An experimental system and method for simulating the effect of surface cover on soil evaporation

Abstract

The present invention discloses an experimental system and method for simulating the influence of ground cover on soil evaporation. The system includes an artificial rainfall subsystem, an evaporation monitoring subsystem, a meteorological data observation subsystem and a data acquisition subsystem, all of which are arranged in a canopy. The system can accurately and automatically collect evaporation and meteorological data, and the data can be exported for analysis by researchers. The experimental method provides a mechanism for analyzing the influence of ground cover on soil evaporation from the perspective of soil evaporation energy supply and water vapor diffusion conditions. It can save time and human resources for scientific researchers to carry out scientific research. The device is firm and reliable, and the accuracy meets the needs of experimental research. The relevant results have good universality and provide a theoretical basis for calculating the actual evaporation of soil covered with covers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of soil evaporation principles, and in particular to an experimental system and method for simulating the influence of surface coverings on soil evaporation. Background Art

[0002] Surface cover refers to straw, litter, etc. covering the surface soil. Existing studies have shown that these covers have a significant inhibitory effect on soil evaporation. However, these studies often only describe this phenomenon quantitatively or qualitatively. From the perspective of evaporation principle, soil amplification is regulated by energy supply and water vapor diffusion conditions. Energy supply provides thermodynamic conditions for water evaporation, and water vapor diffusion provides aerodynamic conditions for water evaporation. For the phenomenon of surface cover inhibiting soil evaporation, the energy supply mainly affects the net radiation (energy supply) on the soil surface, and the water vapor diffusion conditions mainly affect the wind speed and relative humidity (affecting the water vapor pressure difference) on the soil surface. Therefore, in order to obtain universal and widely applicable research results, the mechanism of this regulation should be explored from these two aspects. And because the characteristics of different surface covers (type, thickness, accumulation and bulk density) are different, how to establish a scientific research method to construct the effect of surface cover on soil evaporation with parameters that are easier to obtain is a key scientific problem that needs to be solved urgently. At the same time, through literature research, a more scientific, reasonable and automated experimental equipment for studying this scientific problem has not yet been found. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the experimental system and method for simulating the influence of ground cover on soil evaporation provided by the present invention provide a standard, scientific and fully automatic experimental system and method for studying the regulating effect of ground cover on soil evaporation.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an experimental system for simulating the influence of surface cover on soil evaporation, including an artificial rainfall subsystem, an evaporation monitoring subsystem, a meteorological data observation subsystem and a data acquisition subsystem, all of which are arranged in a canopy;

[0005] The artificial rainfall subsystem is used to simulate the rainfall process;

[0006] The evaporation monitoring subsystem is used to simulate the soil evaporation process under different surface cover conditions after rainfall;

[0007] The meteorological data observation subsystem is used to observe meteorological data during soil evaporation;

[0008] The data acquisition subsystem is used to collect data on the soil evaporation process and meteorological data from the meteorological data observation system, and to analyze the impact of surface cover on soil evaporation.

[0009] Further, the evaporation monitoring subsystem includes a first soil evaporation simulation unit, a second soil evaporation simulation unit and a third soil evaporation simulation unit;

[0010] Wherein, the first soil evaporation simulation unit is used to simulate the soil evaporation process under bare soil;

[0011] The second soil evaporation simulation unit is used to simulate the soil evaporation process under non-contact covering, where non-contact covering means that the covering material has an effect on the soil evaporation energy supply but has no effect on the water vapor diffusion condition;

[0012] The third soil evaporation simulation unit is used to simulate the soil evaporation process under contact covering, and contact covering means that the covering material affects both the soil evaporation energy supply and the water vapor diffusion conditions.

[0013] Further, the first soil evaporation simulation unit, the second soil evaporation simulation unit and the third soil evaporation simulation unit each include a pressure-type load-bearing sensor and a lysimeter disposed on the pressure-type load-bearing sensor, and each of the lysimeters is filled with soil;

[0014] Among them, the second soil evaporation simulation unit and the third soil evaporation simulation unit also include a first covering frame and a second covering frame respectively, the bottoms of the first covering frame and the second covering frame are both screens, the first covering frame is arranged above its corresponding lysimeter and is connected to the bridge-type load-bearing sensor through a steel wire, and the second covering frame is arranged on the top of its corresponding lysimeter.

[0015] Furthermore, the artificial rainfall subsystem includes three artificial precipitation units, which are respectively arranged above the lysimeters in the first soil evaporation simulation unit, the second soil evaporation simulation unit and the third soil evaporation simulation unit.

[0016] Further, the meteorological data observation subsystem includes a pyranometer and a meteorological station, and the pyranometer is arranged between the second cover frame and the lysimeter;

[0017] The bridge-type load-bearing sensor, the pressure-type load-bearing sensor, the pyranometer and the weather station are all connected to the data acquisition subsystem.

[0018] An experimental method for an experimental system simulating the effect of soil surface cover on soil evaporation comprises the following steps:

[0019] S1. Construct the soil evaporation simulation process under bare soil, non-contact covering and contact covering, and collect soil evaporation process data;

[0020] S2. Analyze the influence of surface cover on soil evaporation based on the collected soil evaporation process data;

[0021] Among them, the impact of surface cover on soil evaporation includes the impact of cover on soil evaporation energy supply, the impact of cover on water vapor diffusion conditions, and the regulatory effect of different cover characteristics on soil evaporation energy supply and diffusion conditions.

[0022] Furthermore, the step S1 is specifically as follows:

[0023] S11, placing dried soil with the same physical and chemical properties into each lysimeter, placing dried coverings with the same physical and chemical properties into a first covering frame and a second covering frame, to form three experimental control groups of soil evaporation simulation processes: bare soil, non-contact covering, and contact covering;

[0024] S12, opening three artificial precipitation units, and closing each artificial precipitation unit when the soil in the lysimeter and the coverings in the first covering frame and the second covering frame reach saturated moisture content;

[0025] S13. Continuously observe and collect soil evaporation process data when the weight of the lysimeter reaches a constant, including changes in the weight of the covering material, changes in the weight of the lysimeter, solar radiation data recorded by the pyranometer, and meteorological data collected by the meteorological station.

[0026] Furthermore, in step S2, by comparing the soil evaporation simulation process under bare soil and non-contact covering, the analysis result of the influence of covering on soil evaporation energy supply is obtained;

[0027] By comparing the soil evaporation simulation process under contact covering and non-contact covering, the analysis results of the influence of covering on water vapor diffusion conditions were obtained;

[0028] By analyzing the simulated soil evaporation process under contact mulching and non-contact mulching respectively, the regulatory effects of different mulch characteristics on soil evaporation energy supply and diffusion conditions are quantified.

[0029] Furthermore, in step S2, in the process of analyzing the effect of surface cover on soil evaporation, the relative humidity of the cover-soil interface is and wind speed It can be solved by combining the following formulas:

[0030]

[0031] In the formula, , and are the soil evaporation of bare soil, non-contact cover and contact cover, and are the net radiation of bare soil and cover soil interface, is the relative humidity of the mulch-soil interface, is the wind speed at the mulch-soil interface, , and are the actual water vapor pressure at the interface between the mulch and the soil, the difference between the actual water vapor pressure and the saturated water vapor pressure, and the aerodynamic impedance. is the derivative of saturated water vapor pressure with respect to temperature, G is the soil heat flux, is the air density, is the specific heat of air at constant pressure, is the latent heat of vaporization of water, is the air humidity constant z is the height of the observation point of wind speed, humidity or temperature from the ground, d is the replacement height, is the saturated water vapor pressure, is the aerodynamic impedance of the bare soil and non-contact cover groups.

[0032] Furthermore, in step S2, in the process of analyzing the effect of ground cover on soil evaporation:

[0033] Influence function of mulch on soil evaporation energy supply The calculation formula is obtained by using the multivariate linear regression method based on the observed data:

[0034]

[0035] The influence function of the covering on the water vapor diffusion condition includes and :in, is the influence function of the covering material on the relative humidity of the soil interface, which is calculated based on the relative humidity of the soil interface covered by the covering material. And observation data, using the multivariate linear regression method to obtain, the calculation formula is:

[0036]

[0037] is the influence function of the covering material on the wind speed at the soil interface, which is calculated based on the wind speed at the soil interface covered by the covering material. And observation data, using the multivariate linear regression method to obtain, the calculation formula is:

[0038]

[0039] In the formula, and are the net radiation of bare soil and cover soil interface, and are the relative humidity of bare soil and mulch-covered soil interface, and are the wind speeds at the bare soil and mulch-covered soil interfaces, Type , THK , , They are the type of covering material, thickness, accumulation volume and bulk density.

[0040] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0041] The system of the present invention can accurately and automatically collect evaporation and meteorological data, and the data can be exported for analysis by researchers. The experimental method provides a mechanism for analyzing the influence of surface cover on soil evaporation from the perspective of soil evaporation energy supply and water vapor diffusion conditions. It can save time and human resources for scientific researchers to carry out scientific research. The device is firm and reliable, and the accuracy meets the needs of experimental research. The relevant results have good universality and provide a theoretical basis for calculating the actual evaporation of soil covered with cover. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of an experimental system for simulating the effect of surface cover on soil evaporation provided by the present invention.

[0043] Among them: 1. Water control valve; 2. Water pipe; 3. Nozzle; 4. Lysimeter; 5-1. First covering frame; 5-2. Second covering frame; 6. Bridge-type load-bearing sensor; 7. Compression-type load-bearing sensor; 8. Steel wire; 9. Pyranometer; 10. Weather station; 11. Bracket; 12. Data cable; 13. Data recorder; 14. Steel pipe; 15. Canopy. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described below to facilitate those skilled in the art to understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0045] Embodiment 1:

[0046] The embodiment of the present invention provides an experimental system for simulating the effect of ground cover on soil evaporation, including an artificial rainfall subsystem, an evaporation monitoring subsystem, a meteorological data observation subsystem, and a data acquisition subsystem, all of which are arranged in the canopy 15;

[0047] Among them, the artificial rainfall subsystem is used to simulate the rainfall process; the evaporation monitoring subsystem is used to simulate the soil evaporation process under different surface cover conditions after rainfall; the meteorological data observation subsystem is used to observe the meteorological data during the soil evaporation process; the data acquisition subsystem is used to collect data on the soil evaporation process and the meteorological data of the meteorological data observation system, and analyze the impact of surface cover on soil evaporation.

[0048] The evaporation monitoring subsystem in the embodiment of the present invention includes a first soil evaporation simulation unit, a second soil evaporation simulation unit and a third soil evaporation simulation unit;

[0049] Among them, the first soil evaporation simulation unit is used to simulate the soil evaporation process under bare soil; the second soil evaporation simulation unit is used to simulate the soil evaporation process under non-contact covering, and non-contact covering means that the covering material affects the soil evaporation energy supply but has no effect on the water vapor diffusion conditions; the third soil evaporation simulation unit is used to simulate the soil evaporation process under contact covering, and contact covering means that the covering material affects both the soil evaporation energy supply and the water vapor diffusion conditions.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, the first soil evaporation simulation unit, the second soil evaporation simulation unit and the third soil evaporation simulation unit in the embodiment of the present invention all include a pressure-type load-bearing sensor 7 and a lysimeter 4 arranged on the pressure-type load-bearing sensor 7, and each of the lysimeters 4 is filled with soil;

[0051] The second soil evaporation simulation unit and the third soil evaporation simulation unit further include a first covering frame 5-1 and a second covering frame 5-2, respectively. The bottoms of the first covering frame 5-1 and the second covering frame 5-2 are both screens. The first covering frame 5-1 is arranged above the corresponding lysimeter 4 and is connected to the bridge load-bearing sensor 6 through a steel wire 8. The second covering frame 5-2 is arranged on the top of the corresponding lysimeter 4. Specifically, the bottoms of the first covering frame 5-1 and the second covering frame 5-2 in this embodiment are stainless steel screens, which can be loaded with soil coverings such as straw and litter.

[0052] In this embodiment, three control experimental groups are formed by the above three soil evaporation simulation units to analyze the influence of covering materials on soil evaporation energy supply, the influence of covering materials on water vapor diffusion conditions, and the regulatory effect of different covering material characteristics on soil evaporation energy supply and diffusion conditions.

[0053] The artificial rainfall subsystem in the embodiment of the present invention includes three artificial rainfall units, which are respectively arranged above the lysimeter 4 in the first soil evaporation simulation unit, the second soil evaporation simulation unit and the third soil evaporation simulation unit. Specifically, each artificial rainfall unit includes a water control valve 1, which can control the water supply pipes 2 corresponding to the three sprinklers 3 respectively, so that the sprinklers 3 can evenly spray water on the lysimeter 4 or the first / second cover frame in the corresponding soil evaporation simulation unit.

[0054] like Figure 1 As shown, the meteorological data observation subsystem in the embodiment of the present invention includes a pyranometer 9 and a meteorological station 10. The pyranometer 9 is arranged between the second covering frame 5-2 and the lysimeter 4; specifically, it is installed on a bracket 11, located between the first covering frame 5-1 suspended by the steel wire 8 in the second soil evaporation simulation unit and the lysimeter 4, and the meteorological station 10 is installed in the canopy 15.

[0055] In this embodiment, the bridge load-bearing sensor 6, the compression load-bearing sensor 7, the pyranometer 9 and the weather station 10 are connected to the data acquisition subsystem via a data line 12. Specifically, the data acquisition system is a data recorder 13, which can acquire and store data in real time, and the time interval for recording data can be set to seconds, minutes, hours, days, etc. as needed, and a USB interface is provided to export data for subsequent analysis.

[0056] In the embodiment of the present invention, a transparent tempered glass is supported by a steel pipe 14 to form a canopy 15. The transparent tempered glass is light-transmissive and does not let in rain. There is no obstruction on all sides, which prevents natural rainfall from affecting the experiment while not affecting other meteorological elements and the evaporation of covering materials and soil.

[0057] Embodiment 2:

[0058] The embodiment of the present invention provides an experimental method for the experimental system for simulating the effect of soil surface cover on soil evaporation based on the embodiment 1, comprising the following steps:

[0059] S1. Construct the soil evaporation simulation process under bare soil, non-contact covering and contact covering, and collect soil evaporation process data;

[0060] S2. Analyze the influence of surface cover on soil evaporation based on the collected soil evaporation process data;

[0061] Among them, the impact of surface cover on soil evaporation includes the impact of cover on soil evaporation energy supply, the impact of cover on water vapor diffusion conditions, and the regulatory effect of different cover characteristics on soil evaporation energy supply and diffusion conditions.

[0062] Step S1 of the embodiment of the present invention is specifically as follows:

[0063] S11, loading the dried soil with the same physical and chemical properties into each lysimeter 4, loading the dried covering with the same physical and chemical properties into the first covering frame 5-1 and the second covering frame 5-2, to form three experimental control groups of soil evaporation simulation process: bare soil, non-contact covering and contact covering;

[0064] Specifically, when three experimental control groups were formed, the dry weight of soil and mulch in each group was recorded, and the data recording time interval was set according to the requirements;

[0065] S12, opening three artificial precipitation units, and closing each artificial precipitation unit when the soil in the lysimeter 4, the covering material in the first covering material frame 5-1, and the second covering material frame 5-2 reach saturated moisture content;

[0066] Specifically, each water control valve 1 is opened to make the nozzle 3 start to spray water downward, and when the weight of the covering material in the lysimeter 4 no longer changes, the water control valve 1 is closed;

[0067] S13, continuously observe and collect soil evaporation process data when the weight of the lysimeter 4 reaches a constant, including the weight change of the covering material, the weight change of the lysimeter 4, the solar radiation data recorded by the pyranometer 9, and the meteorological data collected by the meteorological station 10;

[0068] Specifically, meteorological data includes temperature, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity and solar radiation.

[0069] In step S2 of the embodiment of the present invention, by comparing the soil evaporation simulation process under bare soil and non-contact covering, the analysis result of the influence of the covering on the soil evaporation energy supply is obtained;

[0070] By comparing the soil evaporation simulation process under contact covering and non-contact covering, the analysis results of the influence of covering on water vapor diffusion conditions were obtained;

[0071] By analyzing the simulated soil evaporation processes under contact mulching and non-contact mulching respectively, the regulatory effects of different mulching characteristics on soil evaporation energy supply and diffusion conditions are quantified. Specifically, mulching characteristics include type, thickness, accumulation and bulk density.

[0072] In step S2 of the embodiment of the present invention, in the process of analyzing the effect of the surface cover on soil evaporation, the relative humidity of the cover-soil interface and wind speed It can be solved by combining the following formulas:

[0073]

[0074] Specifically, the amount of soil evaporation in the above process is The calculation formula is:

[0075]

[0076]

[0077]

[0078]

[0079] In the formula, , and Soil evaporation of bare soil, non-contact cover and contact cover ( mm ), and are the net radiation of bare soil and covered soil interface (MJ / m 2 ), is the relative humidity of the mulch-soil interface (%), is the wind speed at the mulch-soil interface (m / s), , and are the actual water vapor pressure (kPa) at the soil interface covered by the cover, the difference between the actual water vapor pressure and the saturated water vapor pressure (kPa), and the aerodynamic impedance (s / m), is the derivative of saturated water vapor pressure with respect to temperature (kPa / ℃), G is the soil heat flux (MJ / m 2 ), is the air density (kg / m 3 ), is the specific heat of air at constant pressure (J / kg / ℃), is the latent heat of vaporization of water (MJ / kg), is the air humidity constant (kPa / ℃), is the soil moisture function, is the soil water content (cm 3 / cm 3 ), is the field water holding capacity of the soil, z is the height of the observation point of wind speed, humidity or temperature from the ground (m), d is the displacement height (m), k is the von Karman constant, U S is the wind speed (m / s), is the surface roughness corresponding to the turbulent diffusion of water vapor (m), is the surface roughness (m), is the saturated water vapor pressure (kPa), , and They are the actual water vapor pressure (kPa), the difference between the actual water vapor pressure and the saturated water vapor pressure (kPa), and the aerodynamic impedance (s / m) of the soil interface of the bare soil and non-contact cover group.

[0080] In step S2 of the embodiment of the present invention, in the process of analyzing the influence of ground cover on soil evaporation:

[0081] Influence function of mulch on soil evaporation energy supply The calculation formula is obtained by using the multivariate linear regression method based on the observed data:

[0082]

[0083] The influence function of the covering on the water vapor diffusion condition includes and :in, is the influence function of the covering material on the relative humidity of the soil interface, which is calculated based on the relative humidity of the soil interface covered by the covering material. And observation data, using the multivariate linear regression method to obtain, the calculation formula is:

[0084]

[0085] is the influence function of the covering material on the wind speed at the soil interface, which is calculated based on the wind speed at the soil interface covered by the covering material. And observation data, using the multivariate linear regression method to obtain, the calculation formula is:

[0086]

[0087] In the formula, and are the net radiation of bare soil and cover soil interface, and are the relative humidity of bare soil and mulch-covered soil interface, and are the wind speeds at the bare soil and mulch-covered soil interfaces, Type , THK , , They are the type of covering material, thickness, accumulation volume and bulk density.

[0088] The influence function calculated based on the above process , and ,When calculating the actual evaporation of soil covered with mulch, the above three influence functions can be used to obtain the energy and water vapor diffusion parameters of the soil interface under the mulch, and substitute them into the bare soil evaporation calculation formula to obtain the actual evaporation of the soil.

[0089] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "radial", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or the number of implicitly specified technical features. Therefore, the features defined by "first", "second", and "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

Claims

1. An experimental system for simulating the effect of surface cover on soil evaporation, characterized in that: It includes an artificial rainfall subsystem, an evaporation monitoring subsystem, a meteorological data observation subsystem and a data acquisition subsystem, all of which are arranged in the canopy (15); The artificial rainfall subsystem is used to simulate the rainfall process; The evaporation monitoring subsystem is used to simulate the soil evaporation process under different surface cover conditions after rainfall; The meteorological data observation subsystem is used to observe meteorological data during soil evaporation; The data acquisition subsystem is used to collect data on the soil evaporation process and meteorological data from the meteorological data observation system, and analyze the impact of surface cover on soil evaporation; The evaporation monitoring subsystem includes a first soil evaporation simulation unit, a second soil evaporation simulation unit and a third soil evaporation simulation unit; Wherein, the first soil evaporation simulation unit is used to simulate the soil evaporation process under bare soil; The second soil evaporation simulation unit is used to simulate the soil evaporation process under non-contact covering, where non-contact covering means that the covering material has an effect on the soil evaporation energy supply but has no effect on the water vapor diffusion condition; The third soil evaporation simulation unit is used to simulate the soil evaporation process under contact covering, and contact covering means that the covering material affects both the soil evaporation energy supply and the water vapor diffusion conditions.

2. The experimental system for simulating the effect of ground cover on soil evaporation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first soil evaporation simulation unit, the second soil evaporation simulation unit and the third soil evaporation simulation unit all comprise a pressure-type load-bearing sensor (7) and a lysimeter (4) arranged on the pressure-type load-bearing sensor (7), and each of the lysimeters (4) is filled with soil; The second soil evaporation simulation unit and the third soil evaporation simulation unit further comprise a first covering frame (5-1) and a second covering frame (5-2), respectively; the bottoms of the first covering frame (5-1) and the second covering frame (5-2) are both screens; the first covering frame (5-1) is arranged above the corresponding lysimeter (4) and is connected to the bridge-type load-bearing sensor (6) via a steel wire (8); and the second covering frame (5-2) is arranged on the top of the corresponding lysimeter (4).

3. The experimental system for simulating the effect of ground cover on soil evaporation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The artificial rainfall subsystem comprises three artificial rainfall units, which are respectively arranged above the lysimeter (4) in the first soil evaporation simulation unit, the second soil evaporation simulation unit and the third soil evaporation simulation unit.

4. The experimental system for simulating the effect of ground cover on soil evaporation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The meteorological data observation subsystem comprises a pyranometer (9) and a meteorological station (10), wherein the pyranometer (9) is arranged between the second covering frame (5-2) and the lysimeter (4); The bridge-type load-bearing sensor (6), the pressure-type load-bearing sensor (7), the pyranometer (9) and the meteorological station (10) are all connected to the data acquisition subsystem.

5. An experimental method based on the experimental system for simulating the effect of surface cover on soil evaporation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Construct the soil evaporation simulation process under bare soil, non-contact covering and contact covering, and collect soil evaporation process data; S2. Analyze the influence of surface cover on soil evaporation based on the collected soil evaporation process data; Among them, the impact of surface cover on soil evaporation includes the impact of cover on soil evaporation energy supply, the impact of cover on water vapor diffusion conditions, and the regulatory effect of different cover characteristics on soil evaporation energy supply and diffusion conditions.

6. The experimental method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step S1 is specifically as follows: S11, placing dried soil with the same physical and chemical properties into each lysimeter (4), placing dried covering materials with the same physical and chemical properties into a first covering frame (5-1) and a second covering frame (5-2), to form three experimental control groups for soil evaporation simulation processes: bare soil, non-contact covering, and contact covering; S12, opening three artificial precipitation units, and closing each artificial precipitation unit when the soil in the lysimeter (4), the first covering frame (5-1) and the covering material in the second covering frame (5-2) reach saturated moisture content; S13, continuously observing and collecting soil evaporation process data when the weight of the lysimeter (4) reaches a constant, including the weight change of the covering material, the weight change of the lysimeter (4), the solar radiation data recorded by the pyranometer (9), and the meteorological data collected by the meteorological station (10).

7. The experimental method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step S2, by comparing the soil evaporation simulation process under bare soil and non-contact covering, the analysis result of the influence of the covering on the soil evaporation energy supply is obtained; By comparing the soil evaporation simulation process under contact covering and non-contact covering, the analysis results of the influence of covering on water vapor diffusion conditions were obtained; By analyzing the simulated soil evaporation process under contact mulching and non-contact mulching respectively, the regulatory effects of different mulch characteristics on soil evaporation energy supply and diffusion conditions are quantified.

8. The experimental method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S2, in the process of analyzing the effect of surface cover on soil evaporation, the relative humidity of the cover-soil interface and wind speed It can be solved by combining the following formulas: In the formula, , and are the soil evaporation of bare soil, non-contact cover and contact cover, and are the net radiation of bare soil and cover soil interface, is the relative humidity of the mulch-soil interface, is the wind speed at the mulch-soil interface, , and are the actual water vapor pressure at the interface between the mulch and the soil, the difference between the actual water vapor pressure and the saturated water vapor pressure, and the aerodynamic impedance. is the derivative of saturated water vapor pressure with respect to temperature, G is the soil heat flux, is the air density, is the specific heat of air at constant pressure, is the latent heat of vaporization of water, is the air humidity constant, z is the height of the observation point of wind speed, humidity or temperature from the ground, d is the replacement height, is the saturated water vapor pressure, is the aerodynamic impedance of bare soil and non-contact cover group, k is the von Karman constant, is the surface roughness corresponding to the turbulent diffusion of water vapor, is the surface roughness, is the difference between the actual water vapor pressure and the saturated water vapor pressure at the soil interface of bare soil and non-contact cover group, is the intermediate parameter, , is the soil moisture content, is the field water holding capacity of the soil.

9. The experimental method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S2, in the process of analyzing the influence of ground cover on soil evaporation: Influence function of mulch on soil evaporation energy supply The calculation formula is obtained by using the multivariate linear regression method based on the observed data: The influence function of the covering on the water vapor diffusion condition includes and :in, is the influence function of the covering material on the relative humidity of the soil interface, which is calculated based on the relative humidity of the soil interface covered by the covering material. And observation data, using the multivariate linear regression method to obtain, the calculation formula is: is the influence function of the covering material on the wind speed at the soil interface, which is calculated based on the wind speed at the soil interface covered by the covering material. And observation data, using the multivariate linear regression method to obtain, the calculation formula is: In the formula, and are the net radiation of bare soil and cover soil interface, and are the relative humidity of bare soil and mulch-covered soil interface, and are the wind speeds at the bare soil and mulch-covered soil interfaces, Type , THK , , They are the type of covering material, thickness, accumulation volume and bulk density.

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