double-position relay with two COM terminals, two NC terminals, and two NO terminals. The two COM terminals of the high-voltage vacuum relay are connected in parallel to serve as the common terminal (COM) 221 of the single-pole double-position switch assembly 22. The two NC terminals are connected in parallel to serve as the normally closed terminal (NC) 222 of the single-pole double-position switch assembly 22. The two NO terminals are connected in parallel to serve as the normally open terminal (NO) 223 of the single-pole double-position switch assembly 22. The terminals of the vacuum relay control coil serve as the switching control terminal 224 of the single-pole double-position switch assembly 22.

[0040] In this embodiment, the signal input port 23 and the antenna output port 25 are both standard L52 RF plugs with an impedance of 50 ohms. A circular hole is opened on the antenna switch cavity 21, and the RF plug is installed on the side wall of the cavity by screws. The metal cylindrical inner conductor of the RF plug penetrates into the interior of the cavity through the circular hole in the side wall and is connected to the input / output compensation network 24 and 26 by screws.

[0041] In this embodiment, the input port compensation network 24 is a copper plate whose wide side is parallel to the rear side wall 111 of the antenna switch cavity 11, and forms a low-impedance suspended strip line with the rear side wall 111 as a reference ground; a hole is opened in the copper plate and connected to the two com terminals of the high-voltage vacuum relay GL53WF by screws, and the four corners of the copper plate are rounded.

[0042] In this embodiment, the two output port compensation networks 26 are two copper plates, which are parallel to the front side wall 112 of the antenna switch cavity 11 and form a low-impedance suspended strip line with the front side wall 112 as a reference ground. The copper plates are distributed on the left and right sides of the vacuum relay. A metal fin extends from the copper plate, and a hole is opened in the fin. The opening of the fin on one copper plate is connected to the two NC terminals of the high-voltage vacuum relay via screws, and the opening of the fin on the other copper plate is connected to the two NO terminals of the high-voltage vacuum relay via screws. The copper plates have rounded corners.

[0043] The switching control circuit 27 of this embodiment is installed at the bottom of the antenna switch cavity 21, and includes a switching signal input terminal 271, a power supply 272, a filter network 273, a current limiting resistor 274, a MOS tube 275 and a switching signal output terminal 276. Figure 4 As shown, the power supply 272 provides current for the relay coil, the control signal is a digital switch signal input from the switching signal input terminal 271, the control signal controls the conduction and shutdown of the MOS tube 275, and the output signal is the driving current signal of the coil of the high-voltage vacuum relay.

[0044] The microwave electromagnetic field simulation of this embodiment is carried out, and the results are as follows Figure 5 As shown, the antenna switch has a return loss of less than -36dB in the 3-30MHz frequency band, an insertion loss of less than -0.1dB at the active antenna output port, and an isolation of less than -26dB between the open and active antenna output ports, all excellent performance indicators. The GL53WF high-voltage vacuum relay selected in this embodiment has a maximum current flow rate of 30A at a frequency of 30MHz through a single terminal, and a maximum current flow rate of 60A when two terminals are used in parallel. Therefore, the antenna switch can achieve a maximum power flow rate of 30kW in the 3-30MHz frequency band, making it ideal for use in high-power scenarios.

[0045] Example 2:

[0046] Please refer to Figure 6-Figure 8 This embodiment is a high-power antenna switching switch for shortwave frequency band, which includes an antenna switch cavity 31, a single-pole double-set switch component 32, a signal input port 33 and an input port compensation network 34, two antenna output ports 35 and an output port compensation network 36, and a switching control circuit 37.

[0047] The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the single-pole double-position switch assembly 32 is composed of two GL52 high-voltage vacuum relays connected in parallel. This model of high-voltage vacuum relay is a single-pole double-position relay with one COM terminal, one NC terminal, and one NO terminal. The two COM terminals of the two high-voltage vacuum relays are connected in parallel to serve as the common terminal (COM terminal) of the single-pole double-position switch assembly 32, the two NC terminals are connected in parallel to serve as the normally closed terminal (NC terminal) of the single-pole double-position switch assembly 32, and the two NO terminals are connected in parallel to serve as the normally open terminal (NO terminal) of the single-pole double-position switch assembly 32.

[0048] This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the output port compensation network 36 is composed of two copper plates that are staggered in height.

[0049] This embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the switching control circuit 37 includes a signal input terminal 371, a power supply 372, a filter network 373, a single-chip microcomputer chip 374, a current-limiting resistor 375, an NMOS transistor 376, and a switching signal output terminal 377. The power supply 372 provides voltage to the single-chip microcomputer chip 374, and the control signal is an RS485 signal. After the control signal is communicated with the single-chip microcomputer chip 374, the single-chip microcomputer chip 374 outputs a level signal to drive the NMOS transistor 376 on and off. The output signal is a driving current signal for the high-voltage vacuum relay coil, which simultaneously drives the state switching of the two vacuum relays.

[0050] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention. Its structure, size, high-voltage vacuum relay model, etc. do not constitute any limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. Any technical solution formed by using the same principle or equivalent transformation shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-power antenna switching switch for shortwave frequency band, characterized by: It includes A single-pole double-set switch assembly having a common terminal COM, a normally closed terminal NC, a normally open terminal NO and a switching control terminal; a signal input port, electrically connected to the common terminal COM through an input port compensation network; a switching control circuit, wherein an output port thereof is electrically connected to the switching control terminal and an input port thereof receives a switching signal provided by an external controller, and wherein the switching control circuit outputs a first state signal or a second state signal to the switching control terminal according to the switching signal; when the first state signal is input, the common terminal COM and the normally closed terminal NC are short-circuited, and the common terminal COM and the normally open terminal NO are open or have high impedance; when the second state signal is input, the common terminal COM and the normally closed terminal NC are open or have high impedance, and the common terminal COM and the normally open terminal NO are short-circuited; a first antenna output port, which is electrically connected to the normally open terminal NO through a first output port compensation network; a second antenna output port, electrically connected to the normally closed terminal NC through a second output port compensation network; an antenna switch cavity having an electromagnetic shielding cavity formed therein, wherein the single-pole double-set switch component, the switching control circuit, the first output port compensation network, and the first output port compensation network are all disposed within the antenna switch cavity; The single-pole double-set switch assembly is a high-voltage vacuum relay; the high-voltage vacuum relay is a double-pole double-set relay having two com terminals, two nc terminals, and two no terminals; The two COM terminals are connected in parallel to form the common terminal COM; The two NC terminals are connected in parallel to form the normally closed terminal NC; The two NO terminals are connected in parallel to form the normally open terminal NO; The terminal of the double-pole double-position relay control line package forms the switching control terminal; The input port compensation network is a copper plate structure, the surface of which is arranged parallel to the rear side wall surface of the antenna switch cavity, and a low-impedance suspended strip line is formed with the rear side wall surface as a reference ground; an opening is provided on the copper plate structure, which is connected to the two COM terminals of the double-pole double-position relay by screws.

2. The high-power antenna switching switch for the shortwave frequency band according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal input port, the first antenna output port, and the second antenna output port are all arranged on the outer surface of the antenna switch cavity.

3. The high-power antenna switching switch for shortwave frequency band according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first output port compensation network and the second output port compensation network are both copper plate structures, the plate surface of the copper plate structure is arranged parallel to the front side wall surface of the antenna switch cavity, and a low-impedance suspended strip line is formed with the front side wall surface as a reference ground; a metal fin is extended on the copper plate structure, and an opening is provided on the metal fin, one end of the metal fin of the first output port compensation network is connected to the two NO terminals of the double-pole double-position relay through a screw; one end of the metal fin of the second output port compensation network is connected to the two NC terminals of the double-pole double-position relay through a screw.

4. The high-power antenna switching switch for shortwave frequency band according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switching control circuit includes a switching signal input terminal, a filter network, a current-limiting resistor, a MOS transistor, a switching signal output terminal, and a power supply electrically connected in sequence; the power supply provides current to the coil of the single-pole double-set switch component, the digital switch control signal input by an external controller is input from the switching signal input terminal, the control signal controls the conduction and shutdown of the MOS transistor, and the switching signal output terminal outputs a driving current signal for driving the high-voltage vacuum relay coil to achieve state switching of the high-voltage vacuum relay.

5. The high-power antenna switching switch for shortwave frequency band according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first output port compensation network and the second output port compensation network are two copper plate structures, the plate surfaces of the copper plate structures are parallel to the side wall surfaces of the antenna switch cavity, and the two copper plate structures are arranged in the same vertical plane and staggered in the height direction; the two ends of one of the copper plate structures are connected to the NC terminals of two high-voltage vacuum relays, and the two ends of the other copper plate structure are connected to the NO terminals of two high-voltage vacuum relays.

6. The high-power antenna switching switch for shortwave frequency band according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switching control circuit includes a signal input terminal, a filter network, a single-chip microcomputer chip, a current-limiting resistor, an NMOS transistor, a switching signal output terminal and a power supply electrically connected in sequence; the power supply provides voltage for the single-chip microcomputer chip, and the control signal is an RS485 signal. After the control signal communicates with the single-chip microcomputer chip, the single-chip microcomputer chip outputs a level signal to drive the conduction and shutdown of the NMOS transistor, and the switching signal output terminal outputs a driving current signal to drive the high-voltage vacuum relay coil to realize the state switching of the high-voltage vacuum relay.

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