A method for accurately determining the amount of fertilizer to be applied to fruit trees

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for accurately determining the amount of fertilizer applied to fruit trees, and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree field management. The nutrients output by the fruit trees are returned by fertilizing, and the amount of fertilizer required for the fruit trees in the following year is determined by accurately collecting the amount of nutrients output by the fruit trees. The amount of nutrients output by the fruit trees mainly includes pruned branches and collected fruits. The amount of fertilizer applied in the following year is determined by accurately calculating the two. The method is suitable for different fruit trees in different regions, is simple and easy to promote, and is beneficial to maintaining soil fertility and reducing non-point source pollution caused by improper fertilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree field management, and particularly relates to a method for accurately determining a fertilization amount for fruit trees. Background Art

[0002] Fertilization of fruit trees is a determining factor related to the fruit yield and fruit size during the final harvest period. At present, the amount of fertilizer applied to fruit trees is mostly determined based on experience, which is quite arbitrary and only focuses on the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, lacking the input of trace elements, which affects the stability of fruit yield and quality. Traditional soil testing and formula fertilization requires long-term experiments to summarize parameters such as nutrient utilization rate, nutrient absorption per unit yield, and nutrient correction coefficient. It requires a lot of capital investment, is difficult, and time-consuming, and ultimately cannot accurately match the actual fertilizer requirement of fruit trees. Excessive fertilization will cause soil fertilizer enrichment and pollution, while too little fertilization will affect soil fertility and the normal growth and fruiting of fruit trees. At present, most fruit trees and their planting areas have not yet established a complete soil testing and formula fertilization system. Therefore, the existing traditional soil testing and formula fertilization method is not yet available for application and promotion in fruit tree fertilization. Therefore, this field requires a method that can accurately grasp the amount of fertilizer required for fruit trees. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention makes up for the shortcomings of the prior art and provides a method for accurately determining the amount of fertilizer to be applied to fruit trees. The method accurately determines the amount of fertilizer to be applied based on the theory of nutrient return and is applicable to different fruit trees in different regions. The method is simple and easy to promote, and is beneficial to maintaining soil fertility and reducing non-point source pollution caused by improper fertilization.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0005] A method for accurately determining the amount of fertilizer to be applied to fruit trees, the key point being that the method comprises the following steps:

[0006] 1) Calculation of nutrient output

[0007] A nutrient output = A nutrient output from branch pruning + A nutrient output from fruit;

[0008] The calculation method of the nutrient output of branch pruning A is as follows:

[0009] a1. Select a group of fruit trees as sampling trees;

[0010] b1. When pruning branches in summer and winter, the pruned branches are divided into current year branches, two-year-old branches and perennial branches. After mixing, select a certain weight of fresh branches, dry them and weigh them to calculate the moisture content of the branches;

[0011] c1. Crush the dried branches and then measure the nutrient content of branch A;

[0012] The calculation method of the nutrient output of fruit A is as follows:

[0013] a2. Select a group of fruit trees as sampling trees, randomly pick a group of fresh fruits after the fruits are ripe, and then use the 4-point method to select a certain weight of fresh fruits;

[0014] b2. Dry the fresh fruit and weigh it to calculate the moisture content of the fruit;

[0015] c2. Crush the dried fresh fruit and then determine the nutrient content of fruit A;

[0016] 2) Calculation of fertilizer application amount

[0017] The amount of fertilizer is calculated according to the following formula:

[0018] The amount of nutrient A applied in the following year (kg / hm 2 ) = target yield (kg / hm 2 )×(1-fruit moisture content)×fruit A nutrient content (g / kg) / 1000+the amount of branch pruning in the current year (kg / hm 2 )×(1-branch moisture content)×branch A nutrient content (g / kg) / 1000.

[0019] In the steps a1 and a2, when selecting fruit trees, they are selected along an S-shaped line in the orchard.

[0020] In the step a2, 2 kg of fresh fruits are randomly selected after the fruits are ripe, and then the fresh fruits are collected using the 4-point method.

[0021] In steps c1 and c2, nutrient A is N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, B or Zn.

[0022] Introducing the fertilizer application correction coefficient X, the fertilizer application amount is calculated according to the following formula:

[0023] The amount of nutrient A applied in the following year (kg / hm 2 ) = target yield (kg / hm 2 )×(1-fruit moisture content)×fruit A nutrient content (g / kg) / 1000+(1+X)the amount of branch pruning in the current year (kg / hm 2 )×(1-branch moisture content)×branch A nutrient content (g / kg) / 1000, where X=0.1-0.15.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention innovatively measures the nutrients lost by fruit trees accurately through the amount of pruning and the amount of fruit harvest, provides accurate guidance for the amount of fertilizer applied in the second year, and ensures that the application of each nutrient is targeted and accurately controlled, which can not only reduce the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers of conventional fertilizers, but also reasonably apply medium and trace element nutrients, and provide the most reasonable possible environmental conditions for the healthy growth and fruiting of fruit trees; secondly, taking into account the specific conditions of branches in different years of pruning branches, a correction coefficient is introduced to further accurately calculate the amount of fertilizer applied, and the single fruit weight of the fruit is more ideal, providing fruit farmers and the market with better guidance on fertilization methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is an S-shaped route map for sampling fruit trees in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention relates to a method for accurately determining the amount of fertilizer applied to fruit trees. The method returns the nutrients output by the fruit trees by fertilizing, and determines the amount of fertilizer required for the fruit trees in the following year by accurately collecting the amount of nutrients output by the fruit trees. The amount of nutrients output by the fruit trees mainly includes pruned branches and collected fruits, and the collection and calculation methods of the two are discussed through specific embodiments.

[0027] Example 1, taking the 8-year-old apricot trees in the Lixing Technology Demonstration Garden of Shijiazhuang Fruit Research Institute as an example, the planting area is 50 mu, and the nutrient output of the fruit trees mainly includes two parts, one is the nutrient output of pruning branches in winter and summer, and the other is the nutrient output of harvesting fruits.

[0028] The steps to calculate the nutrient output of pruned branches are as follows:

[0029] a1. From the 50-mu demonstration garden plot, select one acre of fruit trees and select 7 fruit trees in an S shape as sampling trees. See the selection route for details. Figure 1 ;

[0030] b1. Divide the branches pruned in summer and winter into three categories: current year branches, two-year-old branches and perennial branches. Mix them according to the weight ratio and use the quartering method to sample. Then take about 5 kg of fresh branches as samples, dry them and weigh them to calculate the moisture content of the branches.

[0031] c1. Crush the dried sample branches and determine the nutrient contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn in the branches respectively;

[0032] The steps for calculating the nutrient output of harvested fruit are as follows:

[0033] a2. Select the above 7 trees as sampling trees;

[0034] b2. After the fruits are ripe, all are harvested, and then about 2 kg of fresh fruits are selected using the quartering method, that is, the fresh fruits are divided into 4 parts, and one part is taken each time to form about 2 kg of fresh fruits as samples, and the moisture content of the fruits is calculated by weighing after drying;

[0035] c2. Crush the dried fruits and determine the nutrient contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn in the fruits respectively;

[0036] According to the above nutrient output of fruit trees, the amount of fertilizer to be applied is calculated as follows:

[0037] 1) Target yield: Based on the tree age and the average yield of the previous three years, the target yield of apricots in the Lixing Technology Demonstration Garden is determined to be 15525kg / hm 2 , the water content of the fruit is 82.22%, and the nutrient content of the fruit is shown in Table 1.

[0038] Table 1. Nutrient content in apricot branches and fruits (g / kg)

[0039]

[0040]

[0041] 2) Branch nutrient output: Summer branch pruning volume is 550.35kg / hm 2 , the moisture content of the branches was 47.66%, the nutrient content of the branches in summer is shown in Table 1, and the pruning amount of branches in winter was 2718.50 kg / hm 2 , the moisture content of the branches was 43.51%. The nutrient content in the branches in winter is shown in Table 1.

[0042] 3) Calculation of fertilizer amount:

[0043] The amount of nutrient A applied in the following year (kg / hm 2 ) = target yield (kg / hm 2 )×(1-fruit moisture content)×fruit A nutrient content (g / kg) / 1000+the amount of branch pruning in the current year (kg / hm 2 )×(1-branch moisture content)×branch A nutrient content (g / kg) / 1000.

[0044] According to this formula, the required amounts of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn are calculated respectively:

[0045] N(kg / hm 2 ) = 15525 × (1-82.22%) × 15.44 / 1000 + 550.35 × (1-47.66%)

[0046] ×11.20 / 1000+2718.50×(1-43.51%)×9.85 / 1000=60.97kg / hm 2 。

[0047] P(kg / hm 2 )=15525×(1-82.22%)×2.19 / 1000+550.35×(1-47.66%)

[0048] ×2.51 / 1000+2718.50×(1-43.51%)×2.48 / 1000=10.58kg / hm 2 。

[0049] K(kg / hm 2 )=15525×(1-82.22%)×14.55 / 1000+550.35×(1-47.66%)

[0050] ×9.97 / 1000+2718.50×(1-43.51%)×11.50 / 1000=60.70kg / hm 2 。

[0051] Ca(kg / hm 2 )=15525×(1-82.22%)×0.53 / 1000+550.35×(1-47.66%)

[0052] ×12.01 / 1000+2718.50×(1-43.51%)×19.85 / 1000=35.41kg / hm 2 。

[0053] Mg(kg / hm 2 )=15525×(1-82.22%)×0.47 / 1000+550.35×(1-47.66%)

[0054] ×1.86 / 1000+2718.50×(1-43.51%)×2.22 / 1000=5.24kg / hm 2 。

[0055] Fe(kg / hm 2 )=15525×(1-82.22%)×0.0593 / 1000+550.35×(1-47.66%)

[0056] ×0.0627 / 1000+2718.50×(1-43.51%)×0.1180 / 1000=0.36kg / hm 2 。

[0057] Zn(kg / hm 2 ) = 15525 × (1-82.22%) × 0.0616 / 1000 + 550.35 × (1-47.66%)

[0058] ×0.0351 / 1000+2718.50×(1-43.51%)×0.0602 / 1000=0.27kg / hm 2 .

[0059] Among them, P converted into P2O5 is 24.23kg / hm 2 , convert K to K2O is 73.15 kg / hm 2 .

[0060] The amount of fertilizer for each element obtained through the above calculation provides accurate fertilizer amount for the growth of apricot.

[0061] The traditional fertilization method is to determine the amount of fertilizer based on the experience of fruit farmers based on tree age, planting density, yield, etc. The general traditional fertilization amount is: N is 115.50kg / hm 2 , P2O5 is 77.48kg / hm 2 , K2O is 175.43kg / hm 2 , Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn nutrients are not applied. Thus, the comparison between the fertilizer application amount of the present invention and the traditional fertilizer application amount can be obtained, as shown in Table 2.

[0062] Table 2. Comparison of the amount of fertilizer applied by the present invention and the amount of fertilizer applied by conventional methods

[0063]

[0064] Compared with traditional fertilization, this method greatly reduces the application amount of N, P, and K fertilizers, increases the medium and trace nutrients Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn, and achieves the purpose of balanced fertilization and improving quality and efficiency. Compared with the traditional fertilization method, the yield of apricot trees is 16735kg / hm 2 , increased by 362kg / hm 2 , and the soluble solids content of apricot fruit increased by 1.1 percentage points, and the titratable acid content decreased by 0.12 percentage points.

[0065] Example 2: During the daily growth of fruit trees, the growth of two-year-old branches tends to be thick and fruit-bearing due to the pruning in the first year. The nutrients required are the most among all types of branches. When considering pruning branches, there are more branches of the current year and perennial branches, while there are fewer two-year-old branches. Therefore, the nutrient amount calculated by mixing and crushing the branches of the current year, two-year-old branches and perennial branches needs to be corrected. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0066] The amount of nutrient A applied in the following year (kg / hm 2 ) = target yield (kg / hm 2 )×(1-fruit moisture content)×fruit A nutrient content (g / kg) / 1000+(1+X)the amount of branch pruning in the current year (kg / hm 2 )×(1-branch moisture content)×branch A nutrient content (g / kg) / 1000, where X=0.1-0.15. When there are fewer 2-year-old branches, the value of X can be larger, and when there are more 2-year-old branches, the value of X can be smaller.

[0067] Taking the 7 sampled trees in Example 1 as an example, among the pruned branches, the average proportion of 2-year-old branches is about 21%, and the value of X is 0.12. The required amounts of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, B and Zn are calculated according to the formula:

[0068] N(kg / hm 2 ) = 15525 × (1-82.22%) × 15.44 / 1000 + (1 + 0.12) × 550.35

[0069] ×(1-47.66%)×11.20 / 1000+(1+0.12)×2718.50×(1-43.51%)×9.85 / 1000=63.17kg / hm 2 .

[0070] P(kg / hm 2 ) = 15525 × (1-82.22%) × 2.19 / 1000 + (1 + 0.12) × 550.35

[0071] ×(1-47.66%)×2.51 / 1000+(1+0.12)×2718.50×(1-43.51%)×2.48 / 1000=11.12kg / hm 2 .

[0072] K(kg / hm 2 ) = 15525 × (1-82.22%) × 14.55 / 1000 + (1 + 0.12) × 550.35

[0073] ×(1-47.66%)×9.97 / 1000+(1+0.12)×2718.50×(1-43.51%)×11.50 / 1000=63.16kg / hm 2 .

[0074] Ca(kg / hm 2 ) = 15525 × (1-82.22%) × 0.53 / 1000 + (1 + 0.12) × 550.35

[0075] ×(1-47.66%)×12.01 / 1000+(1+0.12)×2718.50×(1-43.51%)×19.85 / 1000=39.48kg / hm 2 .

[0076] Mg(kg / hm 2 ) = 15525 × (1-82.22%) × 0.47 / 1000 + (1 + 0.12) × 550.35

[0077] ×(1-47.66%)×1.86 / 1000+(1+0.12)×2718.50×(1-43.51%)×2.22 / 1000=5.72kg / hm 2 .

[0078] Fe(kg / hm 2 ) = 15525 × (1-82.22%) × 0.0593 / 1000 + (1 + 0.12) × 550.35

[0079] ×(1-47.66%)×0.0627 / 1000+(1+0.12)×2718.50×(1-43.51%)×0.1180 / 1000=0.39kg / hm 2 .

[0080] Zn(kg / hm 2 ) = 15525 × (1-82.22%) × 0.0616 / 1000 + (1 + 0.12) × 550.35

[0081] ×(1-47.66%)×0.0351 / 1000+(1+0.12)×2718.50×(1-43.51%)×0.0602 / 1000=0.28kg / hm 2 .

[0082] Among them, P converted into P2O5 is 25.47kg / hm 2 , convert K to K2O is 76.11 kg / hm 2 , then the amount of fertilizer applied in this embodiment 2 is slightly changed compared with that in embodiment 1, as shown in Table 3:

[0083] Table 3. Comparison of nutrient application rates between this embodiment and embodiment 1

[0084]

[0085] According to the nutrient application rate of this embodiment, the yield increased by 369kg / hm compared with the traditional fertilization method.2 The soluble solid content of apricot fruit increased by 1.1 percentage points, and the titratable acid content decreased by 0.12 percentage points. Compared with the fertilization operation in Example 1, although only the yield increased by 7 kg / hm 2 , there is no obvious change, but the growth of fruit trees is better and the uniformity of fruits is significantly improved, as shown in Table 4:

[0086] Table 4. Weight distribution of apricot fruits in this example and example 1

[0087]

[0088]

[0089] As shown in Table 4, in this embodiment, as the fertilization method after the correction coefficient, the distribution of apricot fruits in 50-60g is the most widely distributed, accounting for a large proportion of 45%, followed by 40-45g, accounting for 25%, and the total proportion of apricot fruits in these two ranges is 70%; while in Example 1, 40-50g is the most widely distributed, followed by 50-60g, and the proportion of less than 40g is 28%, which is much higher than 20% in this embodiment. Based on the above data, it can be concluded that the apricot fruits obtained by the fertilization method of Example 2 are significantly better than those of Example 1 in weight distribution, with better growth and better appearance. The corrected fertilization data can better promote the growth of 2-year-old branches, and then promote fruit growth. In addition, when the correction coefficient X is greater than 0.15, there is no significant change in fruit growth, indicating that the increase in fertilizer application caused by the larger correction coefficient has exceeded the requirements of the fruit tree.

Claims

1. A method for accurately determining the amount of fertilizer to be applied to fruit trees, characterized in that: The precise determination method comprises the following steps: 1) Calculation of nutrient output A nutrient output = A nutrient output from branch pruning + A nutrient output from fruit; The calculation method of the nutrient output of branch pruning A is as follows: a1. Select a group of fruit trees as sampling trees; b1. When pruning branches in summer and winter, the pruned branches are divided into current year branches, two-year-old branches and perennial branches. After mixing, select a certain weight of fresh branches, dry them and weigh them to calculate the moisture content of the branches; c1. Crush the dried branches and then measure the nutrient content of branch A; The calculation method of the nutrient output of fruit A is as follows: a2. Select a group of fruit trees as sampling trees, randomly pick a group of fresh fruits after the fruits are ripe, and then use the 4-point method to select a certain weight of fresh fruits; b2. Dry the fresh fruit and weigh it to calculate the moisture content of the fruit; c2. Crush the dried fresh fruit and then determine the nutrient content of fruit A; 2) Calculation of fertilizer application amount According to the nutrient content calculated by mixing and crushing the current year branches, two-year-old branches and perennial branches, corrections need to be made by introducing the fertilizer correction coefficient X. The fertilizer amount is calculated according to the following formula: The amount of nutrient A applied in the following year (kg / hm 2 ) = target yield (kg / hm 2 )×(1-fruit moisture content)×fruit A nutrient content (g / kg) / 1000+(1+X)the amount of branch pruning in the current year (kg / hm 2 )×(1-branch moisture content)×branch A nutrient content (g / kg) / 1000, among which, when the average proportion of two-year-old branches is about 21%, the value of X is 0.

12.

2. The method for accurately determining the amount of fertilizer to be applied to fruit trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the steps a1 and a2, when selecting fruit trees, they are selected along an S-shaped line in the orchard.

3. The method for accurately determining the amount of fertilizer to be applied to fruit trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step a2, 2 kg of fresh fruits are randomly selected after the fruits are ripe, and then the fresh fruits are collected using the 4-point method.

4. The method for accurately determining the amount of fertilizer to be applied to fruit trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: In steps c1 and c2, nutrient A is N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, B or Zn.

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