Numerical control precision seed and fertilizer integrated seeder

Abstract

The utility model provides a numerical control precision seed-fertilizer integrated seeding machine, which relates to the technical field of grain seeding machines, and comprises a seeding machine frame, a seed-fertilizer box and a numerical control system, the bottom of the seed-fertilizer box is provided with a seed-metering box and a fertilizer-applying box, a seed-metering shaft passes through the interiors of all the seed-metering boxes, and the seed-metering shaft is connected with a first rotation driving mechanism; a fertilizer discharging shaft penetrates through all the fertilizing boxes, the fertilizer discharging shaft is connected with a second rotary driving mechanism, a speed measuring land wheel is hinged to the rear end of the seeding rack through a land wheel rocker arm, the speed measuring land wheel is rotationally installed at the end, away from the seeding rack, of the land wheel rocker arm through an installation shaft, and a pulse encoder is installed on the installation shaft; according to the utility model, a numerical control system is adopted to carry out precision seeding and fertilization on grains, and a traditional driving mode of transmitting power by virtue of a land wheel is replaced, so that the condition that the seeding quantity and the fertilization quantity are deviated due to factors such as land conditions or machinery is avoided, and the operation flow of adjusting the seeding quantity and the fertilization quantity is greatly simplified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of grain seeders, in particular to a digitally controlled precision seeding and fertilizer integrated seeder. Background Art

[0002] In the process of grain planting, in order to improve the planting efficiency of grain, fertilization is often carried out simultaneously when the grain is sown. The working principle of the existing integrated seed and fertilizer seeder is as follows: when the tractor drives the integrated seed and fertilizer seeder to move forward, the ground wheel rolls on the ground, and the rolling ground wheel drives the seeding shaft and the fertilizer shaft to rotate through the mechanical transmission mechanism, and the rotating seeding shaft drives each seeding box to discharge seeds, and the rotating fertilizer shaft drives each seeding box to discharge fertilizer, and the speed ratio between the seeding shaft, the fertilizer shaft and the ground wheel is adjusted by the transmission on the side of the seed and fertilizer box.

[0003] The existing integrated seed and fertilizer seeders have the following main problems: first, the ground wheel has a driving function, and the ground wheel transmits torque to the transmission through the connecting shaft. The transmission drives the seeding shaft and the fertilizer discharge shaft to rotate through the set speed ratio, and when the transmission is manually adjusted, the speed ratio of the ground wheel to the seeding shaft / fertilizer discharge shaft is adjusted. Therefore, the obtained seeding amount and fertilizer amount are fuzzy values. It is necessary to go through multiple sowing and fertilization tests by the operators before the seeding amount and fertilizer amount can be adjusted to meet the requirements of grain sowing and fertilization. Therefore, the adjustment operation process of the seeding amount and fertilizer amount is relatively cumbersome; second, when the seeding equipment encounters soft soil or slippery land for operation, the ground wheel will be affected by the terrain when rolling on the land, and the speed will be too slow or too fast. At this time, the seeding amount and fertilizer amount of the seeding equipment do not meet the actual sowing and fertilization requirements, resulting in inaccurate seeding amount and fertilizer amount.

[0004] Therefore, a digitally controlled precision seeding and fertilizing integrated seeder that can solve the above problems is needed. Utility Model Content

[0005] The utility model proposes a digitally controlled precision seed and fertilizer integrated seeder, which adopts a digital control system to perform precision seeding and fertilizing of grains, replacing the traditional driving mode that relies on the ground wheel to transmit power, avoiding the situation where the seeding amount and the fertilization amount deviate due to factors such as ground conditions or machinery, and greatly simplifies the operational procedures for adjusting the seeding amount and the fertilization amount.

[0006] The technical solution of the utility model is achieved in this way:

[0007] A numerically controlled precision seed and fertilizer integrated seeder comprises a seeder frame, a fertilizer box is fixedly installed on the seeder frame, a plurality of seeding boxes and a plurality of fertilizer boxes are installed at the bottom of the seed and fertilizer box, a seeding shaft for controlling the seeding speed of the seeding box passes through all the seeding boxes, the seeding shaft is connected to a first rotary drive mechanism, a fertilizer discharge shaft for controlling the fertilizer discharge speed of the fertilizer box passes through all the fertilizer boxes, the fertilizer discharge shaft is connected to a second rotary drive mechanism, a speed measuring ground wheel is hingedly installed at the rear end of the seeder frame through a ground wheel rocker arm, the speed measuring ground wheel is rotatably installed on the end of the ground wheel rocker arm away from the seeder frame through a mounting shaft, and a pulse encoder is installed on the mounting shaft;

[0008] It also includes a numerical control system, and the pulse encoder, the first rotary drive mechanism and the second rotary drive mechanism are all connected to the numerical control system.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution, the numerical control system includes a controller and a touch screen panel electrically connected to the controller, and the pulse encoder is electrically connected to the controller.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution, the seed drill frame is provided with a plurality of first fixing holes for fixing the tachometer ground wheel after being folded, and the ground wheel rocker arm is provided with a plurality of second fixing holes, and each of the first fixing holes is adapted to the second fixing hole.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution, a damping pad is arranged between the speed measuring wheel and the pulse encoder, and the damping pad is sleeved on the mounting shaft.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution, the first rotary drive mechanism includes a sowing stepper motor fixed on the sowing machine frame, the motor shaft of the sowing stepper motor is transmission-connected to the seeding shaft, and the sowing stepper motor is electrically connected to the controller via a first control element.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution, the second rotary drive mechanism includes a fertilization stepper motor fixed on the seed drill frame, the motor shaft of the fertilization stepper motor is transmission-connected to the fertilizer discharge shaft, and the fertilization stepper motor is electrically connected to the controller via a second control element.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

[0015] Since the CNC precision seed and fertilizer integrated seeder includes a seeding shaft, a first rotary drive mechanism, a fertilizer discharge shaft, a second rotary drive mechanism, a speed measuring ground wheel, a pulse encoder and a CNC system, compared with the traditional mode in which fertilization and seeding in existing seeders rely on the ground wheel to transmit power, the utility model adopts a non-powered speed measuring ground wheel, collects speed signals through a pulse encoder, and outputs drive signals to the first rotary drive mechanism and the second rotary drive mechanism respectively after precise calculation by the conveying system. The first rotary drive mechanism outputs a rotation speed to the seeding shaft according to a calibrated speed ratio, and the second rotary drive mechanism outputs a rotation speed to the fertilizer discharge shaft according to a calibrated speed ratio. The seeding shaft and the fertilizer discharge shaft can drive the core wheels of each seeding box and the fertilizer box to rotate, so that grain seeds and fertilizers are evenly sown into the land, thereby realizing precision sowing of grain seeds and precision fertilization of fertilizers.

[0016] At the same time, the walking speed of the ground wheel in a traditional seeder is easily affected by factors such as terrain conditions or machinery. In the utility model, the operating terrain conditions, sowing amount, and fertilization amount and other conditions can be preset in advance in the numerical control system. Therefore, when operating, the numerical control system can calibrate and calculate the walking speed signal of the speed measuring ground wheel according to the preset conditions, thereby avoiding the deviation of sowing amount and fertilization amount due to terrain conditions or mechanical factors, and thus ensuring that the integrated seed and fertilizer seeder sows grain seeds and fertilizers into the land at a certain speed, making the sowing and fertilization amounts more accurate.

[0017] Moreover, when the transmission is manually adjusted in a traditional seeder, what is adjusted is the speed ratio between the ground wheel and the seed discharge shaft and the fertilizer discharge shaft. Therefore, the adjusted seeding amount and fertilizer amount are fuzzy values ​​and are not accurate. The operator needs to conduct multiple tests before adjusting the seeding amount and fertilizer amount to a numerical range that meets the requirements of grain sowing and fertilization. The utility model can intuitively and accurately adjust the seeding amount and fertilizer amount through the numerical control system without multiple tests, thereby reducing the sowing labor intensity of the operators and land owners, thereby greatly simplifying the adjustment operation process of the seeding amount and fertilization amount, and saving labor and seed fertilizer.

[0018] Since the numerical control system includes a controller and a touch screen panel, in the utility model, the controller is used to accurately calibrate, process and calculate the speed signal, so that the first rotary drive mechanism and the second rotary drive mechanism output the accurate rotation speed of the seeding shaft and the fertilizer shaft according to the calibrated speed ratio, so that the core wheels of each seeding box and fertilizer box automatically follow the parameter speed ratio according to the walking speed of the speed measuring wheel, so that the sowing amount and fertilizer amount of grain per acre of land meet the preset requirements, thereby realizing precision sowing and fertilization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the speed measuring ground wheel and the encoder in the utility model.

[0022] Among them: 1. Seeder frame; 2. Seed and fertilizer box; 3. Seed box; 4. Fertilizer box; 5. Seed shaft; 6. Fertilizer shaft; 7. Ground wheel rocker arm; 8. Speed ​​measuring ground wheel; 9. Mounting shaft; 10. Pulse encoder; 11. Controller; 12. Touch screen panel; 13. First fixing hole; 14. Second fixing hole; 15. Damping pad; 16. Seeding stepper motor; 17. First control element; 18. Fertilizer stepper motor; 19. Second control element. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0024] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in common, a CNC precision seed and fertilizer integrated seeder includes a seeder frame 1, on which a fertilizer box 2 is fixedly installed, and a plurality of seed boxes 3 and a plurality of fertilizer boxes 4 are installed at the bottom of the seed and fertilizer box 2, and a seed shaft 5 for controlling the seeding speed of the seed box 3 passes through all the seed boxes 3, and the seed shaft 5 is connected to a first rotary drive mechanism, and a fertilizer shaft 6 for controlling the fertilizer speed of the fertilizer box 4 passes through all the fertilizer boxes 4, and the fertilizer shaft 6 is connected to a second rotary drive mechanism. In this embodiment, the speed of rotation of the seed shaft 5 and the fertilizer shaft 6 can control the seeding and fertilizing speed of the seed box 3 and the fertilizer box 4, and the faster the rotation speed of the seed shaft 5 and the fertilizer shaft 6 is, the faster the rotation speed of the core wheels of the seed box 3 and the fertilizer box 4 is, and the seeding and fertilizing speeds of the seed box 3 and the fertilizer box 4 are. The faster the fertilizer speed is, the slower the rotation speed of the seeding shaft 5 and the fertilizer shaft 6 is, the slower the rotation speed of the core wheels of the seeding box 3 and the fertilizer box 4 is, and the slower the seeding and fertilizing speed is. Therefore, by controlling the rotation speed of the seeding shaft 5 and the fertilizer shaft 6, direct control of the sowing amount and the fertilization amount can be achieved; the rear end of the seeding machine frame 1 is hingedly installed with a speed measuring ground wheel 8 through a ground wheel rocker arm 7, and the speed measuring ground wheel 8 is rotatably installed on the ground wheel rocker arm 7 away from the end of the seeding machine frame 1 through an installation shaft 9, and a pulse encoder 10 is installed on the installation shaft 9. In this embodiment, the pulse encoder 10 can adopt an Ohm E6B2-CWZ6C model dragon incremental encoder, the seeding box 3 adopts a special or universal seeding box for a seeder, and the fertilizer box 4 adopts a special or universal fertilizer box for a seeder.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, the CNC precision seed and fertilizer integrated seeder also includes a CNC system, and the pulse encoder 10, the first rotary drive mechanism and the second rotary drive mechanism are all connected to the CNC system. In this embodiment, the seed and fertilizer integrated seeder can also include a horizontal sensor switch and multiple monitoring elements (not shown in the figure) connected to the CNC system, and the CNC system in the utility model can also be connected to the big data cloud, and the farm terminal can monitor the operating area and the dynamic information of sowing and fertilization at any time.

[0026] The above-mentioned horizontal sensor switch can be arranged at the connection between the seed drill frame 1 and the tractor, and is used to detect whether the seed drill frame 1 is in a horizontal state. When the tractor lifts the seed drill frame 1, the horizontal sensor switch detects that the seed drill frame 1 is tilted. At this time, the horizontal sensor switch sends a stop operation signal to the numerical control system, so that the seeding and fertilizing work of the seed and fertilizer sowing machine is stopped. On the contrary, when the tractor drops the seed drill frame 1 to the working position, the horizontal sensor switch detects that the seed drill frame 1 is rotated to a horizontal position. At this time, the horizontal sensor switch sends a start signal to the numerical control system, so that the numerical control system starts and prepares for sowing and fertilizing, thereby realizing the automatic start and stop of the seed and fertilizer sowing machine.

[0027] The above-mentioned monitoring elements may include sensors arranged on the seeding shaft 5, the fertilizer shaft 6, each seeding box 3 and the fertilizer box 4, and inside the seed and fertilizer box 2, and a buzzer arranged on the touch screen panel 12, which can monitor the rotation speed of the seeding shaft 5 and the fertilizer shaft 6 in real time, the sowing amount of grain seeds in each seeding box 3 and the fertilizer amount in the fertilizer box 4 in real time, and monitor the amount of grain seeds and fertilizers in the seed and fertilizer box 2. When the rotation of the seeding shaft 5 and the fertilizer shaft 6, the sowing amount of grain seeds and the fertilizer amount are abnormal, or the grain seeds and fertilizers in the seed and fertilizer box 2 are too little, the operator is reminded by a buzzer, which not only reduces the pressure of misjudgment of the operator and the labor intensity of the monitoring personnel, but also ensures the quality of sowing and fertilizing operations.

[0028] Compared with the ground wheel of the traditional seeder that has both speed measurement and driving functions, the speed measuring ground wheel 8 in the utility model only provides a speed measurement function, and the real-time rotation speed of the speed measuring ground wheel 8 is collected by the pulse encoder 10, and the numerical control system is used for calibration, processing and calculation, so as to drive the seeding shaft 5 and the fertilizer shaft 6 to rotate according to the target rotation speed through electronic control, so that the sowing speed and sowing amount of grain seeds, as well as the fertilizer application speed and fertilizer application amount meet the sowing and fertilization requirements, thereby realizing the precise sowing and fertilization of grains; and compared with the traditional seeder that uses a transmission to perform fuzzy adjustment of the sowing amount and the fertilizer application amount, the utility model can directly use the numerical control system to calculate the rotation speed of the seeding shaft 5 and the fertilizer application shaft 6, without the operator having to perform multiple tests and adjustments, so that the sowing speed and sowing amount of grain seeds, as well as the fertilizer application speed and fertilizer application amount can fully meet the actual requirements, thereby simplifying the adjustment operation process of the sowing amount and the fertilizer application amount.

[0029] Among them, the numerical control system includes a controller 11 and a touch screen panel 12 electrically connected to the controller 11, and the pulse encoder 10 is electrically connected to the controller 11. In this embodiment, the controller 11 can adopt the FX1N-40MR-001 model programmable controller provided by the Mitsubishi brand, and the touch screen panel 12 can adopt the GT1565-VTBD model touch screen display of Mitsubishi. The speed calculation formula of the seeding shaft 5 and the fertilizer shaft 6 under various conditions has been pre-set in the controller 11. The operator only needs to select the preset conditions in advance on the touch screen panel 12. When the seed and fertilizer sowing integrated seeder is operating, the controller 11 can control the seeding shaft 5 and the fertilizer shaft 6 to rotate according to the command speed value output by the computer at a uniform speed, so that different grain seeds and fertilizers can be fed at an appropriate speed, and fully meet the requirements of grain sowing and fertilization, thereby avoiding the influence of factors such as ground conditions and mechanical transmission on the sowing amount and fertilization amount, thereby realizing the precise sowing and fertilization of grains.

[0030] Among them, the seed drill frame 1 is provided with a plurality of first fixing holes 13 for fixing the tachometric ground wheel 8 after being folded, and the ground wheel rocker arm 7 is provided with a plurality of second fixing holes 14, and each first fixing hole 13 is adapted to the second fixing hole 14. In the utility model, when the tachometric ground wheel 8 is not in use, the tachometric ground wheel 8 needs to be separated from the ground. After the tachometric ground wheel 8 is lifted, the second fixing hole 14 on the ground wheel rocker arm 7 can be aligned with the first fixing hole 13. At this time, a screw or a pin (not shown in the figure) can be inserted into the first fixing hole 13 and the second fixing hole 14 to fix the ground wheel rocker arm 7 and the tachometric ground wheel 8, thereby protecting the tachometric ground wheel 8.

[0031] like Figure 2 As shown, a damping pad 15 is provided between the tachometer ground wheel 8 and the pulse encoder 10. The damping pad 15 is sleeved on the mounting shaft 9. In the utility model, the setting of the damping pad 15 prevents the tachometer ground wheel 8 from rotating. When the tachometer ground wheel 8 leaves the ground, the tachometer ground wheel 8 stops rotating immediately, thereby avoiding the situation where the tachometer ground wheel 8 continues to rotate due to inertia, resulting in the waste of grain seeds and fertilizers.

[0032] Moreover, the first rotation drive mechanism includes a sowing stepper motor 16 fixed on the sowing machine frame 1, and the motor shaft of the sowing stepper motor 16 is transmission-connected to the seeding shaft 5. The sowing stepper motor 16 is electrically connected to the controller 11 through the first control element 17. In the present embodiment, a chain transmission method is adopted between the motor shaft of the sowing stepper motor 16 and the seeding shaft 5, so the speed ratio between the motor shaft of the sowing stepper motor 16 and the seeding shaft 5 is relatively fixed, but it can also be adjusted by a sprocket (thus having a wider adaptability).

[0033] In addition, the second rotary drive mechanism includes a fertilization stepper motor 18 fixed on the seed drill frame 1, and the motor shaft of the fertilization stepper motor 18 is transmission-connected to the fertilizer discharge shaft 6. The fertilization stepper motor 18 is electrically connected to the controller 11 through the second control element 19. In this embodiment, the first control element 17 and the second control element 19 can both adopt the DM872A model stepper motor driver produced by Shenzhen Dongmochuan Servo Control Technology Co., Ltd., and the motor shaft of the fertilization stepper motor 18 and the fertilizer discharge shaft 6 also adopt a chain drive method, so the rotation speed between the motor shaft of the fertilization stepper motor 18 and the fertilizer discharge shaft 6 is relatively fixed, but can also be adjusted by a sprocket (thus having a wider adaptability).

[0034] In the present invention, the controller 11, the touch screen panel 12, the pulse encoder 10, the sowing stepper motor 16, the first control element 17, the fertilizing stepper motor 18 and the second control element 19 can all be powered by the 12V power supply of the tractor.

[0035] The working principle of using the utility model to sow and fertilize grains is as follows:

[0036] The first step is to pour the grain seeds to be sown into the seed tank inside the seed fertilizer box 2, pour the fertilizer into the fertilizer tank inside the seed fertilizer box 2, remove the bolts or pins fixing the ground wheel rocker arm 7, and rotate the ground wheel rocker arm 7 to place the speed measuring ground wheel 8 on the ground;

[0037] In the second step, the operator sets the type of grain (determines the amount of seeds in the seed box 3 for each rotation of the seeding shaft 5) and the size of the fertilizer particles (determines the amount of fertilizer in the fertilizer box 4 for each rotation of the fertilizer shaft 6) on the touch screen panel 12. The controller 11 checks the error between the actual seeding amount and the preset seeding amount parameter and can make fine adjustments to ensure a more accurate seeding amount and fertilizer amount. After that, the operator starts the sowing device through the touch screen panel 12 and drives the tractor to move in the land.

[0038] In the third step, when the tractor moves forward, the speed measuring wheel 8 will roll on the land, and the pulse encoder 10 will collect the speed and number of revolutions of the speed measuring wheel 8 in real time. The data information collected by the encoder will be transmitted to the controller 11, and the controller 11 will calibrate, process and calculate the received data information according to the calculation formula and set value of the corresponding program, and obtain the target speed values ​​of the seeding shaft 5 and the fertilizer discharge shaft 6 respectively, and output them to the first control element 17 and the second control element 19, and display them on the touch screen panel 12;

[0039] In the fourth step, the first control element 17 controls the sowing stepper motor 16 according to the calibrated speed ratio to drive the seed discharge shaft 5 to rotate according to the target speed. Similarly, the second control element 19 controls the fertilization stepper motor 18 according to the calibrated speed ratio to drive the fertilizer discharge shaft 6 to rotate according to the target speed, so that the grain seeds and fertilizers are accurately and evenly sown into the land.

[0040] In summary, the utility model proposes a CNC precision seed and fertilizer integrated seeder, which adopts a CNC system to perform precision seeding and fertilizing of grains, replacing the traditional driving mode that relies on the ground wheel to transmit power, avoiding the deviation of seeding and fertilization amounts due to factors such as terrain conditions or machinery, and greatly simplifies the operational procedures for adjusting the seeding and fertilization amounts.

[0041] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A CNC precision seeding and fertilizer integrated seeder, comprising a seeder frame, on which a fertilizer box is fixedly mounted, characterized in that: A plurality of seeding boxes and a plurality of fertilizer boxes are installed at the bottom of the seed-fertilizer box, a seeding shaft for controlling the seeding speed of the seeding boxes passes through all the seeding boxes, the seeding shaft is connected to a first rotary drive mechanism, a fertilizer shaft for controlling the fertilizer discharging speed of the fertilizer boxes passes through all the fertilizer boxes, the fertilizer shaft is connected to a second rotary drive mechanism, a speed measuring ground wheel is hingedly installed at the rear end of the seeding machine frame through a ground wheel rocker arm, the speed measuring ground wheel is rotatably installed at one end of the ground wheel rocker arm away from the seeding machine frame through a mounting shaft, and a pulse encoder is installed on the mounting shaft; It also includes a numerical control system, and the pulse encoder, the first rotary drive mechanism and the second rotary drive mechanism are all connected to the numerical control system.

2. The CNC precision seeding and fertilizing integrated seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The numerical control system includes a controller and a touch screen panel electrically connected to the controller, and the pulse encoder is electrically connected to the controller.

3. The digital controlled precision seeding and fertilizing integrated seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed drill frame is provided with a plurality of first fixing holes for fixing the tachometer ground wheel after being folded, and the ground wheel rocker arm is provided with a plurality of second fixing holes, and each of the first fixing holes is matched with the second fixing hole.

4. The digital controlled precision seeding and fertilizing integrated seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: A damping pad is arranged between the speed measuring ground wheel and the pulse encoder, and the damping pad is sleeved on the installation shaft.

5. The digital controlled precision seeding and fertilizing integrated seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first rotary drive mechanism comprises a sowing stepper motor fixed on the sowing machine frame, the motor shaft of the sowing stepper motor is drivingly connected to the seeding shaft, and the sowing stepper motor is electrically connected to the controller via a first control element.

6. The digital controlled precision seeding and fertilizing integrated seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second rotary drive mechanism comprises a fertilization stepper motor fixed on the seed drill frame, the motor shaft of the fertilization stepper motor is transmission-connected to the fertilizer discharge shaft, and the fertilization stepper motor is electrically connected to the controller via a second control element.

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