Method for implementing multi-functional chip integrated mach-zehnder interferometer

Abstract

The application provides a multifunctional chip integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer, which can support functions such as all-optical quantum path selection, Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, wavelength conversion based on nonlinear effects, all-optical switching based on cross-phase modulation or photo-induced free carriers. Based on the relatively mature chip integrated optical path preparation process at the present stage, the application takes into account the advantages of high modulation rate, low insertion loss, high mechanical stability, high preparation efficiency and the like, and is expected to be widely applied in super-large-scale chip integrated optoelectronic systems, and to provide solid support for various applications such as coding and decoding integrated all-optical communication, communication detection integrated quantum interference, multi-degree-of-freedom multiplexing signal processing and the like.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the cross-disciplinary field of integrated optics, semiconductor physics and microwave photonics, and particularly relates to a chip-integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer capable of realizing path selection, Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, wavelength conversion, optical-controlled switch and other functions, and more particularly relates to a method and system for realizing multifunctional chip-integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a storage medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] Optoelectronic information systems are usually composed of a series of discrete optoelectronic devices and can perform a variety of complex functions. Common optoelectronic information systems include optical communication systems, optical switching systems, optical computers, all-optical signal processing systems and microwave photonics systems, etc. These systems are mainly constructed through free-space optical paths or all-fiber optical paths, and have the disadvantages of large volume, poor stability, difficult coordination and control, and slow upgrade rate, which makes it difficult to apply them in large-scale in environments outside the laboratory. On the other hand, thanks to the rapid development of precision micro-nano device fabrication processes, a large number of chip-integrated optoelectronic devices, including optical modulators, optical filters, optical attenuators, directional couplers, polarization beam splitters and wavelength division multiplexers, have achieved similar performance to discrete optoelectronic devices, laying a solid foundation for the integration of single-chip optoelectronic information systems.

[0003] Mach-Zehnder interferometers can realize path selection, optical switch, wavelength division multiplexing and other functions, and are widely used in optical communication encoding and decoding, quantum interference measurement, optical phased arrays and other systems. As a commonly used optical structure, the functional multiplexing of Mach-Zehnder interferometers will greatly improve the work efficiency of single-chip integrated optical circuits, making it possible to realize multifunctional multiplexing optoelectronic information system terminal devices. SUMMARY

[0004] Based on the problems of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present application is how to prepare a Mach-Zehnder interferometer through chip-integrated waveguide standard process, with both arms of the interferometer being equal in length and capable of producing effective nonlinear response.

[0005] In view of the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a multifunctional microcavity waveguide structure based on a plating layer structure, a directional coupler and a carrier straight waveguide are prepared in two arms of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and a plating layer and an external electrode are grown above the transmission waveguide of the interference arm. By applying a bias voltage to the plating layer to change the free carrier concentration and adjust the waveguide refractive index, high-speed electro-optic modulation, path selection quantum state regulation and electrically controlled optical switching functions can be achieved; Hong-Ou-Mandel interference function can be achieved by using the directional coupler to guide two single-photon sequences into a 50%-50% optical beam splitter; nonlinear wavelength conversion, nonlinear multi-point broadcasting and other functions can be achieved by using the directional coupler to guide the pump light field into the transmission waveguide; and the light-controlled all-optical switching function can be achieved based on the principle of cross-phase modulation or photo-induced free carrier by using the directional coupler to guide the pump light into the transmission waveguide.

[0006] In order to achieve the above effects, the method for realizing multifunctional chip integrated Mach-Zehnder interference provided by the present application uses a 50%-50% optical beam splitter, a directional coupler, a phase shifter based on a plating layer structure and a high nonlinear waveguide to construct a multifunctional chip integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer; different signal light fields and pump light fields are guided into different ports, and different voltages are applied to the plating layer structure to realize path selection quantum state regulation, Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, nonlinear wavelength conversion and photo-induced all-optical switching functions, and a single device structure is used to support quantum communication protocol implementation, high-precision quantum measurement, wavelength division multiplexing signal processing and high-speed optical field interaction related applications.

[0007] Preferably, the two arms of the above interferometer are equal in length and can produce effective nonlinear response, four directional couplers and corresponding carrier straight waveguides are prepared in the two arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a transition metal sulfide or other two-dimensional layered material plating layer is grown above the transmission waveguide of the interference arm, and an external electrode is prepared in a matched manner.

[0008] Preferably, the above method applies a bias voltage to the plating layer to change the free carrier concentration and adjust the waveguide refractive index, thereby realizing high-speed electro-optic modulation, path selection quantum state regulation and electrically controlled optical switching functions.

[0009] Preferably, the above method specifically comprises:

[0010] Step one, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is prepared by a chip integrated waveguide standard process, the two arms of the interferometer are equal in length and can produce effective nonlinear response, four directional couplers and corresponding carrier straight waveguides are prepared in the two arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a transition metal sulfide or other two-dimensional layered material plating layer is grown above the transmission waveguide of the interference arm, and an external electrode is prepared in a matched manner;

[0011] Step two, the free carrier concentration is changed and the waveguide refractive index is adjusted by applying a bias voltage to the coating layer, and based on this, the functions of high-speed electro-optical modulation, path selection quantum state regulation and electrically controlled optical switch are realized;

[0012] Step three, the single photon sequence can be introduced into a 50%-50% optical beam splitter by using a directional coupler, and Hong-Ou-Mandel interference function is realized;

[0013] Step four, the pump light field is introduced into the transmission waveguide by using a directional coupler, and based on the four-wave mixing effect and other nonlinear effects, the functions of nonlinear wavelength conversion, nonlinear multi-point broadcast and other functions are realized, and based on the cross-phase modulation and light-induced free carrier, the functions of optical control all-optical switch are realized.

[0014] Preferably, the above-mentioned pump light field includes a first pump light field for nonlinear wavelength conversion and a second pump light field for optical control all-optical switch, the first pump light field has near-zero abnormal dispersion and the wavelength of the signal light field is less than the gain bandwidth, and the second pump light field generates high nonlinear phase shift or high concentration free carrier in the waveguide at low power.

[0015] Preferably, the above-mentioned signal light field is transmitted in the waveguide with low loss, is continuous light, pulsed light or single photon sequence, and the first pump light field, the second pump light field and the signal light field need to have the same repetition frequency, similar propagation constant and near-zero time sequence mismatch.

[0016] Preferably, the above-mentioned directional coupler needs to include two input ends and an output end, the pump light field and the signal light field are input from the input end, the pump light field is combined and transmitted with the signal light field through evanescent wave coupling and is output from the output end, the cross-coupling coefficient of the pump light field is maximum, and the cross-coupling coefficient of the signal light field is minimum.

[0017] The present application provides a system based on the above-mentioned method for realizing multi-functional chip integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer, which comprises a grating coupler, an optical beam splitter, a directional coupler, a coating structure and an external electrode.

[0018] The signal light field is input from the two ports of the first side, is separated into two paths by the 50%-50% optical beam splitter in equal proportion, one of which produces a phase delay under the influence of the external voltage control coating structure, and is finally output from the two ports of the second side according to the actual proportion requirement;

[0019] The single photon sequence with a wavelength of λ1 is input from the two ports of the second side, is coupled into the two arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer through the two directional couplers of the second side, and produces single photon interference in the 50%-50% optical beam splitter of the first side and is randomly output from any one of the two ports of the first side;

[0020] The pump light field with wavelength of λ1 is input from a port of the second side and coupled into the upper arm of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer through the directional coupler, and the signal light field with wavelength of λ2 is input from a port of the second side and input into the upper arm of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer through the 50%-50% optical beam splitter, the pump light field and the signal light field generate four-wave mixing, stimulated Raman scattering nonlinear effect in the high nonlinear waveguide of the upper arm of the interferometer, the information carried by the signal light field is copied into another idler light field, and the nonlinear wavelength conversion is completed by outputting from two ports of the first side in equal proportion.

[0021] The signal light field is input from two ports of the first side, separated into two paths in equal proportion through the 50%-50% optical beam splitter, and the pump light field is input from a port of the first side and coupled into an arm of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer through the directional coupler; the pump light field causes phase shift of the signal light field through the nonlinear Kerr effect, or causes phase shift of the signal light field through the photo-induced free carrier, or causes phase shift of the signal light field through the plating photo-induced free carrier; the signal light field which senses the phase delay is output from two ports of the second side in actual proportion.

[0022] Preferably, the coupling efficiency of the two directional couplers in the above system at the signal wavelength λ1 must be the highest, and the coupling efficiency at the signal wavelength λ2 must be the lowest, and the coupling efficiency of the two directional couplers at the signal wavelength λ1 must be the lowest.

[0023] The coupling efficiency of the two directional couplers at the signal wavelength λ3 must be the highest, and the coupling efficiency of the two directional couplers at the signal wavelength λ2 must be the lowest.

[0024] A computer readable storage medium, having stored thereon a computer program, which is executed by a processor to implement the above method.

[0025] A computer program product, comprising a computer program / instruction, which is executed by a processor to implement the steps of the above method.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the application is based on the relatively mature chip integrated optical path preparation process at the present stage, and has the advantages of high modulation rate, low insertion loss, high mechanical stability, high preparation efficiency and the like, and is expected to be widely applied in super-large-scale chip integrated optoelectronic systems, and to provide solid support for a variety of applications such as coding and decoding integrated all-optical communication, communication detection integrated quantum interference, and multi-degree-of-freedom multiplexing signal processing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the application will be briefly introduced as follows, and other drawings can also be obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor on the premise that the drawings are not attached.

[0028] Figure 1 A structure diagram of a multifunctional chip integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure is shown;

[0029] Figure 2 A flow diagram of an embodiment of a method for implementing a multifunctional chip integrated Mach-Zehnder interference is shown;

[0030] Figure 3 A flow diagram of another embodiment of a method for implementing a multifunctional chip integrated Mach-Zehnder interference is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present application will be described below in detail, in order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear and apparent, the following further describes the present application in detail in combination with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only configured to explain the present application, and are not configured to limit the present application. The present application can be implemented without some of these specific details for those skilled in the art. The following description of the embodiments is only to provide a better understanding of the present application by showing examples of the present application.

[0032] It should be noted that, in this paper, relationship terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between the entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "contain" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without more limitations, the elements defined by the statement "include" do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0033] An embodiment of a method for implementing a multifunctional chip integrated Mach-Zehnder interference is provided, which uses a 50%-50% optical beam splitter, a directional coupler, a phase shifter based on a plating structure and a high nonlinear waveguide to construct a multifunctional chip integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer; different signal light fields and pump light fields are introduced from different ports, and different voltages are applied to the plating structure, to realize path selection quantum state control, Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, nonlinear wavelength conversion and photo-induced all-optical switching functions, and to support quantum communication protocol implementation, high-precision quantum measurement, wavelength division multiplexing signal processing and high-speed optical field interaction related applications using a single device structure.

[0034] In some embodiments, the two arms of the interferometer are of equal length and can generate an effective nonlinear response. The two arms of the Machzent interferometer are fabricated with four directional couplers and corresponding carrier waveguides. A two-dimensional layered material coating such as a transition metal sulfide is grown on the transmission waveguide of the interferometer arm, and an external electrode is fabricated accordingly.

[0035] In some embodiments, the method applies a bias voltage to the coating to change the free carrier concentration and adjust the waveguide refractive index, thereby realizing high-speed electro-optic modulation, path-selective quantum state control, and electro-optical switching functions.

[0036] This invention provides an embodiment of a method for integrating Mach-Zehnder interferometry into a multifunctional chip, specifically including:

[0037] Step 1: A Machzent interferometer is fabricated using a chip-integrated waveguide standard process. The two arms of the interferometer are of equal length and can generate an effective nonlinear response. The two arms of the Machzent interferometer are fabricated with four directional couplers and corresponding carrier straight waveguides. A two-dimensional layered material coating such as transition metal sulfide is grown on the transmission waveguide of the interferometer arm, and an external electrode is fabricated accordingly.

[0038] Step 2: Apply a bias voltage to the coating to change the free carrier concentration and adjust the waveguide refractive index, thereby realizing high-speed electro-optic modulation, path selection quantum state control and electro-optic switching functions.

[0039] Step 3: Using a directional coupler, single-photon sequences can be introduced into a 50%-50% optical beam splitter to achieve Hong-Ou-Mandel interference.

[0040] Step 4: Use a directional coupler to guide the pump light field into the transmission waveguide. Based on nonlinear effects such as four-wave mixing, nonlinear wavelength conversion and nonlinear multi-point broadcasting functions can be realized. Based on refractive index modulation such as cross-phase modulation and photoinduced free carriers, optical control all-optical switching functions can be realized.

[0041] In some embodiments, the pump field includes a first pump field for nonlinear wavelength conversion and a second pump field for optically controlled all-optical switching. The first pump field has near-zero anomalous dispersion and is wavelength detuned from the signal field below the gain bandwidth. The second pump field generates high nonlinear phase shift or high concentration of free carriers in the waveguide at low power.

[0042] In some embodiments, the signal light field is transmitted in the waveguide with low loss and is a continuous light, pulsed light or single photon sequence. The first pump light field, the second pump light field and the signal light field need to have the same repetition frequency, similar propagation constants and near-zero timing mismatch.

[0043] In some embodiments, the directional coupler needs to include two input terminals and one output terminal. The pump optical field and the signal optical field are input from the input terminals. The pump optical field is coupled with the signal optical field through evanescent wave coupling and transmitted together and is output from the output terminal. The pump optical field has the largest cross-coupling coefficient and the signal optical field has the smallest cross-coupling coefficient.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment demonstrates a multifunctional chip-integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure, which consists of a grating coupler, an optical beam splitter, a directional coupler, a coating structure, and external electrodes, etc., and its specific functions are as follows:

[0045] (1) Functions include high-speed electro-optic modulation, path selection quantum state control, electro-optical switching, and tunable wavelength division multiplexing: The signal light field is input from ports 2 and 3 on the left side, and is proportionally (probabilistically) split into two paths by a 50%-50% optical beam splitter. One path experiences phase delay under the influence of the external voltage-controlled coating structure, and is finally output from ports 6 and 7 on the right side according to the actual proportional (probabilistic) requirements. It should be noted that the coupling efficiency of the two directional couplers on the right side at the signal wavelength λ2 must be at its lowest at this time.

[0046] (2) Hong-Ou-Mandel Interference Function: Two single-photon sequences with wavelength λ1 are input from ports 5 and 8 on the right side, coupled through the two directional couplers on the right side into the two arms of the Machzent interferometer, generating single-photon interference in the 50%-50% optical beam splitter on the left side, and outputting randomly from either port 2 or 3 on the left side. It should be noted that the coupling efficiency of the two directional couplers on the right side at the signal wavelength λ1 must be the highest, and the coupling efficiency of the two directional couplers on the left side at the signal wavelength λ1 must be the lowest.

[0047] (3) Nonlinear wavelength conversion and nonlinear multi-point broadcasting functions: The pump light field with wavelength λ1 is input from port 5 on the right and coupled into the upper arm of the Machzent interferometer through a directional coupler. The signal light field with wavelength λ2 is input from port 6 on the right and enters the upper arm of the Machzent interferometer through a 50%-50% optical beam splitter. The pump light field and the signal light field generate nonlinear effects such as four-wave mixing and stimulated Raman scattering in the highly nonlinear waveguide of the upper arm of the interferometer. The information carried by the signal light field is copied to another idler light field and output proportionally from ports 2 and 3 on the left, which is nonlinear wavelength conversion. When there is more than one pump light field, the information carried by the signal light field will be copied to multiple idler light fields, which is nonlinear multi-point broadcasting. It should be noted that at this time, the coupling efficiency of the two directional couplers on the right must be the highest at the signal wavelength λ1 and the lowest at the signal wavelength λ2, and the coupling efficiency of the two directional couplers on the left must be the lowest at the signal wavelength λ1.

[0048] (4) Optically Controlled All-Optical Switch: The signal light field is input from ports 2 and 3 on the left side, and is proportionally (probabilistically) split into two paths by a 50%-50% optical beam splitter. The pump light field is input from port 1 or 4 on the left side, and is coupled into one arm of the Machzent interferometer through a directional coupler. The pump light field causes phase shift of the signal light field through the nonlinear Kerr effect, or through photoinduced free carriers, or through the coating photoinduced free carriers. The signal light field that experiences phase delay is output from ports 6 and 7 on the right side according to the actual proportional (probabilistic) requirements. It should be noted that at this time, the coupling efficiency of the two directional couplers on the left side at the signal wavelength λ3 must be the highest, and the coupling efficiency of the two directional couplers on the right side at the signal wavelength λ2 must be the lowest.

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, this invention provides an embodiment of a method for implementing multifunctional chip integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometry, comprising:

[0050] S101. Device fabrication: A multifunctional chip-integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer is constructed using a 50%-50% optical beam splitter, a directional coupler, a phase shifter based on a coating structure, and a highly nonlinear waveguide.

[0051] S102 enables various functions, allowing the introduction of different signal and pump light fields from different ports and the application of different voltages to the coating structure. This enables functions such as path selection quantum state manipulation, Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, nonlinear wavelength conversion, and photo-induced all-optical switching. It also supports various applications such as quantum communication protocol implementation, high-precision quantum measurement, wavelength division multiplexing signal processing, and high-speed optical field interaction using a single device structure.

[0052] like Figure 3 As shown, this invention provides an embodiment of a method for implementing multifunctional chip integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometry, comprising:

[0053] S201. A Machzent interferometer is fabricated using a chip-integrated waveguide standard process. The two arms of the interferometer are of equal length and can generate an effective nonlinear response. The two arms of the Machzent interferometer are fabricated with four directional couplers and corresponding carrier straight waveguides. A two-dimensional layered material coating such as transition metal sulfide is grown on the transmission waveguide of the interferometer arm, and an external electrode is fabricated accordingly.

[0054] S202. Applying a bias voltage to the coating can change the free carrier concentration and adjust the waveguide refractive index, thereby enabling functions such as high-speed electro-optic modulation, path-selective quantum state control, and electro-optic switching.

[0055] S203. A directional coupler can be used to introduce a single photon sequence into a 50%-50% optical beam splitter and realize the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference function.

[0056] S204. The pump light field is introduced into the transmission waveguide using a directional coupler. Based on nonlinear effects such as four-wave mixing, nonlinear wavelength conversion and nonlinear multi-point broadcasting can be realized. Based on refractive index modulation such as cross-phase modulation and photoinduced free carriers, optical control all-optical switching can be realized.

[0057] This invention provides an embodiment of a multifunctional chip-integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer system, including a grating coupler, an optical beam splitter, a directional coupler, a coating structure, and external electrodes;

[0058] The signal light field is input from the two ports on the first side, and is split into two paths proportionally by a 50%-50% optical beam splitter. One of the paths generates a phase delay under the influence of the coating structure controlled by the external voltage, and is finally output from the two ports on the second side according to the actual proportional requirements.

[0059] Two single-photon sequences with wavelength λ1 are input from the two ports on the second side, coupled into the two arms of the Machzent interferometer through the two directional couplers on the second side, and generate single-photon interference in the 50%-50% optical beam splitter on the first side and randomly output from either of the two ports on the first side.

[0060] A pump light field with wavelength λ1 is input from one port on the second side and coupled into the upper arm of the Machzent interferometer through a directional coupler. A signal light field with wavelength λ2 is input from one port on the second side and enters the upper arm of the Machzent interferometer through a 50%-50% optical beam splitter. The pump light field and the signal light field generate four-wave mixing and stimulated Raman scattering nonlinear effects in the highly nonlinear waveguide of the upper arm of the interferometer. The information carried by the signal light field is copied into another idler light field and output proportionally from the two ports on the first side, thus completing the nonlinear wavelength conversion.

[0061] The signal light field is input from the two ports on the first side and split into two paths proportionally by a 50%-50% optical beam splitter. The pump light field is input from the first port and coupled into one arm of the Machzent interferometer through a directional coupler. The pump light field causes phase shift of the signal light field through nonlinear Kerr effect, or through photoinduced free carriers, or through the coating photoinduced free carriers. The signal light field that senses the phase delay is output from the two ports on the second side according to the actual proportional requirements.

[0062] In some specific embodiments, the coupling efficiency of the two directional couplers of the above system must be the highest at signal wavelength λ1 and the lowest at signal wavelength λ2, and the coupling efficiency of the two directional couplers on the first side must be the lowest at signal wavelength λ1.

[0063] The coupling efficiency of the two directional couplers on the first side must be the highest at signal wavelength λ3, and the coupling efficiency of the two directional couplers on the second side must be the lowest at signal wavelength λ2.

[0064] The present invention also provides an embodiment of a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method.

[0065] The present invention also provides an embodiment of a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method.

[0066] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0067] First, the Machzent interferometer described in this invention can support multiple optical functions and can make full use of traveling wave fields in two directions, providing a feasible solution for "one device, multiple functions";

[0068] Secondly, the Machzent interferometer described in this invention has a simple structure, reliable performance, and is easy to implement. It is well compatible with standard fabrication processes for chip-integrated waveguides such as silicon-on-insulator and is expected to be applied in many fields such as all-optical communication, quantum communication and quantum measurement, microwave photonic signal processing, and optical phased arrays.

[0069] Furthermore, the concept of functional multiplexing devices proposed in this invention can enhance the versatility and universality of Machzent interferometers, endow chip-integrated optoelectronic systems with certain software-definable capabilities, and provide an important solution for the research and development of large-scale integrated optoelectronic information systems.

[0070] For ease of description, the above devices are described separately by function as various units. Of course, in implementing this application, the functions of each unit can be implemented in one or more software and / or hardware.

[0071] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0072] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0073] This application can be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, that are executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc., that perform a specific task or implement a specific abstract data type. This application can also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices connected via a communication network. In distributed computing environments, program modules can reside in local and remote computer storage media, including storage devices.

[0074] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0075] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0076] In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPU), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

[0077] Memory may include non-persistent storage in computer-readable media, such as random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. Memory is an example of computer-readable media.

[0078] Computer-readable media includes both permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can store information using any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transferable medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device. As defined herein, computer-readable media does not include transient computer-readable media, such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0079] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0080] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the system embodiments are basically similar to the method embodiments, so the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions in the method embodiments.

[0081] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A method for realizing multifunctional chip integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometry, characterized in that, A multifunctional chip-integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer is constructed using a 50%-50% optical beam splitter, a directional coupler, a phase shifter based on a coated structure, and a highly nonlinear waveguide. Different signal and pump light fields are introduced from different ports, and different voltages are applied to the coated structure to achieve path-selective quantum state manipulation, Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, nonlinear wavelength conversion, and photo-induced all-optical switching. This single-device structure supports quantum communication protocol implementation, high-precision quantum measurement, wavelength division multiplexing signal processing, and high-speed optical field interaction. Specifically, this includes: Step 1: A Machzent interferometer is fabricated using the standard chip-integrated waveguide process. The two arms of the interferometer are of equal length and can generate an effective nonlinear response. Four directional couplers and corresponding carrier straight waveguides are fabricated on the two arms of the Machzent interferometer. Transition metal sulfides are grown above the transmission waveguides of the interferometer arms, and external electrodes are fabricated accordingly. Step 2: Apply a bias voltage to the coating to change the free carrier concentration and adjust the waveguide refractive index, thereby realizing high-speed electro-optic modulation, path selection quantum state control and electro-optic switching functions. Step 3: Using a directional coupler, the single-photon sequence can be introduced into a 50%-50% optical beam splitter and the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference function can be realized. Step 4: Use a directional coupler to guide the pump light field into the transmission waveguide. Based on the four-wave mixing effect, nonlinear wavelength conversion and nonlinear multi-point broadcasting can be realized. Based on cross-phase modulation and photoinduced free carrier modulation, the optical control all-optical switch function can be realized.

2. The method for realizing multifunctional chip integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometry according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pump field includes a first pump field for nonlinear wavelength conversion and a second pump field for optically controlled all-optical switching. The first pump field has near-zero anomalous dispersion and wavelength detuning from the signal field is below the gain bandwidth. The second pump field generates high nonlinear phase shift or high concentration of free carriers in the waveguide at low power.

3. The method for realizing multifunctional chip integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometry according to claim 1, characterized in that, The directional coupler must include two input terminals and one output terminal. The pump optical field and the signal optical field are input from the input terminals. The pump optical field is coupled with the signal optical field through evanescent wave coupling and transmitted together and is output from the output terminal. The pump optical field has the largest cross-coupling coefficient, and the signal optical field has the smallest cross-coupling coefficient.

4. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any one of claims 1-3.

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